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A  SKETCH 


OP  THE 


BOTANY 


OP 


@©wi^ii«©iim©i4aim  Aim  ©^©mssA. 


IN  TWO  VOLUMES. 


BY  STEPHEN  ELLIOTT. 


VOLUME  I. 


CUARLESTOJ^,  S.  C. 
Published  bt  J.  R.  SCHENCK.,  No.  11,  Broad  street, 

J.  HOFP,  »RiaTEB. 

1831. 


DISTRICT  OF  SOUTH  CAROLIJ^A,  ss; 

BE  IT  REMEMBERED,  Tliat  on  the  twenty. 
d^jN^^i^^f)  first  day  of  September,  Jinno  Domini  one  thousand 
^  t  eight  hundred  and  sixteen,  and  in  the  fortieth  year 

^    SEAL.    <.   pj-  jj^g  Independence  of  the  United  States  of  America, 
%,t^c^e^fi/ft  STEPHEN  ELLIOTT,  of  the  said  district  deposited 
in  this  office  the  title  of  a  book,  the  right  whereof  he 
claims  as  author  and  proprietor,  in  the  words  following,  to  wit: 

"  A  Sketch  of  the  Botany  of  South  Carolina  and  Georgia, 
by  Stephen  Elliott.^' 

In  conformity  to  the  Act  of  the  Congress  of  the  United  States, 
intitled  "  an  Act  for  the  encouragement  of  learning,  by  securing 
the  copies  of  Maps,  Charts,  and  Books,  to  the  authors  and  proprie- 
tors of  ♦uch  copies  during  the  times  therein  mentioned."  And 
also  to  an  Act,  intitled  *•  an  Act,  supplementary  to  an  Act  in- 
titled  an  Act  for  the  encouragement  of  learning,  by  securing  the 
copies  of  Maps,  Charts,  and  Books,  to  the  authors  and  proprietors 
of  such  copies  during  the  times  therein  mentioned,  and  extending 
the  benefits  thereof  to  the  arts  of  designing  and  etching  Historical 
and  other  Frints." 

JAMES  JERVEY, 
Clerk  of  the  District  of  South  Carolina. 


\^ 


From  a  remembrance  of  his  extensive  and  profound  knowledge 
of  the  science  of  Botany,  and  of  his  unweared  efforts  to  improve 
the  Flora  of  North  America;  from  a  high  respect  for  his  many 
virtues,  his  liberal  temper  and  exemplary  character ;  and  for  the 
personal  advantages  derived  from  years  of  uninterrupted  correspon- 
dence, this  VOLUME  is  inscribed  to  the  memory  of  the  late  Rev. 
HENRY  MUHLENBERG  of  Lancaster,  Pennsylvania. 


ADVERTISEMENT. 

THE  present  work  contains  tlie  result  of  lon^  observation  on 
the  plants  of  Sonth-Carolina  and  Georgia.  I  know  that  it  is  still  iin- 
ptM-tect;  and  that  an  apolo^ry  js  due  to  tlte  world  for  offeriMji;  to  its 
notice  an  imperfect  performance.  Circumstances,  however,  have  len- 
dereil  it  probable  that  its  publicatiosi.at  this  time,  might  encourage  anil 
promote  the  study  of  Botany  in  tliis  country,  while  it  has  become 
doubtful,  whether  delay  would  enable  me  to  make  it  more  complete, 
or  more  accurate. 

It  has  been  a  subject  of  regret  in  this  country,  for  many  yeais  past, 
that  persons  wishing  to  commence  or  prosecute  the  study  of  botanv, 
have  been  deterred  from  the  pursuit  for  want  of  books.  No  work  has 
yet  appeared  which  exhibits  a  good  view  of  the  botany  of  the  Southern 
States :  and  those  which  have  been  published,  though  valuahle,  and 
extending,  each  in  its  turn,  the  knowledge  of  our  plants,  contain  <>en- 
erally  very  brief  descriptions,  and  require  constant  reference  to  otlier 
books,  not  only  expensive,  but  in  a  great  part  of  the  United  States 
as  yet  unattainable. 

I  have  therefore  endeavored  to  adapt  this  sketch  of  our  botany  to 
the  situation  and  wants  of  our  country.  To  some  species,  under 
almost  every  genus,  wherever  the  living  plant,  or  specimens  in  a  per- 
fect state,  have  fallen  under  my  inspection,  I  have  given  detailed  de- 
scriptions. It  has  been  mv  wish  to  enable  persons  witli  tliis  work 
alone,  to  ascertain  the  known  plants  of  South-Carolina  and  Georgia; 
and  with  this  view  much  has  been  inserted,  that  under  other  circum- 
stances might,  and  would  have  been  omitted.         jL002jLJ- 

I  have  subjoined,  occasionally,  to  the  description  of  the  plants, 
observations  on  their  medical  atid  cecouomical  uses.  For  the  medical 
observations  I  have  been  indebted  to  Dr.  Jamhs  MArBKiDE,a  gentle- 
man who  uniting  great  sagacity  and  talent,  to  extensive  and  accurate 
botanical  knowledge,  has  made  the  medical  properties  of  our  plants 
a  subject  of  careful  inve'<ti;ration.  His  particular  object  has  been  to 
ascertain  w>^?ii  plants  really  possess  peculiar  and  valuable  qualities  ; 
not  merely  to  am..ss  without  discrimination,  pop'ilar  receipts.  The 
results  of  his  researches,  I  can  offer  with  confidence  to  public  notice. 

A  strong  desire  having  been  expressed  by  many  of  the  subscribers 
to  have  some  en-jravings  annexed  to  tliis  work,  1  have  added  a  few. 


iv 

eTideavounng  to  reliefer  them  as  useful  as  possible.  Engravings  mere- 
ly ornamental,  were  not  witliin  the  scope  of  this  publication.  The 
grasses  having  usually  been  considered  bj  students  as  forming  an  ob- 
scure branch  of  botany,  I  have  attempted  to  illustrate  tl  is  department, 
and  propose  to  give,  on  a  reduced  scale,  drawings  and  dissections  of 
the  different  "-enera  of  the  Graniina  and  Cyperacefe,  so  as  to  exhibit 
the  habit  and  structure  of  each  genus.  I  know  not  whether  the 
benefit  will  at  all  be  proportioned  to  the  labour  and  anxiety  these  en- 
gravings have  cost  me,  in  a  country  where  few  facilities  are  offered 
to  an  author;  but  I  must  bestow  unqualified  praise  on  Mr.  Wood,  the 
en"-raver,  for  the  zeal  and  the  unwearied  assiduity  with  which  he  has 
laboured  to  render  tliem  accurate,  and  worthy  of  public  approbation. 
Their  errors  and  imperfections  must  rest  with  me. 

Of  the  books  generally  referred  to,  the  following  editions  have  been 

used. , 

Genera Plantarum.     Lin.    Schrebers  edition. 

Species  Plantarum,  Lin.     Willdenow's  edition — Berlin,  1797. 

Clayton's  Flora  Virginica.     4to  edition — Leyden,  1762. 

Hortus  Kewensis.     2d  edition. 

When  other  editions  have  been  used  they  have  been  particularly 
noticed.  Of  most  of  the  other  books  employed,  there  has  been  but 
one  impression. 

To  the  many  friends  who  have  aided  me  in  this  work,  I  owe  great 
ohlij.'ations  ;  and  at  a  future  opportunity  I  will  return  tliem  more 
specific  acknowledgments.  Every  page,  however,  of  this  publication, 
Avill  bear  testimony  to  their  zeal  and  kindness:  for  I  have  endeavour- 
ed scrupulously  to  record  the  aid  they  have  afforded  me,  and  to  regis- 
ter their  respective  discoveries.  I  must  still  request,  not  only  those 
who  have  a' ready  assisted  me,  but  ali  the  lovers  of  this  science,  to 
communicate  any  obser\ations  or  discoveries,  which  may  enable  me  to 
correct  tlie  errors  !  have  committed,  or  to  supply  the  omissions  which 
mav  occur  in  the  course  of  this  puidicution.  Specimens  of  rare  or 
unknown  plants  will  be  at  all  times  highly  acceptable. 

In  a  science  like  botany,  depending  on  fact  and  observation,  the 
progress  must  necessarily  be  slow  and  grailual.  It  is  only  by  the 
co-operatii)ii  and  contributions  of  many  individuals  tl^at  it  can  uiti- 
matvdy  attain  any  degree  of  perfection.  The  aid.  therefore,  which  is 
necessary  for  all,  I  freely  solicit  j  and  the  offerings  made  to  science^I 
shall  ciieutully  accept. 


A  GLOSSARY, 

CONTAINING  AN  EXPLANATION 

of  THE 

TERMS  MOST  COMMOJVLV  USED  IJST  BOT^J^F. 

\v 

vwvw  vwvw  vwvw  ww%/w  vw 


Abortive  flower  (flos  abortieus)  falling  off  without  producing  fruit. 

.Arrupt. — Applied  only  to  pinnate  leaves  Avhen  they  have  neither 
leaflet  (foliolum)  nor  tendril  or  clasper  at  the  end. 

AcKuosE  leaf.  •  Linear  and  permanent  as  in  the  pine.     (Acerosunu) 

AciGULAR.     Shaped  like  a  needle.     (Acicularis.) 

Acuminate.     Sharp  pointed.     (Acuminatus.) 

Acinus.     See  Berry. 

Acute;  sharp.     Applied  to  leaves  and  to  the  perianth.     (Acutus.) 

Aggregate  flowers.  Those  seated  on  the  same  receptacle,  or  inclos^ 
ed  in  the  same  calyx.  They  are  divided  into  umbelled,  cymose,  com- 
pound, aggregate  properly  so  called,  where  the  flowers  are  seated 
•with  peduncles  on  a  dilated  receptacle,  amentaceous  and  glumose. 
(Flores  aggregati.) 

ALTERNATELY-piNNATEleaf :  When  the  leaflets  (foliola)  are  arranged 
alternately  on  each  side  of  the  common  footstalk  or  petiole  (Alter- 
natim  pinnata.) 

Alveolate  receptacle:  Divided  into  open  cells  like  an  honey-comb, 
with  a  seed  lodged  in  eacli.     (Alveolatum.) 

Ament.  Flowers  collected  on  chafty  scales  and  arranged  on  a  thread 
or  slender  stalk  ;  as  in  the  Oak,  Walnut  and  Willow.     (Amentum.) 

Amplexicaule  leaf:  Embracing,  clasping  or  surrounding  the  stem  by 
its  base.     (Folium  amplexicaule.) 

Ancipital  stem  :  Two  edged.  Flatted  or  rather  sharp  with  two  op- 
posite angles.     (Caulis  anceps.) 

Androgynous  plant :  Bearing  on  the  same  root  flowers  with  stamens, 
and  flowers  with  pistils,  withoutany  flowers  having  both  stamens  and 
pistils ;  such  flowers  are  termed  androgynous,  also.     (Androgyna.^ 

Anther.     The  sack  wliich  contains  the  Farina  or  pollen.     (Anthera.) 

Apetalous  flower :  A  flower  without  petals.     (Flos  Apetalus.) 

Appressed,  pressed  or  squeezed  close.     (Appressus.) 

Arborescent  stem,  becoming  woody.     (Arborescens.) 

Aril.  The  outer  coat  of  a  seed  enclosing  it  partially  or  falling  ofl* 
spontaneously.     (Arillus.) 

Avriculatk  leaf:  A  cordate  or  lieart-shaped  leaf,  having  the  corners 
prominent  and  rounded.     (Folium  auriculatum.) 

Awn.  a  slender  sharp  process  issuing  froiu  the  glume  or  chaff'  in 
grasses.     (Arista.) 

Axilla.  Tlie  angle  formed  by  a  branch  with  the  btem,  or  by  a  lc:*f 
with  the  branch. 

IS 


3 

Axillary,  growing  out  of  the  angle  thus  formed.    (Axillaris.) 
Barb.     A  straight  process  ^rmed  with  teeth  pointing  backwards. 

(Glochis.) 
Barren  flower.    Not  capable  of  bearing  seed;  having  stamens,  but 

no  pistil  or  pistils,  and  vice  versa.     (Sterilis.) 
Beaked.    Terminated  by  a  process  shaped  like  the  beak  of  a  bird, 

applied  to  fruits.     (Rostratus.) 
Beard.    A  tuft  of  stiff  hairs  terminating  leaves— in  pubescence,  par- 
allel hairs.     (Barba.) 

Bell-shaped  Corolla.  Swelling  out,  without  forming  a  tube. 
(Campanulata.) 

Berry.  A  juicy  or  pulpy  pericarp  or  fruit  without  valves  contain- 
ing naked  seeds,  as  the  whortle  berry.  (Bacca.)  Compound  Berry 
may  be  applied  to  Mulberry,  Raspberry,  Black-berry  and  each  of 
the  component  parts  is  an  acinus. 

Biennial  root.    Enduring  two  years  and  then  perishing.     (Biennis.) 

BiFARious  leaves.  Coming  out  only  on  opposite  sides  of  a  branch 
(Folia  bifaria.) 

Bifid,  two  cleft,  or  cloven.    (Bifidus.) 

BiGEMiNATE  leaf.  A  decompound  leaf,  having  a  dichotomous  or  for- 
ked petiole,  with  several  leaflets  at  the  end  of  each  division.  (Folium 
Bigeminuro.) 

BiJUGous  LEAT.  A  pinnate  leaf  having  two  pairs  of  leaflets.  (Fo- 
lium bijugum.) 

Bilabiate  or  two  lipped  Corolla.     (Corolla  bilabiata.) 

^iLAMELLATE  STIGMA.  The  form  of  q,  flattened  sphere  longitudi- 
nally bifid.     (Stigma  bilamellatum.) 

BiLOBATE  leaf.     Divided  into  two  lobes.     (Bilobatum.) 

BiPiNNATE  leaf.  When  the  common  petiole  has  pinnate  leaves  on 
each  side  of  it.     (Bipinnatum.) 

BiPiNNATiFiD  leaf.  When  the  common  petiole  has  pinnatifid  leaves 
on  each  side  of  it.     (Bipinnatifidum.) 

BiTERNATE — See  Ternate. 

BivALVED,  or  two  valved,  pericarp.  In  which  the  covering  or  seed 
case  splits  into  two  parts. 

Border  or  Brim.  The  upper  spreading  part  of  a  monopetalous  or 
one  petalled  corolla.     (Limbus.) 

Brachiate  stalk  or  stem.  Having  branches  stretched  out  like  arms, 
in  pairs,  decussated,  all  nearly  horizontal.     (Caulis  brachiatus.) 

Bractea  or  Floral  leaf.  A  leaf  different  from  other  leaves  in 
shape  and  colour,  and  often  so  near  the  corolla  as  to  be  mistaken  for 
the  calyx.     It  is  often  seated  on  the  peduncle. 

Bracteated.     Furnished  with  bracteas.     (Bracteatus.) 

Branched  stalk.  Furnished  with  lateral  divisions.  Opposed  to  sim- 
ple.    (Caulis  ramosus.) 

Branch-leaves.  Leaves  growing  on  the  branches,  sometimes  dif- 
fering from  those  of  the  stalk.     (Folia  ramea.) 

Bright.     Shining  as  it  were  illuminated.     (Lucidus.) 

Bristle.  A  species  of  pubescence  in  form  of  a  stiff  roundish  hair. 
(Seta.) 

Bulb. —  The  winter  receptacle  of  a  plant,  placed  immediately  on  the 
root.    Bulbs  are  either  solid,  scaly,  coated  or  jointed.     (Bulbus.) 


a 

BuLLATE  leaf.     When  the  substance  of  the  leaf  rises  hi{rh  above  tlit 

veins  so  as  to  appear  like  blisters.     It  is  only  the  wrinkled  leaf  in 

the  highest  degree.     (BuUatuin.) 
Caducous.     Falling  oft  quickly.     Applied  to  the  corolla  calyx,  leaf, 

stipule  and  bractea.     (Caducus.) 
Calvculate  calyx.    A  calyx  having  acalycle  or  little  cup  at  the  base 

on  the  outside  as  in  the  common  garden  pink.     (Calyculatus.) 
Campanulate,  corolla:  Swelling  out  without  forming  a  tube,  bill* 

shaped.     (Campanulata.) 
Calvx. — Tlie  outer  covering  of  the  flower. 
Canescent — See  Hoary. 

Capillary.     Lon^  anu  fine  like  a  hair.     (Capillaris  and  Capillaceus.) 
Capitate.     Growing  in  a  head.     (Capitatus.) 
Capsule.     A  membranaceous  hollow  pericarp  or  seed-vessel  opening 

in  some  determinate  manner.    (Capsula.) 
Carinate;  keeled, 
Cell. — The  hollow  part  of  a  pericarp  or  capsule,  in  which  the  seed 

are  lodged.     (Locuiamentum.) 
Cernuous.     See  Drooping. 

Cespitose  plant.  Having  many  stems  from  the  same  root.  (Cespitosa.) 
Chaff.     A  dry  membranaceous  body  interposed  between  florets  in 

some  plants  of  the  class  syngenesia.     (Palea.) 
Chafkv  receptacle.     In  which  florets  are  divided  by  interposed  chaff 

or  scales.     (Receptaculum  paleaceum.) 
Channilled.     Hollowed  above  with  a  deep  longitudinal  channel  or 

groove  and  convex  underneath.     (Canaliculatus.) 
Chinked.     Applied  to  the  outer  bark  of  some  trees.     (Rimosus.) 
CiLiATE  leaf.     The  edge   guarded  by  parallel  bristles   resembling 

eyelashes.     (Folium  ciliatum.) 
CiRcuMscissED  CAPSULE.     Opening  transversely  or  horizontally  like 

a  snuft-box.     (Capsula  circumscissa.) 
Clavatk,  clubshaped.     Growing  gradually  thicker  towards  the  top. 

(Clavatus.) 
Claw. — The  lower  narrow  part  of  a  petal  in  a  polypetalous  corolla, 

by  which  it  is  fixed  to  the  receptacle.     (Unguis.) 
Clawed  petal.     A  petal  with  a  claw.     (Petalum  unguiculatum.) 
Clefx  leaf.     Divided  by  linear  sinuses  with  straight  mary;ins,  and 

according  to  the  number  of  such  divisions,  a  leaf  is  called  bitld,  trifid, 

&,c.  or  two  cleft,  three  cleft,  &c.     (Folium  fissum.) 
CoccuM.     A  fruit  of  a  particular  structure,  having  several  cells  with 

a  single  seed  in  each.     Thus  euphorbia  has  a  tricoccous  fruit  or 

three  grained. 
Coloured  leaf.     Of  any  other  colour  than  ffreen.     (Coloratus.) 
Columella.     The  central  pillar  of  a  capsule  rwiviug  the  seeds  affixed 

ed  to  it  all  round. 
Columnar.     Like  the   shaft  of  a  column,  without  angles,  round. 

(Columnaris.) 
Complicate.     Folded  together.     (Complicatus.) 
Compound  flower.     See  Flower. 
Compressed  or  flattened.     Applied  to  a  stem  which  has  two  opposite 

sides  flat.    (Comprcs^us.) 


Concave  leaf.  When  the  edge  is  elevated  above  the  rest  of  the 
leaf,  forming  a  segment  of  the  periphery  of  a  circle.     (Concavum.) 

Conglomerate  flowers  or  peduncles.  When  a  branching  peduncle 
bears  flowers  on  very  short  pedicels  closely  heaped  together  without 
order.     (Conglomeratus.) 

Conjugate  leaf.  A  pinnate  leaf  which  has  only  one  pair  of  leaflets. 
(Folium  conjugatum.) 

Conjugate  Raceme  :  Having  two  racemes  only,  united  by  a  common 
peduncle. 

Connate  leaf  When  two  opposite  leaves  are  so  united  at  theif 
bases  as  to  have  the  appearance  of  one  leaf.     (Connatum.) 

Connivent  or  converging  corolla.  When  the  tips  of  the  petals  meet 
so  as  to  close  the  flower.     (Connivens.) 

Contorted  Corolla.  When  the  edge  of  one  petal  lies  over  the 
next  obliquely.     (Contorta.) 

Contracted  panicle.  Close  and  narrow,  so  as  nearly  to  resemble  a, 
spike.     (Contracta.) 

Convex  leaf.     Opposed  to  a  concave  leaf.     (Convexum.) 

Cordate  or  heart-shaped  leaves.     (Folium  cordatum.) 

Cordate-oblong.  A  heart-shaped  leaf  lengthened  out^*  (Cordato- 
oblongum.) 

Cordate-Lanceolate,  Cordate-Sagittate,  &c.  partaking  of  the 
form  of  both  leaves. 

Coriaceous.     Stiff'  like  leather  or  parchment. 

Corolla.  The  second  of  the  seven  parts  of  fructification ;  or,  the 
inner  covering  of  the  flower,  formed,  according  to  Linnaeus,  of  the 
liber  or  inner  bark  of  the  plant. 

It  may  commonly  be  distinguished  from  the  perianth,  by  the  fine- 
Dcss  of  its  texture  and  the  gayness  of  its  colours:  whereas  the  pe- 
rianth is  usually  rougher  and  thicker,  and  green.  But  tliere  are 
many  exceptions;  the  perianth  in  Bartsia  is  coloured — the  corolla 
in  Daphne  Laureola  is  green. — Linnseiis  makes  the  distinction  be- 
tween the  corolla  and  jjerinnth  to  consist,  in  the  former  having  its 
'  segments  or  petals  alternate  with  the  stamens;  whereas  the  latter 
has  its  parts  or  leaflets  opposite  to  them.  This  appears  from  the 
inspection  of  the  classes  Tetrandria  and  Pentandria,  in  flowers 
which  have  both  parts;  and  of  Chenopodimn,  Urtica,  ParietariUf 
which  have  no  Corolla.     See  Philos.  Bot.  page  57,  §  90. 

Adanson  however  observes,  that  in  the  Liliaceous  plants,  what  is 
called  a  corolla  is  in  reality  a  perianth,  according  to  the  principles 
of  Linnfeus.  That  part  which  is  named  corolla  of  Rhamnus,  in 
Lin.  Gen.  is  called  calyx  in  Syst.  Veget. — and  on  the  contrary,  the 
calvxor  perianth  of  Polygonum  in  Lin.  Gew.isthecorollain  Syst.  Veg: 
To  get  rid  of  the  djfiiculty,  which  sometimes  occurs  in  dis- 
tinguishing the  Corolla  from  the  calyx,  De  Necker  has  cut  the  knot, 
and  called  them  by  one  name,  Ferigynandra ;  which  signifies  the 
envellope,  cover  or  wrapper  of  the  stamens  and  pistils;  tins  he  dis» 
tinguishcs  into  inner  and  outer,  when  there  are  two — then  the  first 
is  the  corolla,  and  the  second  the  perianth. 

Corymb.  A  mode  of  flowering  in  which  the  peduncles  or  foot-stalks 
of  tlie  flowers  take  their  rise  from  dilierent  heights ;  but  the  loM'elr 


9 

omes  being  longer,  they  all  form  nearly  an  even  surface  dt  top; 

(Corymbus.) 
Creeping  root.      Extending  horizontally,  and  putting  forth    ril)rcs 

and  fjrmlucing  young  plants  at  a  distance  from  the  parent  plants 

(Radix  repcns.) 
Crenate,  scolloped,  or  notched  leaf.  Havingthe  edge  cut  uitli  circular 

incisures  not  incliniiii;  toward.-,  either  extremity.   (Koliuiu  creiiiitum.) 
Chested.     Having  an  appen(la;;e  like  a  crost  or  tuft.     (Cristatus.) 
CtrcuLLATE  SpatJie  or  leaf.     Hulled  up,  wide  at  top  and  open  with  a 

pendent  process.     (Spatha  cucullata.) 
Culm.     The  stalk  or  stem  of  grasses,  usually  jointed  and  hollow. 

(Culuius.) 
Cuspidate  leaf.     Terminating  in  a  sharp  bristle-like  point.     (Cus- 

pidatum.) 
CvME.     A  mode  of  flowering  in  which  the  peduncles  take  tl'eir  rise 

from  the  same  centre;  but  tiie  subdivisions  are  irregular.     (Cyina.) 
Deciduous  leaf.     Falling  off  in  autumn.     Calyx  or  perianth:  tailing 

after  the  corolla  opens.     (Deciduum.) 
Declining    stem   or   leaf.       Bent    downwards  forming  an  arch  or 

curve.     (Declinatus.) 
Decompound   leaf.     When  the  primary  petiole  is  so   divided    t'.at 

each  part  forms  a  compound  leaf  which  is  either  bigeminate,  biter- 

nate  or  bipinnate.     (Folium  decoinpositum.) — 
Decumbent  flower.     Having  the  stamens  and  pistils  bending  to  the 

lower  side  of  it. 

Stalk:    lying  on  the  ground  with  the  base  higher  than  the  other 

parts.     (Decuinbens.) 
Decurrent  leaf.     A  sessile   leaf  having  its  edges  continued  down- 
wards aloni;  the  stem.     (Folium  «l»'currens.) 
Decursively   pinnate  leaf.     Having  the  leaflets  decurrent   along 

the  petiole.     (Folium  decursivc  piniiatum.) 
Decussated  leaves  and    branches.     Growing  in  pairs  which  alter- 
nately cross  each  other,     (l)ecussatus.) 
Deltoid  leaf.     Has  the  general  appearance  of  a  triangle  or  the  letter 

Delta.     (U.ltoideum.) 
Dense  panicle.     Having  a  great  number  of  flowers,  crowded  in   a 

panicle.     (Hanicula  densa.) 
Dentate  or  toothed  leaf:    Having  projecting,  horizontal  teeth  of  its 

own  substance.     (Folium  duiitaium.) 
Denticulate  leaf:  Having  small  teeth.     (Denticulatum.) 
DicHOTOMOus  stem.     Continually  and  regularly  dividing   by  pairs 

from  top  to  bottom.     ^Dichotomus.) 
Dirorcous.     Sec  Coccum. 
DiuvMous,  double  or  twin.     AVlien  two    lobes  are   nearly    distinct 

but  pxactly  similar  to  each  other — irtMierally  applied  to  antliers. 
Diffused  stem.  Having  spreading  branches.  (Caulis  <litVusus.) 
DiGiTA  rE  leaf.     W  hen  a  simple  petiole  connects  several  distinct 

leaflets  at  the  end  of  it.     (Folium  digitaUim.) 
Dioecious  plant.     Having  fertile  flowers  on  one  individual  and  barren 

on  another.     (IManta  dioica.1 
DissiLii.NT  pericarp.      A  bursting  or  clastic   secd-Vesscl  or  fruit; 

(Dissiliens.^ 


6 

DisTioHous.    Two  rowed;  flowers  or  leaves  on  opposite  sides  of  6 

peduncle  or  stem. 
Divaricate  panicle;  when  the  pedicels  form  an  obtuse  angle  with 

the  main  peduncle.     (Panicula  divaricata.) 
Diverging  branches:    Making  a  right  angle  with  the  stem.     (Rami 

divergentes.) 
Dorsal  awn.    Fixed  to  the  back  or  outer  side  of  the  glume.     (Arista 

dorsalis.) 
Dotted  leaf.    Covered  with  boUovv  dots.     (Folium  punctatum.) 
Downy.     See  Tomentose. 

Drooping.     The  top  or  end  pointing  to  the  ground.     (Cei'nuus.) 
Drupe.    A  pulpy  pericarp  or  fruit  without  valves,  containing  a  nut 

or  kernel.     (Drupa.) 
Echinate  pericarp  or  seed-vessel.    Beset  with  prickles  like  a  hedge- 
hog.    (Echinatum.) 
Elliptic  leaf.     Lanceolate  but  with  the  breadth  of  an  ovate  leaf, 

more  oblong  than  the  oval  leaf.     (Folium  ellipticum.) 
Emarginate.     Notched  at  the  end.     (Eraarginatus.) 
Ensikorm  leaf.     Sword  shaped;  two  edged,  tapering  from  the  base  to 

the  point.     (Folium  ensiforme.) 
Entire  leaf.     Undivided  without  anj  sinus  or  opening  on  the  edge. 

(Folium  integrum.) 
EquAL.    A  calyx  or  corolla  is  said  to  be  equal  when  the  parte  are  of 

the  same  size  and  figure,     (vii^qualis.) 
ExPLANATE.     Spread  out,  flat.     (Explanatus.) 
Exsert-stamens.    Protruded  Stamens  or  anthers  are  those  appearing 

above  the  corolla.     (Exsertus.) 
Fascicle.     A  mode  of  flowering  in  which  several  upright,  parallel, 

fastigiate,  approximating  flowers  are  collected  together.     (Fasci- 
culus.) 
Fascicled  leaves.    Growing  in  bundles  or  bunches  from  the   same 

point.     Folia  fasciculata.) 
Fastigiate  stem.     Having  branches  of  an  equal  height. 

Peduncles.    Elevating  flowers  in  branches  so  that  they  are  all  of 

an  equal  height.     (Fastigiatus.) 
Faux  or  mouth.     The  opening  of  the  tube  of  the  Corolla. 
Fimbriate — fringed.     Generally  applied    to  the  corolla:   differing 

from  ciliate,in  which  the  margin  is  guarded  by  bristles  distinct  from 

the  substance  of  the  leaf;  in  a  fimbriate  corolla  the  margin  is  fring* 

ed  by  segments  of  its  own  substance. 
Feathery.     See  Plumose. 
Filament.    The  thread-like  part  of  the  stamen  supporting  the  anther^* 

(Filamentum.) 
Fistulous  stem.     Hollow.     (Fistulosus.) 
Fleshy  leaf.     Full  of  pulp  within.     (Carnosum.) 
Flexuose  stem.     Changing  its  direction  in  a  curve  from  joint  to  joint 

or  bud  to  bud,  &c.     (Flexuosus.) 
Floret.    The  separate  or  partial  little  flower  of  compound  flowers. 

(Flosculus.) 
Flower.    When  complete,  consists  of  calyx,  coi'oUa,  stamen,  and 

pistil;  but  the  essntial  parts  are  anther  and  stigma.    (Flos.) 


Floweu  compound.  (Flos  compositus)  contains  several  floretx, 
inclosed  in  a  common  perianth,  and  on  a  common  rcccpuicle  witli 
the  antliers  forming  a  tube. 

FoLLici-E.  A  pericarp  or  seed-vessel  of  one  valve,  opening  on  one 
side  longitudinally.     (FoUiculus.) 

FnuTEscENT.     See  Shrubby. 

FuuRowED  stem.  Marked  with  deep  broad  channels  longitudinally. 
(Sulcatus.) 

GEKfcuLATi  or  having  knees.  Applied  to  a  stem,  peduncle  or  awn, 
forming  an  obtuse  angle  at  the  joints,  as  when  the  knee  is  a  little 
bent.  The  deviations  are  angular,  whereas  in  the  flexuose  stem 
they  are  curved.     (Geniculatus.) 

Germen,  ovarium  or  seed-bud.  The  rudiment  of  the  fruit  yet  in  em- 
bryo; the  base  of  the  pistil.  Germen  superior  when  included 
"witliin  the  corolla;  but  when  placed  below  the  corolla,  inferior. 
(Germen.) 

Glandulau  leaf  is  that  which  has  glands  either  on  the  surface,  or  oa 
the  serratures.     (Glandulosum.) 

Glaucous— pale  green;  sea  green.     (Folium  glaucum.) 

Glomerate  spike.  Having  the  component  spikes  variously  heaped 
to<£ether. 

fc  Panicle.  The  flowers  growing  close  together  in  a  globular  fornt, 
(Glomeratus.) 

Glume.  The  calyx  or  corolla  of  grasses,  formed  of  valves  embrac- 
ing the  flower  and  seed.     (Gluma.) 

Habit  of  Plants.  Their  general  external  appearance  and  mode  of 
growth.     (Habitus ) 

Halved  head.  Hemispherical:  round  on  one  side  and  flat  on  the 
other:  a  spathc  is  halved  when  it  invests  the  fructification  on  one 
side  only.     (Dimidiatus.) 

HANOiNoleaf.     Pointing  directly  to  the  ground.     (Dependens.) 

Hastate  leaf.  Re^^embling  the  head  of  a  halbort.  Triangular,  hol- 
lowed at  the  base  and  ou  the  sides,  with  angles  spreading.  (Foli- 
um hastatum.) 

Head.  A  mode  of  flowering  in  which  several  flowers  form  a  kind  of 
ball.     (Capitulum.) 

Heart-shaped  leaf.     See  Cortlate. 

Hirsute.  Rough  with  hair.  Having  more  bristles  or  hairs  tl^an  His- 
pid but  less  stiff.     (Hirsutus.) 

Hispid.     Beset  with  stiff"  bristles.     (Hispidus.) 

Hoary  leaf.     Covered  with  a  white  pubescence.     (Incanum.) 

Horizontal  leaf.  Making  a  right  angle  with  the  stem.    ( Horizon  tale.) 

HvpocRATEuiFonii  corolla.  Monopetalous,  with  the  border  s))iead- 
ing  out  horizontally  or  flat  from  the  tube:  Salvcr-sliapcd.  (Hypo- 
crateriformis.) 

Imbricate — tiled,  laying  ov«r  each  other  like  the  shingles  or  tiles, 
on  the  roof  of  a  house. 

Imperfect  flower.  Destitute  of  either  anther  or  stigma.  May  this 
not  be  synonymous  with  Barren  flower.     (Flos  imperfectus.) 

Incised  leaf.  Having  the  sections  or  divisions  usuallv  4leternnnnle  i« 
their  number;  or  at  Icagt  more  so  than  in  tlic  laciniate  leaf.  (Foli- 
um incisum.) 


8 

luCLUiJiNG  calyx.  Shutting  up  and  concealing  the  corolla.  (IncliP' 
dens.) 

Incomplete  flower.  Destitute  of  either  calyx  or  corolla.  (Flos  in- 
completus.) 

Incrassate  peduncle.  Thickening  or  becoming  thicker  towards 
the  flower.     (Incrassatns.) 

Incumbknt.     Leaning  upon  or  resting  against.     (Incumbens.) 

Inferior  perianth.  Inclosing  the  germen;  or,  having  the  germen 
above  the  receptacle — 

Germ.     Placed  below  the  perianth.     An  inferior  perianth  implies 
a  superior  germ-     (Inferum.l 

Inflected.     Bentinwards,  at  the  end,  towards  the  stem.     (Inflexus.) 

Inflorescence.     Mode  of  bearing  flowers.     (Inflorescentia.) 

Internode.  The  space  between  knot  and  knot  or  joint  and  joint.- 
(Internodiuni.) 

Interrupted  spike.  Divided  by  intervals  of  smaller  flowers  or  by" 
intervals  destitute  of  smaller  flowers.     (Spica  interrupta.) 

Interruptedly-pinnaie  leaf.  Having  smaller  leaflets  between 
each  pair  of  larger  ones.      Interrupte-pinnatum.) 

Involucrum  a  calyx  remote  from  the  flower;  sometimes  placed  be- 
neath a  single  flower,  but  often  including  many  flowers  with  their 
proper  calyxes, — (Involucrum.) 

Involuci  ll.     a  small  involucrum.     (Involucellum.) 

Keel.  The  lower  petal  of  a  papilionaceous  flower,  inclosing  the 
stamens  and  pistil:  usually  shaped  like  a  boat.     (Carina.) 

Kidney-shapkd  leaf.  Roundish,  and  hollow  at  the  base  without  an- 
gles.    (Reniforme.) 

Knot.  A  protuberant  joint  in  the  stem  of  some  plants  particularly 
grasses  and  corn.     (Nodus.) 

Lacinia;  a  segment.  Any  part  into  which  the  border  of  a  monope* 
talous  corolla  is  cut.  It  is  applied  also  to  a  monophyllous  or  sin- 
gle leafed  calyx.     (Monophyllum  ) 

Laciniatf.  leaf.     Irregularly  cut  or  divided.     (Laciniatum.) 

Lacunosv'  or  pitted  leaf.  The  surface  depressed  between  the  veins.- 
Opposed  to  wrinkled.      (Lacunosum.) 

Lanc  olatk  leaf.  Oblong  and  gradually  tapering  towards  each  ex- 
tremity.    Lance-shaped.     (Lanceolatum.,^ 

Lanc'olati- -ovate  leaf.  Pai-taking  of  both  forms,  but  inclining 
more  to  the  latter.  In  these  compound  words  the  latter  is  always 
supposed  most  characteristic.) 

Leaflets.     The  small  leaves  in  a  compound  leaf.     (Foliola.) 

Li'.GUMEN.  A  seed-vessel  of  two  valves,  in  which  the  seeds  are  fixed 
along  one  suture  only.     Pea-pod  or  shell — 

LiouLATE  flower.  A  species  of  compound  flower  in  which  the  florets 
have  their  diminutive  corollas  'corollules  or  corollets'  flat,  spreading 
out  towards  the  end,  w-ith  the  base  only  tubular     (Flos  ligulatus.) 

LiNEAR-leaf.  Of  the  same  breadth  throughout,  except  sometimes  at 
one  or  both  ends.     (Lineare.) 

Li  :eate  leaf.  The  surface  sliglitly  marked  longitudinally  with  de- 
pressed parallel  lines.     (Lineatum.) 

Lip.     See  Ringent. 

Lobe.    The  part  into  which  some  simple  leaves  are  divided— (Lobus.) 


SIvETCII  OF  THE  BOTxlNY 


*» 


@<»ttt9=^(tWfttt4  41tt>  ^^Ot{Ji4. 


vwvwwwvwwvwwwwvwvw 


CLASS  I- 

1.  C\NV\, 

2.  TH\LTA 

3.  SALICORNIA, 


DIGYJVIJ, 
4.  CALLITHICHB. 

-vwv^rvwvwvvwvwvw    * 


CANNA.     Gen.  pl.  1. 


Anthera  simplex,  fila- 
menti  niargini  adnata. 
Stijlns  crassus,  clavitbrru- 
is.  S/i^/;iGol)tusum.  Cap. 
sula  3-lociilaris  Semina 
globosa,  nunierosa. 

1.  Flacmida. 

C.  corolla3  liniho  inte- 
riore  tritido  ;  laciniis  llac- 
cidis. 

Roscne,  Trans.  I.inn.  Soc.  8.  p. 
Canna  (;lauca,  var.  b.  jlaccida 
C.  ansustifolia  r  Walt.  fl.  Car 


Mther  simple,  attached 
to  the  margin  of  the  fila- 
ment. Stifle  thick,  cluh- 
shaped.  Stigma  obtuse. 
Capsule  3  celled.  Seed 
globose,  numerous. 

Interior  limb  of  the  co^ 
rolla  three  cleft :  sea*- 
ments  Haccid. 

.  .330.     Pursh,  tlor.  .Vmer.  2.  p.  585^ 
,8]).  pl.  l.p.  4. 
.  p.  j9. 

A 


^ 


MONANDRlA  MONOGYNTA, 


Root  perennial,  creepina;.  Stem  herbacecous,  terete,  2^3  feethl^h^ 
very  sniootli.  Leaves  alternate,  larjje,  iariceoliite,  very  acute,  mem- 
branaceous, entire,  smooth,  teriiiinatin;;  at  the  base  in  a  sheath  general- 
ly longer  than  t!ie  joints  of  the  stem;  ujjper  leaves  only  a  sheath.  Flow- 
ers few  ill  a  terminal  spike.  Bractea  a.ii  obtuse,  ovate  scale,  surround- 
ini:  the  base  of  the  germ.  Cah/.v  three-leaved,  superior;  leaves  lan- 
ceolate,acute, appressed  to  the  tube  of  the  corolla.  Corolla  one-petalled, 
yellow;  tube  cylindrical,  thrice  as  long  as  the  calyx;  margin  sixpart- 
ed:  the  t  ree  exterior  segments  lanceolate,  acute,  equal,  reflexed;  two 
inner  ones  nbovate,  reflexed,  undulate,  flaccid;  tlie  interior  petal,  v  ry 
large,  nearly  round,  margin  reflexed,  undulate,  flacid.  A''ectary^  re- 
sembling a  petal,  2  parted;  outer  segment  resembling  the  inner  seg- 
ments of  the  corolla:  inner  segment  resembling  the  interior  segment 
of  the  corolla,  but  narrower,  eiect,  undulate.  Filament  o.  Anther  ob- 
long, whitish,  furrowed,  attached  1o  tlie  interior  segment  of  the  nec- 
tary, which  performs  the  functions  ot  a  filament.  Germ  round,  sca- 
brous. Stijle  sword  shaped,  dilated  near  the  summit,  inserted  into  the 
tube  of  the  corolla.  Stigma  linear,  attached  to  the  margin  of  the 
style,  a  little  involute.  Capsule,  globose,  scabrous,  3-celled,S-valved. 
Heed  globose,  many  in  eaeh  cell. 

Grows  in  wet  soils,  around  ponds;  Paris  Island,  near  Beaufort  j 
Catham  Co.  Georgia. 

Flowers  May — July.  Large-jlowered  Cimna, 


THALIA.     Gen.  pl.  \0. 


Jinthera^m\\i\e\^  ovata. 
filamento  proprio  depres- 
so  innixa.  Stylus  bre- 
vis,  ab  anthera  deilexus. 
Stigma  perforatum,  rin- 
geiis.  Capsula  2-locularis. 
1.  Dealb  ta. 
T.  bractea  bi flora  ; 
scapo  arundinaceo,  pul- 
vei  uJento ;  foliis  apice  re- 
\(>lulis.  Roscoe,  Tians. 
Lin.  Soc.  8.  p.  3-*0. 


Anthf^r  simple,  ovate^ 
inserted  into  its  own  de- 
pressed lilament.  Stiile 
sbort,  bent  from  the  an- 
ther. iSl'igma  peitorate,, 
liitgent.  Vupside  ^'Ct\\k^{}L, 

Bractea  two-flowered  ; 
scape  reed- like  and  with 
the  panicle  powdered  ; 
leaves  revolutc  at  tiie 
summit. 

Pursh,  2.  p.  584. 

Hoot  perennial.  Leaves  radical,  distichous,  cordate-ovate,  acute,- 
Tviucronate,  entire,  ribbed,  glabrous,  slightly  sprinkled  vvitli  a  white 
dust,  6 — 9  inches  long,  3 — 5  \\ide;  petioles  12 — 24  inches  long,  near 
the  summit  terete,  smooth,  powdered,  at  base  alternately  sheathing 
tlie  scape.  FUnvers  in  a  terminal  panicle.  Scape  erect,  columnar, 
joiuteeif  3 — 5  feet  higlu     /^et/MKc/eo,  some wliat  terete,  glabroua,geni- 


BIONANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


filiate,  ftpparently  jointed.  InvulKcrum  at  each  joint  many  leivpH; 
K'u\cs  ol)l(H)^;,  laiucolute,  acuto,  mM-\(tsi',  |^Iat>ntus,  deciduous;  tiie 
2  lower,  as  lony;  as  tl>e  panicle  :  upper  ones  »niall.  liractpa,  s|)atliak 
ceous,  t\M)-llo\veiet),  sessile, 'i-leaved,  ct>riaceous ;  outer  leaf  lan;er» 
ovate,  acute,  ulabrous  without,  dow  t»y  on  the  inner  surface  ;  sheatiiiag 
tlie  inner  leaf;  the  bractea  w  ith  every  part  of  tne  panicle  almti**  covercil 
w  ith  a  wliite  powder.  Cdhf.v  3-leaved  ;  leaflets  ovate-lanceolate,  acute, 
concave,  nearly  eipial,  small,  purple.*  ComHu  1  petalled,  six  jiatt- 
ed,  purple;  tlie  5  exterior  segments  obovate,  obtuse,  ctpial ;  the  4th 
louder,  obovate,  rii^id,  tajierinir  ut  base,  with  the  in..ru;in  roundeil, 
cmariiifiate ;  the  ath  Literal,  somewhat  lalcate,  aiii^led  in  ihc  niirhlte, 
clawed  at  base;  the  6i\\  lateral,  similar  to  the  precedin;:,  but  witli 
two  setaceous  processes  at  the  an^le.  JS'ectavi/ /  resembling  a  petal, 
i2  parted;  the  exterior  seijinent  larjre.  concave,  riiiid,  truncate  with  a 
sack  at  one  tnaile;  the  interior  segment  filiform,  as  loMy;asthe  petals, 
witli  the  summit  inflexed,  serviiijr  as  ».  filament,  jhitfii^r  lateral,  one 
c  lied,  derm  beneath,  obovate,  very  smooth.  /SYy/c  thick,  sjiii.il. 
S  ix^tm  larne,  concave,  (perforate,)  iidlected.  with  the  lower  marain 
(Ii|>r)  elongated.  JVut  .^  globose,  one  celled,  the  shell  flexible,  mem- 
branous. 

(irosNS  in  damp  soils,  first  discovered  bv  Mr.  John  Fraser,  near 
Jacksonborough,  South-Carolina,  t'ien  ost  to  our  Hotanists,  but  after- 
wards foumi  by  Mr.  Aiiddleton,  near  Midillelon  place,  Ashby  Iliver, 
in  ;:;reat  ai)undance.  Seen  by  Dr.  Baldwin  near  it.  Mary's,  (ieurgia, 
and  bv  me  on  James  Island. 

Flowers  June — September.  Powdered  Tliulia, 


SALICORXU.     Gen.  pl.  14. 


Cr/?^.rvcntriculosus.  in- 
teger. Corolla  o.  Scnieji 
1. 

1.  Herbacea. 

S.  annua,  erecta,  ra- 
mosa  ;  articulis  apice 
einarginatis;  spicis  oppo- 
siiis,  axillaril)us ;  calycc 
truncalo.     E. 


Calyx  ventricose,  en- 
tire.     Corolla  o.  Seed  i. 


Annual,  erect,  branch- 
ing; joints  notched  at  iho 
summits;  spikes  opposite, 
axillary;  calyx  truncate. 


Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  23.  Mich.  1.  p.  1.  Clavton,p.  1.  Bigelow,  p.  2.  Pursli, 
1.  p.  2. 


•  I  have  detcribed  the  corolla  and  nectarium  of  (his  pl.int  with  soir**  refer* 
ence  to  the  Canna.  It  apptars  ho^cvi-r  .s  it'  the  >  outer  sp;,nunts  wi-ic  ds'mrt 
pptxls.  whilr  thr  rmirth,  fillh,  aixih,  and  bipartite  neciwy  supporting  tlie  anllier, 
adlicre  firmly  at  buic. 


^ 


MONANDRIA  MONOGYNIA* 


Roof  annual,  somewhat  fusiform.  Stem  much  branched,  about  18 
Inches  hi»li,  jointeil,  succulent:  joints  concave,  2  toothed  :  teetli  acite, 
somewhat  mucronate.  Flowers  3,  sessile,  under  each  summit  of  the 
tipper  joints,  rcrfj/a"  thick,  truncate,  somewhat  3  sided,  1  leared,  split- 
ting on  one  side.  Filaments  2,  longer  than  the  calyx,  subulate,  trans- 
parent, •  light!  y  striate,  1  before,  1  behind  the  germ,  expanding  at  dif- 
lerent  times,  the  interior  one  first,  (thence  considered  nionandrous.) 
Jinthers  erect,  two  lobed,  two  cleft  at  base,  yellow.  Germ  abuvef 
compressed,  oblong-ovate.     Style  o.     Stigmas  2,  glandular. 

Grows  on  the  inundated  shores  of  the  ocean. 

Flowers  chiefly  in  August.  Herbaceous  Salicorniw* 


2.  Ambigua.     Mich. 
S.  perennis,   procum- 
bens,   ramosa 


parvis,  lunaiis; 


Perennial,  procumhentj 
branching ;  joints  cres- 
cent-shaped, small;  spikes 
opposite  and  alternate  ;f 
calyx  truncate. 


articulis 
spicis  op- 
positis,  alternisque ;  ca- 
lyce  truncato.     E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  2.     Pursh,  1.  p.  3  f 

Boot  fibrous,  creeping.    Stem  procumbent  and  ascendins,     Floivers^ 
9aly.T,  filaments,   as    in    the  preceeding.     Jinthers  purplish  yellow. 
Germ  short,  ovate.     Stijles  2,  or  0.     Stigmas  2,  obtuse,  glandular. 
Grows  on  the  sands  overflowed  by  salt  water.  ^  erj  common* 

iPlowers  July — September.  Shrubby  Salicomia 


CALLITRICHE.     Gen.  pl.  17. 


Calyx o.  Petala^.  Cap- 
mla  2  locularis,  4sperma. 


Calyx  0.  Petals  2.  Cap* 
side  2  celled,  4  seeded. 


1.  Heterophylla.     Pursh. 


Leaves  linear,  obtuse, 
half  embracing  the  stem, 
upper  ones  spathulate  j 
flowers  hermaphrodite. 


C.  fohis  linearibus, 
obtusis,  semi-amplexicau- 
libus,  supremis  paulo  spa- 
thulatis ;  floribus  andro- 
gynis.     E. 

C.  verna,  Pursh,  1.  p.  5.   Walt.  p.  59.  Mich.  1  p.  2. 
C.  aquatica.  Big.  p.  2. 

Soot  fibrous.  Stem  procumoent,  creeping  or  floating,  round,  smooth* 
Leaves  opposite,  sessile,  entire,  dotted;  immersed  leaves  linear:  float- 
ing leaves  spathulate.  i'You'ers  solitary,  axillary,  sessile.  Pefa/s  lan- 
ceolate, white,  persistent:  at  first  twice  as  long  as  the  germ,  but 
smaller  tlian  the  ripening  capsule.     Filament  1,  attached  to  the  base  of 


'MONANDRIA  MONOCYNlA.  5 

the  SPrm,  sliorfor  than  (he  tronn,  suhulato.  .Anther  orccL,  2  celled,  ra- 
<lucoiH.  Genn  suporior.  at  first  (]uaiirai)i;ul;>r,  then  compressed,  emar- 
jtinate,  furrowed.  Sti/les  il,  lonu;er  than  tl\e  petals,  subulate,  persis- 
tetit.  >i7j;j-mns- simple,  acute.  Tfl/js///^  compressed.  4  celled  ?  Seeds 
1  in  each  cell,  reniform       (Seeils  4,  nuked.     Smith  fl.  Brit.) 

Grows  in  s'laMow  wator.  and  in  boft  muddy  soils. 

Flowers  March — April.  Spring  Callitrichei 


^M^  V%>%  X^/N  \^/V\^^  X'WW^  VX/V  W^  W W%« 


CLASS  11- 


liRJAJ\'DRU  MO.yOGTXTA. 


s 

OT.FK. 

\7 

ly:opus. 

6 

ruiOWTTHUS. 

18 

CUNIIA 

7 

f  IR'  T,  \ 

1^ 

HHOKOMA. 

8 

VKR  »\[     v. 

20 

MON\U;)\. 

9. 

•lUSTI    I  \ 

21 

S\LV1\ 

10 

Kl  V  '{  \RI\.. 

22. 

COLLINSOXTA. 

11 

<;r  .  rioi.  V. 

\i 

IIXnv.KMV. 

1'. 

Ml    TT  »N  niKMUM. 

DIGT^'M. 

14 

piN(;ricii,\ 

1^ 

UriM    Ul.VKIA. 

2.T 

AVTHOXAXTHUM'. 

16. 

CA I ALPA. 

24 

EKIANIULS. 

OLEA.     Gen.  pl.  25. 


Corolla  4  cleft ; 
mcnts   ovale.     Drupe 
seeded. 


seg. 


Corolla  4-ri'la :  laciniis 
siibovatis.  Drupa  niono- 
spenua. 

1.  AMnnicANA. 

O.  foliis  lanceolatis,  el- 
lipticis,  iiitegernniis  ;  ra- 
cemis  an2;ustatis ;  brac- 
teis  omnibus  persistenli- 
biis,  connatis,  parvis.  Sp. 
pi.  1.  p.  45. 

Valt.  p.  240.     Mich.  2.  p.  222.     Pursh,  1.  p.  7. 

A  small,  beautiful,  tree  12 — 20  {et^i  hi^h.  /-fcrrfs  opposite,  nomc* 
timeu  oi>o\ate,  lucid,  coriaceous,  perennial,  kloictn  in  iiun^  paiii* 
Guiated  raceines)  fraj^raut.     trait  austere. 


Leaves  lanceolate,  ellip- 
tic, entire ;  racemes  com- 
pressed ;  all  tbe  biacteas 
persistent,  connate,  sniall. 


6 


DRIANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


Our  species  of  Olea  is  dioicous  ;  but  as  the  foreign  species  are  gen* 
erally  polygamous,  the  genus  has  been  retained  in  this  class. 

Grows  in  rich  light  soils  along  the  sea-coast  of  Carolina  and  Geor« 
gia.     Rarely  found  60  miles  from  the  ocean. 

Flowers  April — May.  American  Olive, 


CHIONANTHUS.     Gen.  pl.  26. 


Corolla  4-fida ;  laciniis 
longissimis.  Drupce  nu- 
cleus striatus. 

1.  Virgin  icA. 

C.  panicula  terminali, 
tiifi'ia  ;  pedunculis  tri^lo- 
ris  ;  foliis  acutis.  Sp.  pl, 
1,  p.  46, 


seg- 


CoroUa  4  cleft  : 
ments  very  long.    J^iit  of 
the  drupe  striated. 

Panicle  terminal.  3  cleft ; 
Peduncles  3  flowered  ; 
leaves  acute. 


Walt.  p.  60.     Mich.  1.  p.  3.     Clayton,  p.  1.     Pursh,  1.  p.  7. 

A  beautiful  shrub,  from  2 — 10  feet  high,  with  numerous  opposite 
branches,  glabrous.  Leaves  opposite,  lanceolate,  entire,  nitid  on  the 
Upper  surface,  deciduous.  Panicle  terminal,  composed  of  opposite 
branches,  with  2  or  3  pair  of  oval  bracteal  leaves  ;  the  terminating 
peduncles  3  flowered,  t  ubjx  very  minute,  4  cleft,  persistent.  Seg- 
ments of  the  corolla  linear,  pendulous,  white.  Utamens  and  Htyle 
scarcely  longer  than  the  calvx. 

1  have  seen  in  the  garden  of  Mr.  Champneys,  a  variety  of  this  plant 
with  panicles  so  long  titat  they  became  cylindrical. 

Grovvs  in  the  low  country  in  damp  soils;  in  tin*  upper  countiy  I 
have  generully  seen  it  in  such  as  were  dry  and  fertile. 

Flowers  April.  Fringe  I'ree.     Virginian  Chionanthus. 

White  Ash.     Old  Man''s  Beard. 

Tlie  root  is  used  in  the  form  of  infusion,  as  a  remedy  in  long  stand* 
ing  intermittents  and  other  chrunic  diseases. 


CIRC^A.     Gen.  pl.  SI. 


Corof?(2  dipetala.  Calyv 
4-ph>  llys,  superus.  Cap- 
sula  bilocularis,  non  de- 
iMscens  ;  loculis  mono- 
speniiis. 


Corolla  2  petalled.  Ca- 
lyx 2  leaved  superior. 
Capsule  2  celled,  not  o- 
pening  j  cells  one  seeded. 


DRT\NnR]\    MONOGYTVTA.  7 

i.  LiTTETiANA.     I'tir.  b   Cduadrnm^   Sp.  pT. 

C.  caiile  crecto  ;  foliis  I       Stem  cioct ;  loaves  o- 


vate,  tjutlied,  o|)ake,  gla- 
InoLis. 

Clayt  p.  £1.    Big.  I.  p.  8.    Pursh, 


ovaiis,  (IcfUiculatis,  opa- 
cis,  L^Iahriiisculis,  Vahl. 
Eiuiin.  pi.  1.  p.  301. 

Sp.  pi.  l.p.  58.    Midi.  l.p.  i: 
1.  p   21. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  round.  Leaves  opposite.  Flowers  in  termi- 
nal racemes  ;  petals  inversely  heart  shaped,  reddish  uhite  :  capsules 
rouiidi  h,  covered  witli  minute  hooks;  stalks  of  the  capsuleh  beut 
backward. 

Found  in  Greeneville,  South-Carolina,  by  Mr.  Moulins. 

Flowers  June — September.  Canadian  Circectu 


Stem  ascending;;  leaves 
cordate,  toothed,  sliini'-g; 
calvx  membranaceous. 


2.  Alpin.4. 

C.  caule  adscendente  ; 
foliis  cordatis,  dentalis, 
nitidis  ;  calyce  mcmbra- 
naceo.  Vahl.  Eniim.  pi. 
1.  p.  301. 

Sp.  pi.  I.  p.  53.     Pursh,  l.p.  21. 

Plant  small,  procumbent.     Leaves  cordate,  v>xt\\  dislAnt,  and  aCQt(^ 
serratures.     6'^n^•c  filiform.     Fruit  expanding. 


VERONICA.     Oen.  pl.  33. 


CnroIJa  limbo  4-parti- 
to  ;  lacinia  inlima  angus- 
tiore.  Capsula  bilocula- 
ris. 

*  Flore s  terminales^ 
spicati. 

i.    VlRGINICA. 

V.  foliis  qiiaternis  | 
qiiinisvc,  lanccolatis.  acu-  | 
lis,  serratis  ;  s|)icis  plm  i-  | 
bus.    Hoit.  Kew.  l.p.  26.  | 

»Sp.  pl.  1.  p.  54.     Mich.  I.  p.  5. 


Border  of  the  coroUa 
4  parted  ;  the  lower  seg- 
ment narrower.  Capsule 
2  celled. 

*  Flowers  tervmialy 
spiked. 

Leaves  by  fours  or  fives, 
li.nceohite,  atute,  seriate 
ed ;  spikes  many. 

Clayt.  p.  2.     Pursh,  1.  p.  10, 


DIANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


Perennial.  Stem  ereC,  2 — 3  feet  hijjh,  glabrous,  sHg;htlY  angledsi: 
Leaves  verticillate,  nearly  sessile,  jrlabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  i)U- 
bescent  on  the  under.  Floivers  dense,  on  lon<r  axillary  spikes ;  one  afc 
the  base  of  each  leaf,  near  the  summit  of  the  stem.  Corolla  tubular, 
white.  Filaments  much  longer  han  the  corolla.  Jlntherx  incumbent. 
Germ  above.  Style  long,  persistent,  i  apsule  tapering  to  a  point  at 
the  summit,  not  emarginate  as  is  usual  in  this  genus. 

Grows  in  tlie  mountain  vallies. 


Flowers  June — Auaru&t. 


Virginian  Veronicaj, 


S.     Officinatjs. 

V.  spicis  lateralihiis, 
pedunculatis ;  foliis  op- 
positisjOhovato-subrotuii- 
dis,  pilosis,  annuis  ;  caule 
procumbente,  hirlo.  Sp. 
pi.  I.  p.  59. 

Mich.  1   p  5.     Pursh,  1.  p.  10 


Spikes  lateral,  on  ped- 
uncles; leaves  opposite, 
obovate,  nearly  round, 
hairy,  annual ;  stem  pro-, 
cunibent,  rough. 

Smith,  flor.  Brit.  I.  p.  16. 

Stem    spreading.     Leaves   pale,   ri2,id,   hirsute,  scabrous.     Spike^- 
axillary,  solitary,  peduncled,  many  flowered,  hairy,  taller  than  th© 
atem.     Flowers  pale  blue  coloured,  with  deeper  veins. 

Grows  in  Carolina.     Pursh. 

F.owers  April — June. 


**  Flores  coryniboso- 
racemosi. 

3.    SeRPYLLI FOLIA. 

V.  racemo  terminali, 
subspicato  ;  foliis  ovatis, 
glabris,  crenatis.  Sp.  pi. 
4.  p.  61. 

Sp.  pi.  I.  p.  64.  Walt  p.  60 
367.     Big.  p  5.     Pursh,  1.  p.  1 1. 

Perennial,  stem  8 — 1 2  inches  long,  decumbent,  pubescent,  slightly 
angled,  sometimes  creeping.  Leaves  opposite,  decussate,  on  short 
petioles.  Flowers  in  a  terminal  leafy  raceme  Peduncles  2 — 3  lines 
long.     Stijle  persistent.     Capsules  emargi  .ate,  ciliate. 

Inserted  on  the  authority  of  Walter  and  iViichaux.  I  have  not  met 
with  this  species  in  the  Soutiieru  States. 

Flowers  May — ^Juue.  Thyme-leaved  Veronicof 


**  Flowers  in  corym- 
bose racemes. 

Raceme  terminal,  some- 
what spiked ;  leaves  o- 
vate,  glabrous,  crenate. 

Mich.  1.  p.  4.     Clayt.  p.  2.  No. 


>9 

LoBATF.  or  lobcil,     Di\-iJed  into  Tiobes.     (Lobatua.) 

LvRATK  leaf.  Diviilfd  several  liiues  tiatisverhclv,  the  lower dinsioBB 
smaller  and  more  remote  from  each  other  than  the  upper  ones.  (Ly 
ratuui.) 

MtMURANAcrots  leaf.  Having  no  distinguishable  pulp  between  the 
two  surfacos.     (Meuibraiiaceuni.) 

iVIiD-Hin.     The  main  nerve  or  middle-rib  of  tlic  leaf, 

^loNol»K  TAi.ocs  or  OIK'  petallod  corolla,  'llic  wh(de  in  one  petal.  Tt 
may  be  deeply  cut,  but  is  not  separated  at  tlie  l)ase.     (Monopctala.) 

^MoNopHYLLoL  s  perianth.  Nut  sei)arated  at  tlie  base  One  lealc4 
perianth.      (Moiiophyllum.) 

]^  o.\(iN»'i.KMOLs.     One  seeded.     (Monosperma.) 

Ml<  kunate  leaf.  Terminatiiis:;  in  a  small  sharp  point  which  seems  to 
be  a  continuation  of  the  mid-rib:  da^;'j:er  pointed  leaf.  (Mucronatum.) 

Mt'RicATL,  Armed  with  sharp  prickles  applied  to  the  calyx  and 
steu).     (Muricatus.) 

Naked  flower.     >Vhen  the  Calyx  is  wanting;. 

lleceptacle.     Dcjtitute  of  hairs,  bristles  or  chalT. 

Whorl. — Destitute  of  an  involucrum.     (Nudus.) 

Nectary.  The  honey-bearing  part  of  a  vegetable,  peculiar  to  the 
flower.  It  commonly  makes  a  part  of  tlie  corolla,  but  is  sometimes 
entirely  distinct  from  it.  It  is  frequently  in  the  form  of  a  horn  o^ 
spur:  sometimes  it  takes  the  shape  of  a  cup.     (Nectarium.) 

Nkuved  leaf.  Having  vessels  like  threads  unbranched  extending 
from  the  base  towards  the  tip  of  the  leaf.     (Nervosum.) 

NiTiD.     Glittering,  glossy :  so  smooth  as  to  shine.     (Nitidus.) 

Nodding  flower.  When  the  peduncle  is  considerably  curved,  but  not 
so  much  as  in  the  drooping  flower.     (Nutans.) 

Ob — In  the  composition  of  terms  is  put  for  inversely  or  "  upside^ 
down.''' 

OiicOMCAL.     Inversely  conical.     (Ohconicum.) 

OncouDATE  leaf.  A  heart-shaped  or  Cordate  leaf  connected  witii 
the  petiole  by  its  apex  or  tip.     (Obcordatum.) 

OiJLinuE  leaf.  Having  the  base  direeted  towards  the  sky  and  the 
apex  or  tip  towards  the  horizon.  This  respects  the  position  of  a 
leaf;  but  it  is  more  frerpiently  used  in  another  sense,  whicli  respect? 
the  shape  of  a  leaf,  when  the  surface  is  placed  obli(|uely  or  unequal- 
ly (generally  at  the  base  or  in  the  width)  to  the  petiole — (Foliuiv 
Obli(|uum.) 

Ohlong  leaf.  Having  the  longitudinal  diameter  several  times  ex- 
ceeding the  transverse  one;  rounded  at  both  ends.     (Oblongum.) 

OuovATE  leaf.  Inversely  ovate.  Having  the  narrow  end  next  the 
petittle.     (Obovatum.) 

Out  USE  leaf.  Ending  bluntly  but  within  the  segment  of  a  circle- 
(Obtusum.) 

OKnicuLATE  leaf — Circular.    (Orbiculatum.) 

Ova  I,  leaf.  Having  the  longitudinal  diameter  longer  than  the  trans- 
verse one,  and  the  curvature  the  same  at  both  ends.     (Ovale.) 

\n  Elliptic  leaf  is  longer  in  proportion  to  its  breailth. 

Ovate  <ir  egii-^liapcd  leaf.  The  shape  of  tliis  loaf  is  the  lorgitudiuai 
settion  of  aa  egg.     (Ovatum.) 

O 


i6 

Ovate-lanceolate  leaf.  Between  these  two  forms  but  inclining  to 
tl'.c  latter.     (Uvatu-Laaceolatum.) 

OvATK-oBLoNG  leaf.  Tlic  Ovate  leaf  lengthened  out.  (Ovato-oW 
loHj^um.) 

Pair.  Applied  to  leaflets  in  pinnate  leaves  which  are  said  to  be  com- 
poi:.ed  of  two,  tliree  or  four  pair  of  leaflets.     (Jugum.) 

Palmate  leaf.  Hand-siaped.  It  is  a  simple  leaf  resembling  the 
hand  spreal.     (Palaiatum.) 

Panduhaeform  leaf.  Guitar-shaped.  Oblong,  broader  below,  con- 
tracted on  the  sides.     (Paiidursefornie.) 

Panicle.  A  mode  of  floweiing  in  which  tlie  flowers  are  scattered 
on  peduncles  variously  or  irregularly  subdivided,  as  in  the  grass- 
es.    (Panicula.) 

PAriLioNAcEous  flower.  Irregular  and  usually  four  petalled.  The 
lower  one  is  called  the  keel:  tlie  upper  petal  wliicli  spreads  and 
rises  is  called  vexillum:  the  two  side  ones  stand  singly,  being  se- 
parated by  the  keel,  and  are  called  Alfeor  winus.  Some  call  them  pea- 
blossomed  flowers,  the  pea  aftbrding  a  good  example.  (Papilio- 
nacea )  > 

Pappus.  A  feathery  or  hairy  crown  of  some  seeds,  by  which  the  seedi 
are  suspended  in  the  air,  and  dispersed. 

Partitiov.  a  wall  sej^arating  a  pericarp  or  seed-vessel  internally 
into  cells.     (Dissepi'nentiim.) 

Pectinate  leaf.  A  sort  of  ;  innate  leaf  in  which  the  leaflets  are 
toothed  like  a  comb.     (Pectinatum.i 

Pedwk  leaf.  When  a  bifid  petiole  connects  several  leaflets  on  the 
inside  only.  This  species  of  compound  leaf  resembles  in  some  de- 
gree a  bird's  foot.     (Fedatum.) 

Pedicel.  The  ultimate  subdivision  of  a  peduncle  connected  with 
ti'e  flower  itself,     vf  edicellus.) 

Peduncle.  The  flo  .er  stilk,  or  partial  stem  supporting  the  flow- 
ers only.     (Pedunculus.) 

Pej.tate  leaf.  Having  the  petiole  inserted  into  the  disk  of  the  leaf 
instead  of  the  edge.     (Peltatuui.) 

Perfoliate  leaf.  A  leaf  apparently  perforated  by  the  stem.  (Per-- 
foliatum.) 

Perianth.  A  Calyx  contiguous  to  the  other  parts  of  fructificationt 
A  less  general  term  than  Calyx.      Perianthium.) 

Pericarp.  Seed  vessel  or  seed  case.  Tiie  most  general  term  for 
t..e  vessel  producing  seeds.     (Pericarpium.) 

PERsisrENT  calyx.  A  calyx  which  remains  after  the  corolla  is 
withered. 

Leaves.     They  remain  on  the  plant  till  the  fruit  is  ripe  or  after 

summer  is  over. 

Stipules.     Continue  after  the  leaves  drop  off.     (Persistens.) 


Personate  corolla.     A  species  of  lipped  corolla  which  has  the  lips 

cl(»sed.     (Personata.) 
Petal.     The  subdivision  of  the  corolla.     Petals  are  the  leaves  of  the 

flower.     In  a  moiiopetalous  flower  the  petal  is  the  corolla.     (Peta- 

lu".i  ) 
Petiolb.     The  stem  supporting  the  leaf.     (Petiolus.) 


a 

'Fetiolate  Iraf.     Growing  on  n  petiole.     Opposed  to  sessile.     (Pg- 

(tiulatu^.) 
Pinna  IK  loaf.     A  species  of  compound  leaf,  wherein  a  simple  petiole 

lia>  sovi'ial  li'allets  fustoiuMi  to  »acl»  side  of  it.     (I'iniiat mi.) 
Pinna  rr.D  uii<'((iially.     Toniunalod  by  a  siiijjle  or  odtl  leHllot.     (Pin- 

natttiii  cum  imiiari.) 
I'lNNAi-iKii)  leaf.     A  species  of  simple  leaf,  (livi<led  tiaiisversely  by 

oblony;,  horizontal  sejjments  not  extending  to  tlic  mid-rili.     (I'iiina- 

tifnhini.) 
J*isrii..     An  Oriran  adheiiti'/  to  tlie  'Vuit  for  t'  o  reception  of  the  pol- 
len.    ^^  hen  poi  iVct  it  con>ists  of  llie  j|,einien,  style  and  stigma, 

(Pisfillum.) 
1'licatk.     Folded  like  a  fan.     (Plicat'is.) 
Pi.i  MosK  or  feathery  pappus.     A  pappns  composed  of  feathery  hairs. 

(Pliimosus.) 
Poi.LEv.     The  dust  contained  in  the  antlicrs  of  flowers. 
PoLYi'ETALOus  cojolla.     C'ouiposed  of  manv  pctals.     (Polypotala.) 
I'oi.YiMiYLi.ijus  or  many  leaveil,  Sec. 
Pome.     A  pulpv  pericarp  witlu)ut  valves  containing  a  capsule;  as  the 

apple,  quince,  ^c.   (Pomum.) 
pR-EMoiisK  root  or  leaf      Not  tapering  but  ending  blunt   as  if  the 

end  '.vere  bitten  off*.     (Pijemorsus.) 
PiucKi.E,     A  sharp  process  from  a  plant,  fixed  into  the  bark  only. 

(Aculeus.) 
PiusMATic.     Of  the  same  thickness  from  top  to  bottom,  with  several 

Hat  sides.     (Pri-^maticus.) 
PuocuMBENT  Stem.     Unable  to  support  itself,  lying  on  the  ground, 

but  without  puttinic  out  roots.     (Procumbeiis.) 
PfBEscExcE.     All  hairiness  in  a  plant;  or  whatever  clothes  it  with 

any  hairy  or  villous  substance.     (Pubes.) 
Raceme.     A  nxxle  of  flowcriui;,  consisting  of  a  peduncle  with  short 

lateral  branches.     (Uaceinus.) 
Rachis.     A  filiform  receptacle,  collecting  florets  longitudinally  into 

a  spike.     Tt)  be  found  in  <!;rasses, 
Radia  rE  flower.     A  sort  of  cf)mpoun(l  flower  consisting  of  a  <lisk,  in 

which  the  florets  are  tubular  and  rej;ular;  and  of  a  ray  in  whicli  tlic 

florets  are  iirc;:ular.  as  in  the  Sun-flower. 
Radical  leaves.     Piocec<ling  immediately  from  tiic  root.    (RadiciK'.) 
Raoicant  or  Rootitj'4  steiii.     lk'!i<liiij;  to  the  earth  anil  stiikir:g  root 

but  not  creepin'j:  alonx-     (Radicatis.) 
Radicle.     The  fibrous  part  of  the  r.jot.     (Radicula.) 
Radius.     See  Rav.  • 

Ray.     'llie  outer  part  or  circumference  of  a  compound  flower,     ("a- 

«llus.) 
Receptacle.     Tlie  ba..e  by  which  tlic  otiier  parts  of  tlie  fructification 

are  corinect«*d. 

I'ropei .     Appertaining  to  one  flower  only. 

Common.    C'oniicctinu:  several  distinct  flowers.  (Recentacil'im.) 
Reclined  K  af.     l'>er)t  «lownwards  so  that  the  [loint  is  lower  tliau  taiJ 

base.     (ReciinatuinA 
Rkflexed.     Hi-nt  back.     (Reflexus.) 
Renifoum.     iicc  Kldney-siiaped. 


IS 

Repand  leaf.  A  leaf  the  rim  of  whicli  is  terminated  bj  angles  having 
sinuses  between,  inscribed  in  the  segment  of  a  circle.  (Hepandum.) 

Resupinate  corolla.  "When  the  floner  is  turned  as  it  were  upside- 
down,  so  that  which  is  usually  the  upper  leaf  becomes  the  lower *^ 
(Resupinata.) 

flEsupiNATi<  leaf.     Turned  upside-down. 

Reticllate  corolla  or  petals.  Having  distinct  veins  crossing  like 
net  work.     (Reticulata.) 

Retuse  leaf.     Ending  in  a  blunt  sinus.     (Retusum.) 

Rkomb-sha^'ed  leaf.  Having  four  equal  sides  but  the  angles  not 
right  angles.  The  petiole  connected  w  ith  one  of  the  angles.  ^,Rhom•' 
beum.) 

Rib.  The  continuation  of  the  petiole  along  the  middle  of  the  leaf.- 
(Costa.) 

Ringent  corolla.  An  irregular,  one  petalled  corolla,  the  border  of 
which  is  usually  divided  into  two  parts,  called  the  upper  and  lower 
lip.     It  is  called  a  taping  corolla.     (Ringens.) 

Rotate  corolla  or  {vheel-shaped.  Spreading  flat  without  any  tube* 
(Rotala.) 

RuKciNATE  leaf.  A  sort  of  pinnatifid  leaf,  with  the  lobes  convex 
befoi  e  and  straight  behind ;  like  the  teeth  of  the  large  saw  (whip-saw) 
used  for  sawing  timber.     (Runcinatum.) 

Sagittate:  Shaped  like  the  head  of  an  arrow.     (Sagittatum.) 

Sarmi  ntose  stem.  Thread-like,  almost  naked  ;  <  r  having  only  leave* 
in  bunches  at  the  joints  or  knots  where  it  strikes  root.  (Sarmen- 
tosus.) 

ScANDENT  or  cUm.bing  stem.  "Weak  and  requiring  support  in  mount- 
ing. The  tendiil  or  clasper  is  usually  the  agent.  Different  from 
the  twining  stem.     (Scandens.) 

Scape.  A  stem  supporting  flowers  but  not  leaves.  It  may  have 
scales.    (Scapus) 

ScARiosE  leaf.     Of  a  dry  substance,  sonorous  to  the  touch. 

— —  Perianth,  rough,  thin  and  semi-transparent.     (Scariosum.) 

&ECUND  spike.     AV  ith  the  flowers  all  on  one  side.     (Secunda.) 

Serrate.  Having  sharp  imbricate  notches  about  the  edge,  pointing- 
towards  the  extremity. 

Having  teeth  like  a  saw. — fSerratus.) 

Sessile  leaf.  Connected  immediately  with  the  stem  or  branch  without 
the  intervention  ol  a  petiole:  opposed  to  a  petiolate  leaf.     ^Sessile.) 

— —  Applied  also  to  flowers,  and  pappus — 

Sheath.  A  membrane  investing  a  stem  or  branch  as  in  grasses. 
(Vagina.) 

Sheathing.  "When  a  leaf  invests  a  stem  or  branch  by  its  base  in 
form  of  a  tube.     (Vaginans.) 

Shrivelling  or  withering.  Decaying  without  falling  off.  (Marces** 
cens.) 

Shrubby.     Perennial  with  woody  stems.     (Fruticosus.) 

SiLicuLE.  A  two  valvcd  pericarp,  having  the  seeds  fixed  along  both 
sutures,  and  the  transverse  diameter  equal  or  nearly  so  to  the  longi- 
tudinal. This  sf.^ed-vessel  varies  in  shape  being  orbiculate,  ovate,  or 
fiattehed  ;  entire  at  the  end  or  emarginate.     (Silicula.) 

SiiaciuB.    An  oblong  membianaceousj  two  valved  pericarp,  having  the 


13 

seeils  fixed  along  the  suture*.  The  SHirule  only  differs  from  this,  in 
form  aiul  size,     (-^iliiiua.) 

Simple.     Not  divided  or  branched.     (Simplex.) 

Sinuate  lea.  Havitiy;  larjje  cuivod  breaks  iti  tlie  margin.  {Sinu* 
atuiii.)     Tlie  oak  furiiislies  many  exain|jles. 

Spadix.     a  stem-like  receptacle  proceeding;  from  a  spathe. 

Spatha  or  spathe.  The  calyx  or  spadix  operun;;  or  bursting  longitu*' 
dinallv  in  torni  of  a  slieatii.  A  spathe  often  consists  of  more  valvefl 
than  one  and  may  be  halved. 

Spathulate  leaf.  Roundish  above  with  a  long  linear  base:  Ukeaspa- 
tula  or  battle-dore.     (Spathuiuturn.) 

Spike.  A  mode  of  flow  eringin  which  sessile  flowers  are  alternate,  oppo* 
site,  or  verticdlate,  on  a  common  simple  peduncle:  as  in  Mullein. 
(Spica.) 

Spikelki  a  little  spike.     (Spicula.) 

Spine  or  thorn.  A  sharp  point  being  a  continuation  of  the  substance 
of  the  wood  itself.     (Spina.) 

Spur  or  horn.  The  hinder  part  of  the  nectary  in  some  flowers,  shap- 
ed like  a  cock's  spur  or  horo. 

Squarrose  calyx.  Consisting  of  scales  very  widely  divaricating,  of 
spreading  every  way.     (Squarrosus.) 

Stamen.  An  organ  for  the  preparation  of  the  pollen  consisting  of 
the  filament  and  anther. 

Stem.  The  body  of  an  herb,  bearing  the  branches,  leaves,  and  flow- 
ers.    (Caulis.) 

Stigma.  The  top  of  tlic  pistil,  pubescent  and  moist,  in  order  to  de- 
tain the  pollen. 

Stipe.  The  tiiread  or  slender  stalk,  which  supports  tiie  pappus,  and 
connects  it  with  the  seed.     (J^tipes.) 

Stipule.  A  scale  or  diminutive  leaf  at  the  base  of  a  petiole,  or  pe- 
duncle.    (Stipuia.) 

Striated  stem.  Marked  or  scored  with  slender  or  very  superficial 
lines. — (Striatus.) 

Strict.     Stiff' and  strait.     (Strictus.) 

Strobile.  A  seed  vessel  or  pericarp,  made  up  of  scales  that  are  im- 
bricate, or  lie  over  each  other:  fur  an  Anient  in  a  state  of  maturity, 
Pines  afford  a  good  example.     (Strohilus.i 

Style.  The  middle  portion  of  the  pistil  connecting  the  stigma  with 
tiie  germ.     (Stylus.) 

Suberose  stem.  Clothed  with  bark,  soft  and  elastic  like  cork.  (Su- 
berosus.i 

Si  nuLATR  leaf:  T/inear  at  bottom  but  tapering  gradually  towards  the 
end.     (Foliun)  subuiatum.) 

Superior  flow  er  or  calyx.  Having  the  receptacle  of  the  flower  above 
the  Germ.      Superus.) 

Super  decompound  leaf.  When  a  petiole  divided  several  times  con- 
nects many  leaflets;  each  part  forming  a  decompound  leaf  (Su- 
pradecomposituin.) 

Terete.  Columnar,  without  angles — resembling  the  shaft  of  a 
column — I  have  retained  the  I^atin  term,  as  it  is  often  applied 
to  twining  or  procumbent  plants,  where  columnar  could  scarcely 


14 

be  U3edwifh  propriety — Leaves  as  well  Jis  the  stems  of  plants  ar«. 

sometimes  teiete. 
Tendril  or  clasper.     A  spiral  thread  by  which  a  plant  is  fastened  to 

another  body.     'Cirrhus.) 
Tern  AT  •   leaf".     Having  tliree  leaflets  on  one  petiole.     (Ternatum.) 
Thyksus.     a  mode  of  flowering  which  consists  of  a  panicle,  contract- 
ed into  an  ovate  form. 
ToMKNj'osE  or  downy  stem  or  leaf.     Covered  with  hairs  so  interwov-? 

en,  as  scarcely  to  be  discci-nible.     (Tomentosus.) 
Tkipinnatk  leaf.     A  species  of  super-decompound  leaf;  when  a  pe- 
tiole has  bipinnate  leaves  ranged  on  each   side   of  it.     ffripin- 

natum.) 
Truncate  leaf.     Ending  in  a  transverse  line  so  that  it  seems  as  if' 

the  tip  of  the  leaf  iiad  been  cut  off.     (Folium  truncatum.) 
TuKKR.     A  knob  in  roots,  solid,  with  component  particles  all  similar.. 
Tuberous  root.     Furnished  with  tubers.      Tuberosum.) 
TuRBiNATa.     Shaped  like  a  boy's  top.     (Turbinatum.) 
Twin-anther.     Swelling  out  into  two  protuberances.     (Didyma.) 
Twining  stem.     Ascending  spirally  round  a  branch,  stem  or  prop^ 

(Volubilis.) 
Twofold  leaves.     Coming  out  two  and  two  together  from  the  same 

place 
Valve.     The  outer  covering  or  coat,  of  a  capsule  or  other  pericarp. 

iValva.)     Or  the  divisions  of  this  outer  covering. — 
Veined  leaf.     Having  the  vessels  branching,  or  variously  divided  over 

the  surface.     (Venosum.) 
Ventricos    or  bellied.     Swelling  out  in  the  middle.     (Ventricqsum.) 
Verticil.     (Verticiliate.)     See  whorl  and  whorled. 
Villous  leaf.     Covered  with  soft  hairs.     (Villosum.) 
Umbel.     A  receptacle  stretching  out  into  thread-like  proportioned 

peduncles,  from  the  same  centre.     (Umbella.j 
TJmbkllate.     Flowers  growing  in  this  manner.     (Umbellatus.) 
tjRCEOLATE  or  pitclicr-shaped.     Bellying  out  like  a  pitcher.     (Ur- 

ceolat'-is.) 
"Wedge-shahed  leaf.     Having  the  longitudinal  diameter  exceeding 

the   transverse  one,  and  narrowing  gradually  downwards.     (Cu- 

neiforme.) 
Whorl.     A  sort  of  floweringmade  upof  many,  nearly  sessile,  flow- 
ers, surrounding  the  stem  in  a  I'ing.     (Verticilhis.) 
Whorled  leaves.     Surrounding  the  stem  at  one  place.     (Verticil- 

lata.) 
Winged  petiole.     Having  a  thin  membrane  or  border  on  each  sidej 

or,  dilated  on  the  sides:  as  in  the  orange.     lAlatus.) 
Wrinkled  leaf.     When  the  intermediate  substance  rises  above  the 

veins,  owing  to  their  contraction.     (Rugosuin.) 

[Maatracted  prijicipally  from  MartyrCs  Language  of  Botany,'] 


niANDRiA   MONOGTNIA. 


Racemes  lateral ;  leaves 
lanceolate,  serrate  j  stem 
erect. 


4.  Anacallis. 

V.  raceiiiis  lateraFilms; 
foliis  laiiceolatis,  senatis; 
caulc  erecto.  Sp.  pi.  i. 
p.  65. 

Mich    1.  p.  5.     Pursh,  1.  p.  1 1. 

Grows  in  Carolina,  Pursli.     Like  most  of  the  species  in  this  genvs, 
naturuli/.ed. 

Flowers  May — July. 


■***    Peduncles 
Jloxvcred. 


one 


Flowers  solitary,  ped- 
iincled  ;  leaves  coidate, 
petiolate  j  stem  downy. 


***  Pediincidis  nnU 
Jloris, 

5.  Agrestis. 

V.  lloribus  solitarils, 
pedimculatis ;  foliis  corda- 
tis,petiolatis;  caulepiil)es- 
cente.    Sp.  pi.  i.  p.  7^3. 

Root  annual,  lilirous.  Stem  procumbent,  hairv.  Leaves  alternate, 
on  short  footstalks,  cordate-ovate,  notched,  stronj;ly  veined,  |)articu- 
larly  on  the  lo\v<*r  surface.  Flowers  axillar}',  solitary  ;  peiluncles 
terete,  hairy,  after  flowering  bending  to  the  g;r«und.  Calya:  I  leaved, 
deeply  4  parted,  persistent ;  segments  ecpial,  lanceolate,  3  nerved, 
hairy,  ciliate.  Curolla  longer  than  the  calyx,  pale  blue,  with  deeper 
veins.  Filaments  attached  to  the  tube  of  the  corolla,  shorter  than  co- 
rolla, dilated  in  the  middle,  Anthers  incumbent,  nearly  globular, 
pale  blue,  3  ceiled.  Capsule  2  celled,  4  valved,  furrrowed,  emargi- 
nate,  hairy.  Seed  S  in  each  cell,  sitting  on  tubercles  on  a  central  re- 
ceptacle. 

Grows  in  damp  soils.  Around  Savannah  and  Beaufort,  very  com- 
num  ;  probably  imported. 

Flowers  January — April.  Frocumbent  Veronicat 


6.  Arvensis. 

V.  iloribus  solitariis, 
foliisqiic  cordatis  suhses- 
silil)us;  caulc  hirto.  Sp. 
pi.  1.  p.  43. 


Flowers  solitary,  and 
with  the  cordate  leaves 
nearly  ses^iilc  ;  stem 
rough,  hairy. 


Walt.  p.  f)l.     Mich.  1.  p.  4.    Clayt.  p.  2,  No.  368.     Pursh,  I.  p.  11. 

Root  annual,  fibrous.    Stem  procumbent,  hairy  and  downy ;  branches 
.«8surgent.     l><ower  leaves  opposite,  on  very  short  footstalks,  cordate- 

U 


10 


DIANDRIA  MONOGYNiA, 


ovate,  obtuse,  slightly  toothed,  obscurely  3  nerved;  upper  leaves  ses« 
sile,  alternate,  lanceolate,  entire  or  slightly  toothed.  Flowers  axil- 
lary, solitary,  towards  tlie  summit  of  the  branches  nearly  sessile  ;  af- 
ter flowering,  the  peduncles  extend  to  1 — 2  lines.  CalyiV  1  leaved, 
deeply  4  parted,  segments  a  little  unequal,  persistent.  Corolla  pale 
blue,  shorter  than  the  calyx.  FUatnents  half  the  length  of  tlie  corol- 
la, inserted  into  its  tube.  Jlnthers  somewhat  cordate,  2  celled,  white. 
Germ  superior,  compressed,  furrowed,  -^tyle  clavate,  as  long  as  the 
filaments.     Stigma  obtuse,     iieed  6 — 8  in  each  cell,  obovate,  dotted. 

Grows  in  soils  somewhat  damp,   around  Charleston.     Like  tho^ 
preceding,  imported. 
Flowers  xMay — June.  Field  Veronica. 


Flowers  solitary,  ses- 
sile ;  leaves  oblong,  ra- 
ther obtuse,  toothed  and 
entire ;  stem  erect. 


7.    PEJpEGRINA. 

V.  floribus  solitariis, 
sessilibus  ;  foliis  oblongis, 
obtusiusculis,  dentatis  in- 
tegrisque ;  caule  erecto. 
Smith,  Trans.  Lin.  Soc.  I 
1.  p.  19.  I 

Mich.  1.  p.  4.     Pursh,  1.  p.  11. 
V.  Caroliniana,  Walt.  p.  61. 

Root  annual.  Stem  erect  and  procumbent,  8  inches  high,  terete, 
smooth,  frequently  without  branches.  The  lowest  leaves  opposite, 
toothed  ;  the  upper  alternate,  linear-lanceolate,  nearly  entire ;  all 
smooth.  Flowers  axillary,  solitary,  nearly  sessile.  Corolla  white, 
shorter  than  the  calyx.  Filaments  nearly  half  as  long  as  the  corolla. 
Anthers  somewhat  sagittate,  white,     iieeds  shining. 

Grows  in  cultivated  grounds  very  abundantly. 

Flowers  February — March.  Maryland  Veronica^ 


JUSTICIA.     Gfn.  PL.  35. 


Calyx  simplex  s.  du- 
plex. Corolla  i-p'^tala, 
irregularis.  Capsula  un- 
gueelasticodissiliens;  dis- 
sepimentuin  valvis  con- 
trarium. 


Cfl///a;  simple  or  double. 
Corolla  i  petalled,  irre- 
gular. Capsule  opening 
with  an  ehistic  spring;  par- 
tition contrary  to  the  val- 
ves. 


DIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


«1 


Spikes  axillary,  alter- 
nate, long;  11  owe  IS  in 
l)airs;  bracteas lanceolate; 
leaves  oblons:-lanceolate. 


i.  HiTMius.     Mich. 

J.  spicis  axillarihns. 
alternis,  elonsjatis:  flori- 
bus  genunis;  l)i-aetris  lan- 
ceolatis  ;  loliis  oblongo- 
lanceolatis.     E. 

Mich.  I.  p.  8.  Pursh,  1.  p.  13. 
Dianthcra  ovata,     Walt.  p.  1.  63. 

Root  creeping,  perennial.  Siem  lierbaccou?,  assurjcnt,  12 — 18  in- 
dies hi<;li.  nearly  t'lirrowecl,  smooth  below,  rouijh  near  tlie  summit, 
jointed.  Leavi's  opposite,  decussate,  nearly  sessile.  geMerally  lanceo- 
late, slightly  acuminate,  serrulate,  the  upper  surface  anil  veins  be- 
neath scabrous.  livacteas  minute.  Calyx  1  leaved,  5  parted,  per- 
sistent; tube  ventricose:  segments  of  the  bonier  linear,  lanceolate, 
equal.  Corolla  bilabiate,  violet  coloured;  upper  lip  shorter,  reflected, 
slightly  notched  ;  the  lower  three  cleft,  segments  acute,  tlie  middle 
one  longer;  spotted  at  base.  Filaments  2,  filiform,  shorter  than  the 
corolla,  inserted  into  the  tube  of  the  corolla  near  its  summit,  ,fn- 
thers  2  on  each  filament,  one  terminal,  the  other  lateral,  both  one  lob- 
ed.  Germ  superior,  somewhat  conical.  Sti/le  slentler,  lonuer  than  the 
stamens,  slightly  two  cleft.  Stigmas  2,  obtuse.  Capsule  stipitate, 
compressed. 

Grows  in  humid  soils— not  rare. 

Flowers  Mav — June.  Ovate  leaved  Justicia, 


Spikes  nearly  in  heads; 
peduncle  long,  solitary; 
leaves  ensiform. 


S.   Ensiformu.     Walt. 

J.  spicis  sub-capitatis; 
pedunculo  longo,  solita- 
lio;  foliis  ensiformibus. 
Walt. 

Dianthera  ensiformis,  Walt.  p.  63. 

Justicia  pedunculosa  Vahl.  f  Pursh,  1.  p.  13. 

Stem  erect,  1 — 2  feet  high,  obtusely  4  angled.     Leaves  opposite^  de- 
cussate,  linear  lanceolate,  very  acute,  a  little  oblique,  glabrous. 
I  have  only  seen  specimens  without  tlowers. 
Grows  in  St.  John's,  Dr.  Macbride. 
Flowers  May. 


ELYTRAUIA.    Mich. 


Calyx  4  partitus,  laci- 
nia  antica  tissa.  Corolla 
S-lida,  laciniis  subtequali- 


Calj/x  4  parted  with 
the  front  segment  diviti- 
ed.     Corolla  d  ticll,  se^-- 


IS 


DIANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


bus.  FiJamenta  3  sterilia. 
Capsida  S-valvis,  2-locu- 
laris. 

1.  ViRGATA.     Mich. 

E.  foliis  superne  inte- 
gris,  neiTisqiie  siibtus  gla- 
bellis ;  squamis  floriferis, 
ovatis,  margine  villosis. 


ments  nearly  equal.  2 
sterile  filaments.  Cap* 
sule  2  ceUed,  2  valved. 

Leaves  entire  near  the 
summit,  and  with  the 
nerves  underneath  some- 
what smooth  ;  scales  be- 
neath the  flower  ovate,  vil- 
lous along  the  margins. 


Tahl.  Enum.  pi.  1.  p.  106. 
Anon.  Carolinien>is,  Walt.  p.  63. 

Root  perennial.  Root  leaves  long,  lanceolate,  wedge  shaped  at 
base,  scabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  glabrous  underneath,  slightly  un- 
dulate and  repand  near  the  base.  Scape  12 — 18  inches  high,  clothed 
■with  ovate,  very  acute,  scales  embracing  the  stem.  Flowei'S  in  a  dense 
spike.  Bracteas  like  the  stem  leaves,  rigid,  enveloping  the  flower. 
Scales  Sat  the  base  of  the  calyx,  small,  hairy.  Crt/^a*  4  parted,  the 
«e<iments  nearli  equal,  somewhat  hairy,  the  anterior  1 — 2  cleft.  Cor- 
mlla  tubular;  border  5  cleft,  (4  Walt).  Stamens  short.  Germ  superior, 
-fi^^fe  capillary.     Stigma  tongue  shaped.     Seed  few  in  each  cell,  small 

Grows  in  damp  pine  barrens. 

Flowers  May — June.. 


GRATIOLA.     Gen.  tl.  37. 


Corolla  irregularis,  re- 
supinata.  Stamina  ^  ste- 
rilia. Capsiila  2-locula- 
ris.     Calyx  5-phyllus. 

*  Bractete  2  ad  basin 
calycis. 

1.    VlRGINlCA. 

G.  glabra,  caule  assur- 
gente,  tcreti;  foliis  lance- 
olatis  ovalibusque,  ser- 
ratis  ;  calycis  foliolis 
sequalibus.     E. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  104.  Walt.  p.  6. 
Clayton,  p,  3.  No.  379. 


Corolla  irregular,  resu- 
pine  Stamens  2  steiile. 
Caps?tle  2  celled.  .  Calyx 
5  leaved. 

*  Bracteas  2,  at  the 
base  of  the  calyx. 

Plant  glabrous  ;  stem 
assurgent,  terete;  leaves 
lanceolate  and  oval,  sel^. 
rate;  leaves  of  the  calyx 
equal. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  13v 


DIANBHIA  MONOCYNtA. 


18 


Hoot  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  a  little  surculent,  slij^htly  fur- 
rowed e;eiieiallv  erect.  Lraivs  se-.sile,  ratiier  acute,  obscurely  3  nerv- 
ed. FloH'fra  axillarv.  solitary,  on  pe'luticles  Imlf  the  lennlh  of  the 
leaves.  Uracteas  linear-lanceolate,  persistent^  eNpandiiii;,  shoi-ter 
than  the  calyx.  CnruLla  one  leaved,  tuUe  siij:,litlv  incurved  and  an- 
gled, border  4  cleft,  se^^nients  untMjual  irt  br(Mdt!i.  lounded,  sli'^jlitlj 
cmar<;inate.  purplish  white,  with  (hn-prr  veins  and  streaks,  pubescent 
Aviiliout,  bearded  within.  FUanunits  '3,  inserted  into  the  'oase  of  ti.e 
corolla,  not  half  its  len;:;th.  Anthem  oblonir,  suuieu  lat  reniforni,  '2  cell- 
ed, white.  Rudimets  ot '2  sterile^i/flrtw»^>^  very  short,  (icrni  suoerior, 
ovate,  compressed,  furrowed.  i/;//i' fdiform,  cquailii,  r  the  stam»'ns, 
persistent.  Stigma  compressed,  bilabiate.  Capnul'^'  uvate,  sli:;iitlj 
compressed,  somewhat  angular,  2 celled, 2  valve').  Si\d  numerous,  at- 
tached to  a  central  receptacle,  oblont;,  rou'jihcncd  will)  elevated  dots. 

Grows  in  wet  places,  ditches,  &,c.  very  abundantly. 

Flowers  March — April.  Virginian  Ch-atiola, 


2.  AuRE\.     Muhl.  Cat. 

G.  glabra;  caule  pro- 
cumbcnte,  tereti  ;  f'oliis 
ovato  lanccolutis,  soiiii- 
amplexicaulibus,  acute 
serratis,  puiictatis;  calycis 
fuliolis  a^'qualibus.     E. 


Plant  ,i[i;labi'Oiis  ;  stem 
procumbent,  terete  ; 
leaves  ovate-lanceolate, 
halt'  embracing;  the  stem, 
acutely  serrate,  dotted ; 
leaves  of  the  calyx  equal. 

G.  oflicinaiis.-  Mich.  1.  p.  6.  Pursh,  1.  p.  \Z. 

Jtoot  pert'tmial  ?  creeping.  Stem  1 — 2  feet  long;,  terete,  slightly 
fiirrM\\ed,  jointed,  taking  root  at  the  joints,  with  the  summits  assur- 
gent.  Leaves  rather  tliick,  obscurely  3  nerved.  Flofcers  axillary, 
solitary,  ;:ri,erally  alternate,  on  peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves. 
Brudeal  leaves  as  long  as  the  calvx.     Corolla  bright  yellow. 

Grows  itt  tiie  wet  pine  barrens  in  Georgia,  and  tlie  southern  part  of 
Carolina,  abundantly. 

Flowers  April — June.  Tellow-jlowered  Gratiole. 


3.  PiLosv.     Mich. 

(i.  pilosissima;  caule  |  Plant  very  hairy  ;  stem 
crccto;  luliisovahbus,  se-  [erect;  leaves  oval,  half 
mi-amplcxi>;aulibus,  ser-  |  embracing  the  stem,  ser- 
ralis,  rugosis  ;  calycis  to-  |  rale,  rugose;  leaves  of  the 
liolis  intequalibus.     E.       |  calyx  unequal. 

Mich.  l.p.  7.  Pursh,  1  p.  13. 
G.  Peruviana,  >Valt.  p.  62. 
Boot  perennial.     Stem  1 — 2  feet  high,  round  below,  square  towardg 
the  summit,  clothed  with  transparciit,  jointed,  hair.    Leaves  half  em- 


f4 


DIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA, 


bracing  ilie  stem;  the  lower  ones  obtuse:  the  upper  rather  acute. 
Flowers  axillary,  solitary,  nearly  sessile.  Corolla  4  cleft,  one  segment, 
larger  than  the  rest,  white,  tinged  witli  purple.  Filaments,  2  short, 
inserted  into  the  tube  of  the  corolla,  2  sterile,  near  its  base.  Capsule 
smooth. 

Grows  in  ditches  and  wet  places.     Common. 

Flowers  July — September,  Hairy  Gratiola, 

4.  Sphterocarpa.     E. 

G.  glabra;  caule  pro-  |  PI  ant  glabrous;  stem  pro- 
cumbente,  tereti ;  foliis  |  cumbent,  terete  ;  leaves 
obovatis,  basi  attenuatis,  |  obovate,  tapering  at  base, 
serratis ;  capsula  globosa.  |  serrate  :  capsule  globose. 
E.  I 

Roof  perennial.  Stem  jointed,  taking  root  at  the  joints,  fleshy,  fur- 
rowed. Leaves  sessile,  obscurely  3  nerved.  Flowers  solitary,  axilla- 
ry, nearly  sessile.  Leaves  of  the  calyx  equal ;  bracteallenxes  larger, 
expanding,  slightly  toothed.  Corolla  with  the  tube  slightly  angled,  the 
border  4  parted,  one  segment  broader,  emarginate.  Filaments  2, 
shorter  than  the  corolla,  inserted  into  its  tube.  Anthers  2  celled, 
tvhite.  Sterile  filaments  o.  Germ  superior.  Style  filiform,  short. 
migma  compressed,  bilabiate.  Capsule  globose,  2  ceiled,  2  valved. 
Seeds  numerous,  angled,  roughened,  attached  to  a  central  receptacle. 

This  plant  agrees  with  the  Gratiola,  in  habit,  calyx,  corolla,  pistil 
and  seed;  but  recedes  from  that  genus  by  its  globular  capsule,  and 
the  want  of  sterile  filaments. 

Grows  in  ponds  4  miles  from  Charleston,  on  the  Neck. 

Flowers  September — October.  Round-fruited  Gratiola*. 


**  Brndeis  nullis. 

5.    QuAUltlUENTATA. 

G.  pubescens ;  caule 
procumbente,  tereti ;  foli- 
is lato-subulatis,  3  vel  4 
dentatis ;  calycis  foliolis 
insequalibus.     E. 


I      **  Without  Bracteas, 

Micb. 

Plant  pubescent ;  stem 
procumbent  terete;  leaves 
subulate,  2  or  4  toothed  ; 
leaves  of  the  calyx  un- 
equal. 


Mich.  l.p.  6.  Pursh,  1.  p.  12. 
G.  lamosa,  Walt.  p.  61. 

Root  perennial,  creeping.  Stem  slightly  furrowed;  the  pubescence 
glandular,  capitate.  Leaves  opposite,  rarely  by  threes,  obscurely  dot- 
ted, rounded  at  base,  with  2  teeth  always  near  the  summit.  Flowers 
eoUtary,  axillary,  on  peduncles,  at  first  shorter  than  the  leaves,  after* 


DIANDRIA  MONOCYNIA. 


iM 


tNanls  cqualllnfi;  them.  Tijl)e  of  the  corolla  yellowish,  strpaked  with 
purple;  bonier  white.  Filnmenta  so!»>ile,  shorter  than  the  corolla;  S 
sterile  verv  short,  .iulfiers  wliite.  -'^'ti/le  longer  than  the  stamens. 
Sii;;ma  bilabiate.     Capstde  much  shorter  than  the  calyx. 

Grows  around  p<»nils — not  rai^.. 

Flowers  May— July.  Four  toothed  GratioUu 


f).  Tetracona.     E. 

G.  g;lal)ra ;  caulc  pro- 
cunibentc,  tetragono ;  fo- 
liis  lanceolatis,  parce  dcn- 
talis  ;  calycis  foliolis 
jpqualibus.     E. 


Plant  smooth  ;  stem 
procumbent,  square  ; 
leaves  lanceolate,  spa- 
ringly toothed ;  leaves  of 
the  calyx  equal. 


Root  perennial.  Stem  taking  root  at  the  joints,  exactly  square. 
Leaves  sessile,  acute,  4 — 6  toothed,  obscurely  3  nerved.  Fluicers  oa 
S(|uare  peduncles  2 — 3  lines  long.  Leaves  of  the  calif.v  linear,  finelv 
serrulate.  Corolla  white,  with  coloured  streaks.  Capsules  oblong, 
acute,  somewhat  compressed  and  oblique,  as  long  as  the  c^lyx. 

Grows  in  ponds  and  ditches  four  miles  fron\  Charleston. 

Flowers  September — November.  Squari'-stemmed  Gratiolsu 


Plant  glabrous;  stem 
square,  erect; leaves  lan- 
ceolate, rather  blunt, 
toothed  toward  the  sum- 
nut;  stamens  4,  fertile. 


7.  Acuminata.  Walt. 
G.  glabra  ;  caule 
quadrato,  erecto  ;  foliis 
lanceolatis,  subobtusis, 
versus  apicem  dcntatis; 
staminibus  4,rertiUbus.  E. 

^Valt.  p.  Gl. 

Boot  perennial.  Stem  12 — 18  inches  high,  the  angles  slightly  wing- 
ed. Leaves  somewhat  wedge-shaped  at  base.  J''lowers  solitary,  ax- 
illary, on  peduncles  generally  longer  than  the  leaves.  Leaves  of  the 
caly.v  a  little  unequal  in  breadth.  Border  of  the  corolla  4  parted,  1 
segment  wider,  bearded  within,  all  slightly  toothed  and  niucronatc. 
Filaments  4,  of  which  two  are  shorter,  inserted  into  the  tube  of  the 
corolla.  G^THi  superior.  iY^/p  shorter  than  the  stamens,  •ii/ig-mn  com- 
pre»ed,  bilabiate.  (  apsule  oblong-ovate,  compressed,  acute,  2  cell- 
ed, 2  valved.  >Seeds  many,  cylindrical,  truncate,  striate,  attached  t» 
a  central  receptacle. 

Grows  in  ditches  and  wet  places,  extensively  diffused. 

Flowers  August — September.  Walter's  Gratiola. 

The  G.  acuminata,  by  its  regular  didynamous  flower,  and  tlie  G. 
sphferocarpa,  by  its  fruit, Appear  to  be  somewhat  distinct  from  the 
ether  specie»«j  but  1  have  retained  them,  unwilling  to  multiply  genera. 


16 


DIANDRIA   MONOGYNIA, 


8.  Megalocarpa.     E. 

G.  foliis  lanceolatis,  ser- 
ratis,  pubescentibus ;  pe- 
dunciilis  oppositis,  foliis 
longioiii)Us ;  calycis  foli- 
olis  jineaiibus.longitudine 
capsulsesubglobosae.  Pur. 


Leaves  lanceolate,  ser^ 
rate,  pubescent;  pedun- 
cles opposite,  longer  than 
the  leaves ;  leaves  of  the 
calyx  linear,  as  long  as 
the  globose  capsule. 


G.  acuminata,  Pursh,  1.  p.  12. 

blowers  pale  yellow,  large.     Cepsw/e  larger  than  any  other.  Pursh 

This  species  is  unknown  to  me  but  it  appears  to  bo;  very 
distinct  from  the  G.  acuminata  of  Walter.  The  length  of  the  pedun- 
cle is  perhaps  the  only  point  in  which  they  agree.  I  know  not  to 
which  section  it  properly  belongs. 

Grows  in  ditclies  and  pools  from  Pennsylvania  to  Carolina.  Pursh. 

Flowers  July — August.  Larg-e -fruited  Gratiola. 

*  LINDERNIA.     Gen.  pl.  1031. 


Calyx  5-phyllus.  Co- 
roila  S-labiata,  labio  su- 
periore  breviore,  re- 
flexo,  emarginato.  Fila- 
menta  4;  2  longioribus, 
furcatis,  sterilibus.  Cap- 
mla  2-locularis,  2-val- 
vis. 

1.  DiLATATA.     Muhl.  Cat. 

L.  foliis  basi  dilatatis, 
amplexicaulibus,  parce 
dentatis ;  pedunculis  fo- 
liis longionbus.     E. 

L.  pyxidaria,  Pursh,  2.  p.  419. 
Gratitda  insequalis,  VValt.  p.  61. 
G.  anagallidea,  Aiich.  l.p.  5. 
Clayton,  p.  3.  No.  164. 


Calyx  5  leaved.  Co- 
rolla bilabiate,  upper  lip 
short,  reflected,  emargi- 
nate.  Filaments  4  ;  a 
longer,  forked,  sterile. 
Capsule  2  valved,  2  cell- 
ed. 


Leaves  dilated  at  base, 
embracing  the  stem,  spa- 
ringly tootlied;  peduncles 
longer  than  the  leaves. 


•  I  have  pUxcpd  this  g-emis  in  the  class  Diandrla,  on  account  of  its  gfreat  affinity 
to  Graiioia,  and  bec.iuse  ii  has  reuUy  but  2  fertile  stamens.  The  forked  filaments 
t  kave  fouiid  mvariiibly  sterile. 


niANDRiA  MONOGYNIA. 


47 


7?oof  annual.  iS'/t'in  procun»l)cnt,  s<iuarc,  smooth.  Leaves  obloiig", 
ovule,  obhise,  iUK'(iual,  «»l)scurely  3 — .1  nerved.  Moxvers  axillaiv,  so- 
litary, on  sf|uan'  ptMlunclos,  sjninklod  witli  capitate  liair.  Leaxes  of 
the  califX  a  litllo  unc<|ual,  pubescent,  ciliate.  CoruUa  twive  as  lon;^ 
as  the  *cal>  x,  pale  purple,  resupine,  4  cleft;  upper  se^;ment  broader  ; 
3  lower  sei;uients  (fiuminj;  the  under  lip)  oval,  obtuse.  Filaments  4, 
inserted  into  tlie  tube  of  the  corolla;  '2  longer,  etpiallini;  the  tul)e  of 
the  corolla,  sterile,  forked  near  the  sununlt,  the  points  recurved;  '2 
shorter,  filiform,  fertile.  Jlnthers  2  lobed,  incumbent,  white.  Germ 
superior,  oblonj!;-ovate.  Sttjle  short,  thick,  persistent.  Uti^na  com- 
pressed, bilabiate.     Seeds  many,  oval,  attached  to  a  central  icceptacle. 

Grows  in  ditches,  around  ponds.     Plant  small. 

Flowers  May — September.  Vilated-leaved  Lindernia, 

S.  Attenuata.     Miihl.  Cat. 


L.  foliis  lanccolatis 
obovatisque,  basi  altenua- 
tis  ;  pedunculis  foliis  du- 
plo  brevioribus.     E. 


Leaves  lanceolate  and 
obovate,  attenuate  at  base; 
peduncles  twice  as  short 
as  the  leaves. 


Root  annual.  Stem  procumbent,  square,  sniootli.  Leaves  some- 
what spatliulate,  serrulate.  Flowers  axillary,  solitary,  on  short  te- 
rete peduncles.  Leaves  of  the  calyx  nearly  equal,  serrulate.  Sterile 
filaments  villous. 

Grows  in  wet  places.     Vall'Ombrosa,  Ogcchee,  Geore;ia. 

Flowers  May — June.  Taper ing-leaved  Lindernia,' 


MICRANTHE^rUM.     Mich. 


Cfl/?/.T4-partitus.  Co- 
rolla inaequaliter  4-fida. 
Capsula  i-locularis,  2- 
valvis,  polyspcrma. 


Calyx  4  parted.  Co- 
rolla unequally  4  cleft. 
Capsule  1  celled,  2  valv- 
edj  many  seeded. 


1.  Orbiculatum,     Micb. 


M.  foliis  orbiculatis, 
basi  abrupte  angustatis. 
E. 

Mich.  1.  D.  10.     Pursh,  1.  p.  10 


Leaves   orbicular,  ab- 
ruptly narrowed  at  base. 


p.  10.     Pursh,  1. 
Anon,  umbrosa,  Walt.  p. 


£.' 


7?oo/ perennial.  Stem  prostrate,  creeping,  2;labrou3,  round.  leaves 
opposite,  sessile,  very  entire,  obscurely  .5  nerved.  Flo  I'ers  axillary, 
solitary,  opposite,  on  peduncles  I — '2  lines  lonj;.  Segments  ot  the 
calyx  a  little  spaihulate,  tlie  two  upper  oucs  shorter.  <  orolla  shorter 
than  tlie  calyx,  whitcj  upper  segments  shorter,  the  lower  elongated; 


18 


DIANDIIIA   MONOGTNIA. 


all  obtiise.  rUaments  2,  shorter  than  the  corolla,  dilated  at  base,  in- 
serted into  the  tube  of  the  corolla  at  the  fissures  of  the  lower  seg* 
nients.  ^?if/i?rs  2  lobed,  globose,  white.  G^rm  superior.  Af?/Ze  fi  i- 
form,  as  lonj;  as  the  anthers,  bending  to  them.  Stigma  nearly  glo- 
bose. Capsule  globose,  1  celled,  2  valved.  Seeds  many,  oval,  trans- 
versely striate,  attached  to  a  central  receptacle. 

Grows  in  shallow  \\ater  and  in  muddy  places.     Very  common. 

Flowers  nearly  through  the  whole  year. 

Round-leaved  MicranthevMimi 


2.  Emargtnatum.     E. 

M.  toliis  ovalil)iis  obo- 
vatisque,  emarginatis  5 
floiibus  sessilibus.     E. 


I^eaves  oval  arid  obo- 
vate,  emarginate  ;  flow- 
ers sessile. 


Boot  perennial,  f^tem  prostrate  or  floating,  creeping.  Leaves  ses- 
sile, entire,  obscurely  5  nerved.  From  the  preceding  it  only  differs  in 
having  its  leaves  more  remote,  S  or  4  times  as  Ion?,  obovate,  slightly 
emarginate ;  while  the  flowers  are  if  possible  smaller,  and  on  pedun- 
cles scarcely  visible. 

Grows  in  ditches  and  wet  places — Vall'Ombrosa,  Great  Ogechee. 
In  the  upper  country,  common. 

Flowers  through  the  whole  summer. 

Larse-leaved  Micranthemumi 


PTNGUICULA. 

Corolla  ringens,  calca- 
rata.  Calyx  bilabiatus, 
5-ficIus.  Capsida  l-locu- 
laris. 

1.  Elattor. 

P.  corollse  limbo  sub- 
seqiialiter  5-fido,  laciniis 
bilobis,  lobis  plerumque 
indivisis  ;  calcare  com- 
presso,  obtuso,  tubo  dimi- 
dio  breviore.     E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  11.     Pursh,  1.  p.  14. 

P.  ccerulea,  Walt.  p.  63. 

Boot  perennial,  composed  of  thick  and  fleshy  fibres.  Stem  0. 
Leaves  radical,  spathulate-ovate,  entire,  obtuse,  viscid,  the  margins 
rolled  in,  (as  in  every  species  in  this  country),  so  .  s  to  appear  like  a 
deltoid  leaf.     600/76  columnar,  8— -12  inches  high,  villous  at  base, 


Gen.  PL.  40. 

Corolla  ringent,  with  a 
spur  at  base.  Calyx  bi- 
labiate, 5  cleft.     Capsule 

1  celled. 

Border  of  the  corolla 
equally  5  cleft,  segments 

2  lobed,  lobes  generally 
entire ;  spur  compressed, 
obtuse,  half  as  long  as 
the  tube. 


DIANDRIA    MOTfOCYNlA. 


1—4  from  each  root.  Flowers  solitary,  nodding  before  they  expand. 
Calyjc  dee[)ly  5  cleft,  segments  oval,  obtuse,  the  two  lower  ones  near 
toijether.  Tube  of  the  corolla  ventricose,  viUous  within,  {greenish, 
veined  with  purple.  Filamptits  ^2,  attached  to  tlie  base  of  tlie 
fferm,  >liort,  t!\ick,  a|)pressed  to  the  <;enn.  J  thers  approximate,  ;;;lo- 
nose,  one  cclletl,  opening  at  the  summit.  G,'rm  superior,  globose. 
Style  very  short,  compressed.  Stii^mn  bilabiate;  upper  lip  very  short, 
somewhat  3  lobed ;  the  lower  dilated,  villous,  reflexed,  covering  tlie 
antliers.  ('a/;.«itt/«  globose,  1  celled,  pointed  with  the  persistent  stylo. 
Seeds  numerous,  oval,  attached  to  a  central  receptacle. 

Grows  in  damp  soils;  not  common  near  the  ocean  ;  very  frequent 
in  the  middle  districts. 

Flowers  March — April.  Tall  Pinguicula. 


2.  LiTEA.     Walt. 

P.  corollse  limbo  S-fi- 
(lo,  laciniis  bilobis,  lobis 
bidentatis  ;  calcarc  subii- 
lato,  tubo  paulo  breviore. 
E. 

Walt.  p.  63.     Mich.  1.  p.  11. 


Border  of  tlie  corolla 
5  cleft,  segments  2  lobed, 
lobes  2  tootbed  ;  spur 
subulate,  a  little  sliorter 
than  the  tube. 

Pursh,  1.  n    14. 


Scape  I — 3  from  each  root,  6 — 8  inc  .es  hij;li,  pubescent,  one  flow- 
ered. Calyj:  equally  5  cleft.  Corolla  campanulate,  segments  almost 
equally  2  lobed.  Stigma  with  the  upper  lip  very  minute  ;  the  inferior 
dilated,  covering  the  anthers.  Flaut  generally  pubescent,  the  hairs 
all  terminate«l  by  a  small  viscid  globule. 

Grows  in  damp  pine  barrens,  very  common. 
Flowers  March — April.  I'tllow  Pinguicula. 


3.  PuMiLA.     Mich. 

P.  corollsB  limbo  S-lido, 
laciniis  emarginatis,  lobis 
integerrimis;  calcaresub- 
ulato,  subobtuso,  tubum 
sequante.     E. 


Border  of  the  corolla  5 
cleft,  segments  emargi- 
nate,  lobes  entire  ;  spur 
subulate,  a  little  obtuse, 
as  Ion":  as  the  tube. 


Mich.  I.  p.  11.     Pursh,  1.  p.  14. 

Leaves  more  smooth  than  in  the  preceding  species.  Scapes  '2 — 6 
from  each  root,  3 — 5  inches  high,  very  downy,  each  hair  capitate, 
begmcnts  of  the  calyx  all  obtuse,  very  downy.  Coroll:  ymlc  blue, 
tube  yellowish,  streaked  with  purple,  villous  within.  Stigma  w ith  the 
upper  lip  short,  slightly  3  lobed  ;  the  lower  dilated,  ciliate,  covering 
the  anthers.      Capsule  globose,  downv,  4  ?  valved. 

Grows  in  flat  pine  barrens.  Very  common  in  Georgia,  south  of  tlie 
Ogochee  river. 

Flowers  March— April.  Small  Finguicula'. 


so 


DIANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


UTRICULARIA.     Gen.  pl.  41. 


Corolla  ringens,  calca- 
rata.  Calijx  S-phyllus, 
seqiialis.  Capsula  unilo- 
ciilaiis. 

1.  Inflata.     Walt. 

U.  fluitans  ;  race  mis 
multifloris,  involucro  ? 
hexaphyllo.     verticillato, 


Corolla  ringent,  with  a 


spur  at  base, 
leaved,  equal. 
1  celled. 


Calijx  2 
Capsule 


suffultii 


labio 
cal- 


emargi- 


Floating;  racemes  many 
flowered,  supported  by  a 
six  leaved,  verticillate  in- 
volucrum  ;  lower  lip  of 
the  coroUa  3  lobed  ;  spur 
deeply  emarginate. 


corollse 
inferiore    3-lobato  ; 
care    profunda 
nato.     E. 

Walt.  p.  64. 

U.  ceratophylla,  Mich.  I.  p.  12.     Pursh,  1.  p.  15. 

*  Sle7n  perennial,  submersed^  branching,  terete,  glabrous.  Leaves 
alternate,  2 — 3  inches  lojig,  at  base  3  or  4  parted,  appearing  at 
iirst  sight  as  if  verticillate,  above  much  divided  ;  segments  all  seta- 
ceous, alternate  or  dichotomous,  kneed  at  the  divisions,  and  just  above 
them  furnished  with  an  ovate,  compressed,  dark,  air  vessel.  (Utricu- 
Ins).  Flowers  in  simple  racemes,  6 — 10  flowered;  the  common  ped- 
uncle 8 — 12  inches  long,  supported  below  the  middle  by  a  verticillate 
involucrum,  floating  on  the  surface  of  the  water.  Leaves  of  the  involu- 
crum  3—4  inches  long,  spungy,  much  divided  towards  the  ex- 
tremities, without  air  vessf  Is ;  segments  setaceous.  Caly.v  2  leaved, 
persistent ;  leaves  nearly  equal,  concave,  ovate,  nervose,  the  lower 
slightly  emarginate.  Corolla  yellow;  upper  lip  broad-ovate,  entire ;  the 
lower  larger,  three  cleft,  the  lateral  segments  broad,  the  middle  one 
longer  J  spur  somewhat  lanceolate,  compiessed,  bifid,  half  as  long  as 
the  lower  lip  of  the  corolla.  Filaments  2^  short,  nearly  united  at  base, 
inserted  into  the  tube  of  the  corolla.  Germ  superior,  ovate.  Uttfle  as 
long  as  the  stamens,  filiform.  Stigma  bilabiate;  upper  lip  truncate; 
the  lower  dilated,  refiexed,  ciliate.  Capsule  2  valved.  Seeds  numerous. 

Grows  in  tranquil  waters,  very  common. 

Flowers  March — May. 

S.  Fibrosa.     Walt. 

U.  fluitans;  racemis,  I  Floating;  racemes  few 
paucifloris,  involucro  nul-  |  flowered^  involucrum  o  ; 

•  The  term  Stem  used  -n  describings  the  foaling:'  species  of  this  genus,  is  applied 
to  that  part  of  the  plant  \vh  ch  is  always  submersed.  In  the  1st  species  the  term 
is  correctly  applied,  but  wkether  so  in  the  others,  is  somewhat  doubtful. 


DiANnillA    MONOCYNIA. 


81 


lo ;     coroII.T   inajusculfp  lower   lip   of  the    larij;c 

laf)io  irilcrioro-  obscure  3-  corolla  obscurely  3  lobed ; 

lobalo  ;    calcare  cniargU  spur  einarginatc. 
iiato. 

Walt.  p.  64.     Puish,  1.  p.  15  } 

Stem  2 — 3  foot  Ions;,  round.  sul)iniM.s»'(l.  Flou-era  in  simple  racemes 
2 — 3  flowered  ;  common  peduncle  G — 8  inclies  hin^i  columnar;  pro|X'r 
peduncle  1 — '2  inches  long,  slender.  Toro/Zn  Iai-:;e,  vellow;  upper  lip 
large,  rounded,  obscurely  3  lubcd  ;  lower  lip  smaller  ;  spur  subulate,  a& 
long  as  the  lower  lip. 

From  specimens  sent  from  St.  John's,  by  Dr.  Macbriile. 

Grows  in  St.  John's.  Sometimes  when  deserted  by  the  water  ap- 
pears to  shoot  from  the  base  oi'  each  peduncle,  iibrous  roots  sparingly 
famished  with  utriculi.  Corolla  large  but  not  ecpial  in  si/,e  to  that  of 
the  U.  intlata. 

Flowers  September — October. 


Floating  ;  peduncles 
axillar}^,  generally  one 
flowered  ;  involucrum  0  ; 
lower  lip  of  the  corolla  3 
lobed,  lateral  lobes  end- 
ing in  small  sacks. 


3.  Saccata.     Le  Conte. 
U.  iluitans  ;      pedun- 

culis  axillaribus  subuni- 
floris  ;  involucro  nuUo  ; 
corollfc  labio  infcriore 
tiilobato,  lobis  lateralibus 
apice  saccatis.    Le  Conte. 

U.  purpurea, Pursh,  1.  p.  15. 

Stem  1 — 2  feet  long,  terete,  glabrous,  submersed.  Leaves  alternate, 
4 — 5  parted  at  base,  as  if  verticillate;  each  segment  again  divided  in 
a  similar  manner;  upper  segments  pinnatifid  all  setaceous.  PeduncUs 
1 — 2 in  each  .axil,  2 — 3  incm^s  long,  sometimes,  though  rarely,  iMlow- 
cred.  Leaves  of  the  calyx  emarginate.  Corolla  purple;  upper  lip  nearly 
round:  the  lower  longer;  tlie  lateral  lobes  cucullate.''  by  the  formation 
of  their  sacks  nearly  conic;  the  middle  one  longer,  oval,  with  its  mar- 
gin reflected;  spur  subulate,  compressed,  half  as  long  as  the  lower  lip, 
appres-.ed  to  the  middle  lobe,  covered  by  its  reflexed  margins,  and 
closing  the  moutlis  of  the  la'eral  sacks.  Seed  very  numerous  and 
small,  attached  to  little  tubercles  on  a  central  receptacle. 

Grows  in  stagnant  water.  Extensively  dilTosed,  though  to  me,  ivot 
very  ccmimon. 

HowersJunc — July. 

4.  Loxr.iROsTRis.     Le  Conte. 


U.  iluitans;  involucro 
nullo;  pedunculis  1 — 2 
floris  ;     calcare    corolla; 


Floating;  involucrum  o; 
peduncles  1 — 2  flower- 
ed ;    spur    longer    than 


«2 


DlANDRlA   MONOGYNIA. 


labio  iiiferiore  longiore, 
adscendente,  emarginato. 
Le  Conte. 


the  lower  lip  of  the  co. 
roUa,  ascending,  emargi- 
nate. 


Floating  in  stagnant  waters.  Leaves  divided,  segments  setaceous. 
Peduncles  3 — 4  inches  long,  generally  2  flowered.  Lips  of  the  corol' 
la  obscurely  3  lobed ;  corolla  yellow,  of  a  middle  size. 

Grows  in  stagnant  water,  both  in  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

Flowers  June. 


5.    GiBBA. 

TJ.  fluitans ;  peduncu- 
lis  sub-bifloris ;  calcare 
corollse  labio  inferiore 
breviore,  obtuso,  medio 
gibbo.     E. 


Floating  ;  peduncles 
generally  2  flowered  ; 
spur  shorter  than  the 
lower  lip  of  the  corolla, 
obtuse,  gibbous  in  the 
middle. 


Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  113.  Pursh,  1.  p.  16. 

Floating  in  stagnant  water.  Scape  or  rather  peduncle  6  inches 
long,  bearing  a  few  small  flowers.  Corolla  yellow,  the  lips  slightly 
lobed ;  the  spur  a  little  shorter  tiian  the  lower  lip,  bui^iu^  in  the 
middle. 

Grows  in  ponds  6  miles  from  Charleston* 

Flowers  in  June. 


6.    BlPARTITA.       E. 

U.  radicans;  pedunculis, 
paucifloris  ;    corollse   la- 
biis  subintegris,    calcare 
brevi,  obtuso  ;  calycis  fo 
liolo  inferiore  bifido.     E. 


Radicant  ;  peduncles 
few  flowered;  lips  of  tlie 
corolla  nearly  entire, 
spur  short,  obtuse  ;  low- 
er leaf  of  the  calyx  two 
cleft. 


Generally  growing  in  soft  muddy  places.  Scape  2 — 4  inches  high. 
Flowers  one  to  three.  Corolla  rather  small,  lips  nearly  equal  and 
entire;  spur  (I  describe  from  specimens)  scarcely  half  as  long  as  the 
corolla,  very  obtuse.  Lower  lip  of  the  cafya' generally  2  cleft  j  some- 
times divided  to  its  base. 

Sent  from  St.  John's  by  Dr.  Macbride. 

Flowers  in  October. 


DIANDT?1A    MONOGYNIA. 


23 


Floatinsc ;  pcdunrlps 
s;riicrally  2.  flowered;  lips 
of  tlic  corolla  cntiie  ; 
spur  sulnilate,  obtuse,  as 
long  as  the  lower  lip. 


7.  BiFLORA.     La  Marck. 

U.  tluitafis  ;  pedun- 
culis  suh-liilloris  ;  corol- 
la* laliiis  int<jz;ris;  calcarc 
suhulato,  ohtupo,  labium 
iriferius  .Tquuntc.  Lc 
Cjiite. 

La  Marck,  illost.  1.  p.  50.  Puish,  1.  p.  15. 
U.  Integra,  Le  Conte.   Juss. 

fii^^m  slender,  submersed.  L^aivs  alternate,  divided  asifverticillate; 
segments  setaceous.  Pedtincles  axiWary  -,  tlie  common  peduncle,  3 — 4 
inches  long;  pedicel  2 — f)  lines  long.  Corolla  yellow,  rather  small:  tre 
upper  lip  entire,  (obscurely  3  lobed,  Le  Conte,)  reflexed ;  the  lower 
rather  longer. 

Grows  in  ditches  and  stagnant  water.  Ogecheecauseway,  Vall'Om- 
brosa.  • 

Flowers  May — June. 


8.  Personata.     Le  Conte. 


Scape  many  flowered  ; 
upper  lip  of  the  corolla 
e  margin  ate,  lower  ob- 
tuse, \vith  a  point ;  spur 
straight,  acute. 


U.  scapo  multiflo- 
ro;  corollfe  labio  supe- 
riore  emarginato,  inferi- 
ore  obtuso,  cum  acumine; 
calcare  recto,  acuto.  Le 
Conte. 

Root  fibrous.  Leaves  0  ?  Scape  12 — 23  inches  high,  4 — 10  flower- 
ed, slender,  glabrous,  furni>hcd  with  small  scales.  Flowers  yellow, 
rather  large.     Spur  subulate,  very  acute,  a  little  curved. 

This  species  nearly  resembles  the  U.  cornuta,  .Mich,  but  appears  to 
difl'erfrom  it  in  having  a  more  slender  and  acute  spur,  more  numerous 
and  smaller  flowers. 

Grows  in  damp  clayey  soils  near  Columbia,  M.  Herbemont.  St« 
Stephens,  Dr.  Macbride. 


9.  Setacea.     Mich. 

U.  scapo  multifloro  ; 
corollse  labio  supcriore 
ovato,  inferiore  promisse 
trilobatoj    calcare  subu- 


Scape  many  flowered ; 
upper  lip  of  the  corolla 
ovate,  lower  strongly  3 
lobed  ;  spur  subulate,  as 


S4j 


DIANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


lato,      labium      inferius     long  as  the  lower  lip  of 

corollje     sequante.       Le     the  corolla. 

Conte. 

Mich.  1.  p.  12. 

U.  pimiila,  Walt.  p.  64. 

U.  subulata  ?  Pursh,  1.  p.  15. 

Root  fibrous.  Stem  erect,  setaceous,  2 — 4  Inches  high,  furnished 
•with  a  few  ovate  scales.  Floivers  4 — 7  on  short  setaceous  peduncles. 
Lower  leaf  of  the  caly.v  slightly  eniarginate.  Lower  lip  of  the  Stigma 
?iomewhat  lacerate. 

Grows  in  wet,  springy  soils,  very  common. 

Flowers  April — May.   -  Bristle-stalked  Utriculavia. 

In  this  genus  I  have  been  aided  by  the  notes  of  Jno.  Le  Conte,  Esq. 
»f  Georgia,  who  has  paid  it  much  attention.  It  still  wants  examina- 
tion, i  have  not  been  able  to  meet  with  all  the  si>ecies  I  have  enume- 
rated in  a  living  state,  and  specimens  in  this  genus  it  is  diflicult  to 
preserve.  U.  saccata  is  generally  supposed  to  be  J:he  U.  purpurea  of 
VV alter,  and  as  it  grows  in  the  neighborh(;od  where  he  reside  d,  it 
may  be  his  plant.  I  once  found  in  the  pastures  of  Silkhope,  near 
Savannah,  a  small  species  with  purple  flowers,  attached  to  the  earth, 
strongly  resembling  the  U.  setacea,  which  then  appeared  to  me  to 
a"-ree  exactly  with  the  U.  purpurea,  Walt.  I  retained  no  specimens 
o?  it,  and  since  my  attention  has  been  turned  more  directly  to  this 
work,  I  have  been  unable  again  to  discover  it.  It  is  not  therefore,  at 
present,  inserted  among  my  species. 


CATALPA.     Walt.     Juss. 


Calyx  2-pariitus.  Co- 
rolla caiiipanulata,  ventri- 
cosa.  Filamenta  3  sterilia. 
Capsula  cylindrica,  S-vul- 
vis,  2-locularis. 


Calyx  2  parted.  Co- 
rolla cam  pan  u  I  ate,  ventri- 
cose.  3  sieviie  JiUnnerds. 
Capsule  cyUndrical,  2  cel- 
led, S  valved. 


1.  CoRDiFOLiA.     Duham. 


C.  foliis  simplicibiis, 
cordatis,  integerrimis, 
ternis  ;  floribus  panicu- 
latis. 


Leaves  simple,  cor- 
date, entire,  by  threes  j 
flowers  in  panicles. 


Catalpa  syringscfolia,   Pursh,  1.  p.  10. 
Mich.     Arbres  forest.  3.  p.  217. 
Catalpa  bignonioides,  Walt.  p.  64. 
Bignonia  Catalpa,  Sp.  pi.    Mich.  2.  p.  23. 


DIANDRIA  MONOr.YNlA. 


^i 


A  lar^c  beautiful  tree,  sometimes  40 — 50  feet  hisli,  2 — 5  feot  in 
iliamotfi-,  wi.h  l<ui<?  opfiosite  expandin-;  brandies.  Jj'uves  Renorally 
by  tlircos,  laru;c,  acuminafe,  t;Ial)ii)us  on  tlte  Upper  surface,  <lo\\  ny 
Uiideriieatli,  8 — l^inclii's  long,  witn  a  bit-adtli  nrarly  ei|ual  :  petiolt'S 
5 — S  inclies  |(Ui<>; :  flowi'is  in  pyramidal  ifi minal  panidfs  ;  l)iancli('«i 
and  no'.xcis  iiiTiiMally  by  throes;"  pedicels  tJ — 10  lines  lon^,  witii  small, 
linoar-lanccolate  leaves  near  tlie  middle.  Cnly.v  1  leaved,  M  parted, 
8e});ments  obovate,  concave,  mucronate.  persistent.  Corolla  unequal- 
ly 5  parted,  the  lobes  crenulate  and  waverina:;  tube  ventricose,  vari- 
e;;ated  with  yellow  and  purple  ;  the  llower  wliite  witliout.  Filameutg 
2  fertile,  incur\'ed.  scaicely  longer  tlian  the  tul)e  of  the  rt)rolla. 
Aiitlievs  reflcxed,  \l  lobed,  lobes  very  distinct  ;  '2 — 3  sterile  filaments, 
verv  short.  Germ  superior,  ovate,  small,  yitijle  as  Ions:  as  the  staniens. 
Stf^ma  bilamellate.  S'dique  12 — 15  inches  Ion;;,  with  a  transverse  dis- 
«epinient.     Seeds  flat.  wiHgcd,with  a  small  tuft  of  hair  at  the  summit. 

The  tree  when  young  and  vigorous,  is  very  beautiful  ;  but  when  it 
begins  to  decay,  its  long  b.ianches  give  it  a  naked  appearance.  Its 
\\(»od  is  said  to  be  durable.  The  largest  trees  1  have  ever  seen,  grow 
in  in  a  sandv  soil  near  the  Kuhaw  creek. 

(irows  in  the  miildle  and  upper  country  of  Carolina  and  Georgia, 
along  the  margin  of  rivers. 

Flowers  .Ipril — May. 


LYCOPUS.     Gen.  rL.  44?. 


Corolla    4    cleft,   one 
ate. 
Seeds  4, 


segment  emarginate.  Sta- 
mens distant, 
retuse. 


Corolla  4-fi(la,  lacinia 
unica cnmiginata.  Stam- 
ina distantia.  Scmiiia  4, 
retusa. 

1.    ViRGINICUS. 

L.  i'oliis  lato-lanceola- 
tis,  scrratis,  basi  attenua- 
tis  integenimisque  ;  ca- 
lyce  seminiljus  breviore, 
acuto.     E. 

Sp.pl.  1.  p.  121.     Walt.  p.  G4. 

Jloot  perennial,  fibrous.  Stem 
square,  furrowed,  pubescent,  branched.  Leaves  opposite,  sessile, 
acuminate,  a  little  rou-jh,  dotted  underneath.  Flowers  crowded  in  ses- 
sile axillary  whorls;  £  very  minute  leaves  at  the  base  of  each  flower. 
C'a/y.i-  one  leaved,  4  cleft,  shorter  than  the  seed,  persistent.  Corolla 
white,  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx,  the  emarginate  segment  broader  than 
the  rest.  Fitamputa  2,  as  long  as  the  corolla,  inserted  into  its  tube 
near  the  upper  segment.    Anthers  erect,  2  lobed,  pale  p»ir[)le.     Gi'vtn 


Leaves  broad, lanceo- 
late, serrate,  tapering  and 
entire  at  base ;  calyx 
shorter  than  the  seed, 
acute. 

Mich.  l.p.  14.     Pursh,!.  p.  IG. 
herbaceous,  erect,  1 — 2   feet  high. 


D 


r\     wi      Mill 


i      I  ^  13   #k    CC^ 


26 


DIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


superior,  square,  slightly  furrowed.  Style  a.H  long  as  the  corolla.  Stig' 
ma  2  cleft,  segments  acute      Pericarp,  none  but  tlie  pers  stent  calys. 

Grows  in  wet  soils,  ditches,  &,c.     Common. 

Flowers  August — October.  Virginian  Lyeopus. 


2.    ANCtJSTrFOLTUS.       E. 

L.  foliis  angusto-lance- 
olatis,  serratis  ;  calyce  5- 
fido,  laciriiis  acumiiiatis, 
seminibus  longioiibus.  E. 


Leaves  narrow,  lance- 
olate, serrate  ;  calyx  5 
cleft,  Avitli  the  segments 
acuminate,  longer  than 
the  seed. 


L.  europseus  ?    Walt.  p.  64. 

Perennial.  Stevi  erect,  square,  glabrous,  2 — S  feet  high.  Leaves 
opposite,  lanceolate,  narrow,  with  a  long  acumination,  remotely  ser- 
rate, the  serratr.res  growing  deeper  on  the  lower  leaves.  Flowers 
in  sessile  whorls.  Segments  of  the  calyx  acuminate,  rigid,  much 
longer  than  the  seed. 

-Grows  with  the  preceding,  in  damp  places,  ditches,  &o. 

flowers  August — September.  JVarrow -leaved  Lycopu>» 

3.  Exalt  A  TITS. 

L.  foliis  basi  pinnatifida.  |       Leaves  at  base  pinna- 
senatis,  laciniis  integer-  |  tifid, serrate,  with  the  seg- 
rimis       subseri'atisque  ;  |  ments  intire  and  slightly 
calycibus  spinescentibus.  |  serrate ;  calyx  spinous. 
Pursh,  3.  p.  7%7,  I 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  121, 

Grows  in  Carolina  and  Virginia,  in  low  shady  woods.    Rare.    Pursh. 
Flowers  August— September. 

I  have  a  specimen  from  the  Northern  States  agreeing  exactly  with 
the  description  of  Pursh.  It  resembles  the  preceding  much  more  than 
the  succeeding  species  ;  the  leaves  are  acutely  divided,  and  the  seg- 
ments of  the  calyx  more  dictinctly  spincscent  than  in  our  species. 


4.    SiNUATUS.       E. 

L.  repens  ;  foliis  pro- 
funde  sinuatis  incisisque, 
subrugosis  ;  calyce  quln- 
quefido,  laciniis  acutissi- 
mis.     E. 


Creeping;  leaves  deep- 
ly sinuate  and  incised, 
somewhat  rugose ;  calyx 
5  cleft,  with  the  segments 
very  acute. 


niANDHlA  MONOGYNIA. 


ftr 


Jisot  crecpins;.  Stem  erect,  4 — G  feet  lii;;li,  square,  deeply  furrow- 
ed, glabrous.  Lraves  upposite,  deeply  sinuate,  almost  pinnutitid,  with 
the  se:;meiits  ol  tlu'  lower  leaves,  tootlied  and  incised.  Leaves  when 
vi:;orous  5 — tj  incite**  lon^,  se^^nivnts  nearly  '2,  Flowers  in  sessile 
\\l>oil8.  Soj;ments  of  the  calyx  very  acute,  rigid,  longer  than  the 
seetls. 

Cirows  in  the  swamps,  on  the  Ogcchee  river,  VaU'Ombrosa. 

Flowers  August — September.  Scallup-leaved  Lycopus, 


CUNILA.     Gen.  pl.  46. 


Cnh/T  cylindricus,  5- 
dentatus.  laiicc  villosus. 
Corolla  ringcns,  labio  su- 
pcriore  erect  o,  piano, 
eina]'i!;inato.  Stamina  2 
steriliii. 

1.  Marixna. 

C.  foliis  ovatis,  seiTa- 

tls ;    corynil)is  terminali- 

bus,  dicliotoniis.     Sp.  pl. 

1.  p.  i'22, 

Mich.  1.  p.  13 

Root   perennial, 
branched. 


Caljjx  cylindrical,  5 
tootlied,  villous  at  the 
throat.  Corolla  lingent, 
with  the  upper  lip  erect, 
flat,  emarir;inatc.  67a- 
mens  2,  sterile. 


Leaves  ovate,  serrate ; 
corymlis  terminal,  dicho- 
touious. 


purple. 


Tursh,  2.  p.  40G. 

Stem  1 — 2  feet  liigh,  4  angled,  glabrous,  much 
Leaves  opposite,  nearly  sessile,  ovate,  acute, 
rounded,  almost  cordate  at  base,  acutely  serrate,  u;lal)r.i'js  on  the  up- 
per surface,  hairy  underne;itii.  Flowers  in  small  axillary  and  terinirial 
tlichotomous  corymbs,  with  a  flower  in  each  divisimi.  Cattf.v  10  nerv- 
ed, 5  becoming  prominent  teeth  ;  villous  in  the  throat.  Corolla  white. 
Fertile  Stamens  and  Utt/le  twice  as  long  as  the  corolla  Stigma  un- 
equally 2  cleft. 

Grows  in  tlie  mountains  of  Carolina.     Dr.  Macbride. 
Flowers  August — September.  tMaryland  Cunila. 

^Mountain  Ditinny. 
An  infusion  of  the  leaves  of  this  plant  is  often  given  in  fevers,  with 
the  view  to  promote  perspiration.     It  is  a   pleasant  and  refieshing 
drink. 


HEDEOMA.     Persoon,  Svn.  2.  p.  131. 


Calijx   bilabiatus 
gibbus. 
Stamina  2  slcrilia. 


hasi 
Corolla  lingcns. 


Cahj.v  bilabiate,  gib- 
bous at  base.  Corolla  liii- 
gent.   Stamens  2  steiile. 


ss 


DIANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


1.    PULEGIOIDES. 

H.  foliis  oblongis,  sev- 
ratis ;  pedunculis  axillari- 
bus,    multifloris.      Pers. 


Leaves  oblong,  serrate; 
peduncles  axillary,  many 
flowered. 


Pursh,  2.  p.  414. 

Cunila  pulegioides,  Sp.  pi.  1.  122. 

Annual,  (Mich.)  Stevi  12 — 18  inches  high,  4  angled,  pubescent. 
Leaves  opposite,  lanceolate,  tapering  at  base  to  a  petiole,  sparingly 
toothed,  strongly  veined,  pubescent.  Flowers  verticillate,  on  short 
peduncles.  Calyx  nerved,  hairy,  2  lipped  ;  upper  lip  composed  ot  2 
subulate,  ciliate,  segments;  the  lower  lip  of  3  larger,  lanceolate, and 
without  a  fringe 

Grows  in  the  upper  country  and  mountains.     Dr.  Macbride. 

Flowers  June— September.  Wild  pennyroyal. 


MONARDA.     Gen.  fl.  48. 


Corolla  inseqiialis,  labio 
siiperiore  lineaii,  fila- 
nienta  involvente.  ISe- 
mina  4. 

1.  Clinopodia. 
M.  glabra;  capitulis 
terininalibus ;  bracteis  ex- 
terioribus  lato-ovatis,  acu- 
tis,  integerrimis  ;  coroUis 
pubescentibus,  tenuibus  ; 
foliis  ovalo-oblongis,  acii- 
minatis,  serratis,  pilosius- 
culis. 


Corolla  unequal,  upper 
lip  linear,  inclosing  the  fi- 
laments.    Seeds  4. 


Glabrous  ;  heads  sim- 
ple, terminal ;  the  exte- 
rior bracteas  ovate,  wide, 
acute,  very  entire  ;  co- 
rolla pubescent,  slender  ; 
leaves,  ovate-oblong,  acu- 
minate, serrate,  hairy. 


Pursh,  1.  p.  17.  Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  125. 
(exclus,  syn.  Gronovii.) 

Stem  obtusely  angled,  glabrous.  Heads  small.  Bractea  nearly 
glabrous.  Calyx  short,  ciliate.  Corolla  yellow,  with  purple  specks. 
Pursh. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina  in  dry  soils.    Pursh. 

Flowers  July — September. 


DIANORIA  MONOGYNIA. 


29 


S.  Gracilis.     Piirsli. 

M.  iilahorrinia ;  capi- 
tiilis  latcralil)iis  tcrmiiia- 
lii)iisqiic  ;  hractcis  exte- 
tciiorihus  llneaiihus,  cili- 
atis  ;  com' lis  hrcvilnis  ; 
foliis  lineari-laiiccolutis, 
acuiiiinatis,  serratis, 
Pursli,  1.  p.  17. 


Very  glabrous  ;  beads 
latcial  and  terminal ;  the 
exterior  bracteas  linear, 
eiliate  ;  corollas  short ; 
leaves  linear  lanceolate, 
serrate. 


Stem  obtusely-angled.     Jleaih  small,    naked.     Calyx  pubescent, 
eiliate.     Curnlla  very  slender,  glabrous,  yelltiwish  white.     Pursh. 
Ft)und  in  tlie  mountains  of  Carolina  by  Mr.  Lyon. 
Flowers — 


3.  Mollis. 
M.  cano-pubescenti- 
bus ;  capitulis  siinj)licibus; 
bractcis  exterioribus  cor- 
dato-ovatis.acutis;  corollis 
hirsulis ;  foliis  oblongis, 
attenuatis,  basi  rotundat- 
isj  serratis.  Pursli,  1.  p. 
18. 

M.  fistulosa,  Var.  b.  Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  124. 

Stem  acutely  angled,  hirsute.  Caly.v  short  with  a  thick  board  at 
the  tliroat.  Corolla  nale  [Purple,  with  a  very  long  beard  at  tiic  point 
of  the  lieltnet.     Pursh. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina.     Pursh. 


Pubescent,  hoaiT;  heads 
simple ;  the  exterior  brac- 
teas  cordate-ovate,  acute; 
corolla  hairy  ;  leaves  ob- 
long, tape  ling,  rounded 
at  tlic  base,  serrate. 


4.    FlSTTLOSA. 

M.  villis  sparsis  hirsu- 
ta;  capitulis  simplicibus 
prolifeiisque,  foliosis;  co- 
rollis hirsutis;  foliis  ovat- 
is,  acuminatis,  serratis  ; 
peliolis  longis,  ciliatis. 
Pursh,  1.  p.  i». 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  124. 


Hirsute  with  scattered 
hairs  ;  heads  simple,  pro- 
liferous, leafy  ;  corolla 
hirsute  ;  leaves  ovate,  a- 
cuuunate,  serrratcj  peti- 
oles long,  eiliate. 


so 


DIANDRIA  BtONOGYNlA. 


Stem  erect,  2—3  feet  high,  obtusely  4  angled,  glabrous,  holl«w. 
Leaves  hairy,  rounded  at  the  base  and  sliglitly  cordate,  (abj.v  long, 
tubular,  terminating  in  5  acute  teeth.  Corolla  twice  as  long  as  the 
calyx,  pale  flesh  colour. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina. 

Flowers  August — September. 


5.  Punctata. 

M.  glabiiuscula;  flori- 
bus  verticillatis;  bracteis 
lanceolatis,  coloratis,  ver- 
ticil! o  longioiibus  ;  foliis 
lanceolatis,  remote  ser- 
ratis.     Piirsb,  1.  p.  18. 


Nearly  glabrous ;  flow- 
eis  verticillate  ;  bracteas 
lanceolate,  coloured,  lon- 
ger tlian  the  whorl  ; 
leaves  lanceolate,  re- 
motely serrate. 


Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  126. 

Walt.  p.  64.  M.  lutea,  Mich.  1.  p.  16. 

Stem  3  feet  high,  obtusely  4  angled,  pubescent.  Leaves  oblong,  ta- 
pering at  base  to  a  sliort  petiole.  Flowers  sessile.  Corolla  hairy, 
yellow,  dotted  with  brown;  the  upper  lip  slightly  vaulted,  containing 
tlie  filaments;  the  lower  shorter,  3  cleft. 

Grows  in  light  soils ;  very  common  in  the  lower  country  of  Carolina. 

Flowers  Aug.- — Oct.  Dotted  Monavda.     Origanum  falsely. 

and  corruptly  Rig7mm. 

The  root  of  this  plant  has  some  reputation  in  family  practice  as  an 
emmenagogue.     It  is  given  warm,  in  the  form  of  infusion. 


6    ClLIATA. 

M.  hirsiita  ;  floribus 
verticillatis;  bracteis ova- 
iis,  glabris,  ciliatis,  calyce 
sequantibus ;  foliis  ovato- 


Hirsute  ;  flowers  vei'ti- 
cillate  ;  bracteas  ovate, 
glabrous,  clliate,  as  long 
as  the  calyx;  leaves  ovate 


obiongis,  attenuatis,  ser-  j  oblong,  tapering,  serrate, 
ratis,.     Pursh,  l.  p.  19.      | 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  126. 
Walt.  p.  64. 
Mich.  1.  p.  16. 

Stem  acutely  4  angled.  Leaves  nearly  sessile,  finely  serrate,  pu- 
bescent. Bracteas  strongly  veined.  Corolla  small,  blue,  and  with 
the  calyx  very  hairv. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina  and  Georgia.  Sent  from 
Athens  by  Mr.  Green 

Flowers  July— September. 


DTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


81 


SALVIA.     Cfn.  PL.  50 


Corolla  iiifcqualis.  Fil- 
amcnta  transverse  pedi- 
cello  attixa. 

1.  Lyuata.' 

S.  foliis  ra(licalil)us  ly- 
ratis,  dcnlatis ;  corolla- 
rum  galea  brcvissima  ; 
caule  siib-apbyllo,  retror- 
sum  piloso.     Vabl.  1.  p. 


Corolla  unequal.  Fil- 
aments lixed  transversely 
on  a  foot  stalk. 

Radical  leaves  lyrate, 
dentate;  upper  lip  of  tlic 
corolla  very  sbort ;  Stem 
nearly  leafless,  retrorse- 


I 


ly  pubescent. 


S|).  pi.  1.  p.  128. 

Walt.  p.  65.     Mich.   I.  p.  14. 

Clayt.  p.  6.  No.   19  and  391. 

Rout  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  2 — .3  feet  high,  square,  furrow- 
ed, iiirsutc,  branched  near  the  suinmit.  Leaves  opposite;  the  radical 
leaves  crowded,  lyrate  and  pinnatilid,  obtuse,  strongly  veined,  hirsute, 
dotted,  irregularly  toothed,  spotted  with  purple;  the  upper  leaves 
lanceolate,  slightly  toothed.  Flowers  in  6-flowered-whorls.  Cali/.v 
one  leaved,  bilabiate,  angled,  hirsute,  persistent;  upper  lip  broad, 
truncate,  armed  with  3  sharp  teeth;  the  lower  longer,  2  cleft,  seg- 
ments acute.  Corolla  bilabiate,  hairy  on  the  outside,  blue ;  tube 
twice  as  long  as  the  calyx;  upper  lip  oxal.eniarginate;  the  lower  longer 
3  cleft;  the  lateral  segnicnts  obtuse;  the  middle  one  larger,  emarginate, 
spotted  at  base.  Filaments  2,  inserted  near  the  summit  of  the  tube. 
of  the  corolla,  fdiform,  bent,  bearing  a  curved  transverse  pedicel 
with  an  anther  at  each  end.  Anthers  ol)k»n';,  2  lobed,  blue.  (Does  not 
one  anther  approach  tiie  stigma  and  burst,  then  receile  and  allow  the 
other  to  rome  in  contact.')  Germ  su|)erii)r,  obtuse,  funowed.  Style 
fdiform,  longer  tlian  tiie  corolla,  unef|ually  2  cleft.  Sti;:^mn  simple, 
acute.  Vericarp  0,  but  the  persistent  calyx.  Seeds  4,  obovate,  an-, 
gled  on  the  inner  side. 

Grows  in  shaded  places.     Very  common. 

Flowers  March — September.         Lyre-leaved  Sage.     Cancer-weed. 

The  fresh  radical  leaves  of  this  plant  when  bruised  and  applied  to 
warts  generally  destroy  them.  It  is  necessary  to  continue  the  appli- 
cation for  a  day  or  two  and  to  renew  it  everv  twelve  hours.  'Hie  ra- 
dical leaves  of  tlie  Hieraciuin  Gronovii  are  employed  for  the  satne  pur- 
pose, and  it  is  said  witii  etpial  ellect.  Before  tJHMr  bloom,  these  plants 
are  oltcn  mistaken  for  each  other  by  |ii'rM)i)s  unskilled  in  botany,  the 
leaves  of  each  being  hairy  and  purplish  underneath. 


i^ 


DIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


Leaves  cordate-ovate, 
sinuate,  toothed,  rugose  ; 
teeth  of  the  upper  lip  of 
the  calyx  connivent. 


2.  Claytoni.     E. 

S.  foliis  cordato-ovatis, 
siiuiatis,  dentatis,  rugosis ; 
calycis  dentibus  lahii  su- 
perioris  conniventibus.  E. 

Clayton,  p.  5.  No.  272. 
Salvia  Vcrbenaca,  Muhl.  Cat. 

Root  thick,  almost  tuberous.,  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  erect, 
nearly  a  foot  bigh.  Leaves  ovate  and  cordate,  lanceolate,  pinnatifid, 
the  segments  toothed,  nijiose,  pubescent  on  the  veins  and  maroins. 
Flower f'  in  6  Howered  whorls.  Bracteas?  2,  at  the  base  of  each  whorl, 
cordate-ovate,  acuminate,  toothed,  pubescent.  Calyx  somewhat  cam- 
pauulate,  bilabiate,  hispid  along  the  veins  and  margin;  upper  lip  3  tooth- 
ed, teetli  connivent;  the  lower  lip  longer.  2  cleft,  tlie  st'^ments  acu- 
minate, mucronate.  Transverse  filament,  bearing  an  anther  at  each 
extremity.     Jinthers  nearly  black. 

•  This  plant  Is  probably  not  distinct  from  the  S.  Verbenaca  of  Europe, 
but  it  is  certainly  very  different  from  the  S.  lyrata;  besides  the  dif- 
ferences noticed  in  the  specific  character,  its  leaves  are  more  rugose 
and  less  hirsute,  more  ri;;id;and  its  corolla  comparatively  much  smaller- 
Grows  in  the  dry  sandy  pastures  around  Beaufort,  abundantly. 


Flowers  throuiih  the  whole  summer. 


Vervain-leaved  Sasre. 


Leaves  ovate  o])long, 
doubly  serrate  ;  calyx 
three  toothed,  upper  seg- 
ment three  tootiied. 


3.  Urticifolia. 

S.  foliis  ovato-oblongis, 
dupiicato-serratis  ;  caly- 
cibus  tridentatis,  lacinia 
sun) ma  tridentata.  Sp. 
pi.  1.  p.  131. 

Mich.  1   p.  15. 
Clayt,  p.  5.  No.  272. 

Leaves  ovate,  irregularly  dentate,  acuminate  at  the  summit,  abrupt- 
ly narrowed  at  base,  very  pubescent.  (Spike  naked,  whorls  remote, 
calyx  downy,  3  cleft,  segments  short.     Mich.) 

Grows  in  the  upper  districts  of  Georgia  and  Carolina.  Very  com- 
mon. ^ 

Flowers—  JS^ettle-leaved  Sa^e. 


4.  COCCINEA. 

5.  fohis  cordatis,  acutis, 

tomentosisj  serratis  -,  co- 


Leaves  cordate,  acute, 
tomentose,  serrate ;    co- 


DtANDRlA  MONOGYPriA, 


88 


ml  la  twice  as  long;  as  the 
calyx,  and  Jiarrower, 


rollis  calyce  duplo  loni];i- 
onl)us,  aiigustioribus.  Sp. 
pi.  i.  p.  141. 

Mich.  1.  p.  15. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  erect,  much  branched,  1 — 2  feet 
high.  Leaves  soinetime>*  obtuse  at  base,  liairy  urjderneatb,  on  petioles 
!C — 3  inches  long.  Fluwert)  in  G  flowered  whorls,  in  reality  composed 
of  2  opposite,  3  flowered  peduncles.  Segments  of  the  caly.r  acute, 
the  upper  one  a  little  rellexed.  Coro^i'a  bright  scarlet;  tlie  upper  lip 
erect,  short,  emarginate;  the  lower  lip  larger,  3  lobed ;  the  middle 
lobe  larger,  -2  clelt.  Transverse  fi'ament  scarlet,  bearing  an  anther 
only  at  one  extremity. 

Grows  on  the  southern  islands  of  Georgia.  In  the  streets  of  Beau- 
fort, common. 

Flowers  through  the  whole  summer.  Scarlet  Sn^e. 


5.  AzcREA.     La  Marck. 

S.  tbliis  longo-liiieari- 
bus,  Isevibus;  calyce  pu- 
bentc,  brcvissime  trilido. 


Leaves  long,  linear, 
smooth  ;  calyx  pubes- 
cent, 3  cleft,  segments 
very  short. 


La  Marck,  Encyc.  6.  p.  625. 
S.  angubtil'ola,  Alich.  l.p.  15. 
S.  Ctt'Iestina .''  Bartram. 
S.  acuminata,  Muhl.  Cat. 
S.  Mexicana  ?  Walt.  p.  65. 
Root  perennial.     Stem  6  feet  high,  much  branched.     Upper  leaves 
linear,  very  entire;  (lower  leaves  lanceolate,  serrate.     Mich.)     Flow- 
ers  large,  azure,  very  beautiful.     (Teeth  of  tlie  calyx  rounded,  upper 
one  nearly  entire.     Midi  ) 

I  have  never  seen  this  plant  growing.  I  have  received,  however, 
many  specimens  of  it,  and  in  them  tlie  leaves  have  been  invariably  li- 
near, entire,  smooth,  not  at  all  acuminate. 

Since  writing  the  above  1  have  been  informed  by  Dr.  Baldwin  that, 
this  species  varies  with  the  corolla  blue,  and  white,  with  the  lower 
leaves,  and  sometimes  all  the  leaves,  lanceolate,  pubescent.  This  last 
variety  I  had  found  on  Hilton  Hca  !,  and  in  Catham  county,  Georgia, 
and  considered  it  as  a  distinct  species. 

Grows  in  the  upper  country  ot  Georgia  and  Carolina.     Mr.  Lyon< 


Flowers  through  the  summer. 


lYarruiv  leaved  Sas;e. 


6.  Obovata.     E. 

S.     foliis    majusculis, 
obovatis,  dentatis,  pubcs. 


Leaves  lar2;e,  obovatc, 
toothed,  piibei^ccnt :  flow^ 


34!  DIANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 

centibus  ;  floribus  in  ver-  |  ers  in  6  flowered  whorls, 
ticillis  6-floris.     E.  | 

Stem  18  inches  his;h,  slightly  angled.  Leaves  6i  inches  long,  4i 
wide,  the  upper  pair  approximate  as  if  in  a  whorl. 

Grows  near  the  Oakmulgee  river,  Georgia.  From  the  specimens 
of  Mr.  Lyon. 

Flowers  June — July.  Downy-leaved  Sage. 

Mr.  John  Lyon,  an  indefatigable  and  ingenious  botanist,  passed  the 
summer  of  1803  in  the  territory  of  the  Creeks,  and  in  the  western 

f>arts  of  Georgia.  In  the  following  winter  he  had  the  kindness  to 
eave  his  specimens  in  my  hands  for  two  or  three  months,  for  exami- 
nation, while  he  made  an  excursion  into  Florida.  From  that  collec- 
tion I  described  many  plants,  and  shall  introduce  a  few  of  them  in 
the  course  of  this  work.  I  must  however  remark,  that  the  specimens- 
were  not  in  very  good  order;  that  they  were  generally  solitary, 
so  that  I  could  not  dissect  them  ;  and  that  my  knowledge  of  the 
plants  of  this  country  was  at  that  time  very  limited. 


COLLINSONIA.     Gen.  pl.  51. 


Corolla  unequal ;  low- 
er  lip  many  cleft,  seg- 
ments capillary.  Sta^ 
mens  S — *.  Seed  4,  a 
generally  abortive. 

Leaves  broad,  cordate- 
ovate,  glabrous  ;  teeth  of 
the  calyx  short,  subulate ; 
the  panicle  terminal, 
compound. 

Sp.  pl.  1.  p.  152.     Mich.  1.  p.  17. 

(Leaves  large,  cordate-ovate,  Mich.)  Leaves  very  obtuse  at  base 
rather  tiian  cordate,  toothed,  acuminate.  Flowers  large,  yellow. 
Varies,  according  to  the  observations  of  Pursh  ; 

a.  With  leaves  cordate,  the  upper  ones  very  entire. 

h.  With  leaves  ovate,  tapering  at  base,  all  serrate. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina,  Dr.  Macbride. 

Flowers  September.  Canadian  Collinsonia. 


Corolla  insequalis  ;  la- 
bio  inferiore  multilido, 
capillar!.  Stamina  2 — 4. 
Semina  4,  3  plerumque 
abortientia. 

1.  Canadensis. 

C.  foliis  lato-cordato- 
ovatis,  glabris ;  calycis 
dentibus  brevi-subulatis ; 
panicula  terminali  com- 
posita.     Pursh,  1.  p.  20. 


DIANDRIA   MONOGINIA. 


35 


Leaves  small,  ovate, 
slii2;luly  cordate  and  Iiairy; 
teeth  of  tlie  calyx  short, 
suhiilatc  ;  panicle  termi- 
nal, simple;    stem  haijy, 


rough. 


2.    SCABRA. 

C.  foliis  minorihns  ova- 
tis,  suhcordalis,  pilosius- 
culis  ;  calycis  dcntihus 
brevi-sul)uialis  ;  panicu- 
la  teni.inali  simpliciiiscu- 
la  ;  caule  piloso,  scabro. 
Pursh,  i.  p.  So. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  152. 

C.  prsecox,  Walt,  p.  65. 

C.  purpurea,  Oemler. 

Root  perennial^  Stem  herbaceous,  2 — 5  feet  high,  s(|uare,  furrow- 
ed, glabrous  near  the  root,  above  pubescent,  with  g  andular  capitate 
hair.  leaves  opposite,  very  obtuse,  sometimes  a  little  cordate,  sliglit- 
\y  acuminate,  rugose  ;  slightly  scabrous  on  the  upper  surface  ;  smooth 
and  dotted  on  the  under  ;  2 — 2A  inches  long,  1 — 2  broad  ;  petioles 
nearly  an  inch  long.  Flowers  in  simple,  terminal,  naked  racemes. 
Calyx  pubescent,  persistent,  the  border  4  cleft,  half  as  long  as  the 
tube  ;  segments  lanceolate,  the  2  upper  ones  broadest.  Coralla,  the 
tube  cylindrical,  pubescent,  yellowish;  the  upper  lip  3."^  cleft,  seg- 
ments obtuse,  equal,  yellowiRh,  spotted  with  purple  ;  the  lower  lip 
longer, dilated,  fimbriate,  purple.  Filaments  2,  much  longer  tlian  the 
corolla.  ./jH^/zfrs  incumbent,  2  lobed,  purple.  Germs  A}  fixed  in  a 
torus,  and  furnished  with  an  ovate  gland  on  one  side.  Style  filiform, 
as  long  as  the  stamens,  2  cleft.  Stigma  simple,  acute,  sometimes 
unequal.     Seeds  oval,  glabrous,  angled  on  one  side. 

Grows  near  Savannah.  Found  by  Mr.  Oemler,  and  cultivated  by 
him  as  a  new  species.  Resembles  too  nearly  the  C.  scabriuscula  of 
the  Kort.  Kew.  to  be  separated  from  it.     St.  John's,  Dr.  Macbridc. 

Flowers  September — November.  Bough-leaved  CoUinsouia. 


3.  OvALis.     Pursli. 

C.  foliis  oblongo-ovali- 
bus,  utrinquc  sul)acutis, 
glahris  ;  petiolis  lonii;issi- 
mis  ;  calycis  dentil)us 
brevissimis  ;  panicula 
terminali ,  simplici,  nu- 
diuscula ;  caule  glabro. 
Pursh,  1.  p.  SI. 


Leaves  oblong-oval, 
acute  at  each  end,  gla- 
brous; petioles  very  long; 
teeth  of  the  calyx  very 
short ;  panicle  terminal, 
simple,  naked  ;  stem  gla- 
brous. 


Flowers  very  small,  yellow. 
Found  in  Carolina  by  Mr.  Fraser. 
Flowers  Au";ust. 


36 


DIANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


4.  TuBEROSA.     Mich. 

C.  foliis  subrhombei- 
ovalibus,  utrinqiie  acutis, 
glabris ;  calycis  dentibus 
setaceisjtubo  longioribus ; 
panicula  composita,  folio- 
sa ;  caule  ramoso,  sub- 
villoso.     Pursh,  1.  p.  si. 


Leaves  somewhat  rhom- 
boid-oval, acute  at  each 
end,  glabrous;  teeth  of 
the  calyx  setaceous,  long- 
er than  the  tube  ;  panicle 
compound,  leafy  ;  stem 
branching,  somewhat 
hairy. 


Leaves  large,  rhomboidal  or  oval,  with  large 


Mich.  1.  p.  17.  ^ 

C.  serotina,    Walt.  p.  65. 

Stem  5 — 4  feet  high 
and  somewhat  hooked  serratures,  thinly  sprinkled  wit    hair,  on  long 
footsalks,  excepting  the  upper  pair,  which,  as  described  by  Walter, 
are  ovate,  nearly  heart-shaped  and  sessile. 

Grows  in  the  middle  and  upper  country  of  Carolinaj  in  fertile  sOil». 

Flowers  September. 


6.  Punctata. 

C.  foliis  ovato-lanceo- 
latis,  acuminatis,  basi  acu- 
tis, subtus  pubescentil>us 
punctatisque  ;  panicula 
composita.     E. 


Leaves  ovate-lanceo- 
late, acuminate,  acute  at 
base,  pubescent  under- 
neath, and  dotted  -,  pani- 
cle compound. 


Root  tuberous,  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  erect,  2 — 6  feet  high, 
scabrous,  pubescent,  branched  near  the  summit.  Leaves  opposite, 
large,  dentate,  scabrous,  pubescent  on  the  upper  surface,  almost  to- 
mentose  on  the  lower,  acute,  sometimes  acuminate  at  each  end  ;  up- 
per pair  ovate,  nearly  sessile.  Flowers  in  paniculate  racemes.  Ped- 
unc  es^culya^,  corolla,  and  under  surface  of  the  leaves  sprinkled  with 
resinous  atoms.  Upper  lip  of  the  calyx  5  cleft ;  the  lower  lip  longer, 
S  cleft,  segments  all  acute.  Corolla  yellowish,  pubescent  without, 
hairy  within  ;  the  upper  segments  equal,  short,  obtuse  ;  the  lower  one 
longer,  fimbriate,  t'itaments  4;  the  2  upper  ones  short,  capitate,  ste- 
rile ;  the  2  lower  filiform,  twice  as  long  as  the  corolla.  Anthers  obr 
Jong,  furrowed.     Seeds  globose,  shining  ;  1  or  2  coming  to  maturity. 

Grows  in  rich  loose  soils.     Frequent. 

Flowers  September — October. 


6.  Verticillata.     Baldwin. 
^  C.  foliis  vertici]latis,oval 
jbus,  acuminatis.    B. 


Leaves  verticillate,  oval 


and  acuminate. 


DIANDRIA   DIGYNIA* 


87 


Stem  simple,  hei-h.-tcooiis,  erect,  commonly  about  one  foot  high. 
yinicers  in  a  terminal  verticillate  raceme.     B. 

Var.  b.  purpurascens;  with  flowers  of  a  purplish  colour,  and  panicle 
short 

Var.  a.  jjrnws  near  Milledjievillo,  between  the  Oconee  and  Oak- 
inul:;ee  rivers,  Georgia  ;*far.  6.  near  Crooked  river  bridge,  Camdea 
county,  (Jeorjria. 

Flowers  May.  Verticillate -leaved  Collinsonia. 


7.  Anisata.     Sims. 

C.  foliis  ovatis.  corda- 
tis,  rugosis,  glabiiusculis, 
nervis  subtus  pubesccnti- 
biis  ;  calycis  dentil)us  li- 
nearil)us,  tubum  subse- 
quantibiis ;  panicula  coni- 
posita,  foiiosa,  pubes- 
cente;  floribus  tetrandris ; 
caule  ranioso,  pubes- 
cente.     Pursb,  1.  p.  21. 


Leaves  ovate,  cordate, 
rugose,  glabrous,  with  the 
nerves  underneath  pubes- 
cent ;  teeth  of  tlie  calyx 
linear,  nearly  as  long  as 
the  tul)e ;  panicle  com- 
pound, leafy,  pubescent ; 
flowers  tetrandrous;  stem 
branching,  pubescent. 


Bot.  Mag.  No.  1213. 
Flowers  large,  pale  yellow. 

Found  in  the  mountains  of  Georgia,  by  Mr.  Lyon. 
Flowers  July — September.  winise-scented  CoUinsonitt. 


^/wv^^v  vww-v  W^i  wv  w^  vw  \ 


DimDRIA  DIGYNM. 


vwvw  vw  wx.  vv%«  \ 


ANTHOXANTHUM.     Gen.  pl.  58. 


Caljfx,  gluma  bivalvis, 
uniflora.  Corolla,  gluma 
bivalvis,  aristata.  Semen 
1. 

1.  Odoratum. 

A.  spica  oblonga,  ova- 
ta  ;  flosculis  sub-pedun- 
culatis,  arista  longioribus. 
Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  15G. 

Mich.  1.  p.  39. 


Ci2(?/i:,  glume  2  valved, 
one  flowered.  Corolla, 
glume  3  valved,  awued. 
Seed  1. 


Spike 


oblong. 


ovate 


flowers  on  short  pedun- 
cles, longer  than  the  awn. 


zs 


DlANDRlA    DIGYNIA. 


Root  fibrous,  perennial.  Stem  erect,  assurgent,  1  foot  high,  a  lit- 
tle scabrous  near  the  summit.  Leaves  linear,  acute,  slightly  furrow- 
ed, flat,  hairj,  a  little  scabrous  at  base,  ending  in  a  striated  sheath 
shorter  than  the  joints,  hairy  at  the  throat.  Stipule  membranaceous, 
glabrous,  ovate,  2 — 3  lines  long.  Flowers  in  an  appressed  terminal 
panicle,  crowded,  resembling  a  cylindrical  spike,  Calyx,  exterior 
valve  ovate,  acute,  membranaceous,  the  midrib  green,  hairy;  the  in- 
terior valve  similar,  but  twice  as  long,  obscurely  3  nerved.  Corolla^ 
valves  equal,  shorter  than  the  outer  valve  of  the  calyx,  truncate,  vil- 
lous :  with  an  awn  at  the  base  of  each  valve  ;  awn  of  the  outer  valve 
as  long  as  the  calyx,  a  little  geniculate  in  the  middle  :  awn  of  the  inner 
straight  and  as  long  as  the  valve  itself.  Filaments  2,  longer  than  the 
calyx,  capillary,  expanding  through  the  sides  of  the  glumes.  Anthers 
2  lobed,  einarginate  at  each  end,  white.  Germ  lanceolate,  acute. 
Sti/lers  2,  filiform,  longer  than  the  corolla.  Sti^nas  feathered,  white. 
Seed  one,  oblong. 

Probably  imported,  now  common.     Found  S  miles  from  Savannah, 
on  the  Oj^echee  road,  and  near  Ciiarleston. 
Flowers  May — June. 


ERI ANTHUS.     Mich.  1 .  p.  54. 


Calyx  bivalvis,  subse- 
qualis,  f)asi  villosissima. 
Corolla  bivalvis,  inajqiia- 
lis,  glumi  inttM'iore  juxta 
apicem  longissime  aris- 
tata. 


4.  Alopecuroides. 

E.  \illis  involucranti- 
bus  calyce  multo  longio- 
ribus;  aristi:5  rectis.     E. 


Calyx  2  valved,  the 
valves  nearly  equal,  very 
villous  at  base.  Corolla 
3  valved,  unequal,  the 
inner  glume  bearing  a 
very  long  awn  near  its 
summit. 


I  Hair  like  involucrum, 
I  much  longer  than  the 
I  calyx  ;  awns  straight. 


E.  Saccharoides,  Mich.  1.  p.  55. 
Anthoxanthum  giganteum,   Walt.  p. 
Andropogon  alopecuroides,  Sp.  pi.  4. 
Saccharum  giganteum,  Pursh,  I.  p.  73 


911. 


Root  fibrous,  perennial,  forming  large  tufts.  Stem  herbaceous,  erect 
6 — 10  feet  liigh,  a  little  scabrous,  near  the  panicle  very  villous.  Leaves 
2 — 3  feet  long,  6 — 8  lines  wide,  acute,  scarcely  channelled,  striate, 
serrulate,  scabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  hairy  on  the  under,  at  base 
terminating  in  a  scabrous  sheath  shorter  than  the  joints,  very  villous 
at  the  throat.  Stipu  e  membranaceous,  ciliate.  Mowers  in  a  crowd- 
ed, very  villous  panicle;  2 — 3  spikelets  from  each  bud  or  eye:  ulti- 


DIANDRIV  DIGYNIA.  39 

^late  butis  two  flow 0 red,  I  sitting;,  1  pedunculate,  both  andro<;ynou3. 
Caly.Vj  cxtoriitf  valve  lanrcolate,  slisjhtly  acimiinate,  the  back  llatteii- 
cd,  i\u\  unifies  near  tbe  summit  serrulate.  Humiuit  bifid  ;  interior  valve 
shorter,  compressed,  very  acute,  the  back  serrulate,  the  hair  at  the 
base  about  twice  as  loni;-  as  the  calyx.  Corulla  unequal,  shorter  than 
the  calyx,  tirtSt'd  with  purple;  the  exterior  valve  lari;er,  very  acute, 
membianaceous  ;  the  interior  much  smaller,  (he  point  terminating;  in  a 
scabrous  awn  -4 — G  times  as  Ion;;  as  tlic  calyx.  Filamfuts  "2,  longer 
than  the  calyx,  capillary,  jlnthem  briirht  yelhtw,  Ocrni  oblong. 
Stifles  !2,  shorter  than  the  calyx,     iiti^mns  feathered,  purj)le. 

Grows  in  wet  ground  and  in  shallow  stajjnant  water. 

Flowers  September — October.  Fu.v-luil  Erianthus, 

2.  BuEviBARBis.     Mich. 

E.  paniculu  sub-paten-  |  Panicle  ratlier  spread- 
te;  villis  involucrantibus  |  ing;  hair  like  involucrum 
calyce  brevioribus;  aris-  |  shorter  than  the  cuhx; 
tis  rectis.     E.  j  awns  straiglit. 

Mich.  1.  p.  55. 

Saccharum  brcvibarbe,  Pursh,  1.  p.  73. 

StPm  3 — 5  feet  hif^h,  near  the  panicle  scabrous  and  a  little  hairy, 
upper  joints  bearded.  Leaves  lanceolate,  1  —  H.  feet  long,  3 — 5  lines 
broad,  somewhat  scabrous,  hairy  at  base;  sheath  shorter  than  the  joints, 
glabrous,  the  throat  contracted,  hairy.  Stipule  membranaceous,  la- 
cerate. Flowers  in  a  crowded  appresseil  jwinicle,  1 — •2  spikelets 
from  each  bud.  Caly.v,  valves  nearly  equal,  hairy  along  the  margins, 
Derved,  dark  purple,  the  nerves  frequently  sj)inous.  Corolla,  valves 
purplish,  edges  of  the  valves  hairy;  the  interior  valvtf  terminating  in. 
a  scabrous  awn  2  or  3  times  as  long  as  the  calyx.  ^'Inthers  purple. 
Stigmas  feathered  purple. 

Grows  in  dry  and  damp  ground  (not  inundated)  indiscriminately. 

Flowers  September — October.  Short  bearded  Kriant/ins. 

Dr.  Baldwin  remarks  that  the  nectary  in  this  genus  is  conifjosed 
of  two  very  small,  oblong,  bidentate  scales,  with  a  fine  bristle  between 
the  teeth,  situated  at  the  base  of  the  irerm,  and  connected  by  a  thin 
membranous  valvule;  valvules  lanceolate,  twice  the  length  of  tbe. 
nectaries. 

3.  Strictus.     Baldwin. 

E.  involucro  brcvissi-  |  TnvolMcriim  very  short 
mo  vel  0;  |)aiiicula  arete  |  or  0;  panicle  closely  ap- 
appressa,  rainuhs  renio-  |  pressed,  the  branches  re- 
tis;  peduncidis  billoi is ;  |  mote  ;  peduncles  two 
aristis  rectis,  calyce  duplo  j  (lowered;  awns  straight, 
longioribus.     B.  |  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx. 


40  DlANDRTA   DIGYNIA. 

Stem  A — 6  feet  high,  with  the  joints  all  smooth.  Leaves  very  long, 
scabrous  alons;  the  edges.  Panicle  from  one  to  near  two  feet  in  length. 
Spikes  scattered,  very  closely  appressed ;  spikelets  uniformly  2  flow- 
ered Invohicrum  composed  of  a  few  scattered  hairs  about  one  third 
the  length  of  the  calyx,  sometimes  entirely  wanting.  Nerves  of  the 
calyx  spinous.  JintherSf  stigmas^  nectaries  and  their  appendage  pur- 
ple.    B. 

Grows  near  Savannah. 

Flowers  August — September.  Close-panicled  Erianthus. 

4.    CONTORTUS. 

E.  villisinvoliicrantibus  |  Hairy  invohicrum  as 
calycern  frquantlbiis;  val-  |  long  as  the  calyx;  interi- 
va  interiore  corollse  auri-  |  or  valve  of  the  coroUa 
culata;  arista  spiraliter  |  auriculated;  awn  spiral- 
contorta.     Baldwin.  |  ly  contorted. 

Stem  erect,  terete,  somewhat  scabrous  near  tlie  summit,  bearded  at  the 
joints.  Leaves  long, linear  lanceolate, scabrousalongthe  maru;ins, beard- 
ed at  the  throat.  Panicle  closely  appressed.  Flowers  2  at  each  joint  or 
bud  of  the  branches,  one  sessile,  the  other  on  a  pedicel.  Valves  of  tlie 
calyx  nearly  equal;  the  exterior  acute;  the  interior  a  little  shorter, 
slightly  2  cleft;  both  serrulate  and  having  a  few  long  hairs  scattered 
along  the  margin.  Exterior  valve  of  the  corolla  membranous,  acute, 
shorter  than  tiie  calyx;  the  interior  still  shorter,  awned;  the  awn  is 
composed  by  the  junction  of  tl\e  two  lateral  nerves  of  the  valve,  in 
this  species,  they  meet  just  above  the  middle  of  the  valve,  leaving  the 
summit  deeply  two  cleft;  awn  spiral  and  contorted  near  its  base. 
Seed  oblong,  slightly  obovate. 

This  species  was  first  brought  to  my  view  by  specimens  sent  me 
from  Savannah  by  Dr.  Baldwin ;  I  have  since  found  it  on  Chaileston 
Neck  growing  in  damp  soils. 

Flowers  October.  Spiral-awned  Erianthus. 

The  three  last  species  were  certainly  united  in  the  E.  brevibarbis 
of  Michaux,  they  appear,  however,  to  be  sufficiently  distinct. 


TRrANDRlA   MONOGYNIA. 


4i 


CLASS  III. 


TKIANDRIA. 

MO.yoGr.vr^. 

52. 

AT^.^xvN^IIU8. 

53 

MILIUM. 

24 

rOFRIIV  VVI\. 

54. 

[•VSI'M.UM. 

25. 

Fr.Di  \ 

55. 

CKRK.ai  V. 

26 

TKIITKRELLA. 

56 

PHLKlNf, 

27 

IXI.\. 

57 

ALO:  ECURUS. 

28. 

(IMS. 

58 

PA  NIC U. VI. 

29 

LVCIINAVTHES. 

.59. 

DK.nARIA. 

30. 

COMMKLINA. 

60 

AfJRO^TIS. 

31. 

SYKNA 

61. 

SIIPV. 

32 

SIIITUCIDA. 

6  J. 

AHISTIDA. 

33. 

XYKIS. 
Fril{KV\,    —  A? 

63. 

ANDROFOGON. 

S4. 

64. 

AFUA 

35 

KYL!.I\(;T\. 

€j 

MELICA. 

36. 

SCHOEXUS. 

66. 

DACIYLIS. 

HIIYN<;ilOSl'ORA. 

67. 

POA. 

38. 

CYPERl  S 

68 

nitizv. 

39 

nUMCMIUM. 

69. 

UXIOLA. 

40. 

MAIU.SCUS.  - 

70 

FESTUCA. 

41. 

SCIRI'US.      — 

71 

BRO.VIUS. 

42. 

UlCMRHOMEVA. 

72 

AVENA. 

43 

TRICIIOITORUM. 

73. 

ELELSINTK. 

44 

EllOPUORUM.    — 

/^^  -                 74 

75 

MONOCKRA. 

45. 

(JE\(;i:UU3- 

CIILORIS. 

46 

SPARTINV. 

76. 

ROTI'MOELLIA. 

47. 

AKUXDIWRIA. 

77. 

KLY.MUS. 

DIGYVU 

TRfCrA'U. 

48 

MUHLKVPKRGiA. 

78. 

FROSF.RPlXVCA. 

49 

TRICkOinUM. 

79. 

POLYCARPON. 

50 

LEKKSIA. 

SO 

MOLLU(,0. 

51. 

PUALAKIS. 

81. 

LECHEA. 

BOKRHAAVIA.     Gen.  pi,,  ri. 


Cnhjx  inar2;o  integer- 
rinuis.  Corolla  l-pctahi, 
canipanulata.  plicata.  Se- 
men 1,  nudum,  iiilcruin. 

i.    EUECTA. 

B.  caule  tcrcti,  tricho- 
tonu),  iiiferne  subscal)ro, 
supLMUc  glal)ro  ;  floril)us, 
corymboso  paiiiculatis. 

Sp.  pi.  l.p.  10.     Pursh,  l.p.  3*1 


CciJjix  a  iiiara;in.  entire. 
Corolla  1  pctalled,  cam- 
pan  ulate,  plaited.  Seed 
one,  naked,  below. 

Stem  columnar,  tiicho- 
tomous,  ioiii!;hened  be- 
lo\v,smool\)  above ;  flow- 
ers in  corymbose  pani- 
cles. 


i!% 


TRIANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


Root  annual.  (SY^m  jointed,  when  mature  scarcely  viscid.  Leaves 
opposite,  ovate,  sometimes  cordate,  undulate,  the  upper  surface  of  the 
veins  and  margins  purple,  beneath  a  little  glaucous  ;  peduncles  very 
short,  smooth.  Calyx  a  minute  glandular  ring,  surrounding  tl  e  base 
of  the  corolla,  scarcely  visible.  Corolla  seated  on  the  summit  of  the 
germ,  white,  tinged  with  purple.  Filaments  generally  '2,  sometimes 
5  or  more,  longer  than  the  corolla,  attached  to  its  base.  Anthers  bilo- 
cular.  Germ  infeiior,  clavate.  Style  as  long  as  the  corolla.  Stigma 
capitate.  Capsule  ?  inversely  conic,  5  furrowed,  ^eed  one,  oblong, 
bipartible,  covered  with  a  furrowed  integument,  which  udheres  to  the 
capsule  at  each  extremity. 

Grows  in  dry  and  sandy  soils  Around  Beaufort,  commoti.  Per- 
jiaps  imported,  now  completely  naturalized. 

Flowers  June — September. 


FEDIA.     G.ERT. 


Calyx  ?\v^t\\\'^.^ — 5  den- 
tatus.  Corolla  5. partita, 
re^uJaris  et  irregularis. 
J\iix  ?  2 — 3  locularis. 

!•   Rmjiata. 

F.  caule  dichotomo ; 
foliis  oblongis,  obtusis  ; 
capitulis  i  ivolucratis.  Sp. 
pi.  1.  p.  184. 

Mich.  1.  p.  18.     Pursh,  1.  p  28. 
Valeriana  locusta,    Walt.  p.  GG. 

Root  annual.  Stem  erect  and  ascending,  columnar,  pubescent, 
nearly  1  foot  high.  Leaves  opposite,  sessile,  entire,  oblong,  a  little 
epathulate.  Flowers  in  terminal  heads,  f  Fruit  pubescent,  some- 
what 4  angled,  naked  at  the  summit,  Mich.) 

Grows  in  St.  Stephens — Dr.  Macbride.  At  Mr.  Middleton's  at 
Ashlfly  river.  Common  at  the  Coweta  towns,  on  the  Chatahouchie, 
pr.  Baldwin. 

Flowers  February — Murch. 


superior,  3 — 5 
toothed.  Corolla  5  part- 
ed, regular  and  in*egular. 
Fruit  a  nut .?  2 — 3  celled. 

Stem  dichotomous  ; 
leaves  oblong,  obtuse  : 
flowers  in  heads  with  an 
involucrum  at  the  base. 


TRIPTERELLA,     Mich. 

Corolla  sexpartita,  la-  |       Corolla  six  parted,  the 
ciniis  alternis  minoiibus,  |  alternate  segments  small. 


TRIANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


43 


conniven*.    Capsule  3  an- 
glecl,  3  celled. 


Flowers  in  a  terminal 
ad  :  ani^les  ot  tl 
scarcely  winged. 


head  :  ani^les  ot  the  germ 


conniventibiH.  Cajtsula 
3-angularis,  3-locularis. 

1.   CAi'irAT^.      Mk;ii. 

T.  floril)Us  in  capitulo 
terniinuli  ;  gerinine  ali- 
gn lis  suhaptero.     E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  19.  Pursli,  1.  p.  28. 
Aiiori.  capital.     Walt.  p.  G9. 

Hoot  fibrous,  annual  ?  Stem  erect,  setaceous,  6-^8  inches  hijjh,  gla- 
brous. Leavefi  alternate,  subulate,  very  minute.  CoraUa  white,  di- 
lated at  base,  clothing  and  adherin<^  to  the  caj)sule. 

Grows  in  damp  soils  in  the  middle  districts  of  South-Carolina.  Dr. 
Macbride — Mr.  llorbemont. 

Flowers  September.  Cluster -jloivered  Tripterella. 


S.    CaMHLEA. 

T.      florihus      paucis 
(;?  -5)  in   racenio  ternii- 


iiah ;      germnie 
alato. 


an< 


:uli^ 


Burmania  biflora.  Sp.  pi.  2.  p. 
Clavton,  49.  No.  248. 


Flowers  few,  in  a  ter- 
minal raceme;  angles  of 
the  germ  distinctly  wing, 
ed. 

16.     Pursli,  1.  p.  217. 


Hoot  fibrous,  annual .''  Stem  herbaceous,  erecf,  setaceous,  2 — 4  inched 
hi^h.  Leaves  n\inute,  subulate,  //rac^fas  >*  2,  unequal,  small,  lance- 
olate, concave,  the  lower  one  longer.  I'alyx  0.  Corolla  one  petal  led,  ti 
])arted,  bright  a/.ure  ;  base  clothing  the  germ:  tube  contracted;  bor- 
der six  parted  ;  3  sei!;meuts  apparently  exterior,  large,  acute,  erect,  co- 
riaceous in  the  centre,  membranaceous  along  the  mar_^in  ;  the  3  smal- 
ler segments  linear,  coriaceous,  inflexed,  conriivent.  F'dami'uts  3,  very 
short,  thick,  inserted  into  tlie  tube  of  the  corolla.  Jinthers  2  UAycA^ 
yellow.  Germ  inferior.'^  oblong,  3  sided,  angles  prominently  winj^ed  ; 
win^s  and  germ  a/.ure.  Style  filiform,  rather  thick,  as  long  as  the 
stamens,  5  cleft.  Utigwas  3,  globose,  apparently  cleft  on  the  sides. 
Capsule  3  celled,  3  valvcd,  winged.  Seeds  many  in  each  cell,  oval, 
attached  to  a  central  receptacle. 

Grows  i  1  wet  ground  among  Spha'2;niim  palustrc,  &c.  near  Savan- 
nah, Mr.  Oemler;  also  1  mile  from  IJce's  Creek,  along  the  road  to 
Purysburgh. 

Flowers  October — November.  IJlue  Tripterella. 

I  have  no  hesitation  in  referring  to  this  plant  the  Burmannia  biflora 
of  Linnseus.  The  description  of  Clayton  applies  minutely.  The  "3 
segments  from  the  side  of  the  pericarp  ri'->onil)linii!;  tlie  feathered,  of  an 
arrow,"  agree  with  the  dilated,  t  ou;ih  not  actually  featherd  win;j;s  of 
the  capsule.  The  si/.e.  (he  habitat,  the  time  ot"  lloweriny;,  all  acconl.  1 
should,  therefore,  at  once   have    placed  the  genus  Hurmannia  here; 


44 


TRIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


but  as  this  name  appropriatelj  belongs  to  the  B.  disticha,  we  mast 
A\ait  until  that  species  can  be  again  examined.  I  suspect  that  the  3  in- 
flexeil  segments  of  the  corolla  of  this  plant,  have  in  a  hasty  examina-» 
tion  been  considered  as  3  filaments,  and  the  genus  incorrectl)'  referred 
(u  Ilexandria, 


IXIA. 


Corolla   6 -partita,   pa- 
tens, jequalisj  tubo  recto. 


Corolla  6   parted,  ex- 
panding;, equal,  with  the 


tube  straight. 


Leaves  linear,  subulate, 
many  times  shorter  than- 
the  one  flowered  scape. 


1.    CfELESTINA. 

I.  foliis  linearl-subula- 
tis,  scapo  unifloro  multi- 
toties  brevioribus.  Sp. 
pi.  1.  p.  300. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  29.     Bartram's  Travels,  p.  152. 

This  plant  found  b}'  Mr.  Bertram  around  the  savannahs  of  Florida 
and  Georgia,  has  not  been  lately  seen.  No  doubt  hower  can  be  en- 
teititined  of  its  exiotence,  although  its  station  may  not  be  accurately 
known. 

Flowers  April — Maj. 

IRIS.     Gen.  pl.  <J7. 


Corolla  fi -partita,  laci- 
niis  alternis  reflexis. 
Stigmata  petaliformia. 

1.  Cristata. 

I.  barbata,  barba  cris- 
tata ;  scapo  suhunifloro, 
longitudine  foliorum ;  gcr- 
minibus  trigonis  :  petahs 
subfcqualibus.  8p.  pl.  i . 
p.   22i5. 

Mich.  1.  p.  22.     Pursh,  1.  p.  29. 

I.  verna,    Walt.  p.  67". 

(hoot  creeping.  Stem  compressed,  2 — 4  inches  high,  clothed  at 
base  with  ensiform  leaves.  Exteiidr  fetals  oblong,  obtuse,  entire, 
pale  blue,  yellow  in  the  middle,  witli  tliree  loniiitudinal,  undulated 
<3i-e6ts,  instead  of  a  beard;  interior pefat's  a  little  narrower,  entirely 


Corolla  6  parted,  al- 
ternate segments  reflex- 
cd.  Stigmas  resembhng 
petals. 

Bearded,  beard  crest- 
ed ;  scape  generally  one 
flowered,  as  long  as  the 
leaves  ;  gei  ms  3  angled ; 
petals  neaily  equal. 


TRIANDRIA  MONOOYNtA. 


45 


lilue.  FiliDnenta  and  Jlutlicrs  pnl»^  yellow.  Stifpnnn  pale  blii<?,  shorter 
than  tilt'  pft;il>.     Aitofi,  lloit.  Keu.  I^t  t'd.  1.  p.  TO.) 

Grows  in  tlic  dry  pine  barrens  of  tlie  middle  country;  very  com- 
mon about  Culunibia. 

Flowers  February — Marclu  Crested  Iris, 


Leaves  cnsiform  ; 
scape  culuiunar,  llexu- 
ous ;  germs  soniewluit 
three  angled  ;  stigmas 
fl  toothed  at  base. 


2.  Versicolor. 

I.  foliis  cnsirormil)iis  ; 
scapo  teieti  llexiioso ; 
gcrminil)us  siihtiigonis  ; 
sligmatibus  hasi  bidenta- 
tis.      Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  233. 

Walt.  p.  67.     Pursh,  1.  p.  29. 

Root  thick,  creeping.  Stem  3  feet  high,  flexuous  at  base,  fre- 
quently straight  towards  the  sununit.  sometimes  branched,  rather 
tailor  than  the  leaves.  Flowprs  "2 — 4  in  a  terminal  raceme.  Corolla 
with  the  segments  all  spathulate  ;  exterior  segments  wilier  than  the 
stigmas,  yellow,  variegated  Mith  purple,  pu!)escent  on  the  interior 
surface,  unbearded;  border  oval,  obtuse,  blue;  interior  segments 
simdar  but  smaller,  with  palor  colours,  and  shorter  than  the  stigmas. 
Filaments  inserted  into  the  tube  of  the  corolla.  Anthers  yellow,  li- 
near, two  celled,  tlie  cells  attached  to  the  sides  of  the  contracted  fila- 
ment. Germ  \\ii\\  the  angles  obtuse,  obscurely  furrowed.  «S////<?  short, 
triangular.  Siij^mas  strap-shaped,  •i  tooflieJ  near  the  base.  C-ay- 
sule  obtusely  3  angled,  ventricose,  3  celled. 

Gr  ws  in  ponds  and  along  fresh  water  streams;  very  common. 

Flowers  April — May.  Variegated  Iris. 

The  root  of  this  species  of  Iris  vs  r.strin^ient  to  the  taste,  and  when 
jjiven  in  the  form  of  a  decoction  is  decidedly  diuretic.  It  enters  vnto 
the  composition  of  a  very  successful  remedy  for  dropsy.  A  dcc«ctH»i> 
is  prepared  of  it  and  the  root  of  the  Kryngium  yurcifolium  in  the  pro- 
portion of  three-fourths  of  tiie  former  to  one-fourt!i  of  tlie  latter,  and 
given  to  adults  in  the  (piaiihty  of  a  pint  in  twelve  hours.  It  is  usual 
to  persevere  in  the  use  of  tliis  remedy  while  any  swelling  remains, 
ami  to  dimiiush  nv  increase  the  doses  according  to  the  elfe(  t  produred 
on  the  urinarv  discharge,  wliich  is  ireiierally  very  considerable,  'i'lii* 
preparation  seldom  or  neverdisturbs  tlie  bowels,  as  might  be  supposeil 
from  the  reputed  character  of  this  flaj:  as  a  cathartic  j  but  when  the 
proportion  of  the  Eryngium  is  too  great,  it  vomits. 


3.  Tripetalv.      Walt. 

I.  foliis  ensitbrmibijs ; 
caulc  teictf,roIiis  loMGjiore; 
rudimentis  pctalorum  in- 
teriorimi  tridentatis. 

Walt.  p.  6(). 

I.  trideiitata,  Pursh,  l.p.  30. 


Leaves  cnsiform;  stem 
columnar.  l()n,2;er  than  the 
leaves  ;  rudiments  of  the 
inlcrior  petals  3  tooted. 


46 


TRIANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


Root  creeping.  Stem  slender,  2  feet  high.  Leaves  shorter  than  the 
stem,  linear-ensiform.  F/oit-ers  solitary.  Exterior  segments  of  the! 
corolla  large,  twice  as  long  as  the  stigmas,  nearly  acute,  unbearded  ; 
interiur  scarcely  longer  than  the  style,  3  toothed  ;  the  2  exterior  teeth 
obtuse  ;  the  middle  one  longer,  acute.  Htigmas  2  toothed  near  the 
base.   Capsule  nearly  cylindrical,  obscurely  3  angled,  very  acuminate. 

From  specimens  sent  by  Ur.  Macbride. 

Grows  in  the  ponds  of  8t.  .iohns  and  St.  Stephens;  it  appears  circum- 
scribed in  its  habitat,  as  I  have  heard  of  it  in  no  other  part  of  the  coun- 
try, and  it  was  unknown  to  Dr.  Muhlenberg  except  by  Walter's  de- 
scription when  I  sent  him  specimens.  As  the  I.  tripetala  of  Thun- 
berg  has  been  removed  to  the  genus  Morsea,  I  have  retained  Walter's 
name. 

Flowers  April — May.  Three-petalled  Iris, 


4.  Hexagon  A.     Walt. 

I.  caule  tereti.  flexuosa  ; 
germinibus  trigonis,  an- 
gulis  profiinde  sulcatis ; 
stigmatihus    basi  attenu- 


Stem  columnar,  flexu- 


011  s 


germs  3  angled 


,  an- 
gles deeply  furrowed  ; 
stigmas  tapering  at  base. 


Mich.  1.  p.  22.     Tursh,  1.  p.  29. 


atis.     E. 

Walt.  p.  66. 
I.  Virginica, 

Stem  flexnous,  columnar,  shorter  than  the  leaves,  2  feet  high. 
Leaves  ensiform.  Floivers  solitary.  Exterior  segments  of  the  corolla 
large,  spaihulate,  witli  the  summits  nearly  rounded,  crenulate,  reflex- 
ed,  bright  azure,  variegated  at  base  witli  purple  and  white  ;  the  inte- 
rior erect,  a  little  spathulate,  oval,  pale  azure,  a  little  variegated  at 
base  ;  a  line  of  yellow  glandulai  hair  runs  along  the  claw  and  base  of 
the  exterior  segments.  ^'^>tliers  linear,  attached  to  the  margin  of  the 
dilated  filament,  yellow,  the  filament  between  them  white  i>tigmas 
tapering  at  base.     6'a/;sM^e  six  angled,  ventricose. 

Grows  in  the  river  swamp  at  Ogechee,  intermingled  with  the  I.  ver- 
sicolor; but  rare  in  sandy  ponds  where  the  latter  abounds.  Tiiis  is 
the  most  ornamental  of  our  species  of  Iris.  Six-angled  Iris. 


5.  CupREA.     Pursh, 
I.  caule  hinc  angulato  ; 
stigmatii)us  corolla  duplo 
brevioribus,    versus    ba- 
sin dilathtis  ; 
hexagonis.     E. 

I.  fulva,  Muhl.  Cat. 
Pursh,  I.  p.  30. 


germinibus 


Stem  angled  on  one 
side  ;  stigmas  twice  as 
sbort  as  the  corolla,  di- 
lated near  their  base  ; 
germ  (J  angled. 


TRTANnRTA   MONOGYNIA. 


47 


Stem  Ci  n  ct  liii;h,  flexuous,  the  lower  joints  ansiled  on  one  side, 
/.frtivs  ensilorni,  niaij;ius  very  entire.  Flo  fVH  G — 10.  axillary,  2 
IVequentlv  in  each  axil.  Corolla  tawny;  tlic  exterior  sei^nionts  obo- 
vale,  en»ary;inale  :  the  interior  smaller.  C»pr»i  six  angled.  Stigmas 
diated  near  the  base,  somewhat  toothed  ;  the  marj;in  membranaceous, 
taperiii:;  at  base.     Capsule  acutely  six  any:led,  ventricose. 

(irows  in  the  marshos  of  the  Alatanmha — Mr.  Le  Conte. 

Flowers  Ai)ril — May.  Tawny  Iris, 


LACHNANTHES.    E. 


Corolla  supcra,  limI)o 
scxparlito,  laciiiiis  iiiae- 
qimliljus.  Stigma  minu- 
tissimetrifidum.  Capsu- 
lu  3-locularis,  truncaia, 
polvspcnua. 

1.  TiNcrouiA. 


Corolla  superior,  border 
6  parted,  segments  une- 
qual. Stigma  minutely 
3  lobed.  Capsule  3  cell- 
ed, truncated,  many  seed- 
ed- 


Anon,  tinctor.  "NVaU.  p.  GB. 
Heritiera  Gmelini,  Mich.  1.  p.  21 — 24. 
Dilatris  lleritieia,  Persoon,  1.  p.  54. 
Dilalris  tinctoria,  Pursh,  1.  p.  80. 

Itoot  fibrous,  perennial.  Stem  erect,  simple,  herbaceous,  2  feet  high, 
columnar,  becomin;;  hairy  towards  the  summit.  Leaves  alterna  e,en- 
siform,  shorter  tiian  the  stem,  /''lowers  in  a  corymbose  panicle.  Ca- 
lyx 0.  Corolla  1  petalled  :  tube  short;  3  sp2;ments  smaller,  linear ;  3 
lanceolate  :  corolla  tomentosc  without,  dilating  over  the  germ,  cloth- 
ing it,  and  forming  its  outer  integument.  Filaments  3,  equal,  fili- 
form, longer  than  the  corolla,  and  inserted  into  its  tube.  Jlnthers 
linear.  Germ  globose,  '''tule  filiform,  ileclinin^,as  long  as  the  stam- 
ens. Stif;ma  (small.  Walt.)  (minutely  .">  lot>cd,  Mich.)  Capsule  glo- 
bose, 3  valved,  bursting  at  the  sides,  i^eeds  6—7  in  each  cell,  round, 
compressed,  attached  to  a  central  rccey)tacle. 

I  have  used  the  minute  descriptions  of  NN'alter  &  Michaux  compar- 
ing tliem  with  excellent  s|)ecimens.     I  have  not  seen   the   plant  alive. 

This  plant  cannot  be  referred  to  the  genus  Dilatris,  its  vwnnpetal- 
ous  corolla,  equal  Jilaments,  and  many  seeded  cells  forbid ;  and  (ime- 
lins  generic  name  of  Heritiera  is  now  apjdied  to  another  plant.  It 
bears  a  great  affinity  to  the  Conostylis  Americana  of  Pursh  and  may 
at  some  future  period  be  associated  with  it. 

(irows  in  ponds  and  savannahs  of  the  pine  barrens. 

Flowers  July — August.  Yellow-rooted  Trichoma. 


48 


TRIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


COMMELINA.     Gen.  pl.  86. 


Corolla  G  i)etalled. 
JVectaries  3,  cross  shap- 
ed, inserted  on  their  own 
filaments. 

Two  petttlled;  2  pe- 
being   conspicuously 


tals 


larger. 


Corolla  unequal;  leaves 
ovate  lanceolate,  acute; 
stem  creeping,  glabrous. 


Corolla  6-petala.  JV>t- 
tai'ia  3,  cruciata,  filamen- 
tis  propiiis  inserta. 

*  Dipetaloe;  obduope- 
tala  ma  jura, 

1.   Communis. 

C.  corollisinajqualibus; 
foliis  ovato-lanceolatis, 
acutis ;  caule  rcpente. 
Sp.  pl.  1.  p.  Si 9. 

Puish,  1.  p.  32. 

C.  caroliniana?  Walt.  p.  68. 

Root  fibrous,  annual.  Stem  prostrate,  creeping,  joinletl,  round, 
striated,  smooth,  much  branched.  Leaves  alternate,  smooth,  obscure- 
ly 7  nerved,  the  margin  cartilaginous,  finely  serrulate,  terminating  in 
a  short  open  ciliate  sheath.  Flowers  1 — 3  on  solitary  peduncles  op- 
posisite  tlie  leaves.  Bracteas  cordate,  slightly  acuminate,  nerved,  gla- 
brous, ciliate  particularly  near  the  base,  compressed,  not  secreting  a 
fluid,  (as  in  the  C.  erecta):  each  bractea  having  at  its  base  a  sterile, 
erect  hairy  pedicel.  Cayx?  3  leaved  persistent;  the  anterior  leaf 
ovate  lanceolate;  lateral  leaves  larger,  ovate,  obtuse.  Corolla  small, 
S  petalled,  light  blue;  two  lateral,  spathulate,  rounded,  with  long 
claws,  the  third  reniform.  JSTectaries  4,  irregularly  cross  shaped, 
yellow,  on  subulate,  unequal,  sky  blue  pedicels,  shorter  than  the  sta- 
mens. Filameyits  2,  subulate,  sky  blue,  as  long  as  the  corolla,  insert- 
ed at  the  base  of  the  germ,  slightly  curved.  Anthers  incumbent,  ob- 
long, furrowed,  sky  blue.  Germ  superior,  ovate,  obliquely  3  furrowed. 
atyle  filiform,  sky  blue,  shorter  than  the  stamens.  Stigma  capitate. 
( apsule  \rrc\i}.\\2iv\y  3  sided,  3  celled,  3  valved;  one  cell  frequently 
abortive,     ■^eeds  2  in  each  cell,  oval,  truncate  at  one  end. 

Grows  in  8\\amps  and  wet  ground. 

Flowers  June — November.  Creeping  Commelina, 


S.    EffECTA. 

C.  corollis  insequalibus; 
foliis    ovato-lanceolatis  ; 


Corolla  unequd;  leaves 
ovate   lanceolate  ;    stem 


TRTANnnlA  AIONOr.VNTV, 


49 


erect,  scabrous,  very  sim- 
ple- 


caiile  erccto.  srahro.  siin- 

J>rKissillK).        h|).    [)1.    I.   p. 

250. 

(\comnninisr   Walt.  p.  f)8. 

C  an^ii>liri)li!i.   Mich.  1.  p.  '2A.  Piirnli,  1.  p.  ."^I. 

Uuut  p»'jvi»nial,  fibrdiis:  fibres  thick,  lli's'iy.  Stem  herl)aceous,  pro- 
cnmbeiit  ami  erect,  a  little  pubescent  and  scabntus,  biaiichirii>;  near 
t.'<'  base  Leaves  na'row-lance.ilate,  5  nerved,  s.imevvhat  scabrous  on 
tlie  upper  surface,  smooth  on  the  under:  sheath  scabrous,  ciliatc. 
J'eduncles  {generally  3  flowered,  opposite  the  leaves.  Flnirprs  appnixi- 
inatp,  enclosed  before  flowcrin";  in  a  bru  tea.  liractea  cordate,  acu- 
minate, compressed,  scabrous,  in  the  time  of  flowering  fillel  wit  i  a 
secreted  fluid.  Proper  peduncles  succdent,  round,  as  Innj;  as  the 
bractea,  curved  and  concealed  in  the  bractea  wlien  youiii;,  extending; 
•when  tlie  flower  is  prepared  to  expand  Cali/.r^  3  leaved;  leaves 
oval,  white,  one  smaller  than  the  rest  Corolla  3  petalled  :  "2  larirer, 
Uf»:;'«iculate.  cordate  an«l  rounti  :  one  verv  small.  ^\'cfaries  4,  on  fila- 
ments, blue  at  base,  yellow  near  tlie  s'lmmit;  3  as  in^he  former  spe- 
cies; one  larrer,  compressed,  recurved,  2  cleft  at  base.  Filaments  2< 
Stifle  lonjjer  than  the  stamens. 

Grows  in  dry  sandy  soils. 

Varies ; 

a.  in  open  jronnds.  procumbent,  branching,  glabrous. 

b.  in  shaded  spots,  erect,  simple,  sca!>rous. 

Flowers  ^' ay.  JS'urrow- enved     ommelina* 


3.   IIiu'Eij.A.     Vahl. 
r.  luliis  laiiceolutis,  j)p- 
ti')latis.    caulcque   erecto 


Lf^ave^  laFirenlate,  pc- 
liolate  and  with  the  erect 


pilosis,  con(hjphratis:    in-  {  st(Mn   hairy,  douhled;  ii:- 


iii\  oliK  lis  lateralihiis,  ter- 
rnirialihusque  sessili:)ns. 
Yahl.  Eiimn.  pi.  2.  p.  160. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  31. 
Stem  lon^,  branching.     Pursh. 
longitolia  of  Mic";a'ix. 

Grow>  in  shaded,  rockj  situations. 
Flowers  July. 


vol  1 1  cm  HIS     lateral 
tciiniiial,  sessile. 


and 


To  this  species  Pursh  refers  the  C^ 


Hairy  Comme'ina. 


**    TJirrr   pr  I  nihil;  3 
petlils  being  larger. 


**  Tript'f'flrp ;  petal  is 
trihus  majnrihus. 

4.    VlK»;iMCA. 

C.  corollis   siihjequali-  |       Corolla  nc  irly  eqnal  ; 
bus  J     tbliis    Liiiceolalis.  j  leaves  LuiccolatCj  soine- 


^0  TRiAlfDIlIA   MONOGYNIA, 


what  petiolate,  witli  the 
throat  bearded  ;  stem 
erect. 


suhpetiolatis,  ore  barha- 
tis ;  caulil)us  erectis.  Sp. 
pi.  1.  p.  2  0. 

Walt.  p.  68.     Pursh,  1.  p.  31. 
C.  longifolia,  Mich.  1.  p.  22. 

Root  perennial,  f^tem  herbaceous,  generally  erect,  2  feet  high,  stri-» 
atf,  columnar,  slightly  pubescent.  Leaves  oblong,  sometimes  ovate- 
lanceolate,  finely  serrulate,  scabrous  on  tlie  upper  surfiice,  paler  and 
smooth  on  the  under,  sprinkled  with  a  few  hair3.  Sheath  furrowed, 
rather  smooth,  tlie  margin  and  throat  cillate,  with  a  nifous  beard, 
jp/ojrei's  clustered  at  the  summit  of  the  stem,  sometimes  axillary  in  the 
upper  le;ivfs.  ^rarica  nerved,  scabrous;  wlien  extended  reniform, 
enclosing:  t  vo  pedicels,  one  fertile,  the  other  sterile.  Calyx?  3  leav- 
ed ;  leaves  membranaceous,  ovate-lanceolate,  the  upper  one  ver}-^  smalL 
Corolla  3  petalled,  petals  nearly  round,  clawed,  sky  blue,  the  inferior 
one  suialler.  JYectaries  3,  ovate,  yellow,  emar^inate  at  the  summit, 
contracted  and  2  cleft  at  base ;  v/ith  2  lateral  glands  on  foot  stalks, 
coloured,  subulate,  shorter  than  the  filaments,  inserted  into  t  e  upper 
side  of  the  genu  at  its  base,  rilaments  3,  white,  longer  than  the  co- 
rolla, inserted  into  the  lower  side  of  the  germ  at  its  base.  Jinthers 
incumbent,  furrowed,  somewhat  sagittate,  yellow.  Style  longer  thai* 
the  stamens. 

Grows  in  ditches  and  around  ponds. 

Flowers  August — October.  Virg^inian  Cominelina, 


SYENA.     Gen.  pl.  88. 

Cabix  3-ph>llus.  Co-  \  Cali/x  3  leaved.  Co- 
rolla 3-petala.  Ardherce  \  rolla  3  petalled.  Anthers 
oblongse.  Capsula  i-val-  |  oblons:.  Capsule  i  val- 
vis,  3  locularis.  |  ved,  3  celled. 

1.  Fluviatilis. 

Sp.  pl.  1.  p  254.     Pursh.  t.  p.  32. 
Mayaca  fluviatilis,  Aublet.  1.  p.  42.  t.  15. 
Mayaca  Aubleti,  Mich.  1.  p.  26. 

Root  perennial  ?  creeping,  partly  submersed,  fornving  moss-like 
tufts  Stem  herbaceous,  ^ — 3  inches  hi<rh.  Leaves  crowded,  subu- 
late, 1 — 2  lines  long,  ^''/ozf'f'rs  axillary,  solitary,  on  peduncles  lony;er 
than  tlie  leaves.  Calyx  persistent.  Filaments  half  as  long  as  the  calyx. 
{Seed2io  each  valve.  Mich.)  F(P(/z(??c/eafter flowering, bentdown'wards. 

Grows  in  springy  ground,  near  Spring-hill,  Savannah — Dr.  Brickell. 
Columbia,  South-Carolina— Mr.  Herbemout.  Louisville,  Georgia.-— 
Mr.  Jackson. 

Flow«rs  June*  Mosa-like  Syena. 


TRIANDRIA  MONOGYNFA. 


Sit 


STIPULICIDA.     Mich. 


CahfV  5-partiUis.  Co- 
rnJId  .i-petala.  IStif^ma- 
t(i  3.  Capaula  1-locu- 
Icuis,  3-valvis. 

1.    SoTACEA. 


I  Cnlux  5  parted.  Co. 
I  volla  ij  pctallt'd.  Sfii^. 
I  ntas  3.  Capsule  i  celled, 
I  3  valvcd. 


Midi,  1.  p.  26.  t.  fi. 

PolvcurpoQ  stipuliliilum,  Pursh,  1.  p.  90. 

Root  fibrous,  annual?  Stem  eiciU  6 — 10  inclifs  1ii2:1i,  smooth,  di- 
eliottiinoiislv,  sometimes  tricliofomoiislv  branched.  Leaves  near  t'lC 
root  small,  opposite,  sputliulate  :  on  thebianciies  0.  At  each  fork  uf 
the  branches  -2  fimbriate  ^Stipules.  Floicers  in  terminal  cliisteMS, 
(4 — 6  in  each.)  sessile.  Curolla  white,  titamens  shoiter  tlian  ti.e 
petals,     iityle  short,     ^eeds  few. 

Grows  in  dry  sandy  soils,  near  Fort  Rarrini^iton — Mr.  Lyon,  Co- 
lumbia— Dr.  Macbride,  near  Augusta,— Dr.  Baldwin. 

Flowers  May. 

This  jrcnus  differs  only  by  its  single  style  and  entire  petals  from 
Polycarpon. 

XYIUS.     Gen.  pl.  8U- 


Corolla  3-pcta1a.  jpqualis, 
crcnata.  G/zz/z/rt' bivalves 
in  capituliiiii.  Capsula 
supera. 


Corolla  3  prt  illed, 
equal,  C'oruite.  Glunifs 
2  valved,  in  a  capitii- 
luni.     Capside  superior. 


1.  Flkxuosa.     Mulil.  Cat. 


X.  rapiuilis  arete  iui- 
brioatis;  calyce  bracteis 
breviore,  parce  plumoso; 
foliis  lonjj^is,  gladiatis,  tor- 
tuosi8.     E. 


Heads  closely  imbri- 
cate; calyx  shorter  tbaii 
the  bracteas,  sparinu;!/ 
feathered;  leaves  luiii;, 
sword  shaped,  twisted, 

Pursh,  1.  p.  33. 


X.  Carol iniana,  "NValt.  p.  G9. 
X.  jupicai,  Mich.  1.  p.  23. 

Hoot  perennial.  Sfem  herbaceous,  erect,  2  feet  hij:h,  columnar, 
smooth,  spiral,  furrowed  vsith  2  lirie>.  ddated  at  tin-  summit.  Leuvts 
Bw«»rd  shaped,  a  little  dotted,  spiral,  12 — 14  inches  lonj^,  sheatiiiu;^ 
the  base  of  the  stem.  /'  ower>i  in  an  wvafe  terminal,  i'nbricate  capi- 
lulum.     liractea  an  ovate  or  rounded  stale,  ri^id,  concave,  cuv«iiug 


59  TRTVNDRI  1  MONOGYNTA, 

tlie  bud  and  the  capsule ;  the  lower  scales  commonly  without  flowers. 
Calyx  2  leaved,  somewhat  persistent;  leaves  nearly  linear,  nitlier 
shorter  ti)an  the  bracteas,  slightly  feathered  on  the  back  towards  the 
summit  Corolla  3  petalled,  claws  nearly  as  long  as  the  br;icteas,  di- 
lated above,  yellow.  Fi  aments  inserted  into  the  claw  of  the  corolla, 
bearded,  .'inthers  erect,  (rfrm  superior,  3  angled,  flattened.  Htyle 
as  long  as  the  staniens,  3  cleft.  Stigmas  obtuse,  i'landular.  Capsule 
1  celled,  5  valved,  opening  at  the  angles,  ■'■■eeds  numerous,  small,  ob- 
licjuely  lanceolate,  striate,  (adhering  to  an  elevated  lib  in  the  middle 
of  each  \alve.     Gfertner.) 

A  membranous  sheath  envelopes  the  corolla  before  flowering,  and 
the  capsule  after  t!ie  corolla  decays. 

Grows  in  i^at  pine  barrens.     Very  common. 

Flowers  July — September.  Twisted  Xyris. 


2.    FlMBRTATA.       E. 

X.  capitiilis  liixe  im- 
bncatis  ;  c^\yre  bra'teis 
nuilto  'ongioro,  firnhria- 
to  ;  to  iis  loii^is,  gladiul- 
ib.     E. 


Heads  loosely  imbri- 
cate; calyx  much  longer 
than  the  l)racteas,  firitbri- 
ate ;  leaves  lonji;;,  sword 
shaped. 


'05 


Hoot  perennial.  Stem  2  feet  hign,  a  little  scabrous,  dilated  at  the 
summit.  Leaves  nearly  as  long  as  tiie  stem.  FLovpts  in  an  oblong 
capitulum,  with  the  scales  or  bracteas  loosely  appress^-d.  Bracteas 
round.  Calyx  nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  bracteas,  the  keel  divided 
into  long  segments  (nmbiise)  that  give  tiie  I  ead  a  feathered  asj>ect. 

The  corolla  and  anthers  of  this  species  require  tuither  examina- 
tion. 

Every  species  of  Xyris  exudes  a  gelatinous  fluid  from  the  roots  and 
base  of  the  leaves,  and  this  perhaps  more  abundantly  than  any  other, 

feent  from  Georgia  by  Dr.  Baldwin. 

Flowers  July — August.  Feathered  Xyris. 


8.  Brevifolia.     Mich. 
X.  loliis  subulato-glad- 
jatis,     brevihus  :    calvce 


bracteis    brevioje, 
iiiciso  dentatis.     E. 

Mich. 


SLib- 


Leaves  subulate,  sword 
shaped,  short  ;  calyx 
shorter  than  the  bracteas, 
slightly  notched. 


p.  23.     Pursh,  1.  p.  33. 

Hoot  perennial.  Stem  12 — 18  inches  high,  compressed  near  the 
summit.  Leaves  3 — 6  inches  long,  linear,  subulate,  much  twisted. 
Head  nearly  globose.  Calyx  linear,  rather  shorter  llian  the  bracteas. 
The  KeeL  which  in  the  former  species  is  dilated  and  feathered,  or 


TRiANnnTA  MONOGYNrA. 


99 


ileeply  fringed,  in  tliis  is  only  slijjhtly  and  irregularly  notched  /in- 
cised ) 

Grows  in  flat  pine  barrens  in  tlie  middle  country  of  Carolina.  Com- 
mon. 

Flowers  August — September.  Short-leaved  Xijris. 


4.  Ji7NCB\.     Baldwin. 

X.  foliis  tcrctil)iis,  fis- 
tiilosis,  acutis;  scapo  tc- 
leti,  l)a-^i  vaa;inat();  hrac- 
tt'is  subrotunclis ;  capilulo 
ovali.     B. 


Loaves  terete,  hollow, 
af'Uto  ;  scape  teivte, 
sli'  athed  at  base  ;  l)rac- 
teas  nearly  round ;  head 
oval. 


7?oof  perennial.  Stem  6 — 12  inches  hisli.  Leaves  4 — 8  inches  long. 
Caly.v  abmit  as  long  as  tlie  bractcas;  the  keel  slightly  toothed.  FilU' 
ments  naked.     B. 

Grows  in  dam;*  situations  in  the  pine  barrens  near  St.  Mary's. 

Flowers  May — June. 


FUIREXA.     Gen.  pl.  90. 


Jlmrvfvm  inihrieatum, 
squaiiiis  aiistatis.  (  alt/x 
0-  Corn/la  3-valvis,  val- 
vulis  arista  terminalis. 

1.    SqITaHRuSA. 

F.  luiiis  angus'o-lance- 
olatis,  hreviorihiis ;  capi- 
tulis,  plurihus  (5 — 0)  a^j;- 
gregatis  ;  valvidis  coiolli- 
nis  cordato-ovatis,  niu- 
cronatis.     E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  37. 

Stem  1 — -2  feet  liiy;h,  columnar,  firmly  erect,  smooth,  hairy  at  the 
summit.  Leaves  3  nerved,  scabious  on  tlie  up|  er  sui  face,  >niu(itli  on 
the  under.  «iistirictly  ciliate.  Heads  nuny,  ovate,  agu:ie:.ate.  in  clus- 
ters ot  4 — 7,  stmietiines  axillary.  Scales  of  the  amfutnm  oval,  nearly 
smooth:  aun  loni;,  expandinic.  Valves  of  tlie  coro//«  pediiellate,  cor- 
date or  abruptly  rounded  at  base      Jn-n  shorter  tlian  tbe  valve. 

Grows  1  mile  from  Bee's  (reek,  on  tlie  road  to  Purxaburg,  in  wet 
ditches 

Flowers  September — November.  Rough-headed  Fuirena. 


AmenUim  imbricate. ^^ith 
awned  scales.  Calt/i'  0. 
Corolla  3  valved,  vahcs 
terminated  with  an  awn. 

Leaves  narrow,  lan- 
ceolate, short  ;  heads 
many.  (5 — 6)  clustered  ; 
valves  of  the  corolla  cor- 
date-ovate, with  shoit 
awns. 


0ii 


TRIANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


2.    SCIRPOIDEA. 

F.    caulibus   aphyllis ;  Stem  leafless ;     head 

capitulo     iinico     ovato  ;  one,     ovate,      terminal  ; 

valvulis   corollinis  ovali-  |  valves  of  the  corolla  o- 

bus  muticis  ?  |  val,  without  awns. 

Mich.  I.p.  S8.t.  7. 

Vaginaria  Richardi,  Persoon,  1.  p.  70.     Pursh,  I.p.  58. 

^ffoui  creeping,  Mich.).  Stem  erecU  12 — 18  inches  high,  slender, 
found,  smooth.  Leaves  0,  but  sheaths  alternate,  smooth,  striate,  ob- 
liquely truncate,  pointed.  Bead  one,  (sometimes  3,  A4cli  fig.) 
Scales  of  the  amentum  ovate,  pubescent,  awned  ;  awn  short,  erect. 
Valves  of  the  coroUa  oval  or  lanceolate ;  (in  my  specimens  without 
awns.) 

From  specimens  sent  from  St.  Mary's,  Georgia,  by  Dr.  Baldwin. 

Flowers  Rush-tike  Hdretia. 

Richard  remarks  that  the  involucrum  of  the  seed  of  this  species  is 
composed  alternately  of  three  scales  and  three  bristles.  Every  flower 
which  1  have  opened  contained  3  scales,  and  as  the  inflorescence  bears 
in  other  respects  a  suflicient  resemblance  to  Fuirena,  I  have  retained 
it  in  this  genus. 


KYLLINGIA.     Gen.  pl.  91. 


Jimentum  ovatum  s. 
ohlongum,  imbricatiim. 
Caliix  ^-valvis.  Corolla 
2-va!vis.     Sp.  pl. 

CUilyx  1 -val vis  s.  o. 
Corolla  <e- val  vis.  Flores 
capitaii.     E. 

1.       MONOCEPHALA. 

K.  cuhno  filiformi,  tri- 
quetro ;  capitulo  globoso, 


Anient  ovate  or  oblong, 
imbricate.  Calyx  2  val- 
ved.     CoroUa  2  valved. 

Calyx  i  valved  or  0. 
Corolla  2  valved.  Flow-^ 
ers  in  heads. 

Stem  filiform,  3  an^ 
gled  ;  head  globose,  ses- 
sile ;  involucrum  three 
leaved,  very  long. 


^oot  perennial,  creeping,  stoloniferous.     Stem  3 — 12  inches  high. 
Leaves  linear,  shorter  than  the  etem.    Heads  always  gingle,  uniform- 


sessili  ;     involucro 

tri- 

phyllo,   longissimo. 

Sp. 

pl.  1.  p.  S.56. 

Muhl.  Cat.  p.  5. 

TRIANHRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


15 


ly  Inclinlns:  to  one  side.  Ini'iilnrrinn  sometimes  with  a  fntirtli  leaf,  one 
oftlie  leave-i  always  erect,  and  twice  or  thrice  the  len;itii  ot  llie  hori- 
zontal ones.     Haldwin. 

Found  near  Suiibury,  Georgia,  by  Mr.  Le  Conte. 

Flowers  October. 


Ciilyx  wanting  ;  corol- 
la comprcssefl,  2,  valveti, 
valves  uncqiitil  ;  head 
nearly  splicrical. 


2.  PuMiLA.     IVIich. 

K .?  calyce  nullo  ;  co- 
rolla coinpressa,  blvalvl, 
valvis  injpqualilnis ;  capi- 
tulo  subgloso.     E, 

Mich.  1.  p.  23.     Pursh,  1.  p.  46. 

Root  fibrous.  Stem  erect,  3 — ')  inches  lonj,  3  angled,  glabro'ig. 
Leaves  sluirter  than  the  stem,  subulate,  acute,  sli,;litly  keple<l,  ex- 
pandinj.  sheathin;;  the  base  of  the  stem.  Juvolncrum  generally  com- 
posetl  of  3  leaves,  unequal,  long,  similar  to  the  root  leaves.  Flmvers 
placed  vertically  in  a  sessile,  terminal,  nearly  ^.lobise  head,  which 
frequently  buljjes  at  base,  as  if  forming  1  or  2  smaller  heads  Calyx 
or  scale  0.  Corolla  2  valved  ;  valves  acute,  compressed  ;  the  keel 
green,  sides  membranous ;  exterior  valve  shorter  t'lan  the  interior. 
atainens  2.  Girm  compressed,  oval-  Utijle  longer  than  the  corolla, 
2  cleft.     Sti;::^uias  2.     Seed  naked. 

I  have  examined  this  plant  frequently,  and  at  least  patiently.  Mj 
observations  do  not  agree  with  the  usual  description  of  this  genus,  auJ 
may  be  itjcorrect. 

Grows  in  clo«ie  damp  soils,  around  ponds,  &c.    Very  common. 

Flowers  August — December.  JJivarf  R'l/llingia. 


Calyx  one  leaved,  im- 
hricate;  corolla  -3  valved, 
valves  unequal  ;  heads 
generally  3,  ovate,  some- 
what acute,  sessile. 


3.  Macui,\ta.     Midi. 

K.  calyce  nionophyllo. 
imbricato ;  corolla  bival- 
vi,  valvis  ina?qualii)us  ; 
tapitulis  plcrunique  tii- 
bus,  ovatis,  subacutis,  ses- 
silibus.     E.  I 

Mich.  1.  p.  29.     Pursh,  1.  p.  47. 

Jioot  filipous.  stem  3 — 5  inches  hi'j:h,  3  an-^lcd,  glabro'is.  Leaves 
and  l)n'olucruin  similar  to  those  ol  the  preceding  species,  but  ratlier 
narrower,  t'loirrrs  in  3 — 5  ovate,  iinl)ricatc,  acute  lieads,  closely  sit- 
ting. Culi/x'  I  leaved,  cuneate-lanccolate,  anite,  with  the  mitirib 
green,  longer  than  the  flower  which  it  ^nards.  Corolla  2  valved, 
valves  concave,  unequal  :  the  exterior  shortest,  titamen  1  ?  •it/^ma-s 
2.     jSferf  oblon;;,  nearly  cjndrical. 


06 


TRlVNDRlA   MONOGYNIA. 


I  have  not  been  able  in  this  species  to  discover  an  interior  valve  to 
the  calyx.  The  scales  of  the  calyx  in  fact  appear  to  form  an  anient 
as  in  tlie  genus  Scirpus.  but  instead  of  a  naked  or  bristle  bearinj^  seed, 
they  inclose  a  seed  furnished  with  a  2  valved  corolla.  1  have  dis- 
covered but  one  stamen  in  each  tiower;  but  as  I  have  only  seen  dried 
specimens,  I  cannot  speak  with  certainty. 

The  spots  from  which  Michaux  named  his  species,  I  have  not  been 
able  to  distinguish  ;  yet  our  plants  agree  in  so  many  particulars,  that 
•I  have  been  unwilling  to  change  his  name. 

Sent  to  me  from  Georgia,  by  Dr.  Baldwin. 

Flowers  Three-headed  Kij  lingia. 


SCHOENUS.     Gen.  pl.  92. 


Cfl'///m  squamae  in  spi- 
cam  fasciculatfe,  infeviores 
vac u  se .  Corolla  0 .  Stylus 
deciduus. 

1.  Setaceus. 

S.  Pedunculis  axillari- 
bus  terminalibusque,  sub- 
trifloiis  ;  culino  tiigono  ; 


ft)liis     setaceis. 
Enum.  p].  2.  p. 

Pursh,  1.  p  47. 
Grows  in  Carolina, 


Vahl. 
219. 

Vahl. 


Scales  of  the  Calyx  col- 
lected  into  a  spike,  the 
inferior  ones  em |)ty.  Co- 
rolla 0.    Style  deciduous. 

Peduncles  axillary  and 
terminal,  generally  three 
flowered ;  stem  three  an- 
gled ',   leaves  setaceous. 


2.    HlSPFDULUS. 

S.   pedunculis  axillari- 
bus  terminalil)usque,  tri- 
stachyis  ;  spiculis  subglo- 
bosis,  pedicellatis  ;  foliis  , 
iiliformibus,         hispidis.  j  hispid. 
Vahl.  Ennm.  pl.  2.  p.  219.  | 

Pursh,  1.  p.  47. 

Grows  in  Carolina.     La  Marck. 


Peduncles  axillary  and 
terminal,  three  spiked ; 
spikes  globose,  on  foot- 
stalks ;     leaves  filiform, 


3.  Effusus.     Swartz. 

S.  culino  flioso.  obtuse 

triquetro  j  foiiib  untiorsum 


Stem    leafy,    obtusely 
leaves   acu- 


angled , 


TRTANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


6^ 


loatc,  with  the  sharp  ser/ 
ratines  bcndiiii!; forwards; 
panicle  terminal,  very 
lonu;.  (lilViisc  ;  seed  ovate, 
longitudinally  wrinkled. 


aculeatis  ;  panicula  ter- 
minali.  pni'lonf]!;a,  difViisa ; 
semine  ovato,  longitudi- 
naliter  rugoso.     E. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  26G. 

stem  G — 10  feet  hiu;h.  Lmves  2 — 3  feet  lon^,  8 — 10  lines  wide, 
glabrous,  with  the  marijins  ami  midrih  most  sharply  serrate.  Flowers 
in  compound  panicles  lateral  and  terminal,  near  the  summit  of  the 
stem,  formin'^  altoijether  one  oblong;,  conical,  panicle  12 — '20  inches 
lonir-  Seed  not  conipressed,  lr)nj^itudinally  wrinkled,  pointed  by  the 
tapcrine:  of  its  own  boily,  not  by  an  attached  tubercle,  and  without 
gurroundinu;  bristles. 

(.irows  in  poTuls,  and  in  fresh  marshes. 

Flowers  August — September.     Saw  grass.    Fresh  xcater^Iarsh. 


RHYNCIIOSPORA. 


Cah/cis  sqnamje  in  spi- 
cam  t'asciculaife,  inferio- 
res  vacua?.  Corolla  0. 
Stf/Ius  basi  persistens. 
Setaj  basi  seminis. 


Scales  of  the  Calyx 
collected  into  a  spike,  the 
inferior  ones  empty.  Cu- 
rolla  0.  Sfijle  persistent 
at  base.  Bristles  at  the 
base  of  the  seed. 


Spikes  in  corymbose 
clusters ;  stem  above,  3 
angled  ;  leaves  linear, 
channelled  ;  bristles  of 
the  seed  10. 


1.  Alba. 

R.  spicis  corymboso- 
faciculalis  ;  culmo  su- 
perne  triquetro  ;  foliis 
linearibus,  canaUculatis ; 
setis  seminis  decem. 
Hort.  Kew.  i.  p.  127. 

Vahl.  Enum.  pi.  2.  p.  236.     Pursh,  1.  p.  49. 
Schoenud  albus,    Micji.  l.p.  34. 

Root  fibrous.  Stem  about  a  loot  hi^h,  very  slender,  glabrous. 
Leaves  linear,  jjlabrous.  Flowers  in  small  corymbose  clusters  axilla- 
ry and  terminal.  Ai/^jAp-s  fusiform.  G/zniif-s  nearly  white.  iSV^'f/ len- 
ticular, nearly  smooth,  crowned  witli  a  conic  tubercle  :  bristles  re- 
trorsely  scabrous. 

Grows  in  Carolina,  Dr.  Muhlenhcrg. 

H 


5B 


TRIANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


Stem  andlpaves  setace- 
ous; panicles  loose,,  few- 
flowered;  seed  olov.Jte, 
rugose;  hristles  as  long 
as  the  seed. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  48. 
35. 


2.  Rarifloua. 

R.  culmo  foliisque  se- 
taceis  ;  pauitulis  laxis. 
paucifloris;  seniine  ol>o- 
vato,  rugoso;  setulis  se- 
nen  aquantibus. 

R.  micrantlia,  Vahl.  2.  p  231. 
Sclicenus  rariflorus,  Mich.  1.  p. 

Boot  fibrous,  perennial,  cespitose.  Stem  about  1  foot  high,  leafy. 
Lpdve.s  shorter  than  the  stem,  glabrous.  Panicles  lateral  and  teinii- 
nal.  Caly.r  many  leaved.  (5 — 7:)  the  3  or  4  exterior  lanceolate,  .iiu- 
cronate,  imbricate,  smaller;  the  2  interior  resembling  a  corolla,  ench 
sheathing  a  germ,  one  of  wliicli  is  frequently  abortive.  Filaments  3, 
lonjcer  than  the  calyx.  Germ  superior, compressed,  obovate,  crowned 
vith  a  tubercle  nearly  of  its  own  size.  •'atigmns  2,  acute,  reiiexed, 
i'eed  like  the  germ,  crowned  with  a  compressed  tubercle;  bristles  gen- 
erally 3. '^  (I  have  seen  4),  as  long  as  the  seed  without  the  tubercle. 

Grows  in  wet  ground,  bogs  &c.     Common. 
.     Flowers  April — May. 


3.  Pliimosa.     E 

R.    culiiio    gracili,  tri- 

quetro;  foliis  linearibus ; 

florihusterniinalibus  con- 

gestis;  bracteis  aiistatis  ; 

setulis  plumosis.     E. 


Stem  slender,  3  ang;- 
led;  leaves  linear;  flow- 
ers terminal,  crowded; 
bracteas  awned;  bristles 
feathered. 


stem  8 — 12  inches  high,  3  anjjled,  glabrous.  Leaves  linear,  the 
upper  ones  longer  than  the  stem,  the  margins  scabrous;  sheath  short, 
closed.  Flowers  in  small  clustered  fascicles  forming  a  loose  cylindri- 
cal s|,ike,  sometimes  an  axillary  spike  a  little  below  the  terminal. 
Bracteas  ovate,  terminating  in  an  awn,  which  on  the  lower  bracteas  is 
nearly  an  inch  long,  on  the  upper,  decreasing;.  Exterior  valves  of 
the  calyx  awned;  the  av\ns  shorter  than  the  spike.  Se^d  rugose, 
slightly  margined  ;  bristles  six  feathered. 

Grows  in  dry  pine  barrens.     Common  around  Beaufort.     Near  St 
Wary's — Dr.  Baldwin. 

Flowers  June — August. 


4.  Cyimosa.     MuIiI.  Cat. 

R.  caule  tereti;  foiiis 
linearibus;  paniculis  con- 
fertitloiis,     subcyniohis  j 


Stem  round  ;  leaves 
hnear ;  panicles  like 
cymesj  with  the  flowers 


TRIANDRIA    MONOOVNlA. 


5» 


scmino  glahro;  sctulisse- 


tiicii 


5. 


E. 


crowded;  seed  prlabrous; 
Ijiisllcs  setaceous. 


Stem  1 — 5  fi'Cf  liiirli,  nearly  rnimd.  Leaves  linear,  acute,  slabnum, 
concave,  nut  cliatmelU'd.  l'iitiictef>  axillary  and  terntinal,  leniote. 
f'fl/y.r  nenerallv  (>  leavi'il,  the  interior  lonu^er;  Dtitovate  lanceolate,  uiu- 
cronate,  of  a  tiark  rerru;;inous  colour;  the  tit'i  shorter  than  tlie  5th, 
v'lite,  membranaceous,  containin::;  a  steiile  an»l  fertile  flower;  the  ste- 
rile floret  enclosed  in  a  small  sheatii  of  its  own.  Seed  compressed, 
lenticular,  oval,  mary;ined,  smooth,  crowned  vvitl>  a  short  c()m[iri'>se(l 
conic  tubercle  ;  bristles  6,  setaceous,  one  Hard  siiorter  thau  the  mature 
Bced. 

(irows  in  bo^s,  ditclies  &c. 

Flowers  through  the  whole  summer. 


5.    LONGTROSTRTS. 

R.  culino  triqiietro  ;  I  Stem  3  ani;lorl ;  pani. 
piiniculis  sul)coiTinl)osis;  |  cles  like  coryinl)s;  seed 
seniine    ohovato,    mai's;!. 


iiato,  st\lo  persisteiite 
liMigo  mucmnato ;  setu- 
lis  scabris.     E. 


obovate.  luariiiiied,  point- 
ed witli  the  loiia,  persis- 
tent style ;  brisiles  sca- 
brous. 


R.  laxa.  Vahl.  2.  p.  231. 

Schcenus  corniculatus.  La  Marck,  illust.  1.  p.  132. 

Schcpuus  lonyiriciti  is,  Mich.  1.  p.  35. 

Sciioenus  Ujnbellutua  f   Walt.  p.  70. 

fiff<'jn  erect,  smooth,  3 — 6  feet  high  L^flivs  Hncar-lanceolatc,  irre- 
giiUirly  serrulate,  channelled,  glabrous,  1 — 2i.  feet  lonij,  6 — 8  lines 
wide  ;  sheath  ;it  ba^e  closed,  shorter  t  lan  the  jo  n<«.  Floicers'xn  race- 
mes supradetompountl,  axillary  and  terminal,  resembling;  umbi-1^. 
(\ihj.v  with  the  uth  or  interior  leaf  inclosing;  a  ^enn  ;  betwec^n  the  .nh 
and  Gth  leaf  are  found  '2  or  3  sterile  floret-,  ♦•ach  eml)race<l  bv  a  small 
l;incetdate  membrane.  Seed  obovate,  coinpressed,  mari^ined,  nearly 
snijutli,  crowned  with  a  persi-tciit  style  tliree  times  its  own  lenjjtii ; 
bristles  scabrous,  one  third  shorter  than  the  seed. 

Grows  in  ditches,  ricefields  and  wet  places. 

Flowers  Julv — October. 


6.    BiSTANS. 

1{.  ciihno  tiiquetro  ; 
fl('rii)iis  in  fasf  ieulis  dis- 
taulibus :  scmiiie  Ichticu- 


Stf^m  3  anscled ;  flow- 
CIS  in  di.-^t•.llt  clu8ter>  ; 
seed   Iciuicidar.    sligbliv 


6# 


TRIANDRI A  MONOGYNIA. 


lari,    Isevissime    sulcatoj  |  furrowed ;  bristles   seta* 
setulis  setaceis.  |  ceous. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  48. 

Schcenus  distans,  Mich.  1.  p.  36. 

Stem  12 — 20  inches  high.  Leaves  linear,  glabrous,  with  the  mar- 
gins serrulate ;  sheath  at  base  closed.  Clusters  oi' Jiowers  axillary, 
on  peduncles  moderately  long ;  each  spikelet  sessile.  6'eecl  to  the 
naked  eye  nearly  smooth,  under  a  lens  transversely  sulcate  ;  tubercle 
nearly  conic,  depressed,  short;  bristles  setaceous  as  long  as  the  seed. 

Grows  in  wet  soils. 

Flowers  June — September. 


7.  Punctata.     E. 

R.  fasciculis  approxi- 
matis  ad  summitatem 
caulis,  lateralibus  termi- 
nalibusqiie  ;  semiiiibus 
rugosis,  piinctatis.     E. 


Fascicles 
terminal 
at   the 
stem; 
ted. 


lateral   and 

near   together 

summit    of   the 

seeds  rugose,  dot- 


Stem  slender,  1 — 2  feet  high,  3  angled.  Leoi-^s  linear-lanceolate, 
acute,  scabrous  along  the  margins,  slightly  channelled,  generally  short. 
Floicers  in  small  fascicles  clustered  near  the  summit  of  the  stem, 
where  the  joints  become  very  short.  Lower  glumes  of  the  caly.v  mu- 
cronate,  the  upper  acute,  iieed  rugose,  dotted  in  the  furrows,  com- 
pressed ;  crowned  with  a  compressed,  conic  tubercle.  Bristles  longer 
than  the  seed.  Near  to  R.  distans,  from  whicli  it  differs  by  its  clus- 
tered heads,  its  shorter.^  leaves,  but  principally  by  the  seed,  which  in 
tliat  species  is  turgid,  very  slightly  furrowed,  with  the  tubercle  de- 
pressed ;  while  in  this  it  is  smaller  and  more  I'ugose, 

Grows  in  Georgia.     Dr.  Baldwin. 

Flowers — 


8.  Fascicularis. 

R.  floribus  fasciculatis, 
lateralibus  terminalibus- 
que  ;  bracteis  brevibus ; 
spiculis  oblongis ;  squa- 
niis  mucronatis ;  setuHs 
semine  Isevi  duplo  longi- 
oribus. 

■    Pursh,  1.  p.  48, 

Schceuus  fascicularis,  Mich.  1.  p.  37, 


Flowers  in  fascicles,  la- 
teral and  terminal;  brac- 
teas  short ;  spikelets  ob- 
lons:  scales  mucronate  : 


'f-»5 


bristles  twice  as  long  as 
the  smooth  seed. 


TRIANURIA   MONOGYNIA. 


61 


I  am  unac(|uaintctl  with  this  species.  Michaux  achls  that  the  leave§ 
are  iiariDw  ami  Ihit ;  tlie  spikes  few  and  glabrous}  ami  the  bristles  & 
little  hispid. 

Inhabits  Carolina.     Mich. 


9.   Glomer.vta. 

|{.  spiels  coi7iTi])OSO- 
fasciculatis,  remotissimis, 
geniinatis  ;  culmo  ohtiis- 
aiigiilo;  ibliis  lincaribus. 
Vaiil.  2.  p.  234. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p. 

No.  585. 


Spikes  clustered  in  co- 
rymbs, very  distant,  by 
pairs;  stem  obtusely  an- 
gled; leaves  linear. 


2G6.     Pursh,  1.  p.  48.     Walt.  p.  69.^    Clayton,  p.  9. 


This  3piecic5  has  desrended  to  us  from  Clayton,  but  is  to  me  still 
obscure,  lie  lemarVc  that  the  heads  are  composed  of  ten  or 
more  dusky,  acuniinatc  spikes,  sitting  on  long  erect  peduncles  that 
glow  fioin  ihc  j(iiiit.«,  '^tem  geniculate,  leaf  3  angled. 

This  description  nearly  applies  to  the  R.  capitellata  of  tins  Sketch, 
Init  tlic  twin  peduncles,  \vhicn  arc  mentioned  by  Gronovius,  though 
not  by  Clayton,  1  lia\  e  not  noticed  in  any  of  our  species  of  Rhyncho- 
spora. 

Grows  in  Carolina.     Pursh,  on  the  authority  of  Walter. 


10.  Capifellata. 

K.  caule  triquetro;  flo- 
ribus  in  capitulis  axillari- 
bus;  semine  oblongo-obo- 
vato,  mucronato;  setulis 
scabris. 


Stem  3  angled  ; 
tlowers  in  axillary  heads; 
seed  oblong,  obovate, 
pointed  with  a  subulate 
tubercle ;  bristles  scab- 
rous. 


Pursh,  1.  p.  49? 

Scluenus  capitellatus,  Mich.  1.  p.  36. 

Stem  18 — 24  inches  high.  Leaves  nearly  setaceous,  shorter  than  the 
stem;  sheath  at  base  closed.  i<Yo<rer,s  in  spherical  heads  on  footstalk* 
scarcely  longer  than  the  sheaths.  Heed  compressed,  nearly  cuneiform, 
crowned  witli  a  subulate  tubercle. 

Grows  in  wet  places,  generally  in  poor  soils. 
Flowers  May— September. 


11.  Inex'pansa. 
R.  culmo  obsolete  tri- 
(juetro,  paniculifi   remo- 


Stem  obscurely  3  ang- 
led  i     panicles    remote, 


63 


TRTANDRTA    MONOGYNIA, 


penfliilous;  seed  oHon?:, 
rugose ;  hristles  scaVnoiH, 
twice  us  long  as  the  seed. 


tis.  pendulis;  semine  ob- 
longo,  rugoso ;  set  ilis 
scabris  semine  duplolon- 
gioribus. 

Pursh,  l.p.  48? 

Scliceiius  inexpansus,  IVlicli.  1.  p.  35. 
Stem  2  feet  lii.sr'^,  generally  bending,  round  and  smooth  below,  three 
sidod,  and  a  little  scabrous  near  tie  sunmiit.  Leaves  6 — 14  iiiches 
long,  2 — 3  lines  wide,  linear,  acute,  slightly  serrulate,  chaniulied. 
Flowers  in  panicles  axillary  and  terminal  on  peduncles  long  and  pen- 
dulous. Seed  oblonii,  compressed,  rugose,  crowned  with  a  long,  very 
acute  tubercle:  l)ristles  6,  scabrous,  twice  as  long  as  tiie  seed, 
(irows  ill  wet  soils. 


Flowers  through  the  whole  summer. 


4  2.  Caduca.  F, 
R.  rulnio  tiiqiietro  : 
paf  iciilisaxillaril)us. erec- 
tis  ;  spiculis  fasciciilatir^, 
srssilibus  ;  semine  l(  nti- 
cnhni,  rugoso;  setulis  se- 
mine duplo  longioiif  ue. 


Stem  3  angled  ;  pani- 
cles axillary,  gencri^lly 
erect;  sj)ike]cts  cluster- 
ed, sessile;  seed  lenticu- 
lar, rugose;  Ifristles twice 
as  long  as  the  seed. 


Stem  1 — 2  feet  high.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  glabrous,  finely  ser- 
rulate. Common  peduncle  of  t!ie  panicle  twice  as  lon^  as  the  sheath. 
Tnhercle  compressed,  conical,  short.  Tiiis  species  is  nearly  allied  to 
R,  sparsnsfrom  which  it  di  ers  in  having  its  spikelets  larger,  cluster- 
ed, and  its  panicle  rather  appressed  than  diffused.  It  is  also  remark- 
able ior  the  facility  with  which  if  drops  its  mature  glumes,  so  that  in  a 
specimen  where  the  seeds  are  perfect,  many  of  them  will  be  found  na- 
ked, adliering  to  tlieir  pedicels. 

Grows  in  wet  soils.  Around  Cl-.arleston,  common.  I  have  a  varie- 
ty sent  from  .Savannah  by  Dr.  Baldwin  with  solitary  flowers. 

Flowers  in  mid-summer. 


iS.  Spars   . 

R.  culino  tiiquetro  ; 
paniculis  axillaii'ujs,  dif- 
iusis,  s|)iruli-^  omrsibus  pe- 
diccllatis;  semine  obovato 
rugoso ;  s-  tulis  semine 
duplo  l^no;ioribus. 

Pursh,  1.  p,  4'\ 

Schoeuus  sparsus,  Mich.  1.  p.  35. 


Stem  3  angled;  pani- 
cles axilhnv,  diffuse,  with 
all  tlie  sj)ikes  on  foot- 
stalks ;  seed  obovate,  ru- 
gose ;  biisiles  twice  as 
lon,2:  as  the  seed. 


TRT  XNDRIA  MONOGYNlA, 


68 


Sff^m  erect,  2  fevt  liiji;h.  [..eavea  linear  laiict'olate,  glabrous,  finely 
serrulate,  8 — Hi  iiiclies  lony;,  3 — 4  lines  V'iile,  sheath  at  their  base 
cli»se«l.  Flowers  in  panicles,  every  way  expandlnj;;  coixmuhw  pe'hin- 
elf  a  little  lon:;;er  than  the  slirath  :  each  spikelet  nn  a  peduncle  2 — G 
lines  lon<>;.     SfcH  cr  n\  iumI  wit!,  a  verv  small  tubercle. 

(iiows  in  wet  sniU,  in  pine  barrens  generally. 

Flowers  May — August. 


CYPERUS.     Gen.  pl.  9:^. 


(ilinnes  chaffv,  imbri- 
cate in  2  rows.  Corolla 
o.     !Seed  one,  naked. 

Strm  columnar,  nak- 
ed, jointed. 


Chini{r  palcacrsp,  dis. 
tic  he  iml)riiattr.  Corolla 
o.     Sfjf/eri  1.  iiuUiin. 

1.  Alt  rirrLATLS. 

C.  cidnio  tereti,  nudo, 
aitit  ulato.  Sp.  pl.  i.  p. 
270. 

Mich.  l.p.  27.  Pursh,  1.  p.  50. 

floo^  jointed,  cieepinij,  perennial.  Stem  erect,  3 — 6  feet  hisjh,  fil- 
led with  a  ^pon^y  pulp  and  irregularly  jointed,  cothed  at  base  wit!i  2 
or  3  small  sheath-like  leaves.  Flowers  in  compound  umbels  ;  the  spike- 
lets  subulafe,  many  flowered  (10 — 20.)  Scales  of  the  caly.r  lanceo- 
late, rather  obtuse:  midrib  y;reen,  the  sides  membranaceous,  white 
srpotted  with  red  :  the  -1  or  3  lower  ;trlume>  sterile.  Filaments  3.  .i?i- 
ihers  oblong;,  2  lobed.  yellowish  Germ  ovate.  Style  filiform,  longer 
than  the  ;ilumes.     Ai7/^ma.s  3,  simple,  acute. 

Grows  in  wet  places,  in  the  river  swamps  at  Ogechee,  around 
ponds  on  Hilton  Head. 

Flowers  June — August.  Jointed  Cyperus. 


2.     FA^iCICrLATUS.       E. 

€.  s|jiciili>^  ovalo  ol)- 
l')nj2;is,  muhifloris,  fasci- 
culato-ter?ninalil)ii^  ;  in- 
YoliK  ro  dipli\lIo  Toliis- 
que  anguslissime  lineari- 
bus.     E. 


Spikelots  ovate  oblonjj;, 
many  H  >wered,  in  termi- 
nal ias<  icles;  iiivolucriifii 
two  leaved,  and  witli  the 
leaves  linear  and  very 
narrow. 


stem  6  inches  high,  3  ann;1ed.  Leaves  I — 2,  very  narrow,  almost 
.setaceous,  shorter  than  the  stem.  Involucrum  2  leaved,  one  scaicely 
l(iiij;er  than  the  spikes,  the  other  very  Ion;;.  Spkrletsa — r,all,in  mjr 
feptrimens,  sessile,  12 — 24  flnweied.  Valves  ratiier  obtuse^  the  keel 
deep  green,  tiie  margins  membranaceous. 


64 


TRIANDRIA  MONO GYNIA. 


Certainly  very  near  the  next  species,  yet  differing  in  many  respects. 
To  the  C.  nlveus,  and  to  the  C.  difformis  as  described  in  note  Sp.  pi. 
3.  p.  281.  these  plants  have  mucli  affinity. 

Grows  near  Milledgeville  Georgia.     Dr.  Boykin. 

3.  PojEFORMis.     Piirsh. 

C.  spiciilis  oblongis, 
complanatis,  fasciculato- 
corynibosis  ;  fasciculis 
sessilibus  pedunculatis- 
que ;  involucre  triphyllo, 
longissimo.  Pursh,  1.  p. 
00. 

Plant  a  span  high.  Leaves  narrow  linear,  glabrous,  scarcely  as  long 
as  the  stem  Stem  3  angled,  gla'orous.  /wfoZ?^cr«?H  three  leaved,  two 
very  long.  Fascicles  of  jloivers  ovate,  sessile,  sometimesyon  short  pe- 
duncles. Spikes  ovate,  oblong,  short,  4 — 6  flowered.  Valves  ovate^ 
obtuse,  keeled,  yellowish.     Pursh. 

Grows  in  sandy  fields — South-Carolina.     Pursh. 

Flowers  July. 


Spikes  oblong,  flatten- 
ed, in  corymbose  fasci- 
cles ;  fascicles  sessile  and 
on  peduncles  ;  in  vol  u- 
crum  three  leaved,  very 
Ion 


&• 


4.  Kyllinc^oides, 
C.  capitulo  globoso; 
spiculis  oblongis,  convex- 
is,  suboctofloris;  involu- 
cre tetraph}llo,  foliisque 
carinatis  laxis.  Vahl. 
Enum.  pi.  2,  p.  3 IS. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  50. 


Head  globose;  spikes 
oblong,  convex,  general- 
ly eight  flowered;  invo- 
lucrums  4  leaved,  and 
with  the  keeled  leaves 
loose. 


Stem  3  angled. 

Grows  in  wet  pine  woods— New-Jersey— -Carolina.    Pursh. 

Flowers  June. 


6.    AUTUMNALIS. 

C.  spiculis  linearibus, 
terTninalibus,digitato  sub- 
ternis ;  umbella  involu- 
crum  diphyllum  subse- 
quante.  Vahl.  Enum.  pi. 
S.  p.  3t8. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  51.. 


Spikes  Uwear,  terminal, 
digitate,  generally  by 
threes ;  umbel  as  long  as 
the  two  leaved  involu- 


crum. 


TRIANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


69 


SfiikfH  very  slcnilor.     Valves  purple  with  a  green  keel.     Stem  near- 
ly cvliiidrical.      I'ui>h. 

Grows  alon'jf  the  margins  of  ponds  and  ditches* 
Flowers  July — August. 


6.  CoMriir.ssus. 

C.  culmo  ti'iqiictro, 
inulo ;  iinil)e]lis  coinposi- 
tis;  spiculis  capitatis,  mul- 
litloris;  gliimis  aciiniinat- 
is,  lateribus  niciubraiiacc- 
is.     E. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  28£. 


Stem  3  anjiiled,  nak- 
ed ;  umbels  compound ; 
spikelets  capitate,  many 
flowered;  glumes  acumi^ 
nate,  with  tiuir  margins 
membranaceous. 


Sloan,  Jam.  1.  p.  lir.  t.  76.  f.  i. 

Stem  3 — 8  inches  high,  with  the  angles  obtuse.  Lf«res shorter  than 
tlic  stem,  linear-lanceolate,  maru;ins  and  midrib  entire.  Spilcelpts 
nearly  sessile,  somewhat  capitate,  oblong-lanceolate,  many  flowered 
(lb — 27.)  Glumes  not  mucronatc,  the  keel  green, sides  membranous, 
nearly  white.     Filaments  3.     Style  3  cleft. 

The  glumes  are  sharply  acuminate,  but  not  mucronate  as  represent- 
ed in  Sloan's  figure;  neither  is  the  panicle,  w  itli  us,  in  general  so  mucli 
divided.  In  other  respects  the  representation  is  good.  The  C.  com- 
pressiis  of  V'ahl  and  Pursh,  (1.  p.  51.)  appears  to  be  a  different  plant* 

Grows  in  dry  sandy  pastures.     Around  Beaufort,  common. 

Flowers  August — September. 


7.  Brfiz.tus.  Richard. 
C.  spiculis  oblongo-ova- 
tls,  obtusis ;  umbellulis 
confertis,  apbyllis ;  foliis 
angustis.  Ilicii.  Linn. 
Soc.  Paris,  p.  106. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  51. 

Grows  in  the  swamps  of  Cardinals 
Flowers  July. 


Spikelets  oblong  ovate, 
obtuse ;  partial  umbels 
crowded,  leafless ;  leaves 
narrow. 


8.  Vegetus. 

C.  culmo  gracili,  ob- 
tusc  triquetro ;  umbcllis 
decompositis  ;  spiculis 
ovalibus,     sub    globoso- 


Stem  .slender,  obtuse- 
ly 3  angled;  umliels  de- 
compound; spikelets  o- 
vul,  in  coiupuct  globose 


66 


TRIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


capitatis  compactis;    in- 
volucro  lonaiissimo.     E. 


heads ; 
long. 


involucrum  vei^ 


Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  283.  Vahl.  Enum.  pi.  2.  p.  S26.  Pursh,  1.  p.  51. 

Stem  2 — 3  feet  high,  nearly  round.  Lmues  linear-lanceolate,  chan- 
nelled, finely  serrulate  near  the  summit,  2 — 3  feet  long,  3 — 4  lines 
wide;  sheath  at  base  closed,  marcescent.  Involucrum  4  leaved,  tiie 
lower  leaves  very  long.  Flou-ers  in  short,  oval  spikelets,  generally 
9  flowered,  laterally  appressed  into  compact  heads.  Glumes  ovate; 
rather  acute.     Stifles  3  cleft.     Seed  oval. 

Grows  in  ponds  and  ditches  10  miles  from  Savannah,  on  the  Au- 
gusta road.     On  James  Island,  and  around  Charleston.     Not  common. 

Flowers  June — September.  Compact-headed  Cyperus, 


0.    VlRENS.       Mich. 

C  ciHrno  acutissime 
triqiaetro ;  unibellis  de- 
composits ;  spiculis  ova- 
to-lanceolatis,  sub  globo- 
so-capitatis  compactis  ; 
involiicro  longisshno.   E. 

IMich.  1.  p.  23. 

Cyperus  glomeratus,  Walt.  p.  TO. 

Stem  1 — 2  feet  high,  firmly  erect,  most  acutely  5  angled ;  the  an- 
gles scabrous  near  the  summit,  sides  concave.  Leaves  linear-lanceo- 
late, somewhat  compressed,  the  margins  and  midrib  serrulate,  2 — S 
feet  long,  4 — 6  lines  wide.  Hpiketets  commonly  16  flowered,  lateral- 
ly appressed  into  compact  heads  Glumes  lanceolate,  acute.  Fila- 
ment 1  .•*  atyle  3  cleft.     i>eed  oblong,  3  angled. 

This  differs  from  the  preceding  species  by  being  always  a  much  lar- 
ger plant,  having  a  stem  very  acute,  and  larirer  spikes.  It  is  certain- 
ly tije  C.  vircns  of  Michaux,  but  some  other  plant  must  have  been 
described  as  the  C.  virens  by  Vahl  and  Pursh. 

Grows  in  rich  swamps.  Common.  If  incautiously  drawn  through 
the  hand,  the  stem  will  cut  severely  with  its  sharpangles. 

Flowers  May — Oct.  Sharp  Chrass. 


Stem  acutely  3  angled; 
umbels  decompound  ; 
spikelets  ovate-lanceo- 
late, in  compact  globose 
heads ;  mvolucrum  very 
long. 


10.    FlLlCULMlS. 

C.  spiculis  linearibus. 
globoso-capiiatis  patentis- 
sinns  ;  umhrlla  sub-uni- 
radiata  ;    involutiis  tii- 


Spikelets  linear  in  glo- 
bose heads,  expanding ; 
umbel  generally  one  ray- 
ed ;     involucrum    three^ 


TRIANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


67 


pliyllis  ciilmisqiie  sctacc- 
is.  Vahl.  Eiiuin.  pi.  ^. 
p.  3:iS. 

Pursh,  1,  p.  51. 
Grows  in  Carolina.     Vahl. 

H.  Mariscoides. 
C.  spiculis  I'mcan-litn- 
ccolatis,  p;l()l)Os()-capitat- 
is  ;  uinbella  paucii  adiata 
(I— s)  vel  0  ;  involucro 
sill)  3-phyllo,  pitelongo, 
foliisqiic  liiicarilms,  ca- 
nulicuiatis.     E. 


leaved  with  the  stem  se- 
taceous. 


Spikelcts  linear-lan- 
ceolate in  i»;lobose  heads; 
umbel  >vitli  few  rays 
(I — z)  or  0;  involucrum 
generally  ;>  leaved,  very 
long  and  with  the  leaves 
linear  and  channelled. 


Font  somewhat  bulbous.  Stem  glabrous,  1  foot  lii;;h,  naked.  Leaven 
x:hannelled,  the  margins  and  midrib  serrulate,  half  as  long  as  the  stem. 
Heads  terminal ;  sometimes  one  or  two  branches  bear  smaller  heads. 
Spikes  compressed,  two  rowed,  7  flowered.  Glumes  compressed,  ob- 
tuse.    Stamens  3.     Style  3  cleft.     Seed  oblong,  3  angled  ;  bristles  0. 

To  the  preceding  species  this  appears  to  have  much  affinity,  but  I 
have  never  seen  its  leaves  or  stem  setaceous. 

Grows  in  dry  sandy  soils.     Around  Beaufurt,  common* 

Flowers  June — September. 


Stem  obtusely  3  ang- 
led ;  umbels  compound; 
spikelets  crowded,  lan- 
ceolate ;  glumes  acute. 


12.  Flavescens. 

C.  culmo  obtuse  tri- 
quetro ;  uml)ellis  compo- 
sitis ;  spiculis  confertis, 
lanceolatis;  glumis  acu- 
tis.     E. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  270. 

Stem  8 — 12  inches  high,  smooth,  shining,  and  with  the  whole  plant 
of  a  yellowish  hue.  Leaves  few,  slieathing  the  base  of  the  stem,  line- 
ar, slightly  channelled,  the  midrib  antl  margin  serrulate,  particularly 
near  the  point.  Slieath,  at  base  closed.  Spikelets  lanceolate,  8 — 20 
flowered.     Cahj.v  compressed,  acute.     Filaments '■Zt  Style  two  c\t{i. 

This  plant  which  is  generally  considered  m  this  country  as  the  C. 
flavesccns,  differs  from  the  character  in  the  Sp.  pi.  by  its  obtuse  stem 
and  acute  glumes. 

Grows  in  wet  soils.  Very  abundant  along  tlic  margins  of  saltwater 
coves. 

Flowers  July— October.  Yellow  Cyperus. 


m 


TJRIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


13.  Graci-lis.     Mulil.  Cat. 


C.  ciilmogracili,  acute 
triquetro ;  foliis  triquetris; 
umbellis  conipositis  ;  spi- 
culis  lineari-lanceolatis. 
E. 


Stem  slender,  acutely 
3  ani^led  ;  leaves  3  an- 
gled ;  umbels  compound ; 
spikelets  linear-lanceo- 
late. 


Moot  annual  ?  Stem  about  12  inches  high,  acutely  5  angled,  tender, 
fragile.  Leaves  nearly  as  long  as  the  stem  ;  the  margins  entire,  sides 
concave,  sometimes  compressed  ;  sheath  closed,  marcescent.  Spike' 
lets  genera  ly  12  flowered.  Glumes  lanceolate,  acute  ;  midrib  green, 
the  sides  marked  with  two  red  lines,  and  an  intermediate  yellow  spot* 
Style  S  cleft. 

Grows  in  damp  soils,  2  miles  from  Beaufort  near  the  main  road. 

Flowers  September-i-October.  Slender  Cyperus^ 


Root  tuberous  ;  stem 
obtusely  3  angled ;  leaves 
recurved  ;  umljcls  simple 
and  compound  ;  spike- 
lets  linear. 


14.  Hydra. 

C.  radice  tuberosa ; 
culmo  obtuse  triquetro ; 
foliis  recur  vis  ;  umbellis 
siiViplicibus  compositis- 
que ;  spiculis  linearibus. 
E. 

Mich,  1.  p.  27.     Vahl.  Enum.  pi.  2.  p.  344.     Pursh,  1.  p.  52. 

Root  perennial,  tuberous,  creeping :  tubers  nearly  half  an  inch  in 
diameter.  Stem  3 — 8  inches  high,  naked,  glabrous,  obtusely  3  angled. 
Leaves  all  from  the  root,  sheathing  the  base  of  the  stem,  subulate,  acute, 
slightly  channelled,  recurved,  a  little  glaucous  on  the  under  surface. 
Jnvolucrum  2 — 3  leaved.  Scales  of  the  calyx  ovate,  compressed, 
nearly  acute,  the  keel  green,  the  sides  bright  chesuut.  Filaments  3, 
twice  as  long  as  the  calyx.     Stigmas  2.     Seed  3  angled. 

Grows  in  the  drift  sands  along  the  margin  of  the  ocean. 

Flowers  through  the  whole  summer. .  JVut-grass. 

This  grass  is  becoming  a  gi*eat  scourge  to  our  planters.  It  shoots 
■from  the  base  of  its  stem  a  thread-like  fibre,  which  desce'.ids  perpen- 
dicularly 6 — 18  inches,  and  then  produces  a  small  tuber.  From  this, 
horizontal  fibres  extend  in  every  direction,  producing  new  tubers  at 
intervals  of  6  or  8  inches,  and  these  immediately  shoot  up  stems  to 
the  surface  of  the  earth,  and  throw  out  lateral  fibres  to  form  a  new 
progeny.  This  process  is  interminable,  and  it  is  curious  to  see  what 
a  chain  or  net-work  of  plants  and  tubers  can  with  some  care  be  dug 
up  in  a  loose  soil.  The  only  process  yet  discovered  by  which  this 
"H^-ass  can  be  extirpated,  is  to  plough  or  hoe  the  spots  in  which  it 


TRTANDHIA  MONOGYNIA. 


6f 


p-ows  ev^ry  Hay  thiou'^h  :i  whole  sca'«on.  In  tlicir  perpetual  effofts 
to  tiirow  tlicir  leaves  to  the  I'mlit  tlie  roofs  become  cxhauj-to'l  and 
poii"sli,  or  if  a  tew  appear  tl»c  next  spiin2;i  they  can  ea<>ilv  hv  dui;  up. 
This  experiment  has  been  succcsslully  tried  liy  John  M'Queen,  Esq. 
of  Chatham  couiitv,  Georgia. 


15.  Rrpens.     E. 

C.  railice  rcpcnte  ;  cul- 
mo  triquetro  ;  tbliis  g;la- 
hrrriMiij*  ;  umbrllti  siiu- 
plici  coinpositaque ;  spi- 
culis  coni'eriis,  lineari- 
lanceolatis.     E. 


Hoot  creeping ;  stem 
3  angled ;  leaves  very 
glabrous  ;  umbels  si  tuple 
and  compound;  spikclets 
crowded,  linear-lanceo- 
late. 


liont  creeping,  throwinjj  out  suckers  in  every  direction.  Stem 
12 — 18  inches  hvA),  3  angled,  with  the  sides  concave,  and  the  anj^Ies 
gbtuse.  Leaves  long,  narrow ,  thick,  recurved,  channelled,  with  the 
niarixins  very  entire,  luvolucr  m  3—4  leaved.  iiMri,er  tiian  the  um- 
bel, the  leaves  scabrous  alon^  tlic  margins.  Umbel  generally  simple, 
sometimes  a  little  compound,  many  rayed.  Spikes  crowded,  narrow, 
lanceolate,  10 — 12  flowered.  G/wj/ies  slightly  mucronate,  yellowish. 
stamens  3.     6tyle  3  cleft. 

Jsear  to  C.  hydra,  for  which  it  is  sometimes  mistaken.  It  is  how- 
ever a  larger  jjant,  and  creeps  not  by  tubers,  but  by  fibres  from  the 
root.  The  involucrum  is  proportionally  much  larger, the  spikes  more 
crowded,  yellow  m>t  purple,  wider,  and  the  glumes  more  pointed 
than  in  the  C.  hydra. 

Grows  in  the  fields  and  pastures  around  Charleston. 

Flowers  July — September.  Creeping  Cyperus, 


46.    TCBRROSUS. 

C.  spiculis  lineari-lan- 
ccolatis  convcxiusculis  ; 
involucro  triphyllo,  um- 
bella  quinqueradiata  lon- 
giore.  Vahl.  Enum.  pi. 
2.  p.  340. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  5-2. 

Grows  along  the  margins  of  rivers  from  Pennsylvania  to  Carolina. 
Koots  eatable.  Pursh.  Found  in  Georgia  by  Dr.  Baldwin.  I  have 
some  suspicion  tliat  this  and  tlie  prece<ling  species  are  the  same  plant, 
and  that  they  are  tlie  C.  phymatodes  of  Muhlenberg. 


Spikelets  linear  lanceo- 
late, somewhat  convex  ; 
involucrum  3  leaved, 
longer  than  the  5  rayed 

umbel. 

f 


70 


TRIANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


Spikes  corymbose  ; 
spikelets  linear,  some- 
what convex  ;  involu- 
cruni  longer  than  the  um- 
bel j  stem  leafy. 


.  17.    TCNUIFLORUS. 

C.  spicis  corymbosis, 
spiculis  linearibus  con- 
vexiusculis  ;  involucro 
umbella  longiore  ;  culmo 
folioso.  Vahl.  Enum,  pi. 
.2,  p.  347. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  284. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  52. 

C.  erythrorhizos  ?  Muhl.  Cat. 

Stem  2 — 3  feet  high,  nearly  terete.  Leaves  as  long  as  the  stem, 
5 — 6  lines  wide,  channelled,  with  the  margins  serrulate  ;  the  sheaths 
inclosing  the  stem  at  base,  but  only  connected  with  it  at  the  roots. 
Ji<voiucriim  many  leaved,  4  longer  than  the  umbel,  tlie  2  exterior 
very  long;  the  small  involucrum  linear  or  setaceous,  short.  -Spikes 
linear,  12 — 20  flowered,  very  slender  and  delicate,  glossy,  chesnut- 
coloured  Flowers  very  minute,  much  crowded  along  the  whole  of 
the  partial  rays.     Filaments  frequently  2. 

Grows  in  rice  fields,  ditches,  6lc. 

Flowers  August — October. 


18.  Odoratus. 

C.  spicis  corymbosis  ; 
spiculis  subulatis,  remotis, 
distichis  ;  valvulis  sub- 
distantibus ;  umbellis  pa- 
tentissimis  involucellum 
subsequantibus.  Vahl. 
Enum.  pi.  2.  p.  356. 

Sp.  pi.  l.p.  284. 
Pursh,  1.  p.  52. 

Grows  along  the  banks  of  rivers  from  Pennsylvania  to  Florida. 
Flowers  August. 


Spikes  coiymbose  ; 
spikelets  •  subulate,  re- 
mote, distichous ;  valves 
somewhat  distant;  um- 
bels expanding,  as  long 
as  the  small  involucrum. 


\ 

19.  Strigosus. 

C.  spicis  oblongis  laxis; 
spiculis  subulatis,  patenti- 
bus,  remotiusculis ;  invo- 
lucellis  subnuUis ;    urn- 


Spikes 
spikelets 


oblong 


loose 


subulate,    ex- 


panding, a  little  remote ; 
small  involucrums  gene. 


TRIANORIA  MONOGYNIA* 


71 


bcllulfc     radiis    alternis.  |  rally  \vuntin2;;  partial  um- 
Valil.  Kiuini.[>l.;2.p.  368.  |  beU  with  ullciiKitc  rays. 

Sn.  pi.  1.  p.  C^l. 
Mich.  1.  p.  28. 
Puidh,  1.  p.  52. 

Stem  2 — o  fevt  high,  3  angled.  Leaves  long,  rather  delicate,  with 
minute  serratures  along  the  marjiin.  Involucmm  uith  two  or  three 
leavfs  lonj^er  than  the  umbel.  Riiys  of  the  umhi'l  3  or  more.  Spike" 
li'ts  scattered  near  the  summit  ot"  the  rays,  linear,  subulate,  many 
flowered  (1-4 — 2-4).      I  fl/ff.'»  slightly  niucronate. 

As  the  spikelets  seem  scattered  alonjj;  the  comj/ion,  there  is  noftinaU, 
inviducrum,  and  it  is  often  a  minute  setaceous  leaf. 
Grows  in  swamps  and  ditches. 
Flowers  Auyrust — October. 


20.  Tetuagonus.     E. 

C.  spicis  oblongis,  cy- 
lindricis ;  spiculis  subte- 
tragonis,  paucifloris  ;  in- 
vjlucro  longissinio ;  iii- 
voluccllis  0. 


Spikes  oblong,  cylin- 
drical ;  spikelets  some- 
what -4  angled,  few  flow- 
ered ;  small  involucrum 


wanting. 


stem  2 — 3  feet  high,  naked  ;  angles  near  the  umbel  a  little  sca- 
brous. Loaves  12 — 18  inches  long.  3  lines  wide,cliannelled.  the  mar- 
gins and  midrib  serrulate.  Umbels  many  rayed,  racemes  about  an 
inch  hmg  at  the  extremity  of  the  rays,  several  sessile  in  the  centre 
of  the  umbel.  Spikes^ — 5  flowered.  Fnmj  the  width  of  the  rachis 
the  spike  is  distinctly  4  angletl.  Glumes  compressed,  nerved,  sli^ht- 
Iv  mucronate.  Stamens  3.  ^tyte  2  cleft.  Seed  oblong,  3  angled. 
bristles  0. 

Found  on  Edings'  Island;  also  near  St.  Mary's,  by  Dr.  Baldwiiu 
Rare  to  mc. 


21.  Flavicomus  ?    Mich. 


C.  culmo  triquetro  ; 
umbcllis  compositis  :  spi- 
culis lineari-lanceolatis  ; 
glumis  obtiisi."^,  subemar- 
ginatis.     E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  2r.     Pursh,  1.  p.  53  ? 

Plant  very  glabrous.  Stem  1 — 3  feet  high,  3  angled,  with  the  an- 
gles obtuse.  Leave.s  linear-lanceolate,  channelled,  nearly  as  Ions;  as 
tlie  stem,  sliglitlv  serrulate  near  the  sunimit;  a  little  glaucous  under- 
neatii ;  sheath  closed,  ntarcescent.  7»ii*o/Mc»'wm  very  long,  glaucous, 
with  tiie  keel  and  margins  green.     tSpikes  lu — 12  lluwered,  cxpand- 


Stem  3  angled  ;  um- 
bels comi)Ound  ;  spike- 
lets  linear-lanceolate  ; 
glumes  obtuse,  some- 
what  emarginatc. 


7a 


TRIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA, 


mff. 


»»g.  Glumes  abiuptly  obtuse.  Style  2  cleft.  The  unibefs  exhibit 
generally  a  yellowish  hue,  but  many  of  thfe  spikes  are  tinged  near  the 
base  witli  a  dull  leaden  colour. 

Grows  in  rich  soils,  near  buildings.  Vall'Ombrosa,  Great  Ogechee, 
and  arouud  Charleston.  In  bogs  it  becomes  a  large  plant,  2 — 3  feet  high, 
thick  and  succulent ;  in  dry  soils,  even  where  not  sandy,  it  rarely 
exceeds  12 — 15  inches  in  height. 

Flowers  May — September.  Yellow-spiked  Cyperus*. 


Spikes  distichous  ; 
spikelets  liliform,  expand- 
ing ;  florets  distant  j  um- 
bel strait. 


23.    i)lSTANS. 

C.  spicis  distichis,  spi- 
culis  filiformihus,  patenti- 
bus  ;  flosculis  distantibus  ; 
umbella  stricta.  Vahi. 
Enum.  pi.  2.  p.  362.         j 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  288. 
Pursh,  1.  p.  53. 

Appears  to  be  nearly  allied  lo  C.  strigosus,  but  I  haVci  seen  no  spe^*. 
cies  in  this  country  with  the  spikes  arranged  in  two  rows  on  the  com- 
mon peduncle. 

Grows  in  sandy  and  wet  woods,  Carolina  and  Georgia.    Pursh* 

Flowers 


S3.  Speciosus. 

C.  spicis  corymbosisj 
spiculis  subulatis,  disti- 
chis; umbellulis  involuqel- 
lo  brevioiibus  ;  oci eis  bi- 
aristatis;  cuhiio  acutangu- 


lo.     Vahl. 
p.  364. 


Enum.   pi.  3. 


Spikes  corymbose  i 
spikelets  subulate,  dis- 
tichous ;  partial  umbels 
shorter  than  the  small 
involucrums  ;  ocreas 
two  awned  j  stem  acute- 
ly agled. 


Pursh,  1   p.  53. 

Stevi  2 — 4  feet  high,  not  very  acutely  angled.  Leaves  1 — 2  feet 
long,  5 — 6  lines  wide,  deeply  chanelled,  somewhat  glaucous  under- 
neath 5  the  margins,  midrib,  and  angles  of  the  channel  serrulate; 
sheath  closed,  shrivelling.  Flowers  in  subulate  spikelets,  attached  oil 
every  side  to  a  common  peduncle,  horizontal  and  sometimes  divaria- 
cate.  Spikeiets  6 — 8  flowered.  Rays  of  the  umbel  many,  alternate. 
Invohicrum  many  leaved,  very  long ;  small  involucrums  longer 
than  tiie  partial  umbels.  Common  peduncles  sheathed  at  base  ;  the 
sheaths  (ocrete)  terminating  in  two  segments,  which  on  the  larger 
branches  are  subulate  and  nearly  an  inch  long,  on  the  smaller  branches 


TRIANDRIA  MONOCYNIA. 


73 


{lirv  resemble  awns.     Glumes  oblong  apprcssed.     Filaments  3. 
3  cleft.     Seed  ;>  anslctl,  compressed,  slightly  incurved. 

Grows  in  ditches  and  wet  places. 

Flowers  Auijust — October. 


Style 


SI.  Enslenii.     Pursh. 

C.  spicis  corymbosis, 
oblongis,  basi  rainosis, 
juulis ;  spiculis  nuniero- 
sis,  divaricatis,  confer- 
tis,  linearibus,  subscxflo- 
ris  ;     valvulis    oblongis, 


S])ikc3  coi'ymbose,  ob- 
long, brancbing  at  base, 
naked ;  spikelets  numc- 
jous,  divaricate,  crowded, 
linear,  generally  six  flow- 
ered J  valves  oblong,  stri- 
ate ;  involucrum  8  leav- 
ed, as  long  as  the  umbel. 


striatis ;  involucro  octo- 
pbyllo,  uiubcllam  subsc- 
quantc.     Pursii,  l.  p.  53. 

Stem  3  angled.  Leaves  linear,  3  nerved,  glabrous,  with  the  keel 
and  mar^^in  scabrous,  shorter  than  the  stem.  Invuliicrum  about  8 
leaved,  the  interior  shorter,  tlie  exterior  longer  than  the  rays  of  the 
the  umbel.  Spikelets*  \ery  numerous,  horizontal,  chcsnut -coloured. 
Is  it  a  variety  of  C.  speciosus  ?     Pursh. 

Grows  in  ditches  and  around  ponds. 

Flowers  August. 


DULICHIUM.     Richard. 


Spied'  subraccmosjB,  ex 
axillis  foliorum.  Sjncu- 
he  lineari-lanccolatje,sub- 
conipresssc.  Stylus  lon- 
gissimus,  biiidus.  Ger- 
ininis  setulfe  retrorsum 
asperse. 

1.    SpATHACEUiM. 

D.  culmo  tcreti,  tiifa- 
riani  Iblioso  ;  spiculis  pa- 
tulis,  subulatis,  in  race- 
mis  axillaribus.     E. 


Spikes  somewhat  race- 
mose, growing  from  the 
axils  of  the  leaves.  Spike- 
//?^irnear.lanccolate,cum- 
pressed.  Style  very  long,3 
cleft.  Bristles  of  the^e/v;* 
rctrosely  roughened. 

I  Stem  columnar,  with 
I  leaves  pointing  in  three 
I  directions ;  spikelets  ex- 
I  panding,  subulate,  in  ax- 
illarv  racemes. 


Persoon,  1.  p.  65. 

Cyperus  spathaceus,  Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  289.     Big.  p.  13. 

Clayton,  p.  9.  No.  562. 

Scirpus  spathaceus,  Mich.  1.  p.  S2. 


74 


TRIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


Stem  columnar,  striate,  12 — 18  inches  high.  Leaves  Hnear-Iancco- 
late,  flat,  margins  serrulate,  2 — 3  inches  long,  2 — 3  lines  wide,  always 
pointing  in  three  directions;  sheath  at  base  shorter  than  the  joints, 
loose,  closed.  Flowers  in  subulate  spikelets  6—7  flowered,  forming 
axillary  racemes,  simple,  sometimes  compound;  common  peduncle 
just  as  long  as  the  sheaths  of  the  leaves.  Glumes  linear -lanceolate, 
very  acute.  Filaments  3.  Style  2  cleft,  persistent.  Seed  oblong,  3 
angled,  surrounded  by  6  bristles  scabrous  and  longer  than  the  seed* 

Grows  in  wet  sandy  soils.     Common. 

Flowers  August — September.  Sheathed  Buiichiwn. 


MARISCUS. 


iSpicid  siibteretes,  in 
capitulis  aggreg^tis.  Sta- 
mina  3.  Stylus  3-fidus. 
Semen  triquetrum,  nu- 
dum. 

1.  Retrofractus. 

M.  culmo  obtuse  tri- 
quetro,  pubescente ;  um- 
bellis  simplicibus  ;  capi- 
tulis obovatis;  spicis  su- 
bulatis,  unifloris,  reflexis. 
E. 

Scirpus  retrofractus,     Sp.  pi.  1,  p.  304. 

Stem  naked,  2  feet  high.  Leaves  linear,  about  one  foot  long,  pubes^ 
eent.  Spikes  terete,  subulate,  generally  3  flowered,  of  which  the  lower 
and  upper  are  abortive.  Glume  of  the  lower  flower  obtuse,  of  the  2 
superior  ones  acute.  Filaments  3,  adhering  to  the  germ.  Style  S 
cleft.     Seed  oblong,  3  angled,   without  bristles. 

Grows  in  dry  soils.     Commoii  in  cultivated  land. 

Flowers  through  the  summer. 


Spikes  nearly  terete, 
clustered  in  heads.  Sta- 
mens 3.  Style  3  cleft. 
Seed  3  angled,  naked. 


Stem  'obtusely  8  ang- 
led, pubescent ;  umbels 
simple  ;  heads  obovate  ; 
spikes  subulate,  i  flow- 
ered, reflexed. 


f3.    CVLINDRICUS.       E. 

M.  culrao  obtuse  tri- 
quetro,  glabro;  umbellis 
simplicibus;  capitulis  cy- 
lindricis :  spicis  lanceola- 
tis,  sub-compressis,  pau- 
cifloris  (s— 5),  patenti- 
bi*s.  E. 


Stem  obtusely  3  ang- 
led, glabrous  ;  umbels 
simple ;  heads  cylindri- 
cal ;  spikes  lanceolate, 
somevviiat  compressed, 
few  flowered  (2—5),  ex- 
panding. 


TRl ANURIA  MONOGYNIA. 


^5 


Stem  nakcil,  2—3  feet  high.  Leaves  I  foot  long, linear,  channelled, 
glabrous,  the  margins  and  iniilrib  towards  the  summit  acutely  serru- 
late. Spikes '2 — 5  rtowered,  compressed,  flowers  distichous.  Glumes 
compressed,  acute,  nerved,  keeled,  looselv  imbricate.  Heed  oblong, 
3  aii:;Icd,   acute  at  each  end^  without  bristles. 

This  plant  resembles  the  M.  ecliinatus.  Its  snikes  however  are 
smaller,  and  more  crowded,  the  flowers  on  each  spike  less  numerous, 
und  tiie  heads  cylindrical. 

Grows  in  cultivated  land  of  almost  every  description. 

Flowers  tlirough  the  summer.  i.' 


3.    ECHINATUS. 

M.  culriio  obtuse  tri- 
qiiclro,  glabro  ;  iniibcllis 
siniplicibus;  capitulis  2;lo- 
bosis  ;  spicis  liiicari-laii- 
ceolatis,  siiboctofloris 
(6—8),  patcntilms.     E. 

Scirpus  echinatus,     Sp.  pi.  1.  p. 
Kyllliigia  ovularis  .'  Mich.  1.  p. 

Stem  naked,  1 — '3  feet  high.  Leaves  similar  to  those  of  M.  cylin- 
dricus.  Spikes  linear-lanceolate,  6 — 8  flowered,  compressed,  forming 
a  perfectly  globular  head.  Floirers  in^wo  rows.  Glumes  acute.  Fi' 
laments  5.     5^//^  3  cleft,    ^efrf  3  angled,    without  bristles. 

Grows  in  cultivated  land.     Very  common. 

Flowers  through  the  summer. 


Stem  obtusely  3  ang- 
led, glabrous  ;  umbels 
simple ;  heads  globose 
spikes  linear-laneeolate; 
eight  flowered,  expand- 
ing. 

304. 


20. 


SCIRPUS.     Gex.  PL.  9.1. 


GlinufC  paleacete,  undi- 
<iue  imbricatpe.  Corolla 
0.     Semen  i. 

*  Spica  iinica,  termi- 
nali. 

1.  Capillaceus.     IVlic 

S.  culmo  tereti,  pu- 
sillo ;  spiea  ovata,  acuta  ; 
glumis  acutis  ;  semine 
compresso,  obovato.     E. 


Glumes  chaflTy,  imbri- 
cate on  all  sides.  CoroU 
la  0.     Seed  1. 

*  Spike  solitarily  termi- 
nal. 


1. 


Stem  terete,  minute; 
spike  ovate,  acute  ;  glu- 
mes acute  ;  seecl  com- 
pressed, obovate. 


Mich.  1.  p.  30. 

S.  pusillus,  Vahl.  Enum.  pi.  2.  p.  245.    Pursh,  1.  p.  54. 


7i 


TRIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.. 


Boot  annual?  Stem  erect  and  procumbent,  1 — 3  inches  high,  slight- 
ly fui  rowed.  Leaves  0,  but  a  sheath  surrounding  the  base  of  the  stem* 
Midrib  of  i\\t  glumes  green  ;  sides  ferruginous;  margins  white, mem- 
branous; the  two  lower  scales  generally  shorter.  FUamentsS.  Germ 
crowned  with  a  small  conic  tubercle.  Style  2, — 3  cleft.  Bristles  6, 
pellucid,  a  little  longer  than  the  germ. 

Grows  in  patches  sometimes  1  and  2  feet  in  diameter,  clothing  the 
ground  like  moss,  and  preferring  places  that  have  recently  been  aban« 
doned  by  water. 

Flowers  March — June.  Minute  Scirpus. 


2.  Trichodes.     Muhl.  Cat. 


Stem  setaceous;  spikes 
ovate-lanceolate;  glumes 
generally  obtuse ;  seed 
3  angled. 


S.  culrno  setaceo;  spi- 
els ovato-lanceolatis;  glu- 
mis  subobtusis;  semine 
triquetro.     E. 

S.  acicularis.^  Pursh,  1.  p.  54. 

Stem  6 — 8  inches  high,  setaceous,  glabrous.  Glumes  ovate-lanceo- 
late, nearly  white.  Seed  obovate,  3  angled,  longitudinally  ribbed? 
tubercle  very  small. 

Described  from  specimens  found  by  Dr.  Trescott,  near  Cliarleston. 


Flowers  June — July. 


Hear -like  Scirpus, 


3.  Simplex.     E. 

S.  culmo  tereti  ;  spica 
subovata ;  glumis  obtusis ; 
semine  obovato,  trique- 
tro. 


Stem  columnar ;  spike 
somewhat  ovate  ;  glumes 
ol)tuse  ;     seed    obovate, 


o  angled. 


Eoot  perennial.  Stem  erect,  8 — IS  inches  high,  glabrous,  (striate 
when  examined  with  a  lens.)  Leaf  0,  but  a  short  marcescent  sheath 
at  the  base  of  the  stem.  6r/Hmfssubovate,  obtuse,  nearly  white ;  mid- 
rib scarcely  distinct.  Stigmas  3,  slightly  feathered,  glandular. 
Seed  crowned  with  a  very  small  3  angled  tubercle.  Bristles  glandu- 
lar, as  long  as  the  seed. 

Grows  in  wet  places,  bogs,  &c.  Has  some  affinity  to  S.capillaceus, 
but  differs  much  in  size,  and  by  its  obtuse  spike  and  glumes.  Re- 
sembles S.  tuberculatus  in  size  and  appearance,  but  differs  in  the  seed; 

Flowers  through  the  summer. 


4.  FiLIFORMIS. 

5.  spica  cylindrica,  ob- 

longa,    obtusa,    squamis 
subrotundis ;    seminibus. 


Spike  cyliadric,  oblong, 
obtuse,  with  the  scales 
nearly    round  j    seeds 


TRIANDRIA  MONOGVNIA. 


77 


vcrticc  luidis :  culmis  fili- 
formil)us, terclibus.  Vahl. 
Kniiin.  pi.  2.  p.  248. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  54. 
Grows  ill  wet  places,  ditches,  &c 
Pursh. 

Flowers  July — August. 


nuked   at    the   summit ; 
stems  filiform,  terete. 


from  New-Jersey  to  Carolinsu 


5.  Palustris. 

S.  culmo  tereti,  striato, 
nitido  :  spica  ol)lon2;o- 
lancpolata ;  glimiis  sub- 
obtusis ;  scmine  obovato, 
comprcsso,  glabro ;  se- 
tuiis  scabris,     E. 


ttHllf 

Stem  columnar,  stnatc, 
shining ;  spike  oblong- 
lanceolate  ;  glumes  some- 
what ol)tuse  ;  seed  oho- 
vate,  a  little  compressed, 
glabrous  ;  bristles  sca- 
brous. 

Sp.  pi.  l.p.  291.     Pursh,  1.  p.  54. 

Hoot  creeping;,  perennial.  Stem  1 — 2  feet  high,  very  glabrous. 
Leaf  0,  but  generally  3  sheaths  enclose  the  stem  ;  the  interior  G — 8 
inches  long,  glabrous,  obliquely  truncate,  toothed  at  tiie  summit, 
closed  ;  the  2  exterior  loose,  marcescent,  much  shorter.  Spike  often 
oblique.  Glumes  oblong-ovate,  midrib  green,  margins  membranous. 
iS'gf'rf  crowned  with  a  compressed  conical  tubercle,  a  little  smaller  than 
the  genn.  Bristles  3 — 4,  longer  than  the  germ,  lougheued  with 
small  teeth  .-  bent  backwards. 

(irows  in  rice  fii'lds,  fresh  marshes,  &c. 

Flowers  April — May.  Bog  Scirpus. 


6.  Geniculatus. 

S.  spica  ovato-oblonga, 
squamis  ovato-subrotun- 
dis  ;  culmis  teretibus,  ap- 
proximate interstinctis. 
Vahl.  Enum.  pi.  2.  p.  250. 

Sp.  pi,  1.  p.  291.     Pursh,  1.  p.  55. 

Hrows  on  the  sea  shore  of  Soutli-Carolina. 
Flowers  July. 


Spike  ovate-oblong, 
scales  ovate  and  nearly 
round  ;  stems  terete, 
glowing  in  distinct  clus- 
ters. 


Pursh. 


7.  Capitatls. 
S.     culmo     subtercti, 
sulcaio  ;  spica  obtusissi- 


Stem  nearly  columnar, 
furrowed  -,  spike  obtusely 


78 


TRIANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


me  ovata ;    seniine  obo-     ovate  ;      seed     obovate, 
vato,  coriipresso.     E.  conlpre^se^l. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  95.     Pursh,  1.  p.  55  ?    Walt.  p.  70.     Clayton. 

Stem  erect,  8 — 18  inches  high,  glabrous,  inflated.  LeafO',  a  mar- 
cescent  sheatii  about  1  incli  long  clothing  the  base  of  the  stem.  Spilce 
very  obtuse,  sometimes  nearly  globose,  Glumes  round,  coriaceous, 
the  midrib  at  first  green,  then  with  the  sides  rufous,  margins  mem- 
branous. Tubercle  compressed,  ovate,  equalling,  or  longer  than  the 
germ,  smaller  than  the  mature  seed.  Bristles  6,  as  long  as  the  glumes, 
scabrous. 

Grows  in  bogs  and  damp  soils.  Found  in  abundance  in  spots  oc- 
casionally overflowed  with  salt  water. 

Flowers  through  the  summer.  Round-headed  Scirpus. 


S.    TUBERCULATUS.       M'lCh. 


S.  culmo  tereti,  striato; 
glumis  obtusissimis,  laxe 
appressis  ;  semine  sub- 
triquetro,  tuberculo  sa- 
gittato  seipso  majore,  co- 
ronato. 


Stem  columnar,  striatej 
glumes  very  obtuse,loose- 
lyappressed;  seed  some- 
w^liat  3  angled  ;    tubercle 


sagittate, 
seed. 


larger  tliaii  the. 


stem  about  12  inches  high,  sheathed  at  base  with  one  or  two  mem- 
branous marcescent  scales,  1 — 2  inches  long.  Spike  ovate-lanceolate. 
Glumes  nearly  round,  with  the  margin  scarious,  midrib  green.  Sta- 
mens 2?  Tubercle  much  larger  than  the  germ,  as  large  as  the  mature 
seed.  Seed  striate.  Bristles  6,  as  long  as  the  tubercle,  glandular, 
feathered. 

Grows  in  damp  and  wet  soils. 

Flowers  July — August. 


9.    QuADRANGULATUS. 

S-  culmo  acute  quad- 
rangulato,  lateribus  tribus 
concavis,  uiio  latiore,  pia- 
no ;  spica  cilyndrica  ; 
glumis  obtusissimis. 

Mich.  1.  p.  SO.     Pursh,  1.  p.  55. 

Root  creeping,  perennial.  Stem  erect,  1 — 2  feet  high,  glabrous, 
the  sides  sometimes  all  unequal  in  width  ;  clothed  at  base  with  2 
membranous  sheaths  ;  the  interior  3 — 4  inches  long,  closed  ;  the  ex- 
terior 1 — 2  inches  long,  open,  marcescent.     Spike  an  inch  or  more 


Midi. 

Stem  acutely  four  an- 
gled, three  sides  concave, 
one  wider,  flat  ;  spike 
cylindrical ;  glumes  very 
obtuse. 


TRIANDlllA    MONOCYNIA. 


yo 


lonjj,  C)limlrical.  Glumes  nearly  rnnjul,  tlie  midrib  j2;recn,  sideb 
rerrus;iii(iiis,  tlie  margins  scarious.  Filaments  3,  very  sliort.  Style 
n  little  dilated  at  base,  scarcely  forming  a  tubercle.  Bristles  3,  seta- 
ceous, loiij;er  than  tlie  perm. 

Grows  in  swamps  and  boj;s.  In  rice  fields  it  becomes  a  very  inju- 
rious intruder,  as  its  thick  creepin;;  roots  occupy  the  >;round,and  per- 
niit  not'iinc;  to  prow  where  they  extend.  This  is  a  very  different 
plant  from  the  S.  tenuis  of  Muhl.  Cat. 

Flowers  April — May.  Fuur-a»gled  Scirpus, 


10.    EqurSETOTDES.       E. 

S.  spicacylindrica,  ter- 
ininali,  sqiiamis  obtiisissi- 
mis  ;  culmis  teretibiis, 
duplicato-articulatis.     E. 


Spike  cylindrical,  ter- 
minal, scales  very  obtuse ; 
stems  terete,  doubly 
jointed. 


SIpui  erect,  18 — 24  inches  high,  terete,  glabrous,  slightly  roughened 
over  the  whole  surface  with  small  tubercles  depressed  in  the  middle, 
distinctly  jointed  at  intervals  of  1 A  or  2  inches,  witli  several  ob- 
scure intermediate  joints,  clothed  at  base  with  2  glabrous  sheaths,  and 
terminating  in  a  cylimlrical  spike  an  inch  long.  Scales  very  obtuse, 
sc'trious  along  the  margin,  with  a  purple  border  just  below  the  mem- 
branous marg'tns.  .'^^y/p  2  cleft,  forming  at  base  a  slender  tubercle 
nearly  the  si/.e  of  the  germ. 

This  plant,  excepting  that  it  wants  stipules,  bears  at  first  sight  so 
striking  a  resemblance  to  tlie  Equisetum  hyemale,  that  al  tlie  sugges- 
tion of  Dr.  Macbiide  I  have  <lerived  its  name  from  this  circumstance. 
Wit'.i  the  preceding  species  it  might  form  a  distinct  section  ;  the  struc- 
tHre  of  their  spikes  and  Howers  are  so  peculiar  and  so  exactly  alike. 

For  specimens  of  tliis  plant  I  am  indebted  to  tlie  Rev.  Mr.  JiCwis  de 
Schweinit/.  of  Salem,  North-Carolina,  who  collected  it  near  Fayette- 
ville  in  that  state.  It  was  recognized  immediately  by  Dr.  Macbride 
as  an  inhabitant  of  St.  Johns.  It  grows  on  the  eastern  edge  of  the 
public  road,  in  water,  seven  or  eight  rods  to  the  south  of  Frierson's 
lock,  Santee  Canal. 

Flowers  June. 


**  Spicis  pluribus.         I       ^*  Spikes  numerous, 
a.  aphyllis.  \  a,  without  leaves. 

11,  Deb'ilis.     Muhl.  Cat. 


S.  culmo  trifjuctro,  e- 
recto  ;  spiculis  paucis, 
a^grcgatis,  scssilibus,  ter- 
minalibus  ;  glumis  mem- 
braiiaceis,  mucronatis ; 
involucro  ereclo.     E. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  55  r 


Stem  .3  angled,  erect  ^ 
spikes  lew,  aggregate, 
sessile,  terminal ;  glumes 
mcmlu'anaceous,  mucro« 
naie ;  lavoiucrum  erect: 


80 


TRIANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


Root  perennial,  cespitose.  Stem  12 — 18  inches  high,  obtusely  3 
angled,  glabrous,  with  1 — 3  sheaths,  loose  at  base,  and  slightly  mu- 
cronate.  Involncrum  2 — 3  inches  long,  erect.  Spikes  generally  3, 
ovate.  Glumes  ovate,  membranous,  somewhat  inflated,  mucronate. 
£eed  obovate,  flattened  on  one  side,  transversely  striate,  pointed  with 
the  persistent  style.     Bristles  6  ?  longer  than  the  seed. 

Grows  in  the  upper  country.  Brought  from  Greenville  by  Mr. 
Moulins. 

Flowers  September.  Weak-stalked  Scirpus, 

13.  Americanus.     Persoon. 


Stem  3  angled,  sides 
concave  ;  spikes  ovate, 
lateral,  sessile  ;  seed  acu- 
minate. 


S.  culmo  triquetro,  la- 
teribus  concavis ;  spicis 
ovatis,  lateralibus,  sessili- 
biis ;  semine  acuminato. 
E. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  55.     S.  triqueter,  Mich.  1.  p.  30. 
S.  murronatus,  Walt.  p.  70. 

Root  thick,  creeping.  Stem  2 — 3  feet  high, glabrous,  the  sides  con^ 
cave,  margins  entire.  Sheaths  1 — 3,  2 — 3  inches  long,  acute,  keeled, 
sheathing  the  base  of  the  stem.  Spikes  ovate,  6 — 8  clustered  on  eaclt 
•stem.  Glumes  ovate,  ferruginous,  with  the  margins  scarious.  Seed 
obovate,  flat  on  one  side,  convex  on  the  other,  with  the  apex  acumi- 
nate, not  tubercled.  Bristles  6,  glandular,  hairy,  longer  than  the 
germ. 

This  appears  to  be  an  intermediate  species  between  S.  triqueter  and 
mucronatus.  It  differs  from  the  former,  by  its  concave  sides  and 
sessile  spikes  ;  from  the  latter,  by  its  erect  stem  and  small  number  of 
spikes. 

Grows  in  damp  soils.     Very  common. 

Flowers  through  the  summer. 


Without  leaves;  spikes 
oblong,  scales  entire,  acu- 
minate ;  stem  3  angled. 


13.  Mucronatus. 

S.  aphyllus,  spicis  ob- 
longis,  squamis  integer- 
rimisj  mucronato-acumi- 
natis ;  culmo  triquetro. 
Vahl.  Enum.  2.  p.  256. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  303.     Pursh,  1.  p.  55. 

Stem  with  the  angles  compressed,  the  summit  much  longer  than  the 
flowers,  and  bent  to  one  side.     Linn. 

Grows  in  swamps  and  salt  marshes,  from  Canada  to  Carolina. 
Pursh. 

Flowers  Aujrust. 


TRIANDRIA  MOHOOYNlA,? 


«1 


14.  LvrusTHis. 

S.  apliylliis,  spicis  ob- 
longis,  squainis  pjlabris, 
niucroiiatis  ;stylis  trilidis ; 
uinbclla  decomposita ; 
culmo     tereti.  Vahl. 

Enum.  pi.  3.  p.  267. 


Without  leaves ;  spiked 
oI)long,  scales  glabrous, 
iiuicmuate  ;  styles  3 
cleft  ;  umbels  dccoiiw 
pound  ;  stem  terete. 


Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  296.     Mich.  1.  p.  31.     Pursh,  1.  p.  55. 

Stem  erect,  4 — 12  feet  high,  sometimes  from  1  to  2  inches  in  diamei>^ 
ter,  glabrous,  f»laucous,  striate.  Spikes  numerous,  ovate,  uinbellete, 
frequently  5  or  4  clustered  toj^ether  on  the  summits  of  the  peduncles. 
Common  inro/j/crMHi  2  leaved,  unequal,  apparently  formed  by  the  ex* 
tension  of  the  stem,  shorter  than  the  umbel.  Glumes  lanceolate.,  a 
little  plaited  at  tlic  summit,  ciliate.  Style  long,  -2  cleft.  Seed  obo- 
vatc,  plano-convex,  smooth,  pointed  with  the  persistent  style.  liris* 
tlea  6,  longer  than  the  seed,  with  small  teeth  bent  backwards. 

This  description  perhaps  belongs  to  the  following  species,  yet  the 
scales,  though  slightly  fringed  and  a  little  roughened,  are  never  vil- 
lous 

Grows  generally  in  the  marshy  margins  of  rivers.  Near  the  moutk 
of  Savannah  river  I  have  seen  the  largest  specimens. 

Flowers  through  the  summer.  Large  marsh  Scirpuaf 

15.  Validus. 

S.  apbyllus,  spicis  ova- 
to-oblongis ;  squaniis  dor- 
so  villosis  ;  stylis  bilidis  ; 
umbella  decomposita  ; 
involucro  brevissimo  a- 
pice  tereti.  Vahl.  Eiiuin. 
|)1.  2.  p.  268. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  50. 


Leafless  ;  spikes  ovate 
oblong  ;  scales  villous  ou 
the  back  ;  styles  3  cleft ; 
umbel  decompound ;  in- 
volucrum  very  short, 
terete  at  the  summits 


Grows  in  lakes  and  ponds^  from  Canada  to  Caroling;. 
Flowers  August. 


32 


TRIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


***   Culmis  ad  basin  \ 
foliosis*  I 

46.  Minimus. 

S.  spicis  ovatis,  aciitis, 
subsolitariis  ;  culmis  fo- 
liisque  capillaribus,  cur- 
vatis.  Vahl.  Eniim.  pi. 
2.  p.  253. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  55. 

Grows  in  wet  sandy  fields,  and  near  ponds,  from  Virginia  to  Caro- 
lina.    Pursh. 
Flowei'S  July. 


***  Stem  leafy  at  base. 


Spikes  ovate,  acute, 
fiequently  solitary ;  stem 
and  leaves  capillary,  curv- 
ed. 


17.    AUTUMNALIS. 

S.  culmo  compresso, 
ancipiti ;  spiculis  lanceo- 
latis.     E. 


Stem  compressed,  2 
edged  j  spikelels  lance- 
olate. 


Sp.  pi.  l.p.  301.     Pursh,  1.  p.  37. 
S.  mucronulatus,  Mich.  l.p.  31. 

Root  annual  i  Stem  erect,  8 — 10  inches  high,  very  much  compress- 
ed, finely  serrulate  along  the  margins  near  the  summit.  Leaves  linear, 
acute,  flat,  slightly  channelled,  serrulate  near  the  point,  as  long  as  the 
stem;  the  throat  of  the  sheath  slightly  bearded.  ZT/nft^Zs  compound. 
Spikes  small,  lanceolate,  a  little  rough.  Glumes  lanceolate,  acute, 
sliglitly  raucronate,  and  the  summits  after  flowering  slightly  reflexed. 
Style  3  cleft.     Seed  2  angled,  glabrous. 

Grows  in  damp  soils.     Very  common. 

Flowers  August — October.      Autumnal  or  Jiat -stemmed  Scirpus. 


18.    CiLIATIFOLIUS.       E. 

S.  culmo  tereti,  striato; 
foliis  linearibus,  canalicu- 
latis,  ciliatis  ;  spicis  ova- 
tis,  acutis ;  involucro 
brevissimo.     E. 

S.  capillaris  ^    Muhl.  Cat. 


Stem  columnar,  striate ; 
leaves  linear,  channelled, 
ciliate ;  spikes  ovate,  a- 
cute  ;  involucrum  very 
short. 


•In  this  division  I  have  found  no  bristles  surrounding  the  seed.  Some  of  tlic 
species  from  tlieir  fimbriate,  deciduous  styles  have  been  made  to  constitute  the 
genus  Pimbristylis.  But  it  is  doubtful  whether  these  characters  afford  nioie  than 
specific  distinctions,  and  whether  they  do  not  separate  species  most  closely  allied 
by  habit. 


TRTANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


8S 


Hoot  annual  ?  Stem  C— 8  inches  iiij!;h,  very  slender.  I^ai'ps  linear, 
cliannolltnl,  striate,  ciliate,  margins  rouji^lj,  nearly  as  lonj;  as  the  stem; 
sheath  open  at  base,  a  little  contracted  at  the  throat,  ciliate.  Stipules 
bearded.  Umbels  coinixtiind.  Tlie  loaf  of  the  i»i"o/«crM)H  half  the 
length  of  the  uinl)el,the  otliers  very  minute.  Spikes  ovate-lanceolate, 
acute,  siiiull.  (Humes  lunceulalc,  acute,  with  a  short  point.  Stigmas 
-2.  .SVrr/  obovate,  .'>  angled,  finely  furrowed  transversely,  and  crowned 
witli  a  small  tubercle. 

In  this  species  the  leaves  are  ciliate,  not  serrulate,  the  spikes  acute, 
and  the  <j;lume.s  >;labrou-^,  entire.  In  its  general  appearance  atid  size 
it  resembles  S.  autumtialis. 

(irows  in  damp  soils.  Two  miles  from  Beaufort,  near  the  main 
road. 

Flowers  September — October.  Fringe-leaved  Scirpus, 


Stem  fill  form,  obtusclv 
3  angled  :  leaves  setace- 
ous :  involucruin  4lcaved, 
very  long  ;  spikes  clus- 
tered ;  glumes  mucro- 
nate. 


19.  Stenoimiyllus.     E. 

S.  culmo  lUiibrmi,  ob- 
tuse triquctro  :  follls  se- 
taceis  ;  involucro  4  phyl- 
lo,  prjelongo  ;  spicis  ag- 
gregatis ;  glumis  longe 
mucronatis.     E. 

Dicliroma  c«spitosum,  Muhl.  Cat. 

Root  fibrous,  annual.  Stem  erect  and  procumbent,  3 — 4  inches 
high,  glabrous,  obtusely  3  square,  growing  in  small  dense  tufts, 
///'rtivs  few,  setaceous,  somewhat  3  ant!;lcd,  rougiiened  along  the 
^dge,  nearly  as  lon^r  as  the  stem,  hairy  at  the  throat  of  the  sheath. 
Spikes  generally  6  tlowere<i,  (4 — G)  sessile,  clustered,  terminal.  Iii- 
volucrum  4  leaved,  unequal,  nearly  as  long  as  the  stem  ;  a  smaller 
leaf  generally  i:;uarils  the  base  of  each  spike.  Glumes  lanceolate. acu- 
minate, inucronate,  keeled  ;  the  keel  rou^henetl,  terminating-  in  a 
long  point,  slit|.htly  reHexed,  green,  tlie  margins  feiruiiinous. 
Stamen  I  }  Style  3  cleft.  i>eed  3  angled,  transversely  striate,  crown- 
ed with  a  very  small  tubercle. 

firows  in  dry  sandy  soils.  Around  Beaufort,  common.  Jame? 
Island. 

Flowers  July — September.  Thread-leaved  Scirpus. 


20.  COARCTATUS.   E. 

S.  umbclla  composlta, 
coarctata ;  spicis  parvu- 
lis,  lineari-lanccolatis  ;  in- 
involucro  setacco  foliolo 


Umbel  compound, 
oowded  ;  s])ikes  small, 
linear-lanceolate  ;  invo- 
lucruin   setaceous,   with 


84i 


TRIANDRIA  M0N0GYNIA« 


longiore 


uno    iimbella 

foliis     filiformibus,    hinc 

concavis.     E. 


one  of  its  leaves  longei*' 
than  the  umbel ;  leaves 
liliform, concave  on  i  side. 

S.  castaneus,  Muhl.  Cat. 

Stem  filiform,  1  foot  high,  generally  bending.  Leaves  glabrous, 
sheaths  open,  the  beard  of  the  throat  long.  Umbel  compound,  3 — 4 
spikes  on  each  branch,  one  generally  sessile  in  the  division,  Invo' 
lucrum  many  leaved,  leaves  setaceous,  scabrous  along  the  margins,  a 
little  hairy  at  base  :  one  only  longer  than  the  umbel.  Glumes  ovate- 
lanceolate,  a  little  pointed,  near  the  summit  margined  with  a  very 
short  fringe,  ferruginous;  the  midrib  prominent,  greenish.  Htyle! 
fleeply  3  cleft.     Seed  obovate,  3  angled,  with  little  or  no  tubercle. 

This  has  usually  been  considered  as  the  S.  castaneus  of  Michau?' 
but  it  is  cartainly  a  different  plant. 

Grows  ift  very  dry  sandy  soils.     Around  Beaufort,  common. 

Flowers  September — October. 


2i.  Castaneus.     ]Mich. 

S.  spicis  ovato-oblongis, 
obtusis;  involiicrodiphyl- 
lo,  rigido,  iimbellani  sub- 
compositam  sequante. 
Vaiil. 


Spikes  ovate  oblongs 
obtuse  ;  involucrum  2 
leaved,  rigid,  as  long  as 
the  compound  umbel. 


Mich.  1.  p.  SI. 
Fimbristylis  castaneura,  Vahl.  Enum.  pi.  2.  p.  92. 
Stem  nearly  terete,  striate.  Radical  leaves  very  narrow,  long, 
erect,  somewhat  rigid.  Umbel  terminal,  surrounded  with  several  erect 
bracteas;  branches  1^-4  spiked.  Spikes  ovate,  nearly  round,  of  a 
dark  chesnut  colour.  Scales  nearly  orbicular,  few.  Styles  fimbriate,' 
5  clett.     Mich. 

Grows  in  Florida,  Mich. — in  Carolina,  Pursh. 
Flowers  July. 


22.  Spadiceus. 

S.  spicis  ovato-lanceo- 
latis ;  involucro  rigido, 
foliolo  uno  umbellam  su- 
perante  ;  foliis  subulatis, 
semiteretibus,  striatis.   £. 


Spikes  ovate-lanceo- 
late ;  involucrum  rigid, 
with  one  leaf  longer  than 
the  umbel ;  leaves  subu- 
late,   somewhat     terete, 


I  striate. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  305. 

IFimbristylis  spadiceum,  Vahl.  Enum.  pi.  2.  p.  294*     Pursh,  1 .  p.  49; 


TttTANDRIA    MONOOIfNiA.  SB 

Hoot  forminj;  a  thick,  compact  tuft.  Stems  crowded,  2 — 3  fe^  ^>gh, 
nt'arlv  rouiul  at  base.  leaves  12 — 18  inches  liig'i,  1  line  in  diameter, 
concave  <tn  tlu-  interior  surface,  niaic;ins  a  little  rough,  sheathing  th© 
base  of  the  ^.toin  in  two  rows  ;  siieathn  dilated;  throat  of  the  sheath 
■without  hair.  Umbel  as  in  the  succeeding  species.  Leaves  of  the 
involncrum  subulate,  one  twice  as  long  as  the  umbel,  scarcely  rough- 
ened alonj:  their  margins.  Glumes  nearly  round,  rigid,  glabrous. 
Style  fimbrl;iti\  .2  cUft,  deciduous. 

Grows  alon-^  the  maiiiins  of  salt  water.  This  has  generally  bee» 
confounded  wit!»  the  succeeding  species:  it  differs  essentially' in  its 
leaves,  and  grows  in  dense  bunches,  like  the  Juncus  elfusus.  It  form* 
a  great  part  of  our  salt  rusiies,  and  is  probably  confined  to  the  neigh- 
bourhood of  the  ocean. 

Flowers  through  the  summer.  Salt'Water  Rush. 

The  fi";ure  in  Sloan,  (vol.  1.  tab.  76.  C  2.)  represents  this  species 
remarkable  well  :  the  spikes  are  not  in  this  figure,  nor  have  they  ovtt" 
appeared  to  me,  terete  as  described  by  VaJd. 

23.  Ferrugineus. 

S.    ciiliuo    conipresso,  [      Stem  compressed,  an- 


an2;iilis  superne  scabris ;  I  2;les  near  the  summit 
foliis  concavis  ;  involucro  scabrous ;  leaves  concave, 
insequalitcr  ciliato  ;  spi-  those  of  the  involucrum 
cis  rotundato-lanceolatis.  unequally  ciliate ;  spikes 
E  lanceolate,  nearly  round. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  304.     S.  puberulus,  Mich.  1.  p.  31. 

fimoristylis  puberulum,  Vahl.  Enum.pl.  2.  p.  289.     Pursh,  1.  p.  49. 

Stem  almost  solitary,  firmly  erect,  1 — 3  feet  high,  somewhat  com- 
pressed :  angk?  near  the  summit  irregularly  rougliened.  Leaves 
erect.  I  foot  lun'j;.  3  lines  wide,  coriaceous,  concave,  with  the  margin 
cartilaginous,  scrr'ilate  :  throat  of  the  slieath  furnished  wih  a  short 
fringe;  the  leaves  sheath  each  otlier  as  if  two  rowed  (distichous). 
Umbels  compound,  3 — 7  spikes  on  eacii  branch,  one  commonly  ses- 
sile in  the  division  of  the  brandies.  Involttcriim  like  the  leaves,  the 
margins  irregularly  and  sharply  ciliate  ;  one  leaf  longer  than  the  um- 
bel, the  partial  involucruuis  shorter  than  the  small  umbel.  Glumes 
nearly  round,  coriaceous,  rigid,  with  a  sliort  point,  pubescent  and 
friniiod,  uniformly  ferruginous.  Style  2  cleft,  fimbriate,  deciduous. 
Stii;mas  plumose,  wliite".  Seed  obovate,  compressed,  acut«  at  each 
end. 

in  this  species  many  of  the  lower  glumes  are  sterile. 

Grows  along  the  margins  of  salt  water,  but  is  not  confined  to  such 
Stoils.     Louisville,  Georjria.     Mr.  Jack«on. 

Flowers  through  the  summer.  Downy-Jlowered  Scirpne". 


S5 


TRIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


Spikes  ovate-lanceo- 
late, sometimes  aciimi- 
naie  ;  umbel  compound, 
as  long  as  the  involu- 
oiim  ;  seed  longitudi* 
Jially  furrowed. 


24,  Sltlcatus.     E. 

S.  spiuis  ovato-lanceo- 
Iatis,inlerduni  acuminaiis; 
iimbella  composita  in\(i- 
lucruiu  subaequajite  ;  .se- 
mine  longitudinaliter  sui- 
cato- 

Stem  about  1  foot  lu»h.  terete,  glabrous.  Leafe&  as  long;  as  the 
stem, concave,  glabrous,  finely  serrulate.  Umbel  small,  w  th  some  of 
the  branches  occasionally  divided.  Leaves  of  the  involucrinn  verjr 
small,  subulate.  Spike>i  lonp;,  ovate-lanceolate.  Glumes  membrana- 
ceous, not  rigid,  scarcely  coloured,  sliglitly  mucronate.  Styles  deleft. 
Stigmas  sliglitly  feathered.  Seed  obovate,  compressed,  deeply  fur- 
rowed longitudinally  with  very  slight  transverse  furrows.  The 
edges  of  the  seed,  and  a  small  circle  near  the  summit,  toothed  by  tu- 
bei  cles.     Bristles  0. 

The  glumes  drop  off  as  the  seed  ripens,  leaving  the  base  of  the  rachis 
naked. 

For  my  first  knowledge  of  this  plant  I  was  indebted  to  Dr.  Baldwin, 
who  sent  me  specimens  from  Savannah.  J  have  since  found  it  near 
Charleston. 

Grows  in  damp  soils. 

Flowers  August — September.  Furroiied  Scirpns. 


"****  Stej?is  leafy. 


Stem  3  angled ;  panicle 
clustered,  leafy  ;  terminal 
irlumeb  mucronate.  lace- 
rate, 3  clt;ft. 


*  *  *  *  Cidfji  is  foliosis. 
25.  Makitimus. 
S.culmotriquetro;  pan- 
icnla  conglobata,  foliacea ; 
glumis  terminalibus  mu- 
CDuatis.  laceris,  tritidis. 
Smith,  Fl.  Biit.  I.  p.  56.- 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  306.     Mich.  1.  p.  32. 
S.  robustus,  Pursh,  1.  p.  56. 

Stem  3 — 4  feet  high,  acute,  3  angled.  Leaves  2—4  feet  long,  gla- 
brous, serrulate,  channelled.  Panicle  terminal,  clustered,  4 — 6  spikes 
setting,  2 — 3  pedunculate  ;  spikes  very  large,  ovate.  Scales  ovate, 
all  of  them  a  little  toothed  near  the  summit,  the  midrib  extending  to 
a  long  reflexed  awn,  dark  chesnut.  Filaments  3,  persistent.  &'eed 
S  angled,  obovate,  glabrous,  tapering  at  base,  and  armed  with  a  small 
point  at  the  summit,  the  remains  of  the  decaying  style. 

Grows  in  brackish  marshes.  Little  Ogechee  bridge,  7i  miles  from 
Savannah. 

flowers  May—June.  Maritime  Scirpus. 


TRI\NDRIA    MONOGTNIA. 


87 


Spikes  short  ovate,  clus- 
tered; umbel  compound; 
involucrum  lealV,  Ioni2;er 
thau  the  unihel ;  small  in- 
voluciums  veiv  short. 


2ft.    FA'M.TATrS.       PiP'sh. 

S.  splcis  hrc\i-ovatis, 
con2;cstis ;  umhella  coni- 
posita  :  invojiicro  lolioso 
uinbcllam  superautc  ;  iii- 
vohicellis  [)rcvissiniis.   E 

I'ursh,  1.  p.  56.     S  brunneus,  Muhl.  Cat. 

Stem  obtusely  3  anu;led.  Leaven  lontr,  3 — I  liiips  \v"nle,  glabrous, 
finoly  and  sharply  serrulate.  Iiwo  umtm  many  leaveil,  resembling 
tlie  leaves  of  tlie  stem.  Small  iuvolucrums  very  minute  or  wantinj;. 
(?!cales  of  the  crt/y.vrhomboidal,  keeled,  niucronate,  coloured.  Pursh.) 

Varies,  h.  vivijmrus  with  a  stem  very  tall,  somewhat  scandent  ; 
uml)ols  viviparous,  bearing;  tlowcis  at  the  l)ase  of  the  br.'uichcs.    Pursh. 

Cirows  in  shady  woods.  Ncw-Vork  to  Carolina.  The  viviparous 
variety  frequently  attains  the  lieij^ht  often  feet  and  upwards.    Tursh. 

Flowers  July — August. 


27.    NiTENS. 

S.  spicis  ovatis,  pcdi- 
cillatis;  coryml)is  siib- 
compositis,  axillaribus 
tcrmuialibusc[uc  ;  tubno 
tercti.  Vahl.  Enum.  pi. 
2.  p.  272. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  56. 

Grows  in  Viri^inia  and  Carolina. 
Flowers  July. 


«4 


Spikes  ovate,  pedicel- 
late ;  coryn»l)s  p;eiierally 
compound,  axillary  and 
terminal  ;  steni  terete. 


Pursli 


28.    LlNEATTS.       Micll. 

8.  culmo  tiiquctio,  lo- 
lioso ;  umbcllis  decom- 
posilis,  teiminalibus  late- 
ralil)iisquc,  subcrectis  ; 
spiculis  ovatis  ;  sfjuaniis 
lanceolatis,  subcaiiiuuis. 
E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  3-3.     Pursh,  1.  p.  56. 

S.  nendulusr  Muhl.  ('at. 

Tricliophoruni  lineatuni,  Pcrsoon,  1.  p.  G9. 


Stem  3  aii,2;lcd,  leafy  ; 
umbf'N  decompound,  ter- 
minal and  lateral,  some- 
what erect;  spikch;ts  o- 
\d\r:  scales  lanceolate, 
sligli  ly  keeled. 


84 


TRIANDRIA  MONOGYNIA/ 


Stem  2 — 3  feet  high,  glabrous,  3  angled,  leafy.  Leaves  rather  lon^, 
and  somewhat  lanceolate,  sliyihtlj  channelled,  with  margins  serrulate  ;. 
sheath  loose  but  closed  ;  stipules  0.  Flowers  in  axillary  umbels  ; 
c<)mnion  peduncle  much  longer  than  the  sheath,  slender,  weak* 
Glwnes  ferruginous,  pointed  by  the  green  midrib.  Stamens  3.  Style 
8  cleft.     Seeds  3  angled,  naked. 

I  can  perceive  no  dift'erence  between  this  plant  and  a  specimen  of 
the  S.  pendulus  sent  me  from  Lancaster  by  Dr.  Muhlenberg  himself. 
In  both,  even  the  umbels  are  erect.  It  is  therefore  probable  from  its 
glender  peduncles,  that  the  flowers  which  are  at  first  erect,  beconm 
pendulous  with  age. 

Grows  in  damp  soils,  pine  barrens,  &c.  Found  in  Georgia.  Bv^ 
Baldwin. 

Flovrere  June — August.  ^^y  Scirpm,. 


1^9.    DiVARICATTJS.       E. 

S.  culmo  obtuse  triqiie- 
tro ;  iimbellis  decomposi- 
tis,  divaricatis;  spicis  ova- 
libus,  pendulis.     E. 


Stem  obtusely  3  arv- 
gled  ;  umbels  decom- 
pound, divaricate ;  spikes- 
oval,  pendulous, 


Stem  erect,  3 — 4  feet  high,  glabrous.  Leaves  6 — 14  inches  long, 
-3 — 4  lines  wide,  flat,  glabrous,  with  the  margins  finely  serrulate  ; 
eheath  at  hase  short,  scarcely  one  incli  long,  closed.  Stipule  0.  t/m- 
bel  large,  decompound,  terminal ;  branches  crowded,  divaricate,  pen- 
dulous. Glumes  ovate,  acute,  slightly  keeled,  glabrous,  the  midril>- 
green,  the  sides  white.  Style  3  cleft.  Seed  acutely  3  angled,  acute 
ut  each  end. 

Grows  in  the  pine  barren  between  Bee's  Creek  and  Purysburgh, 
Flowers  May — June.  Divaricate  ScirpuSi' 


30.    POLYPHYLLUS. 

S.  Spicis  capitulisque 
Subglobosis,  glome ratis  ; 
corymbo  terminal!  ;  cul- 
mo folioso.    Valil.  Enum. 

pi.  s.  p.  ari-. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  57. 


Spikes  and  beads  near- 
ly globose,  clustered  ; 
corymb  terminal,*  stem 
leaty. 


Grows  in  shady  woods. 
Flowers  July. 


Virginia  and  Caroling 


TRIANnRI^   MONOGYNIA^ 


$'9 


31.  Srn(r.\()iin:s.      K. 

S.  culino  tii(]iH'tro ; 
piiniciilis  (k'corn|)()*itis. 
axilltiril)iis  ttMiniiinIilnis- 
qiu\  pciululis  ;  spiculis 
fascitulatis  ;  sciiii?ic  obo- 
vato,  rugoso,  setulis  ob- 
vullato.      E. 


Stem  3  anpjled  ;  pani- 
( les  (leconipomul,  axilla- 
ry and  Umii  iriiil.  peiidu- 
luiis  ^spikclcts  clustered; 
seed  obovate,  rugose, 
guarded  by  bristles. 


i 


Stem  '2 — 3  feet  liigli,  3  an^IiMl,  ^flahrous.  Leaves  linear,  sliorf. 
Panicles  alinust  naked,  the  bracteal  leavt-s  bein;^  verv  short.  fSpikelets 
OAate-lanceolate,  very  n;.mer«)U&,  noarlv  ses&ile,  clustered.  Glumes 
OMto,  mucronate,  ferruj^inmis.  Siaiiie  s  3.  Style  very  long,  S  clefU 
Sf'#'</ obovate,  compressed,  transversely  rugose,  lerruj^inous,  crowned 
^ith  a  conic,  white  tubercle,  and  surrounded  with  bristles  lonj;cr  than 
itself. 

This  species  is  somewhat  remarkable.  The  structure  of  the  flov  er 
Is  strictly  that  of  a  >cirpus  ;  the  spikes  contain  many  glumes,  each 
covering  a  seed  witli  it^.  usi:al  appendages  ;  yet  the  seed,  the  tuber- 
cle, the  surrounding  bristles  all  resemble  tl. use  of  a  Sc  cenus  :  and 
the  plant  itself  in  habit  and  appearance  would  occupy  an  intermediate 
fpace  between  the  Sen.  expan^us  ami  ciulucus. 

Found  near  bavannah  by  Dr.  Baluwiu. 

Flowers  Spiked  ScirpuSft 


DICHROMENA.     Mien. 

G/ww^  iindique  iiiibii-  I  Gluvus  imbricate  oQ 
catfe,  interiores  tantum  |  all  side.s,  tbe  interior  on- 
fe I  tiles.  Corolla  {).  iSe-  \  \y  feilile.  Corolla  0.. 
men  l,  nudum.  |  Seed  i,  naked. 

1.  Leucocephai.a.     Mich. 


D.  involucio  subtri- 
pliyllo  infernc  capitulo- 
quc  candidis.  Mich.  1. 
p.  37. 

Pursh.  1    p.  47. 

Sciipus  cephalotes,  "Wait.  p.  7K 


Involucrum  somewhat 
3  leaved,  wliitc  at  base  ; 
head  white. 


w 


TRTANDRTA   MONOGYNIA. 


Root  creeping,  perennial.  Stem  erect,  about  a  foot  high,  naked,  8 
angled.  Leaves  linear,  concave,  not  channelled,  glabrous,  shorter 
tlian  the  stem,  stieathing  its  base.  Flowera  in  a  terminal  head  com- 
posed of  many  sessile,  compressed,  small  heads  ;  of  tht*  small  heads 
6—10  of  the  inner  flowers  are  fertile.  Involucrum  6  leaved,  3  ex- 
terior lonsj,  all  similar  to  the  leaves,  white  near  the  base.  Glumes 
small,  lanceolate,  slighly  irfucronate,  nien)branous,  a  little  compress- 
ed, white.  Filaments  3.  Style  deeply  2  cleft.  Seed  obovate,  com- 
pressed, ruiiose,  crowned  with  a  triangular  tubercle. 

Grows  in  damp  soils. 

Flowers  July — October.  JVhite-headed  Dichromenai 


Involucrum  and  leaves 
ciliate  at  base ;  spikelets 
oblong  tapering. 


2.    ClLT*TA. 

1).  involucro  foliisque 
basi  ciliatis  ;  spiculis  ob- 
lonii;is,  attenuatis.  Per- 
soon,  1.  p.  58. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  47. 

Grows  in  inundated  places  in  Georgia  and  Florida.    Pursh- 
Flowers  July. 


3.  Lattfolta.     Baldwin. 


1).  iiivolucro  polyphyl- 
lo.  niajusMjlo,  foliis  albi- 
dis;  capitulis  contpressis; 
foliis  pifelongis,  culnium 
laxe  vaginaiitibus. 


Involucrnni  many  leav- 
ed, large,  with  tbe  leaves 
wbite ;  beads  compress- 
ed ;  leaves  very  long, 
loosely  sheathing  the 
stem. 


Root  horizontal,  creeping,  perennial.  Stem  commonly  9 — 18  inches 
hij;li,  terete,  jilabrous,  leafy  near  the  base.  Leaves  1 — <2  hei  long, 
glabruus,  acute,  concave,  slightl)-  marked  by  the  midrib;  sheaths  long, 
closed,  tliose,  however,  of  the  exterior  radical  leaves  split  by  age  ta 
tie  base,  and  become  open  and  flat.  Involucrum  with  about  ten 
leaves,  longer  titan  the  capitulum  ;  the  exterior  leaves  as  usual 
the  largest  i    leaves  ovate-lanceolate,  with  a  long  tapering  pointy 


TRlANOniA  MONOGYNIA. 


01 


and  exceptins;  the  point,  white.  Capitulum  coinpnse<l  of  many, 
.small, coin|)it'Hsetl  Iieails.  Glumes  ovate.  c»>mprcsse'l,  rather  acute, 
but  not  mucrouate,very  wliite.  .S  aniens  3.  The  mature  seed  1  have 
not  seen. 

For  specinifns.  and  observations  on  this  specie;*  I  am  in«lel)ted  to 
Dr.  Uakiuin,  \\\\o  found  it  in  M'lntosh  countv,  Georgia,  and  in  Fluri> 
da.  ^ 

Grows  around  the  margins  of  ponds  and  in  low  pine  barrens. 

Flowers  May — June. 

This  2;<^nus  is  ncarls  allied  to  Scirpus  ;  itn  seed  without  bristles,  its 
outer  flumes  sterile,  are  accidents  that  occur  in  many  specit-s  of  Scir* 
pus.  In  habit  principally  it  appears  to  diMer,  f(»nniii<r  always  oiiP 
terminal,  sessile  head,  by  the  agijregation  of  many  smaller  heads. 


% 


TRlCHOPHOIlUiM.     Persoon. 


Spicul^r  sul)nvatpp,  squa- 
jnis  unclique  iiubricatis. 
Seminis  sclulie  capilli- 
fornies,  (lemiiin  exsertse, 
iiumero  dclinito  sex. 

1.     CvPKItlNrM. 

T.  culino  obtuse  tri- 
quetro,  tolioso  ;  paiiicula 
snpradeconiposita,  pio- 
lifera  ;  spiculis  subteriiis. 


Persoon,  1.  p.  69. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  57. 

Kiitiphorum-cyperinum,     Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  313. 

A\  alt.  p.  71. 

Bi-.  p.  16. 

Scirpus  eriophorum,  Mich.  1.  p.  33. 


SpilMets  ovate,  imbricate 
on  all  siiles,  witli  scales. 
Bristles  of  tbe  seed  bairy, 
longer  tban  tbe  glumes, 
ti  in  number. 

Stem  obtusely  3  an- 
gled, leafy  ;  paiiicle  su- 
pradeconipound,  prolife- 
rous; s pikelets  generally 
by  tbrccs. 


Ruo^  perennial.     Stem  2 — 5  feet  hiih,  ?labrou<?.     Jj>ave<i  2 — 3  feet 
lon^r^  3 — 1  lilies  wide,  slightly  channelled,  with  the  margin  aod  mid- 


n 


TRiVNDRTA   MONOGYNTA. 


rib  scabrous  ;  sheaths  'glabrous,  closed,  half  the  length  of  the  joints^ 
stipule  only  a  membranous  margin.  Glumes  lanceolate,  acute,  entire^ 
glabrous  Stavmis  3.  Style  9.  o  3  r\eft  Vpfrf  3  an 'iled,  compressed^' 
surrounded  by  b  bristles  a  little  lunger  than  the  glumes. 

Grows  in  damp  and  boggy  soils. 
Flowers  July — November. 

This  plant  appears  to  be  sufficiently  distinct  from  Eriophorum.     It- 
has  great  affinity  to  some  of  the  leafy  stemmed    species  of  Scirpus, 
and  may  with  them  yet  constitute  a  distinct  genus.     No  character  ha? 
howevf  r  been  tound  which  will   comprehend  them  all ;  and  Michaux.. 
was  perhaps  correct  when  he  placed  this  plant  among  the  Scirpi* 


ERIOPHORUM.     Gen.  pl.  95. 


Gliimce  paleacese,  un- 
dique  imbricatse.  Corol- 
la 0.  Semen  i,lanalon- 
gissima  cinctum. 

f.    VlUGINICUIM. 

E.  culmo  tereti,  foli- 
oso  ;  foliis  planis  ;  spicis 
congestis,  subsessilibus, 
involucro  brevioribus. 
Vahl.  Enum.  pl.  2.  p.  3y 0. 


Glumes  chaffy,  imbri- 
cate on  all  sides.  CoroU 
la  0.  Seed  1,  surrounded 
with  very  long  wool. 

Stem  terete,  leafy  ;• 
leaves  flat ;  spikes  clus- 
tered, nearly  sessile, shor- 
ter than  the  involucrumr 


Sp.pl.  1.  p.  313.     Mich.  1.  p.  34.     Walt.  p.  71. 

Boot  perennial.  S'rm  3 — 4  feet  high,  glabrous.  Leaves  few,  lin- 
ear, slightly  channelled,  with  the  keel  and  margin  scabrous;  the 
sheath  at  base  closed.  Fi'^w  tk  in  an  erect  globose  head  Inv  lucrum 
with  about  three  unequal  leaves,  longer  than  the  head.  Scales  of  the 
ca'vx  ovate,  acute.  (Stamens  2.  Mich.)  Seed  compressed,  oblong, 
obovate,  pointed  with  the  persistent  style,  and  surrounded  by  hairs 
6 — 10  lines  long. 

Grows  in  bogs,  &c.  Rare  along  the  sea  coast.  Sent  from  St;j 
Stephens  by  Dr.  Macbride. 

Flowers  August — September.  Virginian  Eriophorum^' 


TRIANDRIA  MONOC.YNIA, 


y^ 


CENCHRUS.     Gin.  fl.  1574. 


IiwoJuci'um  liuiiiiatLiin, 
echi  'iitum,  3-— l  fVniim. 
CiiUfx  2- V  111  vis,  3-fl(»rus. 
Cornlla  S-vaUis,  nuitica. 
tSiijlus  hilHlus. 

i.     EcHlNATUS. 

C.  spica  obIong;a,  con- 
glom'M'uta  ;  iiivolutro 
sul)u;lob()So,  lO-partito. 
Peisoon,   1.  p.  71. 


Jitvnhicrnm  laciniate, 
ccliinatc,  3--4  flowpi-ed, 
i.nhjx  2  valvpfi,  3  fl  »w- 
ered.  Corolla  i  valvcd, 
uiiavvned.     iStyle  a  cleft. 

Spike  ol)lonj^,  cluster- 
ed ;  invohicrum  nearly 
globose,  10  parted. 


Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  317. 
Grows  in  Georgia. 


Muhl.  Cat. 


The  many  opportunities  Dr.  Muhlenberg  enjoved  of  examining 
colleitions  of  plants  from  every  part  of  the  United  States,  his  jrreat 
sa?;acity  and  profound  kn<»\vled^;e.  render  his  authority  so  great,  that 
I  shall  never  hesitate  to  re;!;ister  ainonp;'  our  own  plants  any  species 
uhich  has  the  san-  tion  of  his  name.  There  appears,  however,  to  be 
some  confusion  between  this  and  the  next  species,  whicli  I  have  not 
the  means  of  remf)vin2:.  W'ilMenow,  under  the  C.  tribuloides, rpiotes 
the  Flora  Virtrinica,  hut  under  t!ie  C  echinatiis,  he  has  placed  everj 
ijynonyme  whicli  Gronovius  has  applied  to  the  former  species. 


2.  Tribuloides. 

C.  spica  glonierata ;  in- 
voliicris  globosis,  villosis, 
niuricato-spinosis.  Sp. 
pi.  1.  p.  317. 


Spike  clustered ;  invo- 
|ucri!in  glolmse,  villous, 
armed  with  spines. 


Mich.  1.  p.  ei.—Pursh  1.  p.  60. 
Clayt.  p.  160.  No.  206. 


Root  annual.    Stem  erect,  1  foot  hi(;h,  compressed,  plabrons,  sompw 
times  branching.    Leaves  about  6  iuches  long,  acute,  chaunelled,  with 


J4) 


TRTANDRIA    MOKOGYNIA. 


the  maro-ins  finely  serrulate,  scabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  glabrous 
on  thefower;  sfieatli  open,  generally  twice  as  long  as  the  joints, 
hairy  alonj;  the  margins  anil  at  the  contracted  throat.  Rachis  angled, 
hairy,  particiilailv  at  the  angles.  luvobicriim  one  valved  ?  split  on 
the  interior  J^idc,  containing  generally  I  calyx?  sometimes  2.  Ca  yx 
2  valved,  2  flowered,  1  fertile,  the'other  sterile,!  unequal,  shorter, 
than  the  corolla  :  exterior  valve  sliorter,  gibbous  at  base,  acute,  gla- 
brou  i,  7  nerved,  concave,  not  keeled;  tlie  interior  concave,  acute,  5 
nerved.  Corolla  nf  the  herwaphrodite  fiowtr  2  valved  :  the  exierior 
valve  acute,  9  nerved,  infolding  the  interior;  interior  valve  smaller,  in- 
folding the  stamens  and  germ,  cosicave,  2  nerved,  impressed  on  the 
back  :  corolla  of  the  sterile  flower  1  valved,  conca-e,  acute,  2  nerved, 
infolding  the  stamens.  Fi7a»if«fi;  3,  transparent.  Styles  "Z?  slightly  co- 
herin'i.  Sfigman  glandular,  feathered.  Seed  oval,  covered  by  tho 
persiijtent  glumes  and  involucrum. 

Gi'/iws  in  sandy  pastures.     Most  abundant  alons:  the  sea  coast. 

ilov.-ers  July— October.  Cockspjiv  bur. 


SPARTINA.       SCHREBER. 


Flores  in  spicis  unila- 
terifloris.  Calyx  2-val- 
vis,  injequalis,  carinatus 
l-florus.  Corolla  2-val- 
vis,  insequalis. 

1.    JUNCEA. 

S.  foliis  lineaiilnis,  ple- 
rumque  convolutis;  spicis 
paucis,  alteinis,    patent! 
bus;  floribus  digynis.    E* 


Flowers  in  spikes,  ar. 
ranged  on  one  side. 
Calyx  2  valved,  unequal, 
keeled,  i  flowered.  Co- 
rolla  2  valved,  unequal. 

Leaves  linear,  common- 
ly convolute;  spikes  few, 
alternate,  expanding  ; 
flowers  with  2  styles. 


Dactylis  cynosuroides,    Walt.  p.  77. 
Trachynotia  jnncea,     Mich.  1.  p.  64. 
Limnetis  juncea,     Pursh.  1.  p.  59. 

Root  perennial,  forming  very  thick  tufts.  Stem  about  2  feet  high, 
columnar,  glabrous.  Leaves  12 — 18  inches  long,  very  acute,  on  the 
under  surface  glabrous,  on  the  upper  a  little  glaucous,  and  roughened 
along  the  elevated  nerves  ;  when  dry  convolute  ;  sheaths  longer  than 
the  joints,  glabrous,  tiliate  at  the  throat,  'spikes  3 — 4.  Flowers  in 
two  rows,  crowded  ;  the  flowers  in  fact  occupy  2  sides  of  a  depressed 
"triangular  rachis,  of  which  the  broad  base  is  naked  ;  the  summit  of  th« 


TRIANDRIA  MON06YNIA. 


95 


rachis  acute,  nakoil.  Caly.w  exterior  valve  very  small,  acute,  com- 
j)re-s<l,  sli;j;htly  miicrouate,  the  keel  serrulate;  interior  valve  3  (imeg 
as  long,  compretised,  keele;i,  imicronate  ;  tlie  keel  most  acutel  v  ner- 
riilate.  Corolla,  exterior  valve  sluirtest,  meuibranous,  coinpieMhcd, 
keeled,  eniaru;inate,  tlie  kct-l  serrulate  ;  interior  valve  as  lo'  •;  as  the 
interior  valve  ol  the  calyx,  c«im|)re>'<  m1,  but  not  keeled,  membranous, 
acute.  Fi:aim>nt!i  S,  longer  than  tlie  j^lumes.  jintltcrs  loni;,  incuni- 
bent,  2  cleft  at  base,  a  little  spiral,  styles  2.  itti.^mas  leathered. 
Heed  oblong,  compressed. 

(irows  in  u;rniind  occasionally  inundated  by  salt  water. 

Flowers  March — August.  Jtni^h-lik-p  Spartina* 

IVIiite  Hush, 


2.    POLYSTACIIYA. 

S.  loliis  lato  planis,  lon- 
gissimis;  spicis  plurimis, 
altcrnis,  pateiitlhus ;  ilo- 
ribus  iiionogyuis. 


Leaves  broad,  flat,  very 
long;  spikes  numerous, 
alteinatc,  expaiKling  ; 
flowers  with  i  slvlc. 


Traychynotia  polystachya,  Mich.  l.p.  64. 
Linmetis  pulystacliya  r    Pursh,  1.  p.  59. 

Slei»  3 — 10  feet  high,  columnar,  glabrous.  Leaven  1 — 3  feet  long, 
S — 10  lines  wide,  serrulate,  slightly  channelled,  scabrous  on  the  up- 
per surface,  glabrous  on  the  under;  eheath  much  longer  thi.n  the 
joints,  glabrous,  the  throat  hairy  ;  stipules  bearded.  Spikes  10 — 15. 
Froiu  the  preceding  it  differs  in  its  flowers,  owly  in  the  following  par 
culars— exterior  valve  of  t!ie  calyx  half  as  long  as  the  interior;  ex 
tcrior  valve  of  the  corolla  obtuse,  mucronate,  interior  scabrous  oik 
the  back,     ^tijle  2  clett  at  the  summit.     Stij^mas  featliered,  white. 

Grows  in  brackish  marslies,  sometimes  along  the  margin  of  salt  wa- 
ter.    Near  the  mouth  of  Savannah  river,  common.     Paris  Island. 

Flowers  September.  Manif-spiked  i>^nrthio. 


3.  Glabra.     Mulil.  Cat. 

S.  foliis  stricte  creclis, 
concavis ;  s[)ici5  altcrnis, 
ercctis,  appressis  ;  llori- 
bus  digynis. 

Biu'.  p.  ir. 

Dactylis  uiaritima^  Walt.  p.  77. 


Loaves  erect,  concave  • 
spikes  alternate,  erect. 
appiessed  ;  flowers  with 
2  stvles. 


96  TRIANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 

atem  2 — 4  feet  high,  columnar,  very  s,labrous,  a  litfle  succulent^ 
hollow.  Leaves  1 — 3  \^ti  long,  6 — 8  lines  wide,  acute,  very  entire, 
concave,  not  channelled,  ^.labrous  ;  sheaths  as  Ions  as  the  joints,  open, 
s'i^ihtly  ciliate  ;  stipule  membranous,  short,  lacerate.  :  pikes  5 — 8, 
aj>pressed  so  as  apparently  to  form  one  compart  spike.  Flowers  as 
in  the  precedin^j;  species.  Keels  of  the  calyx  and  corolla  ciliate 
ratnerthan  sharply  serrulate.  Corolla  shorter  than  the  calyx,  styles 
2.     Stio:mns  white,  feathered. 

Grows  in  places  overflowed  with  salt  water  at  every  tide,  forming 
exclusively  tliC  "  salt  water  marsh." 

Flowers  August — Se^-tember.  Salt  Marsh  Grass* 


No.  577,  p.  13.  of  Clayton,  appears  to  belong  to  this  species ;  his  pre- 
ceding observations  in  italics  <  ertaiidy  do.  Notv\  itiistandin;^  this  is  the 
most  common  species  of  Spartina.  and  from  its  situation  not  likely  to  be 
overlooked,  yet  Michaux  appears  to  have  cojifounded  it  with  his 
T.  polystachya,  a  very  distinct  species  :  and  except  by  Walter,  it 
seems  to  have  been  united  by  our  older  botanists  with  very  dift'erent 
plants. 

This  plant  is  greedily  eaten  by  horses  and  cattle.  It  is  remarkable, 
for  a  strong,  rancid  and  peculiar  smell,  aftecting  the  breath,  the  milk, 
butter,  and  e\en  the  flesh  of  the  cattle  that  feed  upon  it.  It  affords 
however  good  jiasturage  for  out-door  stock,  and  is  becoming  valuable 
and  valued  as  a  manure. 


ARUNDINARR. 


Calyx  S-valvis,  multi- 
florus.  Corolla  3-valvis. 
Sttjlus  brevissimus,  triti- 
dus. 


Calyx  2  valved,  many 
flowered.  Corolla  2  val- 
ved. Styles  very  sliort. 
3  cleft. 


1.  Macrosperma.     Mich. 

Mich.  1.  p.  74. 

Arundo  gigantea  and  tecta,  Walt.  p.  81. 

Root  perennial,  cespitose.  Stem  3 — 15  feet  high,  terete,  glabron^ 
hollow,  ri<,id,  branching  towards  the  summit :  the  branc)  es  disticliou&. 
Leavts  distichous,  lanceolate,  lar^e,  flat,  '^lightly  aciminate,  pubts'- 
^nt  on  the  uuder  suiface  j  sheaths  niucti  longer  thau  the  joints,  mar- 


n  I.  '    \"  ! 


/. '/  //////////s   /i/ y  y  v/u/z/j/.v 


/'i/irr/ff/  .  S'^//////y:\y/ 


Ki///r/ffi/yf  /^if/fti/f/ 


I'l  II  V'l 


/A/r/r. 


ADVERTISEMENT. 

THE  first  and  nearly  half  of  the  second  Number  of  IIim  Sketch 
had  b'  en  printed,  before  I  could  obtain  a  copy  of  Pursh's  Flora 
Jimericce  Septentrionalis.  This  work,  published  iu  London  under 
tlie  most  favorable  auspices,  has  enabled  me  to  add  to  my  own  rc« 
searches,  and  those  of  the  friends  who  have  aided  me,  all  that  has 
beea  collected  in  this  country  by  the  travellers  and  botanists  of  Eu- 
rope. ^ViHinJ;  to  avail  myself  of  the  advantages  it  aflorded  me,  and 
to  present  to  my  readers  as  comprehensive  a  view  of  our  Botany  as 
possible  ;  desirous  also,  not  to  add  to  the  confusion  of  synonymes, 
which  is  becoming  a  serious  evil  in  American  botany,  and  to  correct 
a  few  inaccuracies  which  had  been  pointed  out  to  me,  I  immediately 
reprinted  the  tirst  number  of  my  work.  In  the  second  number  the 
alterations  were  too  unimportant  to  render  this  measure  necessary. 
I  have  therefore  annexed  on  a  loose  sheet  a  few  species,  which  are  to 
be  added  to  thoso  I  have  already  described.  These  shall  again  bo 
inserted  in  the  supplement  to  this  w  .rk,  when  this  sheet  may  be  de- 
stroyed. They  are  now  prefixed,  that  persons  studying  our  botany 
may  have  at  one  view  all  that  has  yet  bcpn  published  on  the  subject 


PANICUM. 


Spikes  verticillate,  the 
branches  by  fours ;  small 
involucrum  1  flowered,  2 
awned ;  stem  diffuse. 


Verticillatttm. 

P.  spica  verticillata,  ra- 
cemulis  quatcrnis  ;  invo- 
lucellis  unifloris,  bisetis ; 
culmis  diffusis.  Sp.  pi. 
1.  p.  334. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  66. 

Pursh  remarks  that  he  has  seen  this  species  in  the  herbarium  o 
AValter. 

Grows  in  sandy  woods,  from  New-Jei*sey  to  Carolina. 
Flowers  June — July. 


Walteri.     Pursh. 
P.  spicis  alternis,  erec- 
tis,  solitariis,  simplicibus  ; 


Spikes  alternate,  erect^ 
solitary,  simple ;  glumes 


IV 


gluinis  ovatis,  iniiricato- 
hjspidis,  aristiitis ;  aiista 
altera  longissima  ;  rachi 
trigona;  vagiiiis  hispi-lis- 
simis  ;  foiiis 
Pursh,  I.  p   66. 

Probably  the  P.  Crus  Galli  var  hispidiimy  of  this  work  ;  yet 
Pursl)  refers  to  it  P.  hirtellum  of  Walter,  and  the  P.  niuricatum  of 
Micliaux — two  very  distinct  plants. 

Grows  near  the  salt  water,  fronx  Canada  to  New-York. 

jflovvers  July — September. 


glabris. 


ovate,  Piiiricat'^,  hispid, 
awiied ;  or»e  awn  very 
long  ;  rachis  3  angled  ; 
slieaths  very  hispid  ; 
leaves  glabrous. 


Pursh. 


Fuse 0-RUB ENS.     La  Marck. 


P.  racemis  linearibus, 
Tirgatis ;  ghiniis  clavatis, 
coloratis ;  pilis  sub  paiiicu- 
Ise  divisuris.  Lam.  En- 
cycL  4.  p.  737. 

Grows  in  rice  fields,  in  Georgia. 
Flowers  August. 


Racemes  linear,  vir- 
gate  ;  glumes  clavate,  co- 
loured ;  hairy  under  the 
divisions  of  the  panicle. 


Striatum.     La  Marck. 

P.  panicula  ol)longa  ; 
gluniis  nujjnsculis,  gla- 
bris, viri:!ibus,  pulchre 
striatis.  Lam.  Enc>cl.  4. 
p.  718. 

Collected  in  Carolina,  by  Mr.  Frasqr. 


Panicle  oblong;  glumes 
large,  glabrous,  green, 
handsomely  striate. 


DlFFUsUM. 

P.  panicula  simplici- 
uscula.  cajiiJIaii,  palente ; 
flosculis  vtuiotiusculis, 
acutis  ;  culmo  simplici ; 
foiiis  longis,  linearibus, 
collo  vagiiiisque  viUusis. 
fewariz,  IMod.  :2.3. 


Panicle  simple,  capil- 
lary, expanding;  florets 
remote,  acute  ;  stem  sim- 
ple ;  leaves  long,  linear, 
with  the  tjjroat  and 
sheaths  villous. 


Grow  s  in  dry  sandy  woods,  from  Virginia  to  Carolina.     Pursh. 
Flowers  July. 


NoniFLOiuM.     La  Af:irck. 


I*,  paiiiculis  rniniinLs, 
lateralihiis  tcrnjirnliluis- 
que  ;  ,2;lurnis  uvati-*,  [)ii- 
bescentil)us  ;  (bliis  an- 
giistis,  breviiisciilis,  collo 
barbatis. 

p.  rainulosum,  Mich.  1.  p.  30. 

Grows  ill  dry  fields,  from  Pennsylvania  to  Carolina. 
Flowers  July. 


P-iniclc  very  small, 
lateral  and  tenniiial ; 
'^luMics  ovate.  pul>esccnt; 
lrav{;s  narrow,  short, 
bearded  at  the  throat. 


AGROSTIS. 


P  uciFLORA.     Pursh. 

A.  panicuife  raniis  uni- 
lloris.tiliformibus;  corollis 
aristatis,  calyee  inaequali 
dii;)lo  longiori!)iis,  hirsu- 
tis;  vaginis  villosis. 


Panicle  with  brandies 
filitbrni,  one  flowered  ; 
corolla  awned,  twice  as 
long  as  the  unequal  ca- 
lyx, hirsute  ,•  sheadis 
villous. 


Pursh,    1.  p.  63. 

Stem  18  inches  hiirh,  glabrous.  Leaves  very  lonsti  linear,  villous, 
nervose  ;  sheaths  striate,  villous  :  stipules  short.  Panicle  \evy  aiin- 
ple,  nit!)  tlie  branches  lonj;,  one  tlow»Med.  Valves  of  the  caly.v  une- 
qual, villous,  with  short  awns.  Corolla  oblong:,  villous,  twice  as  long 
26  tue  interior  valve  of  the  calyx,  beaiin;^  sliort  awns.     Pursh. 

Grows  on  high  mountains,  in  Virginia  and  Carolina. 

Flowers  July. 


CiNNA. 

A.  panicula  mas^na.  de- 
bili ;  Ibliis  lato  lifiraril)us, 
glahris  ;  valvula  altera 
inlra  apieeni  sul>aristata ; 
caule  glabro.  Pui-sh,  i. 
p.  6  K 

(inna  arundinacea,  Sp.  pi.  1    p.  31. 

^V  hen  the  ;:;enus  Agnistis  was  sent  to  the  press  I  had  no  anthor'ty 
for  inserting  trds  species  amon|^  our  plants.    I  have  since  i>tcn  liiiomoil 


PiMiicle  b^ra:e.  weak  ; 
leaves  l)road,  li.i'ur,  ;>,!a- 
l)ii)us  ;  one  vaJNe  shgiit- 
ly  awned  beneath  the 
suiniiiit;    stem  glaiirou^. 


VI 


by  Dr.  Baldwin,  that  he  has  found  it  near  Savannah ;  and  I  have  re» 
ceived  specimens  of  it  from  Dr.  Boykin,  of  Milledgeville,  Georgia. 

Grows  from  Canada  to  Georgia. 

Flowers  Auo;ust.    P. 


Lateriflora.     Mich. 

A,  paniculis  lateralibus 
terminalibusque,  coarcta- 
tis  ;  floribus  nmticis  ; 
valvulis  acutissimis,  in- 
terioribus  majoribus,  ba- 
si  baibatis  ;  foliis  planis, 
brevibus.  Pursh,  i.  p. 
64.  I 

Mich.  1.  p.  53. 

Grows  along  the  edges  of  woods,  in  rich  soils,  from  New-York  to 
Florida.     Pursh. 
Flowers  June — July. 


Panicles  lateral  and 
terminal,  with  the  flowers 
appressed ;  flowers  un- 
awned;  valves  very  a- 
cute,  the  interior  longer 
and  bearded  at  base  ; 
leaves  flat,  short. 


TRTANnniA    MONOGYNIA.  ^T 

cescoiit ;  the  throat  tDiifiactiMl.  StipuU's  hiintlv.  Panich  sim|ilc, 
tiMiiiiiial,  coinj)()stMl  of  disticlious  snikos,  7 — 10  ll(»\vcre<l.  PeduucL'S 
about  an  iiuh  loni;,  pubesciMit.  Calyx  sinalior  than  the  corolla,  valvi-s 
unetjual ;  cxti'iior  valve  very  small,  sli;;htiy  ciliato.  r«/iv's  of  tiic 
corolla  unequal  :  the  exterior  larj;est,  aciiiniiiat*',  sli;;htly  inucroiiato 
and  ciliate,  scaicelv  keele<l ;  tlie  interior  acute,  rieijuently  two  clelt. 
JS'ectaries  3,  Hat,  lanceolate,  lon]L;er  than  tlie  •ijerni.  Filameuls  3, 
shorter  than  the  corolla,  ^^utliers  nearly  white.  -Sti/lf  short,  un''- 
i|uallv  3  parted.  .SVj^jhos  feathered,  white.  Seed  cylindrital,  ob- 
tuse,large,  sligl\tly  fu I  rowed. 

I  have  never  seen  the  large  variety  of  cane  (Ariindo  gigantea, 
^Valt.)  in  flower,  and  have  not  therefore  been  al»le  t(»  (Utermine 
vhether  it  is  specifically  distinct.  The  .above  description  is  taken 
from  the  small  variety  (Arundo  tecta,  Walt.)  Tiie  lar^je  cane  grows 
to  the  height  of  30 — 35  feet. 

'Hiis  pliint  is  said  to  flower  but  once  in  twenty  or  twenty-five 
years.  The  A.  tecta  however  flowered  in  1804,  again  in  1811,  and 
once  or  twice  iu  the  succeeding  4  years. 

Grows  in  rich  soils,  preferring  these  which  are  occaslonallj  inua« 
dated. 

Flowers  March — April. 


H 


dS 


TRTANDRIA   BIGYNIA. 


MUIILENBEUGIA.     Gen:  Pl:   103. 


Califx  1  valved,  min- 
ute, lateral.  Corolla  2- 
valved. 

Stem  decumbent ;  leaves 
linear;  panicle  slender, 
appressed ;  flowers  small, 
the  awn  as  long  as  the 
glumes. 


Cahfx  l-valvis,  minu- 
tus,  lateralis.  Corolla  2- 
yalvis. 

i.   Diffusa. 

M.  culmo  decumbente; 
foliis  linearibiis ;  panicula 
gracili,  appressa  ;  flori- 
bus  minutis,  arista  longi- 
tudineglumse.     E. 

Root  fibrous.  Stem  about  one  foot  Ion*,  procumbent,  ^>;eniculate, 
branclied,  a  little  compressed,  glabrous.  Leaves  3 — 4  inches  long,  2 
lines  wide,  scabrous  ;  sli-cath  open,  as  long  as  the  joints ;  throat  contract- 
ed and  hairy.  Panicle  composed  of  alternate,  appressed  racemes,  very 
slender;  peduncles  very  short.  Calijx  2  valved,  unequal,  acumi- 
jiati.',  resembling  scales,  seeming  rather  as  an  involucrum  to  protect 
the  base  of  the  corolla  than  to  form  a  part  of  the  flower;  not  falling 
with  the  seed.  Corolla^  valves  unequal,  hairy  at  base  ;  the  exterior 
lanceolate,  3  nerved,  nerves  serrulate,  tapering  to  a  long  scabrous 
ftivn  ;  interior  valve  similar  but  awnless.  Filaments  three.  Jinthers 
yellow.     Styles  two,  short.     Stigmas  feathered,  purple. 

Grows  in  damp  soils.     Prince  Williams. 

Flowers  August — October.  Spreading  Muhlenbergia.. 


S.Erecta.  Muhl.Cat. 

M.  culmo  erecto ;  foliis 

knceolatis ;  racemo  ter- 

minali ;  floiiinis  majuscu- 

valvis    duplo 

E. 


Stem  erect  ;  leaves  lance- 
olate; racemes  terminal; 
flovvers  large,  the  awn 
twice  as  long  as  the 
glumes. 


lis,    arista 
longiore. 

Dilepyrum  aristosum  ^    Mich.  1.  p.  40. 

Stem  erect,  slightly  scabrous.  Leaves  3—4  inches  long,  6 — 7  lines 
wide,  verv  acute,  scabrous,  (pubescent,  Mich.) ;  sheath  open,  shorter 
than  the  joints,  hairy  at  the  throat  ;  stipule  membranous.  Flowers 
(in  my  specimens)  in  a  simple  raceme.  Calif.v  2  valved,  1  very  min- 
ute, the  interior  tapering,  very  acute,  2 — 3  lines  long.  Corolla,  ex- 
tci-jor  valve  lance:)late,  many  nerved,  concave,  scabrous,  terminating 
in  a  long  awn  ;  interior  awnless. 

Grows  in  s'uady  wood    in  Carolina  and  Georgia.     Mich. 

My  specimens' are  from  Fennsyl.  Erect  Muhlenbergia, 


XlilANDRlA    DIGYNIA. 


99 


TRICIIODIUM.     Mkh. 


CaJii.v  2.val\  is.  .Tqiialis. 
Cnvolld  I-  vahis.  f loirs 
ill  puDiculis  <.aj)illaiil)us. 

i.  LvxiFLORLM.  Mich. 

T.  (dlino  crccto  ;  luliis 
vai;iiii;-(|ii('  s(,'al)ris  ;  pan- 
icula  ditl'iisa,  trichotomc 
ramosa; floiibus  lascicula- 
tis  tcnninalibus.     E. 


CiIifA'f*  valvcd,  equal. 
Coi'olla  1  valvcd.  Flow- 
ers in  tupiilarv  panicles. 

St(Mii  erect :  leaves  and 
sli(Mth  sca!)!'()us  :  panicle 
difl'uscd.witli  the  hi-.mches 
triuhotomous  ;  llowcrs 
t'asticulute,  terminal. 


A'ich.  1.  p.  4,2. 
Cor:-uco])ia  livomalis. 


AValt. 


Hoof  perennial.  Stpui  1 — r>  feet  Iii;;h,  coliiinnnr,  'iilabrous  near  llie 
base,  sometimes  KOiiieulale.  Leaves  1 — 3  inches  Ion.-;,  1  line  wide; 
siieatlis  shorter  tliaa  the  joints  ;  stipules  short,  meuibranous,  la- 
cerate. Floicers  3 — 10,  cludtereil  near  the  summit  of  eacli  branch  ; 
branches  1 — 10  inches  lon-j;,  serrulate  alon"  tlie  angles,  «lestitute  of 
hair  even  in  tlie  axils.  Califx^  valves  lanceolate,  cojispressed,  very 
acute,  serrulate  alonj?  the  keel,  somewhat  ciliaie  alon:x  uc  inary;ins  ; 
the  exterior  a  little  shorter.  Corolla,  valve  shorter  (!,:i:i  lie  calvx, 
concave  somewliat  acute  :  the  maigins  pubescent.  JlnUictti  vcllowish. 
iiiis:titns  white. 

Grows  in  close  soils.  In  dry  irround  it  scarcely  exceeds  a  foot  in 
iieiuht.  in  swamps  it  grows  2 — 3  feet,  with  the  panicle  sometimes  2 
feet  lon». 

Flouers  March — May.  iyjring  2'richodiunu, 


2.  Perennans.    Walt. 

T.  culmodecuiuheiile; 
panicida  subditt*usa.  rands 
veitieillatis,  triciioioniis- 
que ;  fluribus  raccnio.sis. 
E. 


Stem  decund)cnt :  pan- 
icle somewhat  dilluse  ; 
branches,  vertieilhite  and 
trichotomous  ;  llowers 
racemose. 


Cornucopia  perennans.     ^^*aU.  p.  7-1. 
'Jrichodiuni  decumbens.     Mich.  1.  p.  73. 
At;rostis  aiiomala.     Sp  :  pi  :  1.  p.  70. 

Root  creeping,  perennial.  Stnn  decumbent,  ^cnera'ly  abmit  1  foot 
high,  sometimes  2,  slender,  columnar,  uilabrous.  fences  2 — 6  inci.es 
lons^.  1 — 3  lines  wide,  slightly  scabrous  ;  sheaf  s  longer  4'\an  tne  joii.ts, 
glabrous  :  stipules  membranous.  Vau'ide  slender,  dilTuse,  but  less  so 
than  in  the  preceding  species,  and  the  lit-    jrs  less  clustered  at  tho 


100 


TRIANDRIA    DICYNIA. 


summits.  Cali/x  2  valved,  nearly  equal,  very  acute,  acuminate,  coiri ' 
pressed,  the  keel  serrulate.  Corolla  1  valved,  shorter  than  the  calyx, 
rather  acute.     Anthers  white.     •SfyZes  short.     Stigmas  white. 

T'liis  is  a  fine  delicate  winter  grass,  but  never  appears  to  grow  vig- 
orously enough  for  the  scythe,  nor  will  it  bear,  except  in  shaded  or 
damp  soils,  tl;e  heat  of  summer. 

Grows  in  damp  shaded  places. 

Flowers  September — December.-  Perennial  Trichodiinnft 


LEERSIA.     Gen.  pl.    105. 


Calyx  0.  Corolla  2- 
valvis,  clausa. 

1.    ViRGINICA. 

L.  panicuia  laxa,  par- 
vula,  raniulis  sparsis  ;  flo- 
ribus  appressis,  monan- 
dris,  scabris;  glumis  cari- 
na parce  ciliatis.     E. 


Corolla  S 


Sp  :  pl :  p.  325. 


Calyx  0. 
valved,  closed. 


Panicle  loose,  with  scat- 
tered branches,  small ; 
flowers  appressed ;  mo- 
nandrous,  scabrous  ;  the 
keel  of  the  glumes  spar- 
ingly ciliate. 


Hoot  fibrous,  perennial.  Stem  erect  and  decumbent,  compressed, 
sparingly  branched,  £ — 3  feet  high,  hairy  at  the  joints.  Leaves 
linear-lanceolate,  acute,  scabrous;  sheath  compressed,  withthe  angles 
arute,  very  scabrous,  shorter  than  the  joints :  stipule  membranous, 
not  hairy.  Panicle  terminal,  composed  of  a  few  racemes  with  the 
flowers  on  one  side ;  flowers  caducous.  Corolla,  valves  equal ;  the 
exterior  compressed,  boat  shaped,  mucronate,  5  nerved,  nerves  and 
keel  ciliate,  and  the  glume  also  scabrous  ;  the  interior  linear-lanceo- 
late, with  the  keel  straight,  slightly  ciliate :  the  flowers  so  closely  ap- 
pressed as  generally  to  bend  round  the  common  peduncle.  Filament 
1  ?  longer  than  the"  corolla.  Styles  two.  Stigma  feathered,  white, 
^eed  oblong. 

Grows  in  damp  soils. 

Flowers  August — September.  Virginian  Leersia: 


S.  Lenticular!  s  ?  JMich. 

L  paiiicula  erecta;  flo- 

ribus   majusculis,  subor- 

biculatis,  diandris,  imbri- 


Catis,    carina, 
ciliatis.     E, 


nervisque 


Panicle  erect ;  flowers 
large,  nearly  orbicular,  di- 
androus,  imbricate,  with 
the  keel  and  nerves  cili- 
ate* 


TRIANDIUA  DIGYNIA. 


101 


Root  pcrt'nnlal.  Stem  ort'ct,  '^ — I  foot  l<i«rli,  to4*cte.  smooth  excopt- 
"injj;  at  tlio  jtiiiits,  Lfaves  suinowhat  Ljiieoolalo,  scabroMs  aloii::  the 
niarsiiiis,  and  on  tlio  iiiidor  suilaco.  nearly  smooth  above ;  sl-.eat'is  a 
little  slioitor  than  tho  joints,  hi^pitj.w  itii  tlio  hairs  rotrorso.  Hraiichcs 
<»l  the  imtiicle  nearly  erort.  The  fn>u-ers  nmch  larger  than  in  tiie 
othqr  s])ocio>,  closely  imbricate,  sprinklod  willishoit  still"  hairs,  and 
Iriniroil  ahmi;  every  nerve;  the  valves  so  broad  as  to  form  a  flv)v  er 
nearly  orbicular.  Stamens  '2.  (in  cvoiy  llower  that  1  have  examiiiPil) 
shorter  than  the  calyx,  Sti/lea  shorter  than  the  calvx.  itt'f-mus 
white,  feathered.     Sectaries  •■2,  «)val  r  laru^er  than  th,e  v.erm. 

(irous  in  Cankden  county,  near  the  Satilla  river.     Dr.  Baldwin. 

Flowers  Jinund-Jluu-i'n'd  Leersia. 


3.  Oryzoides  ? 

L.  puniciila  cflusa.ona- 
jiLSCiila;  tiorihus  Iriarulris, 
scabris,  patulis  ;  jj!;linnis 
carina  conspiciic  ciliatis. 
E. 


Panicle  cflTiised,  lar^je ; 
llowoi's  triandro'is,  stu- 
hruiis,  cxpaiuliiig;  ji;hinics 
Willi  the  keel  conspieu- 
oiitjly  ciliate. 


Sp :  pi  : 
Mich.  1. 


1.  p.  3i25. 
p.  39. 


A  plant  in  all  respects  lar2;or  than  the  1..  Vir^inica.  Stem 
3 — I  feet  hi'^li.  In  this  the  panicle  is  large  and  every  \\ay  diffused, 
\\'\t\\  the  branches  sonu'times  pendulous.  Fluicers  nearly  sessile  on 
the  common  peduncle,  imbricate,  aj)pressed  to  each  other  not  a;:;ainst 
the  stem  ;  the  keel  of  oarh  valve  conspicuously  c  liate.  The  V'iijrinica 
appeared  to  me  always  monandrous,  t!iis  manifestly  iriandrons. 
styles  in  both  species  shorter  than  the  corolla,  projecting  at  the  sides. 
Leaves  very  scabrous. 

(Jrows  in  tiie  river  swamps  at  Ogechee.     Near  Charleston. 

Flowers  October— iS'ovcmbcr.  Spreading-fioivered  Leersia, 


PHALARIS.     Gen.    pl.    106. 


Cali/i-  2-valvis,  carina- 
(iis,  longitudine  a'qiialis, 
corollani  includens. 

1.   A.MKint  ANA.        E. 

p.  panicula  oblonj^a, 
spiciformi  j   glumis  caly- 


Ctiljix  2  valved,  keeled, 
equal  in  length,  enclosing 
the  corolla. 

Panicle  ohlonsr,  resem- 
bling a  spike  ,•  glumes  of 


<03 


TRIANDRI.V    DIGYNIA. 


cinis  naviculanbiij,  ser- 
TiJ-atis :  (toroHu  quatlri- 
valvi,  viilvulis  exterioii- 
bus  linearibiis.interiorihus 
if'iequalibus,  omnibus  pi- 
losis     E. 


the  calyx  boat-shaped, 
serrulate  ;  corolla  4  valv- 
ed,  exterior  valves  linear, 
interior  unequal,  all  hairy. 


p.  arundinacea.     Mich.  1.  p.  43.     Mulil.  Cat.  p.  8. 

Root  annual  ?  Stem  erect,  a  little  geniculate  at  base,  columnar, 
blanching-,  slightly  scabious  near  the  summit.  Leaves  linear-lanceo- 
late, i^li^htly  keeled,  glabrous  ;  sheath  open,  much  shorter  than  the 
joints;  stipule  membranous.  (^'«/^.r,  valves  compressed,  very  acute, 
the  keel  serrulate  and  a  little  winged  near  the  summit;  the  exterior 
\alve  a  little  shorter  than  the  interior.  Corolla,  the  2  accessory 
valves  minute,  glandular  at  base :  of  the"  interior  valves,  the  exterior 
is  ovate,  acuminate,  slightly  compressed,  half  as  long  as  the  calyx, 
but  twice  as  long  as  the  interior.  Sectaries  9  scales  ?  ovate -lanceo- 
late, acute,  longer  than  the  germ.  Filavient<i  5.  Anthers  dark  pur- 
ple. Stifle  1  ?  cleft  almost  to  the  base.  Sti^mag  feathered,  white. 
Sepd  obloiig. 

This  platit  appears  to  be  worth  cultivating  as  a  spring  grass. 

Grows  in  river  swamps,  in  situations  not  frequently  inundated. 
OjiPchee.    Pon  Pon.     I  have  seen  it  on  James  Island  in  a  dry  soil. 

Flowers  April.  Jimerican  Fhalarts. 


AULAXANTHUS.     E. 


riorrs  paniculati.  Ca- 
h'T  2  valvis,  l-florus  ; 
\>a5vis  pequalil)us,  sulcatis. 
C^pidla    S-valvis,    subje- 

qUrtiir>. 

4.    CiLIATUS.       E. 

A.  culmo  erecto  ;  foliis 
I'^.eai'ibus,  ciliatis ;  pani- 
cula  graciii,  stricta.     E. 


Flo-wers  in  panicles. 
Cahjx  2  valved,  1  flow- 
ered ;  valves  equal,  fur- 
rowed. Corolla  2  valv- 
ed, valves  nearly  equal. 

Stem  erect ;  leaves  li- 
near, cilia te ;  panicle  slen- 
der, appressed. 


Phalaris  villosa  ?     Mich.  1.  p.  43. 

Root  fibrous,  perennial }  Stem  S  feet  high,  glabrous,  near  the  roof 
somewhat  compressed,  above  columnar,  naked.  Leaves  linear,  not 
channelled,  glabrous,  ciliate  ;  sheath  contracted  and  ciliate,with  very 
short  httir  at  the  throat ;  lower  leaves  6 — 8  inches  long,  the  upper 


TRIVNDRT.V    DIGYNIA. 


103 


i^iminisliing;  to  a  '^ralc,  but  wifli  Ions;  slu-a^'is.  Calyx,  slumcs  eqiin!, 
liiiKfolate,  fOJicavc,  tuaikod  with  '»  t-Iovati'il  nerves,  ami  .5  l<Mit;itii(li- 
iial,  vill()\is  ruirows:  liair  \viuti>.|i.  Corr.Ua  2  valvcil,a  little  une(|iiai, 
t'\torini*  concave,  acute,  as  loii'^  a'*  t!ie  calyx  :  the  interior  flat,  just 
•vnbraced  hv  llu*  n>ari;iii  of  the  o\(erior  valve,  both  brown,  when  nia- 
Liin"  black  :  at  the  back  of  t!ic  interior  valve  occurs  a  neutral  floret 
1  valveil,  ovate,  '2  cleft,  ^reen.  FUumciita  .>.  »iiitlters  tawnv.  Stifles 
'i,  lon;j;er  tlian  tlie  corolla.  ^/<_^-i»i«s  feathered,  w  hite.  Seed  ubuvale^ 
nearly  round,  tjlalirou-;. 

(irows  in  dry  piru*  barrens. 

Flowers  September — October.  Fringtd  ^lula.vantlms. 


2.  IUfus.     E. 

A.  culino  erecto  ;  foliis 
glahcrrimis:  panicuhi  nui- 
juscula.  sul)aj)j)ressa;  vil- 
lis  calvcis  rulis.     E. 


Stem  erect  ;  leaves 
very  glabrous  ;  panicle 
large,  slightly  appiessed ; 
iiairortlie  calvx  rufous. 


This  species  diflfers  from  the  precedin;;  very  much  in  si/.e ;  it  is 
every  way  larger.  The  leaves  are  destitute  of  hair,  except  at  the 
throat :  and  tlie  rufous  hair  on  the  calyx  is  so  long  as  to  cause  the 
flower  to  resemble  a  ball  of  hair.  It  niav  be  merely  a  variety  pro- 
ducet!  by  a  difl'erence  of  soil  ;  but  as  I  had  not  a  favourable  opportu- 
nity of  examinini;  it,  I  insert  it  here  for  future  observation. 

Grows  in  savannas,  and  damp  soils  in  the  pine  barrens,  midway 
between  Saltcatcher  bri^l^e  and  .Slurphy's.  on  the  F'disto, 

Flowers  August — Septeutber.         llufuus-finwered  %iidaxanihus. 

Tins  jjenus  is  nearly  allied  to  Panicum  :  but  its  furrowed  calvv  and 
tlie  absence  of  an  accessory  valve  suiraleiitly  distin.;uish  it.  It  ap- 
pears to  be  separated  from  Phalaris  bo(l»  by  structure  and  habit.  To 
tlie  Paspalum  it  bears  some  aflinity  in  the  structure  of  the  flowers,  but 
is  very  distinct  in  habit. 


MILIUM.     Gex.  PL.   110. 


CahiT  S-valvis,  uniflo- 
rus  ;  valvnlis  sul){rf|uali- 
l)us.  Corulhi  l)revissiina. 
Sligmala  pcnicillii'ormia. 


Cal/fx  3  valvcd,  one 
flowerrd ;  with  the  valves 
uiicc[ual.  Corolla  very 
.«hort. 
ed. 


Stigmas  feather- 


101 


TRIANDRIA    DIGYNIA*. 


1.  Paspalodes. 

U.  culmo  repente,  as- 
ccnJentoque  ;  foliis  apice 
coiUractis  ;  spius  con- 
jiigatis  ;  floribus  alternis  ; 
glumis  ovato-lanceolaiis. 
E. 


Stem  creeping  and  as- 
cending; leaves  contract- 
ed near  the  smninit  ; 
spikes  conjugate;  flowers 
alternate ;  glumes  ovate- 
lanceolate. 


M.  distichiini.     Muhl.  Cat. 

Digitaria  paspalodes.     Mich.  1.  p.  46. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  creeping  and  ascending,  compressed,  gla- 
brous. Leaves  3 — 6  inches  long,  4  lines  broad,  obtuse,  ciliate,  gla- 
brou!*,  about  half  an  inch  from  the  summit  contracted,  and  feeling  as 
if  crossed  by  a  rib  or  nerve,  yellowish  green.  Spikea  conjugate.  Flow- 
era  alternate,  one  from  each  bud,  somewhat  distichous.  Cabjx,  glumes 
eqnal,  ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  glabrous.  Corolla,  glumes  equalj 
ovate,  shorter  t!>aii  the  calyx,  generally  about  half  its  length.  Jlnthers 
dark  purple.     »S7i.2;HJrt.s  similar,  feathered.     <S'ee</ compressed,  ovate. 

This  plant  is  an  intermediate  species  between  the  Milium  and  Pas- 
palum.  From  its  acute  calyx  and  abbreviated  corolla,  it  has  been 
placed  in  this  ijenus  ;  yet  to  the  corolla  the  Linnean  phrase  "  brevis- 
sima'-  can  by  no  means  apply. 

Grows  in  close  soils,  on  Charleston  neck.  Beaufort.  Very  com* 
nion      I  have  never  seen  it  far  from  salt  water. 

Flowers  June — September.  Twin-spiked  Milium. 


PASPALUM.     Gen.  Pl.  107. 


Mores  in  spicis  uni- 
laterifloiis.  Calyx  2- 
valvis,  orbiculatus.  Co- 
rolla 2-valvis,  ejusdem 
magnitudinis. 

i,  Setvceum.    Mich. 

P.  culmo  erecto  ;  foliis 
vaginisqiie  villosis ;  spicis 
plerunique  solitariis  ;  flo- 
ribus  biseriatis. 


Flowers  in  spikes,  ar- 
ranged  on  one  side.  Ca- 
hix  %  valved,  orbicular. 
Corolla  %  valved,  equal  in 
size. 

Stem  erect ;  leaves  and 
sheaths  villous ;  spikes 
generally  solitary  ;  flow- 
ers in  2  rows. 


Mich.  1.  p.  43. 

"Root  fibrous,  perennial.    Stem  columnar,  slender,  glabrous.    Leaves 
Jiarrow,  acute,  keeled ;  the  upper  joint  of  the  stem  -which  supports 


#  TRIANDUIA    DTGYXIA. 


105 


thp  spikes  very  lone; ;  spikes  soinptiim»s  axillary.  Calyx,  j^lumcs 
rtjual,  one  flat,  the  other  convex,  l)(ttli  .l  or  5  neixed,  pubcment  wiieii 
viewed  uith  a  lens.  Corolla  similar,  but  i;lahi-ous.  Filaments  i, 
^iufhers  purple.     Styles  '2.     Stin^maa  fealheri'il,  simple. 

<iro«s  in  ilry  soil-i.     Coinmua  aroiiud  Beaufort. 

rio\v«'rs  June — August.  Sltnder  Paspnluit^ 


2.  Di:niLE.     Mich. 

V.  culino  (lcl)ili ;  loliis 
et  caule  ?  pilosis  ;  spica 
pleninique  uiiica,  tcniii  : 
iloribus  idtcniis  uiiiseiia- 
tis. 

Mich.  1.  p.  44. 

1*.  dissfctum  .^  Walt.  p.  75. 

Stem  setaceous  near  the  summit 
jrachis,  obovate,  pubescent  wlien  viewed  uitli  a  lens. 
This  is  an  obscure  species  to  me. 
Grows  along  the  sea  coast  oi' Carolina  and  Geor'j;ia.     Mich. 

lytak-atalkcd  FaspalunH. 


Stem  weak ;  loaves  and 
slein.Miairv ;  spike  gen- 
erally ()no,sleri(ler;  flow- 
ers allenialc  one  luwctU 


Flowers,  1  from  each  bud  of  the 
Mich. 


Stem  decumbent ;  leaves 
nearly  pilabrous,  hand- 
somely ciliate ;  spike  gen- 
erally 1  ;  [lowers  large, 
3  rowed. 


3.  CiLiATiFOi.iuM.  Mich. 
P.  ciilmo  (iecumhente  ; 
foliis  subglabris,  pulciire 
ciliatis  :  spica  plcrumquc 
unica  ;  lioribus  magnis, 
quasi  triseriatis. 

Mich.  1.  p.  44. 

stem  somewhat  decumbent,  sli;;htly  compressed,  glabrous.  Leavef; 
wide,  glabrous,  sometimes  sprinklcel  with  hair,  keeled,  the  margin 
frLMpiently  purple;  sheaths  glabrous,  open,  the  margins  not  ciliate.. 
Hjiik'es  as  in  the  preceding  species,  flowers  larger  ami  crowded,  so  as 
to  form  3  rows.  Calyx,  glumes  pubescent  under  a  lens.  Filaments  3. 
.Anthers  purple.     Stizmas  featlierod,  purjjlc. 

Grows  in  dry  cultivated  ground.     Very  common. 

Flowers  May — Septendjcr.  Fringed  Paspalumt, 


4.  Dasyphvt.lt'M.    E. 

V.  culino  dccuml)cnte, 
glabro ;  foliis  vaginisquc 
hirsutissimis  ;  spicis  pau- 
cis  (2 — 3),patentibus,  llo- 
ribus  triseriatis.     E. 

N 


Stem  decumbent,  gla- 
brous ;  leaves  and  sheaths 
very  hairy ;  spikes  few 
(2 — 3),  expanding ;  flow- 
ers in  three  rows. 


106 


TRlANDRlA    BTGYNIA. 


Stem  12 — 18  inches  hi^h,  glabrous,  sometimes  branched,  decum- 
bent, /^catvs  broad,  nearly  strap-shaped,  getterally  acute,  and  with 
the  sheath  very  hairy*  sheaths  shorter  than  the  joints.  Spikes  2 — 3, 
alternate,  expandinj; ;  flowers,  2  at  each  bud,  both  nearly  sessile. 
Calyx  3  nerved,  sli>;!itly  pubescent,  oval,  but  so  wide  as  to  be  nearly 
round.     Stigmas  feathered,  dark  purple. 

This  species  is  very  common  in  cultivated  ground.  It  appears  to 
have  been  confounded  with  the  preceding,  to  which  it  has  but 
little  resemblance.  In  the  P.  ciliatifolium,  the  leaves  are  slightly 
pubescent,  sometimes  glabrous,  but  always  beautifully  fringed  ;  in  this, 
tlie  margin  is  •  nly  hairy  in  common  with  the  surface  of  the  leaf.  In 
tlie  former,  the  naked  slender  summit  of  the  stem  frequently  extends 
12 — 18  inches,  bearing  a  solitary  terminal  spike;  and  sometimes 
there  are  2  or  3  peduncles  fif  so  tiiey  may  be  called)  from  a  sheath; 
in  this,  the  summit  is  not  extended,  and  bears  2  or  3  expanding 
spikes. 

Flowers  July — October.  Hairy-leaved  Paspalum, 


5.  pRjECox.  Walt 
P.  ciilmo  erecto  ;  foliis 
lanceolato-linearibus,  gla- 
bris  ;  spicis  plurimis,  al- 
ternis ;  rachi  angiista.  hasi 
pilosa ;  floribus  triseriatis. 


Stem  erect ;  leaves  lan- 
ceolate-linear, glabrous  ; 
spikes  many,  alternate ; 
rachis  nan-ow,  hairy  at 
base ;  flowers  in  3  rows. 


Walt.  p.  75. 
W\c\\.  1.  p.  44. 

Stem  erect,  glabrous.  Leaves  long,  almost  linear,  glabrous ;  sheath^ 
glabrous,  the  throat  not  hairy ;  stipule  membranous.  Spikes  3 — 5  } 
flowers  crowded,  2  from  each  bud,  one  sessile.  Rachis  linear^ 
straight,  surrounded  at  base  with  long  hair.  Glumes  orbicular,  very 
smooth.     Anthers  saftron  colour.     Stigmas  dark  purple. 

Grows  in  damp  soils,  ditches,  &c. 

Flowers  May — August.  Early  PaspaliifiP. 


6.  LiEVE.     Mich. 

P.  culino  erecto  ;  foliis 
brevibus,glaberrimis;  spi- 
cis alternis ;  floribus  bise- 
riatis,  glabris,  majusculis. 

Mich.  I.  p.  44. 

Stem  erect,  1 — 2  feet  high,  glabrous.     Leaves  narrow,  lanceolate,. 
*ather  short,  soujewhat  glaucous,  very  smooth,  contracted  and  hairy 


Stem  erect  ;  leaves 
shoit,  very  glabrous  ; 
spikes  alteri'ate  ;  flowers 
2  rowed,  glabrous,  large. 


TRIANDRIA    DIOYNlA. 


407 


lit  the  throat :  stipule  iupmbraii(Mi>;.  Sj/ili-es  about  5  ;  flowers,  one  from 
eaci)  bud,  laii^e,  smuuth,  uibiculur;  racbis  linear,  lloxuuua,  a  liltltt 
hairy  at  baM>. 

(irows  ii>  (lamp  pastures.     Pari!*  Uland. 

Flowers  June — isepteniber. 

I  insert  this  species  froin  Michaux.  I  have  latterly  doubted  whethev 
tlie  ilant  I  found  on  Paris  Island  can  be  considered  mure  than  a  ^jla- 
brous  variety  of  the  P.  Huridanum. 

7.  Floridanum.  Midi. 

P.  culnio  erecto  ;  fojiis 
inferioribus  villosissimis. 
supciionljus  scabris,  pilo- 
sis, longe  vaginaiUibiis  ; 
spicis  paucis  :  tloribus  bi- 
seriatis,  glabiis,  majiiscu- 
lis.     E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  44. 

Stem  erect,  columnar,  smooth,  3 — 4  feet  hi^h.  Leaves  lonjj,  the 
lower  very  hairy,  and  scabrous,  the  uppwr  ones  beconiinjr  nearly 
suiooth  ;  sheaths  similar ;  tlie  tbn)at  villous;  stipule  membranous. 
Sfjikes  almost  unifonnly  ;>.  Jiachis  linear,  flexuous,  hairy  at  base. 
Flowers,  1  sometimes  2  from  each  bud,  large,  smooth.  Stigmas  pur- 
ple. 

Grows  in  drv  <;oils.    Sometimes  occurs  in  damp  ground.    Common. 

Flowers  June — September.  Florida  Fasj)alum, 


Stem  erect  ;  lower 
leaves  very  villous,  upper 
scabrous,  hairy  ;  sheatiis 
\cvy  long  ;  spikes  few  ; 
flowers  in  2  rows 
brous,  large. 


§li^ 


8.  Pltcatulfm.  Mich. 

P.  culnio  erecto  ;  Tohis 
angustis,  longis  ;  spicis 
pluril)us ;  lloribus  triseri- 
atis  ;  valvula  plana  juxta 
margines  tranverse  pli- 
cata.  I 

Mich.  I.  p.  45. 

PUint  very  j;Iabrous.    Spikes  alternate,  erect.    G/Mm«s  short.  ©vatC;, 
somewhat  rufous,  {jlabrous.     Mi«h. 
I  have  not  seen  tliis  species. 
iarowb  Id  Georgia  and  Florida.    Mich.* 


Stem  erect ;  leaves  nar- 
row, long;  spikes  many ; 
flowei-s  in  3  rows  ;  the 
flat  valve  transversely 
plaited  near  the  margins. 


108 


TRIANDIIIA    IJIGYNIA. 


Stem  somewhat  erect; 
leaves  long,  purplish, 
hairy  at  tlie  throat ;  spikes 
numerous,Yilious  at  ijascf 
llowers  in  4  rows. 


9.    PlJRPURASCENS.     E. 

p.  ciihiio  siiberecto  : 
oliis  prselongis,  pui'pii- 
rascentibus,  ad  laiicem 
pilosis  ;  spicis  pliirimis, 
basi  pilosis  ;  floribus 
quadriseriatis.     E. 

R.  virgatura,     Walt.  p.  75, 

Stem  decumbent  and  ascendinj!;?  terete,  glabrous,  branching,  2  Teet 
high.  Leaves  very  long,  12 — 18  inches,  5 — 6  lines  wide,  scabrous 
along  the  margins,  hairy  near  the  base,  remarkable  lor  their  dark  pur- 
ple hue,  which  extends  also  to  tlic  lower  part  of  the  stem.  Spikes 
6 — 12.  Floivers  2  from  each  bud,  crowded.  Had. is  rather  wide, 
straiglit,  hairy  at  base.  Jlnthevs  safiVon  colour.  i>tig-inas  dark  pur- 
ple,    iieed  nearly  black. 

This  plant  resembles  much  Sloan's  figure,  Kist.  Jam.  1.  p.  113' 
t.  69.  f.  1.  But  as  the  exterior  valve  of  the  calyx  is  neither  short  nor 
hairy,  it  nwst  be  considered  a  distinct  species  from  the  P.  virgatuni. 
J-iin. 

Grows  in  most  soils.     Common. 

Flowers  July — October.  Purple  Paspaliim.- 


Stem  creeping  ;  leaves 
short,  somewhat  glau- 
cous, shining;  spikes  2, 
one  sitting  ;  glumes  lan- 
ceolate. 


10.  DiSTICHUM. 

P.  culmo  repente  ;  fb- 
liis  brevibus.  gh^ucescen- 
tibus,  nitidis  ;  spicis  dua- 
bus,  altera  sessili ;  glumis 
lanceolatis.     E. 

Sp.  pi.  p.  33^2. 
Walt.  p.  75. 

Boot  perennial.  Stem  prostrate,  geniculate,  branching,  throwing 
out  roots  at  the  joints,  slightly  compressed,  glabrous  ;  the  flower- 
bearing  stems  assuigent,  about  1  foot  high.  Leaves  2  inches  long, 
acute,  son^ewhat  glaucous,  shining, sprinkled  with  a  few  hairs;  sheath 
open,  the  margins  and  throat  hairy.  Spikes  2,  sometimes  4.  Floicers 
alternate,  2  rowed.  Glumes  exactly  lanceolate.  Anthers  dark  pur- 
ple.    iitig:mas  feathered,  dark  purple. 

The  leaves  in  our  plant  are  never  involute. 

Grows  in  wet  and  damp  soils.  'l"o  rice  planters  too  well  knowM 
under  the  name  of  joint-grass. 

Flowers  through  the  whole  summer.  Creeping  Paspalumt   . 

Joinc-gras9* 


TUIANDUIA    D1G\NIA» 


400 


crcepiiis;, 


Very    glal)rous ;   stem 
branching;  ; 
leaves  linear;  spikes  s;en- 

erally  two,  teiniinal, 
sheathed  hv  a  terminal 
leaf.  '     . 


i  I.    \  AGINATI'M.       E. 

V.  glabcrnmum  ;  cul- 
iiu)  repenle,  rainoso  ;  fo- 
liis  lineanl)ijs ;  spieis  ple- 
i"um(;u(!  hiiiis,  tenninali- 
hiis.  folio  terniiiiali  vagi- 
r.atis.     E. 

Sti-m  1'2 — 18  iuclies  loti'jr,  sli^jhtly  compressed,  much  branched  near 
the  auniniit.  lA'iivrs  linear,  .short  (I — !2  inches),  acute;  the  sheaths  of 
tlie  upptM-  leaves  lonj;er  than  i\ie  joints,  and  sonu:tin»es  tliere  are  2 
leaves  from  eac!»  joint.  iSpikes  at  tlie  extrentity  of  each  branch,  one 
nearly  ses>ile,  tlie  other  on  a  pe«liincle  I — 2  inciies  loni; :  a  b-af  froia 
tisc  snmmit  of  the  brancli  with  its  sheatl*  envelopes  the  sessile  spike 
and  the  peduncle  of  the  other.  liacltis  linear,  straight,  wide,  the  back 
Hat,  tlie  sides  inllexed  and  coverinu;  one  half  the  flower,  finely  frinired. 
i-'luirers  in  two  rows,  one  from  each  bud,  sessile,  l^alves  of  the  caltjx 
ecjiial,  ovati.-,  nearly  aeiite,  3  nerved. 

This  species  seems  to  connect  this  genus  to  the  Ccrcsla.  Vet  it  may 
be  remarked  that  in  this  plant  the  valves  of  the  calyx  are  equal,  tho 
midrib  distinct,  and  the  structure  exactly  similar  to  the  other  s|)ecie.s 
«d"paspalum.  In  the  Ceresia  the  valves  of  the  calyx  are  unequal,  and 
the  midrib  altogether  wanting.  The  rachis  in  this,  is  wide  and  cover* 
a  part  of  the  flower,  but  in  the  Ceresia,  it  so  completely  protects  the 
llowcr  that  the  calyx  becomes  colourless  (etiolateil). 

Grows  in  humid  soils.     Near  Savannah — Dr.  Baldwin. 

Flowers  in  the  Summer.  Sheathed  Paapaluvu 


CERESIA. 

FloscuU  lateralcs,  bifa- 
rii,sub  rachi  lata,  mcmhra- 
jiacea,  cynibiformi.  Ca- 
lyx 2-valvis,  l-tlorus. 

i.  Fr.riTANs.     E. 

C.  ciilnio  repente,  as- 
cendenteque,  plermnquc 
fluitante  ;  foliis  scabris  ; 
spieis  plurimis,  iijluniis 
calycinis  albis,  j)iinctalis, 
parcc  pilosis. 

Paspalum  mcmbranaceure  ."*    AV 
P.  mucronatum,     Muhl.  Cat. 


Persoon. 

Flowers  lateral,  two 
rowed,  under  a  wide, 
inenil)ranous,  boat-sha|)- 
ed  raehis.  Calyx  2  valv- 
ed,  1  flowered. 

Stem  creepins;  and  as- 
cending, generally  float- 
ing ;  leaves  scabious  ; 
si)ikes  nuineious ;  glumes 
ol"  the  calyx  white,  dot- 
ted, a  liltlc  hairy. 

alt.  p.  75, 


no  TRIANDRIA  DIGYNTA. 

Root  annual  ?  Stem  procumbent,  creeping  and  assiirgent,  1 — 3  feet 
long,  a  little  compressed,  very  glabrous.  Leaves  2 — 3  inches  long^ 
4 — 5  lilies  wide,  the  under  surface  slightly  gl.iucous;  slieaths  generally 
shorter  tlian  the  joints,  hairy  at  base:  stipule  membranous,  lacerate. 
Spikes  20 — 30,  slightly  recurved.  Jinc/iis  wide,  keeled,  acute,  sca- 
brous, the  margins  and  keel  finely  serrulate,  covering  tlie  flowers  (as 
with  a  roof),  that  are  arran^ced  along  its  under  surface.  Cnly.r,  glumes 
ovate,  acute,  (without  a  midrib,)  dotted,  white,  with  the  two  marginal 
nerves  green,  sprinkled  with  hair;  the  exterior  valve  a  little  longer, 
bifid  at  the  summit.  Corolla  -2  v  Ived,  a  little  smaller  than  the  calyx ; 
valves  ovate,  acute,  equal,  tiie  exterior  convex,  the  interior  flat- 
JW'ctavies  2,  small,  ovate.  Filaments  3.  Anthers  whte.  Styles  2, 
shorter  than  the  corolla.     Stigmas  featliered,  white.    Seed  nearly  oval. 

Grows  in  the  river  swamps.     Ogechee.     In  rice  fields. 

Flowers  September — November.  Floating  Ceresia. 


PHLEUM.     Gen.  pl.  109. 


Calyx  2  valved,  sessile, 
linear,  truncate,  with  the 
summit  2  pointed.  Co-^ 
rolla  inclosed. 

Spike  cylindrical,  very 
long,  ciliate  ;  stem  erect. 


Calyx  2-valvis,  sessihs, 
linearis,  truncatus,  apice 
bicuspidatus.  Corolla  in- 
clusa. 

1.  Prvtense. 

p.  spica  cylindrica, 
longissima,  ciliata ;  culmo 
e recto.  Sp.  pl.  i.  p. 
554. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  erect,  columnar,  glabrous.  Leaves  linear- 
lanceolate,  serrulate,  scabrous  ;  sheaths  somewhat  scabrous,  longer 
than  the  joints  ;  stipules  membranous,  lacerate.  Flowers  \n  a  com- 
pound spike.  Spikelets  many  flowered,  appressed.  Calyx  2  valved, 
valves  ecjual,  hairy,  ciliate,  the  back  somewhat  aculeate,  truncate, 
with  the  midri!)  extended  to  an  awn  twice  the  length  of  the  valves. 
Corolla  2  valved,  much  smaller  than  the  calyx. 

Grows  on  Sulllvans  Island, originating  no  doubt  from  imported  seed. 
From  its  having  naturalised  itself  on  that  island,  it  is  probable  that 
this  valuable  grass  merits  attention  from  our  farmers.  In  that  barren 
6oil  it  was  humble,  scarcely  exceeding  tj — 10  inches  in  height. 

Flowers  in  June — July.  Meadow  FlUeum-^Timothy.. 

ALOPECURUS.     Gen.  pl.  lOS. 

Calyx  2-valvis.   Carol-  I      Cab^x  2  valved.  Carols 
la  i-vaivis.  j  la  i  valved. 


TlllANDUI.V    DIGYNIA# 


111 


Stem  g;c!uculate ;  keels 
of  the,  calyx  ciliutc  ;  awii 
twice  as  long  as  the  co- 
rolla. 


1 .  CnNK  riiATus  ? 

A.  cuhuo  ,2;eniculato  : 
calvris  cariiiis  cilialis  : 
arislls  ^luma  duplo  Ion- 
gioribus.     E. 

S|).  pi.  p.  SIR. 

A.  piatonsia?    Walt.  p.  7  J. 

ILiwt  perennial.  Stem  geniculate,  ascenflins;,  terete,  very  glabrous, 
about  oru*  toot  liiii;h.  Lvaves  2 — \  inches  lon-j:,  -2 — 5  lines  wide,  gla- 
brous, tlic  margins  and  upper  surface  3.  little  roughened  :  sheaths 
shorter  than  the  joints,  glalirous  ;  stipules  ovate,  membranous.  Ftotc- 
en  in  a  compoujid  cylindrical  spike  }  closely  appressed.  Calyx  2 
valvod  :  valves  equal,  obtuse,  compressed,  hairy,  the  keel  ciliate,  al- 
most villous.  Vnrolla  1  valved,  as  long  as  the  calyx,  glabrous,  obtuse, 
with  an  awn  attached  to  its  base  twice  as  long  as  itself.  Anther* 
white.     'Stii^ma>i  white,  almost  simple. 

(irows  in  damp  and  clayey  soils.     In  rice  f.elds,  commou. 

Fluwcrti  iji  -Match. 


PAXICUM.     Gen.  pl.  107. 


CnUjx  8-valvis  ;  valva 
exteriore  minima. 

1.  Cenciiroides.     E. 

P.  spiea  tcrcti,  stiicta  ; 
involucre  nuiltipailito,  u- 
nifloro,  laciniis  tcreti-sub- 
iilatis.  rigidis,  scahri^, 
flosculos  paulo  supcran- 
tibus.     E. 


CaUfX  .3  valved  ;  ex- 
terior valve  very  small. 

Spike  terete,  strict  ; 
invohicrum  many  parted, 
ene  flowered,  the  seg- 
ments terete,  subulate, 
rigid,  scabrous,  a  little 
lon":er  than  the  florets. 


Root  perennial  ?  Stem  erect,  terete,  scabrous  near  the  spike. 
Leaves  long,  5 — 7  I'nes  wide,  flat,  scabrous  on  the  inner  surface, 
rather  smooth  on  the  outer,  contracted  and  hairy  at  the  tliroat ;  sheaths 
longer  .'  than  the  joints.  f7o«'<  rs  in  a  compact,  appressed.  rigid  spike. 
Itivolucrum  many  cleft,  the  exterior  segments  very  short,  the  interior 
a  little  longer  than  the  flower, all  rigid  anil  somewhat  pungent.  Ca- 
ly.v  3  valved  :  the  accessory  valve  about  halft'ie  length  of  the  others  ; 
proper  valves  nearly  efjual,  3 — 7  nerved.  Tn/ivs  of  the  comlla  equal, 
rather  longer  than  the  calyx.  Jjnthers  purple.  Stigmas  leatliered, 
white. 

For  this  species  I  am  indebted  to  Dr.  Baldwin,  who  found  it  on 
Jekyl  Island,  Georgia. 

^'lowers  ,  Spiny  Panicuvt, 


lis 


TRIANDRIA   DIGYNIA. 


2.  L.BViGATuni.     MuhL  Cat. 


P.  glaberrimum ;  culmo 
comf)resso ;  spica  tere- 
ti  ;  spiculis  unifloris  ;  in- 
volucellis  aristis  decern. 


Plant  very  smooth  ; 
stem  con^. pressed  ;  spike 
columnar  ;  spikelets  one 
flowered  ;  invokicels  10 
awned. 


J?oof  perennial  ?  Stem  procumbent,  1 — 2  feet  high,  much  compress- 
ed, lower  joints  very  short.  Leaves  narrow,  acute,  sliglitly  channell- 
ed, very  smooth,  freqnentl;^  longer  than  the  stem,  margins  entire ; 
sheaths  smooth,  compressed,  lower  one  much  longer  than  t!ic  joints, 
so  that  the  leaves  appear  imbricate  and  distichous.  Ilachis  pubes- 
cent. Filaments  3.  Anthers  \inrp\e.  Stifles  2,  as  long  as  the  corol- 
la.    Stigmas  feathered,  purple,     -^ieed  nearly  smootli. 

This  species  has  great  affinity  to  the  P.glaucum.  It  differs  by  its 
more  compressed,  stem,  its  longer  leaves,  its  spikelots  generally  one 
flowered,  and  a  corolla  so  smooth  that  transverse  strire  can  only  be 
discovered  by  a  good  lens. 

Grows  on  the  sea  islands,  (on  fadings'  plentifully,)  along  the  margins 
of  the  salt  water. 

Flowers  through  the  summer.  Smooth  Fanicum. 


3.  Glaucum. 

P.  spica  tereti  ;  invo- 
iucellis  bifloris,  fascicula- 
to-pilosis  ;  seminibus  iin- 
dulato-riigosis.  Sp,  pi. 
4.  p.  335. 


Spike  cylindrical ;  in- 
voluccls  two  flowci'ef], 
hairy,  fasciculate  ;  seeds 
crossed  by  undulate 
wrinkles. 


Mich.  1.  p.  46. 
P.  alopecurodeum, 


Walt.  p.  72. 


Jtoot  annual.  Stem  2 — 3  feet  high,  slightly  compressed,  glabrous. 
Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  very  acute,  margins  serrulate,  upper  surface 
scabrous,  the  under  nearly  smooth.  Spike  couiposed  of  spikelets 
which  shoot  out  at  first  several  buds,  perhaps  one  for  each  awn, 
but  generally  mature  only  one  or  two  seeds,  ^^flwns  8 — 10,  divided  in- 
to two  fascicles,  2 — 3  times  as  long  as  the  flower.  Cali/.r  3  valved, 
glabrous;  the  exterior  valve  small,  ovate,  acute,  3  nerved;  the  next 
lanceolate,  slightly  mucronate,  concave,  5  nerved  ;  the  interior  longer, 
nearly  flat,  with  the  margins  inflexed,  acute,  5  nerved.  Corolla  2 
valved  ;  the  exterior  ovate,  concave,  obscurely  5  nerved,  transversely 
rugose ;  interior  flat,  2  nerved,  more  faintly  rugose.  Filaments  3.  An- 
thers orange-coloured.  Styles  2,  longer  than  the  corolla.  Stigmas 
feathered,  purple. 


TRrANDRTV    DTGYNFA^ 


113 


We  have  of  this  plant  three  vciv  distinct  varieties. 

i.  (ilaiicuni  r  plant  s;ru\vin<;  in  small  detachod  bunches,  12 — IS 
inches  hi^h.  Stem  and  li-aves  t* rect.  Leaves  (in  the  upper  surface 
p,Iaucous  :  spikt'lcts  1  th)\\ered;  rachis  pube.-cent,  ahoost  tonicrfrose  : 
awii  >«>int'rniu's  tinged   uitli  pur|;lo. 

"2.  Fla\('>cens.  SttMii  procumbent,  takinu;  root  at  the  lower  joints, 
2 — Sfeetloii'g;  leaves  Ion;;,  decumbent  :  rachis  villous:  spikt-lets  1 
flowered  ;  tho  whole  plant  has  a  yellow  hue. 

3.  I'urpurascens.  l!»«im<*what  decumljent,  10 — l.l  inches  hi<;h  ; 
leaves  short,  expanding:,  upp»'r  pat  of  the  stem  nak**!!  :  spike  small  ; 
rachis  hirsute :  s[)ikclt>ts  lVe«|uently  ii  tlowered  ;  transvor^e  wriiiklis 
of  the  seed  much  coarser  in  tliis  than  in  the  preceding  varieties  ;  awns 
purple,  and  the  glumes  uf  the  mature  seed. 

l)r.  Muhlenberg  once  considered  this  variety  as  a  distinct  sj)ecies, 
which  he  propo.»ed  to  call  P.  medium,  as  intermediate  between  P. 
glaucum  and  germanicnm.  He  however  omitted  it  in  his  catalo"^ue, 
and  I  have  for  the  present  arranged  it  here. 

Grows.  The  1st.  near  Charleston,  a)>pearing  to  prefer  the  vicinitv  of 
salt  water  ;  the  2d  every  where  excepting;  in  inundated  lands  :  the  3d. 
in  dry  sandypastures ;  on  Paris  Island,  common.  Found  also  ou 
riiarleston  neck. 

Flowers  through  the  whole  summer.  Glc\iiQous  Paniciim. 


4.   CORIIUGATIIM.      E. 

V.  spica  tcrrti,  conipo- 
sita,  setosa;  spiculis  nuil- 
tiiloris  (7 — lo)  ;  corollis 
liansvcr.sc  ruii:osis.     E. 


Spike  terete,  coinpound, 
bristly ;  spikelcts  many 
flowered.  (7 — 10)  :  eoiol- 
la  transversely  rugose. 


Stem  2  — 3  feet  high,  terete,  slightly  scabrous.  Leaves  8 — 1 2  inches 
louff.  3  lines  wide,  acute,  very  scabrous  ;  up'per  sheaths  longer  tlian 
the  joints,  scabious  ;  stipules  hairy.  Floirers  in  a  comjjact,  terete 
spike,  G  inches  louir,  composed  of  niany  appressed  spikeiets;  7 — 10 
feriile  Howers,  and  as  many  sterile  on  each  spikelet.  Jitvulucrum, 
a  bristle  at  the  base  of  each  floret,  whetlier  sterile  or  fertile,  3  or  4 
times  as  long  as  the  floret.  Calyx  3  valved  ;  accessary  valve  half  as 
long  as  the  proper  valves,  all  5  nerved  .Corolla  as  lona;  as  the  caKx  ; 
exterior  valve  and  t!ie  seed  transversely  wrinlvled.  ^Int hers  and  ^ii<  ' 
vias  dark  purple. 

This  species  has  much  resemblance  to  the  P.  Italicum,  but  is  smaller, 
and  its  flowers  have  the  structure  ol  the  P.  triaucum. 

Sent  to  me  from  Savannah  by  Dr.  Jialdwin. 

Flowers  Wrinkled  ranicim. 


5.   IiAi-irrM. 

P.  spica  coinposita,l)asi  |  Spikes  compressed,  nod- 
interru|)ta,  nutante  ;  spi-  |  dinji;,  interrupted  at  basf  ; 
culis  glomeratis  -,  involu-  |  spikeiets  clustered ;  invo- 


114i 


TRIANDRIA   DIGYNIA. 


ceUis  setaceis  flore  multo  |  lucels  with  bristles  miich 
longiorilms ;  raclii  toiiien-  ]  longer  than  the  flower; 
tosa.     Sp.pl.  1.  p.  336.    I  rachis  tomentose. 

Walt.  p.  72. 

Boof  perennial,  ^'^tem  2 — 10  feet  high,  erect,  a  little  compressed* 
Leaves  nearly  3  feet  lonj^,  li  incl-.es  wide,  channelled,  scabrous  ; 
slieaths  as  long  as  th.e  joints,  scabrous  witiiout.  glabrous  within,  the 
thrnat  and  margins  near  the  throat,  ciliate.  Spikelets  many  flowered, 
at  tl'.e  base  of  the  spike  a  little  remote,  towards  the  summit  crowded. 
Jiiims  4 — 6  times  as  long  as  the  flower,  '2,  3,  or  more,  at  the  base  of 
each  tloret,  perhaps  one  only  for  each  bud.  Jtachis  angled,  very  vil- 
lous* not  tomentose.  C'aly.v  2  flowered,  hermaphrodite  and  malcj 
nearly  as  in  P.  glaucum.  Corolla  smooth  ;  of  the  male  flower, 
one  valved,  membranous,  as  long  as  those  of  the  hermaphro- 
dite fiower ;  the  margins  infiexed,  the  angles  nerved  and  ciliate.  Fil^ 
amentfi  3.  Anthers  pale  yellow.  Htigma  feathered,  purple  ?  Seed 
lery  smooth. 

Grows  in  ponds  and  wet  soils. 
»    Flowers  August — September.  iMrgc-sjnked  Fanicum. 


Spikes  alternate  and  hy 
pairs  ;  spi Relets  subdi- 
vided ;  glumes  awned, 
hispid ;  racliis  five  angled. 


6.  Crus  Gallt. 

P.  spicis  alternis,  con- 
jugatisque  ;  spiculis  siib- 
divisis :  glumis  aristatis, 
hispidis ;  rachi  quinquan- 
gulaii.     Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  S'S7' 

Mich.  1.  p.  46. 

P.  hirtellum,     Walt,  p  72. 

Root  annual.  Stem  erect,  2 — 4  feet  high,  terete,  glabrous.  Leaves 
1 — 2  feet  long,  6 — 10  lines  wide,  channelled,  somewhat  scabrous, 
acutely  serrulate.  Flowers  crowded  on  spikes  which  form  a  terminal 
panicle,  liacliis  very  scabrous,  hairy.  Calyx  2  flowered,  hermaph- 
rodite, and  neuter:  accessory  valve  very  small,  tciininated  by  a  short 
awn  ;  exterior  valve  lanceolate,  concave,  with  an  awn  5  times  its  own 
length;  interior  lanceolate,  flat,  with  an  awn  10  times  its  own  length  ; 
valves  nerved,  and  hispid.  Corolla  slightly  pubescei>t ;  valve  of  the 
neutral  floret  small,  lanceolate,  membranous.  Filaments  3.  Anthers' 
saffron  «-oloured.     Stigmas  featiicred,  purple.     Seed  smooth. 

Of  this  species  we  possess  three  remarkable  varieties. 

1.  muticum,  valves  of  the  calyx  without  awns,  only  acuminate  and 
hispid.     Rachis  scabrous,  not  hairy. 

2.  aristatum,  as  described  above.     Awns  sometimes  shorter. 

3.  hispiUum.  (P.  hispidiim,  Muhl.  Cat.)  with  the  sheath  of  the 
leaves  very  hispid,  the  bristles  glandular  and  jointed,  ^wns  shorte# 
tiiajii  in  the  second  variety. 


TRIANIUMV    DICaNIA.  US 

flrovrs.     1  rnrp.     2  vn  v  ( uiinnoii  in  vet  urouiul  ;  well  known  tu 

n<M' planU'rs  us  tlio  n-d  j\:uik  u;ra4S.  Son  K(linj:;*s  Island,  iiiound 
jMUuls. 

Flowers  through  tlie  summer.  Cocksfoot  Panicum, 

7.  Walteri.  I 

P.  spicis  altcrnis.  sub-  j  Spikes  alternate,  .a;en- 
apprcssis,  iinilatcrilloiis  ;  |  crally  ap[)ressed,  flcwcr- 
floribus  triscriaiis,  niiiti-  |  ing  on  one  side ;  flowers 
cis  ;  geniniis  biiloris.    E.  |  in  3  row^,  nnawncd;  buds 

I  2  flowered. 

p.  dimidiatuni,    Walt.  p.  72. 

Jtont  annual  ?  Stem  erect,  strlrt,  2  feet  hi2;h,  slender,  j:;laI)rou8. 
J^nvra  4 — f)  inches  lonij.  ~ — 3  linos  wide,  2;labr()u«;,  expandin'^  hori- 
zontallv  ;  sheath  open,  glabrous,  j^eneraily  shorter  tlian  the  joints,  at 
the  throat  ciliate.  Spikes  7 — 12.  the  lower  ones  remote,  about  1  inch 
li>nj:.  Ifnchi'i  triquetrous,  scabrous.  Cali/.v  'Z  ilowered,  hermaphro- 
dite, and  male.  Valve  of  t!je  small  flower  lanceolate,  nearly  Hat, 
with  the  margins  inflected,  as  larsie  as  those  of  the  hermaphrodite 
ilower.  FilnmentsS.  Jliithers  purple;  of  tlie  male  flower  similar. 
Stiz'i^as  puiple. 

'j'his  species  sometimes  approaches  to  the  var.  muticum,  of  the 
P.  Cms  Galli,  but  its  spikes  are  always  smaller  and  more  remote  ; 
its  flowers  too  are  smaller,  and  the  calyx  less  hairy. 

Grows  in  damp  soils.  On  Charleston  neck,  common.  Macleod's 
pond.  05  miles  from  Savannah,  on  the  Ogechee  road. 

Flowers  through  the  summer.  ffaUer's  Panicum,. 

8.  HfRTELLUM.  I 

P.   spica     composita ;  Spike      coin  pound  ; 

spicidis  appressis,  alter-  |  spikclcts   appresscd,   al- 
nis ;  calycis  valvuHs  oni-  |  ternate  :     valves    of  tile 
nibus    aristatis,     cxlinia  |  calyx  all  awncd,  exterior 
longissinia.       Sp.   pi.   1.  |  awn  very  long. 
p.  340.  I 

Mich.  1.  p.  47. 
Jtont  perennial.  Stem  procumbent,  crcepinor,  sometimes  ascending:, 
sli^litly  c<»mpresscd,  hairy,  particularly  at  the  joints.  Leaven  ovate- 
lanceolate,  acute,  scabrous,  undulate,  sprinkled  with  short  hairs,  the 
base  almost  contracteil  to  a  petiole,  which  afterwards  dilates  into  a 
pheath  shorter  than  the  joints,  A\ith  tlie  mary:in  and  tliroat  hairy. 
Spik'ps  compound,  remote,  composed  of  spikelets  ;>— S  flowered,  te- 
sembling;  fascicles.  Jinch'n  shorty  angletl, villous.  Calyx  I  flowered  j 
awns  all  purple  :  that  of  the  accessory  \alvc  tlic  lougesf.  Anllurs 
white.     Kiti^rmas  feathered,  sanguineous 


116 


TIIIANDRIA   DIGYNIA. 


I  can  find  iiothina;  in  the  structure  of  the  flower  to  autliorise  the 
expression  "calycibus  jieminis"  in  tlie  specilic  character  bjLiHneeus. 
I  liave  therefore  omitted  it. 

Grows  in  rich,  dry,  shaded  soils. 

Flowei  8  August — October.  Creeping  Panictim, 


9.   GlBBUM.       E. 

p.  I'aceniis  inultifloris, 
appressis,  spicam  terete ni 
relerentibiis ;  calycis  val- 
viilis  conspicue  nervosis, 
exteriore  l3asi  gibba ;  flo- 
ribus  caducis.     E. 


Racemes  many  flower- 
ed, appressed,  resembling 
a  columnar  spike ;  valves 
of  the  calyx  strongly 
nerved,  the  exterior  gib- 
bous at  base ;  flowers 
caducous. 

Root  annual  ?  Stem  ascending  and  erect,  eohnnnar,  glabrous  ; 
lower  joints  sometimes  taking  root.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  some- 
what scabrous,  jnibescent,  expanding  ;  sheaths  siiorter  than  the  joints, 
the  lower  ones  liispid,  the  upper  nearly  smooth.  Calyx  2  floweied, 
hermaphrodite  aad  neuter;  nerves  of  th»e  valves  like  ribs  ;  valves 
loosely  appressed,  and  like  the  whole  plant,  tinged  with  dark  purple. 
Corolla^  valves  of  tlie  hermaphrodite  flower  only  half  as  long  as  the 
calyx  ;  of  the  neutral  fioiet,  a  little  shorter  than  the  calyx.  Jlnthers 
white. 

Grows  in  damp  and  wet  soils. 

Flowers  through  the  summer.  Turple  Panicum. 


10.    MOLLE. 

V  spicis  paniculatis,  al- 
tei'nis,  secundis,  patenti- 
bus ;  spiculi.s  approxima- 
Xh.  ])edicel]atis,  secundis, 
mulicis.  Sp.  pi,  i.  p.  340. 


Spikes  panicled,  alter- 
nate, expanding,  flower- 
ing on  one  side ;  spike- 
lets  approximate,  pedi- 
cillate,  on  one  side,  awn- 
less. 

■icli.  1.  p.  47. 

Root  fibrous,  perennial,  ^^tem  erect,  4 — G  feet  high,  columnar,  be- 
low smooth,  towards  the  summit  cloatlied  viith  soft  down,  tlie  joints 
tinged  with  purple,  and  pubescent.  Leaves  12 — 18  inches  long,  gla- 
brous, channelled,  the  margins  nearly  entire;  the  sheath  as  long  as 
the  joints,  glabrous;,  the  tin-oat  ciliatc,  pubescent  and  purple  on  tiie 
oiit>.ide.  t lowers  in  racemes.''  buds  in  two  rows,  2 — 3  flowered,  one 
or  tvi^o  of  which  are  frequently  abortive.  Rachis  triquetrous,  very 
villous.  Cali/x  two  valved  .-^  two  flowered,  hermaphrodite  and  male: 
valves  concave,  acute,  hairy,  the  exterior  a  little  longer.  Corolla  of 
the  hermaphrodite  flower  two  valved,  shorter  than  the  calyx  ;  of  the 
male  flower  one  salved,  membranous,  as  long  as  the  calyx.     JliUhers 


TRIANDRIA    DIGYNTA. 


117 


fivrplc.     Sliscmna  purple.     JSyctarium  a  two  lobeil  glanJ,  nearly  as 
iMi'^  as  tlio  sri'iiii. 
Allu'd  to  thi'  i:;»Miii«;  Militnn. 

(iriMvsiii  t!u»   vallii's  ol  i!n»  si'a  i^ljtuU.  on  Cliajjl'm's   Island  parti- 
fiilarly.     Plant  salt  aiitl  bitti-r. 

Kluuor.s  August — iH'pieiuljcr.  i'o/Y  ranicufn. 


it.  Gymnoc  vni'ON.     E. 

1*  ?  spicis  ]Kiiiiculalis  ; 
?f|)iciilis  l)isciialis,  pauri- 
tloris  :  calycis  vah  is  sub- 
ivqualil)us.  patcmibus, 
corolla  miilto  longiori- 
bus.     E. 


Spikes  paniculate  ; 
spikelcts  in  two  rows, 
lew  flowered  :  valves  of 
the  calyx  nearly  equal, 
expanding,  nuich  longer 
tban  the  corolla. 


Hoot  rii)n)us,  perennial,  -^tcm  erect,  2 — i  feet  liiiih,  tri(|uetrous  ?  jjla- 
brous.  Lpavfn  \2 — 14  inclies  l<»nu;, cordate,  i^iabrous,  with  tlie  margins 
finely  senuiale  ;  sheaths  as  long  as  t!ie  joinls,  striate;  stipules  obso- 
lete. J'diiicli'  simple  ;  branches  clusteretl,  opposite,  or  alternate. 
Flowpvi  in  two  rows,  on  one  side  of  the  branches,  in  small  spikes 
3 — 5  tlowered.  Cah/.v  3  valved  ;  valves  lanceolate,  3  nerved,  sliglit- 
ly  keeled,  nearly  of  an  equal  lenii,th:  the  interior  with  the  point 
.slightly  inflected.  CoruHa  2  valved,  not  half  as  long  as  the  calyx  t; 
the  valves  equal,  cartilau;inous.  »>iut/iers  iind  Stigmas  t  pur])le.  "  Ah 
the  valves  of  the  calyx  do  Jiot  close,  the  seed  as  it  iriatures  becomeK 
very  conspicuous,  as  in  Scloria. 

From  )?pc(  imens  collected  near  Savannah,  by  Dr.  Baldwin. 

Flowers  August — September. 


**  Paniculatce. 
a.  Floribus      confertis 
race  mo  sis. 


**  ffoxvers  in  panicles, 
a.  Flowers  crowded  in 
racemes. 


12.  Gexiculatum.     Muhl.  Cat. 


P.  culnio  assurgenti, 
gcniculato,  glabcrrinio  ; 
paniculis  tcrniinalibus,  ax- 
illaril)us(|ue,  dillusis,  pa- 


Stcm  assurgent,  geni- 
culate, very  glabj'ous  ; 
panicle  terminal  and  ax- 
illary, dilFiise  and  cx- 
l)an(ling  ;  sheaths  of  tligi 
leaves  inflated. 


tentibus  ;    vaginis    Iblio- 
ruin  inflalis.     E. 

p.  dichotomiflorum  ?     Mich.  1.  p.  48.-  ' 

P.  miliaceum,     \N  alt.  p.  72. 

Root  annual.     Stem  3 — 6  feet  hii:;h,  sometimes  at  bxse  nearly  aH 
inch    in   diamet<;r,  very   much  bent  ai;d  branching  at  every  joint- 


lis 


TRIANDRIA    DIGYMA. 


Lececes  6 — 24  inches  Ion?:,  6 — 10  lines  wide,  hairy  and  scabrous  o-ft 
the  upper  surface,  glabrous  on  the  under;  sheath  shorter  than  the 
joints,  nearly  smooth,  a  little  hairy  at  base,  very  much  inflated  when 
young;  stipules  bearded.  Ponicffis  large.  C'a/?/.r  one  flowered  ;  ae- 
cessorv  valve  very  short,  and  generally  acute.  Anthers  saffron-colour. 
Sti^ius  purple.  J\''ectarieSf  SI  ovate,  compressed,  white  glands  at  the 
base  of  tlie  germ. 

Grows  in  wet  'oils.     In  rice  fields  common. 

Flowers  August — October.  Geniculate  Panlmm. 

Lars:c  Water  Panicumt 


Stem  compressed  : 
sheaths  hairy,  ancipitous ; 
panicles  racemose,  pyra- 
midal, with  the  flowers 
apprcsscd ;  branches  fre- 
quently divaricate. 


13.  Anceps.     Mich. 

P  culmo  compresso  ; 
Taginis  pilosis,  ancipiti- 
bus  ;  parricula  racemosa, 
pyramidata,  floribiis  ap- 
presssis  :  ramulls  pie- 
rum  que  divaricatis      E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  48.— Pers.  1.  p.  84. 

Boo^  perennial,  f^tem  2 — 4  feet  high,  erect,  geniculate  near  the 
base,  branching,  much  compressed.  Leaves  6—18  inclies  long.  2 — 3 
lines  wide,  hairy,  serrulate  ;  sheaths  longer  than  the  joints  ;  stipules 
membranous.  Panicle  oblong,  frequently  turned  much  to  one  side, 
branches  alternate  and  by  pairs,  expanding,  and  divaricate,  some  of 
them  occasionally  bending  down  as  if  broken.  Floirers  in  crowded 
racemes.  Caly.r  5  valved,  2  flowered,  hermaphrodite  and  neuter; 
valves  acute,  somewhat  keeled,  proper  valves  compressed  at  the  joints. 
Corolla  sliorter  than  the  calyx;  valve  of  the  male  floret  ciliate.  ^in- 
thers  and  Stigmas  purple. 

Varies  very  much  in  size  and  pubescence. 

Grows  in  ditches,  and  wet  soils.     Common  along  roads. 

Flowers  August — November.  Compressed  Panicum. 


14.  HrAKs.    E. 

P.  glabrum ;  culmo  gra- 
cili,  decumbente  ;  pani- 
cula  racemosa ;  valva  flo- 
ris  neutri  elongata,  con- 
cava,  liiante.     E. 


Stem  glabrous,  slen- 
der, decumbent ;  pani- 
cle racemose ;  valves  of 
the  neutral  floret  long, 
concave,  gaping. 


P.  divaricatum  ?    Mich.  1.  p.  50. 

-Sn7iuaU  Stem  10 — 15  inches  high,  slender,  decumbent :  slightly 
geniculate.  Leaves  linear,  acute,  fringed  near  the  base  ;  sheath  short, 
contracted  and  a  little  hairy  at  the  throat.  Panicle  small,  with 
branches  remote,  expanding,  bearing  their  flowers  in  small  clus- 
tered racemes.     Valves  of  the  calyx  generally  3  nerved,  ovate,  acute ; 


TRIANDRIA    DIGYNIA. 


11» 


"Ihe  intcii(tr  valvo  the  larsrost.     Corolla,  of  t!ie  fertile  floret  2  valved, 

ovate,  cartilai^inous,  as  lar'j:e  as  the  inteiinr  valve  ot'tlie  calyx  ;  t)t"tlio 

sterile  floret  utie  valvo<l,  larger  than  the  calvx,  acuiiiitiato,   nieiubra- 

V  nous,  particularly  aloiii^  the  margin,  concave,  f(»rmin;:;   with   the  in- 

^terior  valve  (»t"  tlie  calyx  a  neutral  fl(tri't,  ojhmi  at  the  summit. 

This  is  probably  the  P. divaricatum  of  Michaux.  The  ncitral  floret 
however  is  not  pedicillate;  tin-  other  diflorences  may  eahily  have  arisea 
lVoni,«lifTi'reiice  of  soil  and  situation.  As  Linnteus  had  already  eni- 
plo\ed  this  name,  1  have  given  one  which  appears  more  characteristic 
of  this  species. 

Cirows  in  damp  pine  barrens.  Very  abundant  near  Michaux's  old 
farm,  10  miles  from  Charleston. 

Flowers  August — October.  Gaping  rauicum. 


b.  Flowers  scattered,  soU 
itarij. 

Panicle  witli  tlie  lateral 
racemes  siin[)le  ;  leaves 
ovatc'-laiiceolatCj  hairy  at 
llie  throat 


h.  Florihus  cUffusis  so- 
litariis. 

15.   LaTI FOLIUM. 

P.  paiiicula  race  mis  la- 
teralihus  simplicihus  ;  fo- 
liis  ovato-lanceohUis,  cul- 
lo  pilosis.  Sp.  pi.  1.  p. 
350. 

"NValt  p.  73. 
Mich.  1.  p.  -19. 

Hoot  perennial.  Stem  procumbent,  about  1  foot  high,  coluinnar, 
pubescent,  sometimes  branchin;;.  Lfuv  s  almost  heart-siiaped,  gla- 
brous, pale  unilerneatli,  finely  serralati* ;  3 — 4  inc.ies  lonjr,  1 — IJ 
wide,  end)racin?  the  stem  :  sheath  hairy,  at  tl>e  throat,  base,  and  ahmg 
tiie  margins  bearded.  Caly^:  -Z  flowered,  hermaphrodite  and  ncwter, 
pubescent ;  flowers  large.  (  orolla,  valves  of  tlie  heriiiaphroUite  flow- 
er as  large  as  the  calyx,  of  the  neuter  smaller,  jlntliers  and  titi^w 
purple. 

(jrows  in  dry,  rich  soils,  preferring  shade. 

Flowers  through  the  summer.  Broad-leaved  Panieunu 


i6.  Scoparil'm.     La  Marck. 


P.  culmo,  va2;inisque 
villosissimis ;  foliis  supra 
glabris  ;  panicula  pauci- 
flora ;  floribus  obovatis 
majuscuhs.     JK. 


Stem  and  sheaths  very 
villous  ;  leaves   glabrous 
upper    surface  ; 
few     Howe  red  ; 
obovate,     \ciy 


on  the 
l)anicle 
ilowers 
lari:;e. 


120 


TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA. 


Hoot  perennial.  Stem  erect,  about  2  feet  high,  sometimes  brandl- 
ing, columnar,  almost  hispid.  Leaves  3 — G  inches  long,  1 — U  inches 
wWe  serrulate,  slightly  waved,  pubescent  and  soft  underneath,  gla- 
brous, tiiough  aometimes  sprinkled  with  hair  on  the  upper  surface. 
ytowers  larger  than  in  any  other  of  our  species.  Calyx  2  tlowei-ed, 
hermaphrodHe  and  neuter,  pubescent ;  accessory  valve  ovate,  acute, 
small ;  proper  valves  obovate.  Corolla,  valve  of  the  neutral  Horet 
one  half  as  large  as  those  of  the  hermaphrodite.  .Unthers  and  Stig- 
mas dark  purple.  J\*ectaries,  two  glands  at  one  side  of  the  germ, 
obovate,  unequally  two  cleft  at  the  summit. 

Grows  in  shaded  places.  Somewhat  rare.  From  the  P.  viscidum 
it  ditfers,  by  its  flowers  twice  as  large,  by  its  leaves  glabrous  on 
the  upper  surface,  by  its  stem  not  viscid,  nor  marked  by  the  ring 
\vhich  characterises  the  other  species. 

Flowers  April — May,  perhaps  through  the  summer. 

Larsce  seeded  Paniciim. 


17.  Pauciflorum.  E. 
P.  panicLila  patente 
pauciflora ;  floribus  ina- 
jusculis ;  foliis  angusto- 
laiiceolatis,  basi  ciliatis  ; 
vaginis  pilosis.     E. 


Panicle  expanding,  few 
flowered  ;    flowers 


large 


leaves    narrow- 


lanceolate,  ciliate  at  base ; 
sheatlis  hairy. 


Boo«  perennial.  Stem  12 — 18  inches  high,  erect,  slightly  genicu- 
late, and  disposed  to  branch  at  every  joint,  a  little  roughened.  Leaves 
3 4  inches  long,  S — 4  lines  wide,  lanceolate,  very  acute,  very  gla- 
brous on  tlie  upper  surface,  a  little  roughened  on  the  under,  fringed 
with  long  hairs,  particularly  near  the  base ;  sheaths  shorter  than  the 
joints,  hairy,  with  the  throat  bearded.  Fanicle  small.  Flowers  sol- 
itary, racemose,  oval,  slightly  pubescent  5  accessory  valve  very  small. 
Anthers  ?  and  iitigmas  dark  purple. 

Grows  in  close  damp  soils.  In  Georgia,  not  very  rare.  Resem- 
bles P.  Scoparium  in  fruit,  and  P.  villosum  somewhat  in  habit ; 
much  more  glabrous  than  either. 

Flowero  May.  Few-flowered  Panicum. 


48.    VlRGATUM. 

P.  culmo  foliisque  gla- 
berrimis ;  panicula  diffu- 
sa, maxima ;  glumis  acu- 
Eiinatis,  Isevibus.     E. 

Sp.  pi.   1.  p.  352. 

Mich.  1.  p.  48. 

Clayton,  p,  12,  No.  578  and  606, 


Stem  and  leaves  very 
glabrous;  panicle  diffuse, 
very  large  ;  glumes  acu- 
minate, smooth. 


TRlVNnniV    DIOTNTA. 


124 


Itont  porcnniail.  fitnn  4 — G  feet  hi^li,  oroct,  columnar.  Lcave9 
^ — -  fei't  Ion:;,  \  incli  \\iilo,slif;Iitlv  channelled,  sometime^  hrejinlar- 
ly  serrulate:  slieatli  shuiter  than  ll>e  joints;  stipules  iViriiied.  I'atii- 
flf  |>\iaiuiilal,  (he  central  branches  frequently  verticillatc.  Cah/.x-  i 
tlowered,  herniaphriKlite  and  male;  accessory  valve  one  third  shorter 
tlian  the  otiiers,  acuminate,  nearly  awned;  the  others  concave,  acun»i- 
nate.  Corolla,  valve  of  tlie  male  lloret  lanceolate,  ai  lon;^  as  the  ca- 
lyx,    thitlieys  purj)le.     •S^j^'Hias-  white  ? 

Grow  s  aloni;:  th.e  margins  of  the  salt  wafer.  Very  common  on  the 
fica  shore,  but  not  altou;ether  confined  to  saline  soils. 

Flowers  August — September,  •  Hea-ahore  ranicum-. 


m.  Am  AHUM.     E. 

P.  ^laboiriiiuiiii ;  foliis 
crassl.s.i;lauci8(iuc  ;  pani 
cula    appressa  ; 
acuiniiiatis.     E. 


gill  mis 


riant  very  ,s:la])roiis ; 
leaves  tliick,  glaucoiis  ; 
puiiiclcappressed;  glumes 
acuminate. 


Root  perennial  ?  Stem  Q. — 3  feet  l)i;rli»  columnar,  thick,  nearly  an 
half  inch  in  diameter.  Leanes  nearly  ilat,  almost  coriaceous,  the 
margins  very  entire;  sheaths  s'lorter  tlian  the  joints,  tin^^ed  with  \el- 
low;  the  throat  contracted,  purple  ;  stipules  villous.  Panicle  lan'-e, 
branches  all  ajjpressed.  Flntrers  very  laru;c.  Peduncles^  which  in 
every  other  species  are  very  scabrous,  and  ^^enerallv  hairy,  are  j;la- 
brou*  and  nearly  smootli.  Cabj.v  '■Z  flowered,  hermapiirodite  an<l 
male:  valves  glabrous  and  tinned  with  purple  Corolla,  valve  of  the 
male  lloret  as  lar;;c  as  those  of  the  hermaphrodite.  *9nthers  orans;e- 
coloured.  Sfi^'inas  purple.  JS''ectaries  2,  ovate  at  the  base  of  tiie 
germ. 

Cirows  amnn.;  the  sand  hills  on  tlie  sea  shore.  Loaves  excessively 
bitter.     Waltei-,  in  his  V.  coloratum,  seems  to  have  confused  this  witli 


tiie  prcccdin;;  species.     They  appear  to  nie  very  distinct. 
Flowers  October.  Bitter  Pi 


anici'.m. 


20.    SCABRIUSCITLUM. 

P.  culnu)  crecto,  ma- 
jusculo.  ibliisquc  subtus 
scabriusculis  ;  panicula 
niajuscula,  pyramidafa, 
patcnte ;  floribus  ovatis, 
aculis,  glal)ris.     E. 


E. 


Stem  erect,  lar2:e,  and 
with  the  under  surface  of 
the  leaves  scabrous ;  pan- 
icle large,  pyramidal,  ex- 
pandin.j;;  ilowers  ovate, 
acute,  glabrous. 


Root  2 — 3  feet  hi};b,  terete,  slij^htly  pubescent  and  scal)rous.  Leaves 
linear-lanceolate,  3 — 6  inches  loni^,  acute,  ulabrotis  on  the  upper  sur- 
face, pubescent  and  a  little  scabrous  oii  the  under,  sharply  serrulate; 
sheaths  Ion;;,  but  shorter  than  the  joints,  striate,  pubescent,  sli^^htly 


122 


TRIANDRTA    DIGYNIA. 


scabrous,  contracted  and  hairy  at  the  throat.  Panicle  large,  8—10 
inclies  long,  diffused,  the  branches  glabrous.  Flowers  of  a  middling 
size,  glabrous. 

In  habit  resembles  P.  virtratiim,  but  every  way  smaller  :  differs  also 
in  its  pubescent  stem  and  leaves. 

Sent  to  me  from  Savannah  by  Dr.  Baldwin. 

Flowers  llough'Stemmcd  Panicum. 


Stem  erect,  glabrous ; 
leaves    lanceolate,    very 


acute,    nerved, 
cordate,     the 
sheath   ciliate 
diiTLised 


slightly 
base  and 
;     paiiicle 


flowers  large. 


SI.  Neryostiw.     Muhl. 

P.  ciilmo  erecto,  gla- 
bro  ;  foliis  lanceolatis, 
acutissiniis,  nervosis,  siib- 
cordatis,  basi  vaginaque 
ciliatis  ;  panicula  diffusa  ; 
floribus    majusculis.     E. 

p.  brevifolium  }    "Walt.  p.  73. 

Perennial.  Stem  about  2  feet  hipjh,  terete,  glabrous.  Leaves  lan- 
ceolate, 3 — 5  inches  lout:;,  scabrous  on  the  upper  surface  and  margins, 
glabrous  underneath,  friiiged  at  the  base  and  along  the  margins  of  tlie 
slieath  ;  stipules  obsolete  :  nerves  of  the  leaves  more  conspicuous  than 
usual  iu  this  genus.  Panicle  diffu-cd.  Floicers  on  slender  pedun- 
cles, pubescent,  rather  large.     Jl  fliers  and  ■Stigmas  dark  purple. 

This  species  has  some  resemblance  to  P.  latifolium,  but  is  taller:  its 
leaves  are  narrowei-  and  less  cordate  ;  its  panicle  larger,  while  the 
flowers  are  smaller,  and  do  not  form  such  reg^xlar  racemes  on  the 
lower  branches. 

Grows  in  dry,  shaded  soils. 

Flowers  May — July.  JS^erved-leaf  Panicum. 


glabrous  ; 


22.    MULTIFLORTJM.       E. 

P.  culmo  erecto,  sim- 
plici,  glabro  ;  foliis  lato- 
lanceolatis,  basi  pilosis  ; 
panicula  ramosissinia,  pa- 
tente ;  floribus  parvulis, 
pubescentibus.     E. 

Perennial.  Stem  2 — 9,S  feet  high,  terete,  glabrous.  Leaves  4 — 6 
inches  long,  1  wide,  glabrous,  smooth,  witb  the  edges  scabrous,  and 
slightly  undulate  ;  hairy  and  ciliate  at  the  base  ;  sheaths  slightly  pu- 
bescent ;  stipule  obsolefe.  Floivers  in  a  long  panicle,  much  divided, 
small,  (about  the  size  of  those  of  P.  bavbulatum),  pubescent,  oval,  .^c- 
ces^Dry  valve  o(  the  calyx  xery  minute.  Jinthers  and  <SY/^j»fls  dark 
purple. 

Grows  in  shaded,  dry  soils. 

Flowers  May — July.  Many-jioivered  Panicum, 


erect,  simple, 
leaves  broad, 
lanceolate,  hairy  at  base  ; 
panicle  much  branched, 
expanding;  flowers  small, 
pubescent. 


TUIANUItIA    DIGVNIA. 


123 


23.    OVAT.K. 

1\  puf)rsc(Mis  ;  panicu- 
lii  dilViisa  :  jlorilius  obloii- 
gis.ovalibus,  pilosis;  loliis 
ovato-lanceulatis,  subcoi- 
datis. 


ruhcscciit  ;  panicle 
(lilUiscd  ;  flowers  oblong, 
oval,  bairy  ;  leaves  ovate- 
lanceolate, 
date. 


slightly    cor 


Siem  I — '2  feet  hinli,  Icrote.  Leaves  3 — i  inclios  lun*^  4 — 6  li.iPS 
v.ide,  liairv  at  base,  ami  nunc  cortlate  than  iis;ual  in  ^rasst'S ;  sl'emi 
sluirter  llian  t!io  joints,  except  the  upper  oiii:s,  whjch  arc  sonu'tiiiifS 
crowded,  coiitiacled  at  the  throat,  rttnide  many  llovvered.  Flmcrrs 
vheu  youn;;  elliptic.  Jiccessory  valves  oi  tiie  culijx  about  one  third 
thi-  lenu,ll»  of  the  real  valves. 

This  species  is  distinjuislied  amont^  my  specimens  by  the  fi.;urc  of 
it.-*  flowers.  It  varies  much  in  pubescence  ;  some  specimciis  being 
villous  in  every  part,  a)id  others  almost  jjlabruus;  the  calyx  is  always 
liaii'v. 

(irow  s  in  f'aroliaa  and  Georgia.  Sent  from  St.  Mary's,  Georgia, 
by  Dr.  lialdwin.  , 

Flowers  Oval-Jloweved  ranicitm. 


Puhcscrnt  ;  panicle 
difTuscd,  somewhat  capil- 
laiy :  Howers  oval,  small ; 
leaves  nar'"0W  lanceo- 
late; sheaths  villous  at 
the  tln-nat. 


24.    LXNI'GINOSUM. 

P.  pubescens;  panicii- 
la  ditlusa,  subcapillari : 
Moribus  ovalil)us,  parvu- 
lis  ;  loliis  ansjusto-lance- 
olatis  ;  vaginis  collo  vil- 
losis.     E. 

I'orenr.ial.  Stem  1 — -2  feet  hinh,  pubescent,  imary.  Leareft  Inicar 
or  narrow-lanceolate,  acute, cloathed  with  short  down  :  slieutlis  sluntei' 
than  the  joints,  very  hairy  or  w(»olly  at  and  near  tiic  throat.  Faniclc 
exjMimlini;.      Flowers  small,  obovate,  nearly  round. 

'J'his  ib  an  intermediate  species  between  P.visciduni  and  P.  stri- 
S^osum,  smaller  than  the  former,  and  every  way  larger  thaii  the  lat- 
ter. The  peduncles,  which  are  hairy  in  the  I*.  strii;;osum,  are  smooth 
ID  this  species,  its  flowers  are  8car*;ely  lialf  as  larj;e  a>  those  ot  the  P. 
villosum,  to  which  it  has  in  habit  some  resemblance,  ami  smaller  than 
those  of  the  P.  multiltorum. 

Grow*  in  Georgia.     Sent  to  me  by  Dr.  Baldwin. 

lyuuUij-jaiuled  Pnnicnm. 


VlS(  IJ)T M.        E. 

P.  pubcntissimum,  ran- 
escen?,  viscidum  \  culnio 


Wliolc      plant      very 
downy,  hoarv,  glutinous ;. 


13* 


TRlANDRlA    DIGINIA. 


infra 

nodos 

annulalim 

glabro. 

E. 

Mich. 

l.p.  49. 

the  stem  Ijeneatli  each 
joint  marked  with  a 
smooth  ring. 


Root  perennial.  Stem  erect  and  decumbent,  2 — 4  feet  high,  branch- 
ing, viscid,  paiticularly  near  the  joints,  just  below  each  joint  a  rin^ 
a'.oiit  2  lines  wide,  appears  smootli,  though  it  is  not  entirely  so.  Leaves 
3 — 6  inches  long.  1 — 1+  inch  wide,  a  little  cordate,  very  soft,  fringed j 
sometimes  unduhite;  sheaths  v  scid.  Panicle  expanding.  Flow- 
ers  rather  distant,  obovate,  of  a  middling  size.  Calyx  "2  flowered, 
hermaphrodite  and  neuter,  pubescent.  Corolla,  valve  of  the  neutral 
flower  very  smal.     Auihem  and  Stigmas  purple. 

Grows  in  damp,  close  soils.     Stem  sometimes  perennial. 

Flowers  June.  Viscid  Panicum-. 


26,    DiCHOTOMUM. 

P.  procumbens ;  pani- 
cida  Kimpjid  ;  cidmo  sii- 
perne  dicliotomo  ;  ramu- 
lis  fascicidatis.     E. 


Procnrabent  ;  panicle 
simple  ;  stem  dichoto- 
moiis  above  ;  brandies' 
fasciculate. 


Sp.  pi.  l.p.  346. 

(  lay  ton,  p.  12.  No.  458. 

Root  perf'nnial.  Stem  somewhat  perennial,  2  feet  high,  geniculate, 
columnar,  hairy,  below  simple,  much  blanched  towards  the  summit. 
Leaves  1 — 3  incises  long,  2 — 4  lines  wide,  finely  serrulate,  flat,  cloath- 
ed  wit',  soft  dovvn,  und  hairy  ;  sheath  short  and  hairy  ;  stipules  beard#r 
ed.  Ptuiicles  suiSiW.  Tlorvcr s  smaW.  C«/^ar  2  flowered,  hermaphro- 
dite and  neuter.     Jinthers  and  Stigmas  purple. 

In -shaded  places  tliis  plant  is  almost  glabrous;  in  pastures  and 
exposed  situations  very  pubescent. 

Grows  in  pastures  and  woods.     Common. 

Flowers  June — October.         -  JIany-brtinched  Panicum* 


27.    Vll-LOSUM.       E* 

p.  villosum  ;  culmo  e- 
recto,  subramoso ;  pani- 
Cciia  paucifioia ;  florii)Us 
obovatis  ;  foliis  erectis, 
plajiis,  rii>;idis. 


Whole  plant  villous ; 
stem  erect, a  little  branch- 
ed ;  panicle  few  flowered  ; 
flowers  obovate  ;  leaves 
erect,  fiat,  iiii;id. 


Root  perennial.     Stem  erect,  1 — 2  feet  high,  slightly  geniculatey 
very  villous^  at  the  jonts.     Leaves  3 — 5  inches  long,  3—4  lines  wide 
flat,  erect,  finely  ,scrrulate,  hairy ;    sheaths  shorter  than  the  jf)int3; 


TRIANDRIA    niCYNIV. 


iS5 


sfipulcs  beardod.  Cnlijx  1  llt)\vi':e(l ;  ^cln">(''*  rallier  ohovato.  »•?«- 
titers  and  Stiixmns  dark  purple.  A't'ctaria  '2,  turbinate.  2  ck-ft  at  tiie 
sutniuit. 

Near  P.  dirlintomuiu.  Difters  in  lial>it  and  the  pf-riod  of  flnworins: ; 
the  inar::;in  of  t' »'  leavrs  somewhat  reflexi-d,  and  tlie  whole  pluiit 
cloatlipd  with  soft,  white  hair. 

Grftws  ill  damp  place-^.     Flourislics  through  the  winter. 

Flowers  April — May.  I'illnus  ranicum. 


28.   Spii.t:roc  \RroN. 

P.  folii-;  lineaii-laiicoo- 
latis,  luutissiinis,  hasi  va- 
,a;inisquc  ciliatis  ;  panicu- 
la  patentc  ;  fiorihiis  par- 
viilis  suhrotundis,  puljcs- 
centihus.      E. 


Leaves  linear-lanceo- 
late, vci-y  :ieui< ,  with  tlie 
hase  atul  sluuiili  ciliate  ; 
pmicle  expanding;:  ttt-w- 
ers  small,  nearly  round, 
pubescent. 


Perennial  Stem  \  2  18  inches  high,  terete,  ^labro.iS.  Leaven  n^^av- 
Iv  lanceolate,  very  acute,  sometimes  ac  min:ite,  i>;labrou«;.  a  litt'i» 
hcabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  (Vinued  at  the  ba^evith  longhair; 
the  lower  sheaths  much  lons^er  tiian  t'le  joints,  s(»'.netim.'S  villr^us  at 
bar^e  Panicle  expanding,  many  ilowered.  Calif.v  slightly  pubescent. 
Corolla  nearly  2;lobular.      Stigmaa  pale  purple. 

From  tiie  P.  pubescens,  to  whicli  tliis  plant  has  great  rescm. dance, 
it  difters  in  its  leaves,  which  are  coarser,  more  ri;;ul,  less  delicately 
nerved,  and  mucli  less  hairy.  Its  flowers  too  are  smaller,  and  more 
spherical.     Both  are  remarkable  for  their  pale  dehcate  ^'reen  colour. 

Grows  in  (ieorgia.     Dr.  Baldwin. 

Flowers  April.  Ruund-seeded  Panicum» 


S9.  PuBKSCRNS.     La  Marck. 


P.  eulnio  erecto  decuni- 
benleque.  glahcrri  no;  fo- 
liis,  vaginis,  tloribusqiic 
pilosis;  patiicula  gracili 
j)atente.     E. 

P.  pubescens  ?    Mich.  I.  p.  40. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  C — 18  indies  hi'zh,  rarely  branched 
2 — .5  inclies  Ion-:;,  5 — 5  lines  wide,  pale  iireen.  Hat,  ciliate.  I. 
almost  villous  ;  sheath  shorter  tl;an  tlie  joints:  sti]»ules  i)earded.  Ta 
///.r  C  Ilowered.  hermap!irodiie  and  nruter  :  ::lnmes  obovare.  Corolla^ 
glumes  of  tin*  hermaphrodite  dower,  a  little  shorter  than  ti  e  calyx:  of 
the  neutral  floret, twice  as  shoit.     Jlnthcrs  and  'lii^jmcs  dark  purple. 

Grows  in  damp,  sha«led  places,  flourishing  tlMouj;!!  the  wioter. 

Vlowers  Marcii — April.  Ifairif-leavcd  I*anii'iim. 


Stem  erect  an'l  decum- 
bent, very  glal»ri)U=!  ; 
leaves. slicatbs,  and  Mow- 
ers hairy  :  jianicle  slen- 
der, ex[)anding. 


Letiiys 
airs  so  It, 


135 


TRIANDRIV    DIGYNIA, 


30.  Strigosum.     Miilil. 

P.  paniculii  capillari, 
pateiite ;  pedunciilis  stiic- 
tis.  pilosis  ;    calycibus  a 


c'jtis,  ]?evibus  ;   foliorum 


Panicle  capillary,  ex* 
paneling ;  pcdLinclcs  strict, 
hairy  ;  calyx  acute, 
smooth  ;  slieatlis  of  the 
leaves  very  hirsute. 

Mich  r  1.  p.  47. 


vaginis  hirsutissimis. 

p.  capillare,     Walt.  p.  72. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  about  a  foot  high,  assurgent  anif  erect,  somc- 
time?  branched,  villous.  Leaves  2 — 4  inches  long,  3 — 4  lines  wide, 
sometimes  acuminate,  flat,  ciliate  and  villous;  sheaths  as  long  as  the 
joints,  sometimes  longer.  Panicle,  for  the  size  of  the  plant,  very 
large,  much  branched."  F/orwrs  small.  Calyje  2  flowered,  h.ermaphro- 
dlte  and  neuter  ;  glumes  obovate,  nearly  glabrous.  Corolla,  \a\\e  of 
the  neutral  floret  very  small.  Anthers  dark  purple.  Stig-mas  pale 
purple  ?    J\''ectc'.ries  2,  obcordate,  longer  than  the  germ. 

From  the  P.  pubesccns,  it  diiicrs  in  its  leaves,  which  are  wider  for 
their  length,  more  soft  and  villous:  in  its  panicle,  \^hich  is  much 
more  divided  :  in  its  flowers,  which  are  smaller  and  more  numerous. 

Grows  in  damp  soilsj  flourishing  through  the  winter. 

Flowers  April.  Huiri/ -stalked  Fanicum. 


31.  CiLiATUsr.     E. 

P.  culmo  decumbente;  I  Stem  decumbent  ; 
foliis  vaginisque  glabris,  leaves  and  slieath  gla- 
pulchre  ciliutis  ;  panicula  brous,  and  finely  ciliate  ; 
pauciflora,  patente.  E.  panicle  few  flowered,  ex- 
panding. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  4 — 10  inches  high,  terete,  smooth.  Leaves 
I — 2  inches  long,  4 — 6  lines  w  ide,  pale  green  :  sheaths  as  long  as  the 
joints ;  stipules  merely  a  lacerated  margin.  Calyx  2  flowered,  iier- 
maphrodite  and  neuter  ;  accessory  valve  ovate,  acute,  more  than  half 
the  length  of  the  proper  valves,  glabrous  ;  proper  valves  obovate,  }iu- 
bescent.  Corolla,  valve  of  the  neuter  floret  small.  JS/^ectaries  2,  ob- 
cordate, half  the  length  of  the  germ.  Anthers  and  stigmas  dark  pur- . 
pie. 

Grows  in  damp  soils,  flourishing  through  the  winter. 

Flowers  March — April.  Fringed  Fanicum, 


33.  En«i FOLIUM.     Bald. 

P.  parvulum,  glabrum ; 
foliis  ovato-lanceolatis  a- 
culissimis.     patentibus  3 


Plant  small,  glabrous ; 
leaves  ovate-lanceolate, 
very   acute,  expanding: 


TRIANDRTA    DTr.YNIA. 


127 


paiiiciila  ])arvii1a,  ])auci- 
ilora  ;  floriluis  siihovalis, 
puljcscciuibus.     E. 


panicle  small,  few  flower- 
ed :  flowers  somewliat 
ovate,  pubescent. 


IVrcnnial.  Stem  slender,  12 — 18  inches  hi2;I>.  naketl  near  tho  sum- 
mit, hutvi'f:  ovatu-lanceolate,  taperinj^f  to  an  acite  point,  ^lal)roiis  ; 
>'>eaf!is  short,  jr'jibrons.  I'anh'le  very  small.  Flotcers  small,  ovate  or 
oval,  slij^htly  pubescent. 

This  seems  to  ne  an  intornicdiatc  species  between  P.ciliatum,  and 
P.  nitiilum. 

(jh.ws  in  damp  soils,  flourishin«5  through  the  winter.  Georgia.  Dr. 
Balwiii. 

Flowers  April — May.  Sivord-lecvcd  Panicum, 


33.  Barbflatum.     Mich. 


Panicle  compound,  ex- 
pandiuG^ ;  leaves  ovate- 
lanceolate,  sliiijiitly  acu- 
minate, soincwhat  diva- 
ricate ;  joints  ol'  tlic  stem 
bearded. 


P.  panicula  composita, 
patcntc  ;  foiiis  ovato-lan- 
ceolatis,  paulo  aeuniina- 
tis,  subdivaricatis  ;  culmi 
nodis  barbatis.     E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  49, 

Rnot  perennial.  Stem  slender.  2;cncrally  erect,  sometimes  genicu- 
late, branching  near  the  base,  glabrous  except  at  the  joints.  Leaves 
•> — I  inches  lon'z,  glabrous,  not  channelled,  (Vcquently  undulate,  hori- 
zontal or  divaricate,  at  base,  contracted,  almost  cordate  ;  sheath  ;;Ia- 
brous,  with  the  exterior  n)ar;:in  and  throat  ciliate.  Flmcers  small. 
Calif.v  2  flowered,  hermaphrodite  and  neuter,  puliescent.  Corolla^ 
of  the  hermaphrodite  flower  as  large  as  the  calyx ;  of  the  neuter,  I 
\alved,  small,     .'hitftpr^  u.ni\  sti::;mas  \n\r])\e. 

Vaiies.  Stem  entirely  glabrous,  and  but  half  the  si/.c  of  the  plant 
described;  a  very  distinct  variety  yet  "es(Mnl)!ing  the  Rarbiilatuin 
perfectly  in  habit,  structure  of  t!ie  panicl'\  and  si/.e  of  the  Iliu\er.  This 
varietv  appears  to  be  the  P.  hetLroj)h\  Hum,  Schr. — laxiflorum,  La 
Marck. 

Glows  ill  damp  soils,  around  pine  barren  ponds.  Along  the  dams  of 
1  Ice  iields. 

Flowers  April — June,  perhaps  later.  Bearded  Panicum, 


34.  jMicrocarpox.     Mulil. 

P.    panicula    capillar!,  I       Panicle  capillary, nnirh 
lamosissiTTia. patcntc ;  flo-  I  divided,  expanding  j  flow. 


198 


TRIANDRTA    DICYNIA, 


ribus  ovaliinis,  minutis, 
glai'iis  ;  Ibliis  lineari-lan- 
ceolaris,  ^laheniinis.    E. 


ers  oval,  minute,  gla- 
l>rcus;  leaves  linear-lan- 
ceolate, very  glabrous 


stem  erect,  terete,  jilabrous,  villous  at  the  joints,  with  large  leaves 
t'.  t':e  base  of  the  panicle.  Lmvps  4  inciies  long,  4 — 5  lines  wide, 
fioeiv  serrulate,  very  acute,  generally  reflexe<i ;  sheatlis  shorter  than 
t'i\e  joints,  a  little  hairy  at  tl;e  tl.roat.  Caly.v  tinned  with  purple; 
accessoiv  valve  minute,  acute.     FIowpv^  oblona:.  jilahrous. 

Fr  ni  the  P.  nitidum,  thi:^  species  dift'eis  by  its  flowers,  which  are 
lar.'er,  ulabrous.  and  oblonu: :  froin  P.  barbulatuni,  which  it  strongly 
reseinijies.  it  differs  by  its  larger  panicles  and  leaves,  its  glabrou** 
floaer-;.  and  a  more  leafy  stem. 

Fioweis  imiall-jlowered  Pamcum^ 

35.  NiTTiH  M  ?    La  Marck. 


P.  ciii!i)o  gracili,  sub. 
ramoso,  I'Jabio  ;  Ibliis  li- 
neari-lanceolatis  ;  pani- 
cula  rarno^issinia,  capilla 
ri ;  floribus  obovatis,  mi- 
nutis.    E. 


Stem  slender,  sparing- 
ly branchicd,  glalorous  ; 
leaves  linear-lanceolate  ; 
panicle  very  much  divid- 
ed, cupiiLiry ;  flowers  o- 
bovate,  minute. 

liimt  perennial.  Stem  erect,  branching;  near  the  base, nearly  naked 
at  t'e  suniniit,  terete,  ivlaiTroiis.  Leaves  xery  acute,  sharply  serru- 
late, a  little  'Scabrous,  expanding,  sometimes  reflexed  :  sheaths  shorter 
than  the  joints,  open,  hairy  at  tl,c  throat.  Panicle  diffused,  each 
branch  much  divided  Irom  its  b;)se.  Flowers  slightly  obovate.  nearly 
spherical,  pubescent,  very  sinail  and  numerons.  Ccihj.x  purple,  the 
accessory  valve  very  minute,     ^iidhers  diwd  Stigmas  dark  purple. 

i-esenibles  P.  Oarl.Milatum  in  habit,  but  the  flowers  are  smaller,  more 
numerous,  and  the  joints  destitute  of  a  beard. 

iirows  in  close,  damp  soils. 

Flowers  April — May.  Smallest-jloivcred  Panicuij[. 


36.  IVIeltcarium.     IVIicli. 


P.  caule  del)ili  ;  foliis 
ana;ustis  ;  panicula  con- 
trarta ;  glumis  membra- 
naceis,  lanceolatis.  subse- 
qnalibus ;  rudimeiito  flos- 
culi  stipitato.  Pers.  1. 
p.  84. 

Mich.  l.p.  50. 


Stem  weak  ;  leaves 
narrow ;  panicle  contract- 
ed; e;lunKs  membranous, 
lanccidate,  nearly  equal ; 
rudiments  of  a  floret  on 
a  short  tbotsalk. 


TniANnniA  dtcyxia. 


4Si 


Very  glabrous.  leaves  lontj.  Panicle  slender,  lono;,  vith  few 
braiiclu'S  :  a  rudiiiietit  oT  a  neutral  llorct  fioni  the  base  of  tlie  lier- 
Maplir  ilite  tlowor.     Mich. 

Aiiioiiy;  (he  nianv  specimens  of  Panicmn  which  have  passed  under 
«i>y  inspection.  1  have  not  been  able  certainly  tu  dihtinguibli  this  bp»» 
rics.     1  insert  it  froni  >*icl'anx. 

Cirowd  in  Carolina  kiuI  Geor;iia.     Mich. 


Stem  weak,  decumbent, 
l)rancl)ing;,  and  with  the 
leaves  glabrous  ;  panicle 
difluse,  blender  ;  pedicels 
appressed,  generally  two 
flowered;  calyx  muiicate. 


37.  DnniLE.     E. 

V.  cuhuo  debili,  decum- 
bente,  ramose,  Ibliisque 
glabris  ;  panicula  giacili, 
diffusa ;  pedicellis  appres- 
sis,  pleruniquc  hifloris  ; 
ealycibus  muricaiis.      E. 

P.  rauiulosum  ?    Mich.  1.  p.  50. 

Jioot  perennial.  Stem  2 — 1  feet  long,  geniculate.  Leaves  6 — 8 
inches  long,  slightly  channelled,  serrulate  ;  sheaths  shorter  than  the 
joints,  contracted  and  hairy  at  tlie  throat,  fringed  along  tl;e  margin  ; 
♦itipules  very  short,  ciliate  and  lanceolate.  Valves  of  the  calyx  lance* 
olate,  glat'rous,  roughened  with  small  tubercles. 

Grows  in  damp,  rich,  shaded  soils.  Generally  decumbent,  reclining 
on  othei  plants,  with  long,  diffused,  straggling  panicles.  In  open 
ground,  it  is  sometimes  found  erect,  with  an  expaniling  panicle  of 
moderate  size  ;  but  its  slender  habit,  two  llowcrcd  peduncles,  ami 
roujjh  calyx  always  distinguish  it. 

Flowers  August — October.  Weak-stemmed  Pauicum, 


38.  AxcrsTirOLU  M.     E. 


P.  panicula  pauciflora, 
patent e  ;  tbliis  sparsis,  11- 
nean-lanccolatis,  subtus 
glabris.  parce  ciliatis.    E. 


Panicle  few  flowered, 
expanding;;  leaves  scat- 
tered, liFie*(ir-lanceolate, 
,i2;laI)rous  underneath,  spa- 
ringly ciliate. 

Stem  1 — 3  feet  high,  slender,  glabrous.  Leaves  4—8  inches  long, 
almost  linear,  fringed  witii  Ion:;  hair  near  the  base,  the  upper  surface 
slisihtlv  r(»u'j;hened  :  sheath  shorter  thaA  the  joints,  a  little  hairy. 
Ptinicle  small.  Flowers  solitary,  racemose,  pubescent,  sli«;,litly  obo« 
vale. 

1  insert  tliis  w  ith  some  hesitation,  vet  I  know  not  where  to  refer 
it.  Its  fruit  resembles  P.  pubescetis,  but  its  straggling  habit  and  linear 
Jea^es  separate  it  widely  from  that  bi>eci<:s. 

Grows  in  shadetl,  dry  soils. 

'Flowers  May  ?  ^"anow-Uaved  Panicuui. 


4S0 


TRIANDRIA    DIGYNIA. 


Cat. 

Stem  assurgent, fragile; 
panicle  diffuse ;  flowers 
small,  solitary,  on  very 
long  peduncles. 


S9.   DlVERGENS.      Mulil. 

P.  culmo  assurgente, 
fra2;ili ;  panicula  diffusa  ; 
florihus  parvulis,  solita- 
riis,  longissime  peduacu- 
latis.     E. 

Itoot  perennial.  Stem  abqiit  a  foot  high,  somewhat  geniculate  and( 
branchwl,  very  brittle.  Leaven  subulate,  "2 — 4  inches  long,  glabrous 
on  the  under  surface,  scabrous  on  the  upper,  serrulate  :  sheaths  gla- 
brous, longer  than  the  joints  ;  stipules  membranaceous.  FednncLes 
setaceous,  frequently  3 — 4  inches  long,  supporting  a  single  flower, 
sometimes  witli  one  or  two  branches,  tinj,ecl  with  purple,  scabrous. 
Caly.v  one  flowered  ;  accessory  valve  subulate  ;  proper  valves  lance- 
olate, slightly  ciliate.  Corolla  a  little  shorter  than  the  calyx.  Jin- 
thers  nearly  white.     Stigmas  purple. 

Grows  in  very  dry,  sandy  soils,  rare.  About  Beaufort.  Dr.  Tres- 
cott  found  it  also  near  Charleston. 

Flowers  June — August.  Long-peduncled  Panicum. 

In  a  genus  so  extensive  as  the  Panicum,  and  where,  as  in  the  last 
section,  so  strong  a  resemblance  prevails  in  l^&bit  and  in  the  structure 
of  the  panicle,  it  becomes  extremely  difficult  without  long  culture,  ta 
fix  the  limits  of  each  species,  and  to  mark  its  appropriate  character. 
A  change  of  soil  and  exposure,  will  produce  variations  in  a  plant 
which  may  deceive  the  most  cautious  observer  ;  and  even  in  species 
really  distinct,  the  eye  often  perceives  diiFerenccs  which  it  is  not  easy 
to  express. 

I  have  travelled  through  this  genus  with  more  labour  than  satis* 
faction,  although  deriving  "throuy;h  the  whole  of  it,  the  most  friendly 
and  valuable  aid  from  the  specim»ns  and  notes  of  Dr.  Baldwin. 
And  while  I  have  postponed  very  many  specimens  that  perhaps 
are  real  species,  I  have  probably  admittecl  some  tlat  are  only 
varieties.  I  have  been  unable  to  subdivide  the  last  section,  and  mark 
the  divisions  by  good  characters,  but  to  students  it  may  facilitate  the 
knowledge  of  this  genus,  to  throw  into  groups  the  species  that  are 
nearly  allied,  marking  after  the  manner  of  Salisbury,  (Trans.  Lin. 
Soc.  6.  p.  316',  by  stops,  the  degree  of  affinity.  The  seventh  section 
includes  those  that  are  independent  species,  and  have  no  close  con- 
nexion  with  each  other,  or  with  the  preceding  sections. 


1.  Lati folium, 
Nervosum  j 

St.  Amaru m  ; 
Virv.atum, 
Scabriusculum. 

3.  Multifforum  ; 
Ovale, 

Lanuginosum  j 
Jiicrocarpon. 


4.  Scoparium, 
Pauciflorum, 
Viscidum, 
Dichotomum; 

5.  Villosum ; 
Sphfierocarpon ; 
Pubescens, 
Strigosum, 
Ciliatum, 
Eusifoliuin  i 


Barbulatum^ 
Nitidum. 

Geniculatumlf 

Anceps. 

Hians. 

Debile. 

Divergens. 

Angustifolium. 


TRIANDRIA    DIOYNIA. 


iBi 


It  would  perhaps  not  be  incorrect  to  consider  with  Schreber  the 
goiuis  Paiiicum  as  iinirormly  fiossi'ssinu;  a  two  valved,  two  Hovvered 
calyx;  the  valves  ofilie  calyx  inif(|ual :  one  very  small  ;  one  of  the 
ilowers  honiiaphrodite,  the  other  masculine  or  neuter  ;  the  valve  of 
tin*  hermaph'itilite  flo\.er  cartilaginous  ;  tlie  iuti'rit>r  valve  of  ihe  neu- 
tral floret  generally  hn»all  and  membranous,  the  exterior  resembling; 
the  calyx. 

From  the  observations  in  Rees'  Cyclopsedia,  under  the  article  Pani- 
cuin,  it  appears  that  t!ie  mosteminent  Hotaiiists  in  Europe  are  adopting 
Schreber's  view  of  this  <>;eiuis.  It  may,  however,  yet  be  observed, 
that  tiie  valves  of  tlie  fertile  floret  are  invai  iably  carlila'zinous,  almost 
horny;  that  the  interior  valve  of  the  neutral  floret,  whether  small  or 
larjre,  is  thin,  membranous  and  very  tlelicate,  while  the  interior  or 
third  valve  ol  t!ie  calyx,  (as  usually  understood),  is  exactly  similar  in 
substance,  texture,  colour,  nerves,  and  pubescence  to  the  exterior 
valve.  In  considering  the  genus  as  two  flowered,  we  are  obliged  not 
oidy  to  view  the  flowers  as  dissimilar,  but  the  valves  of  the  steiile 
iioret  as  totally  uidike  each  otiier  in  structure  and  substance.  I  have 
therefore,  in  my  descriptions,  followed  the  arrangement  <d'  Linnreus, 
considering  the  calyx  as  tluee  valved,  and  tlie  valve  of  the  sterile 
floret  as  the  rudiment  of  an  imperfect  flower.  Amon<;  our  species  the 
P.  hians  alone  appears  to  corroborate  the  opinion  of  Schreber.  la 
that  species,  the  valve  of  the  neutral  floret  becomes  conspicuously 
large,  forming  a  distinct  floret  wit!>  the  inner  valve  of  the  caljX|  bu6 
containing  not  even  the  rudiment  of  a  stamen. 


DIGITAPJA. 


Spic^e  filiformes,  iiniia- 
tcriHora?.      C(il[j.r .  2-val 
vis,  uniflorus.   valvis  iii- 
fequalibus.       Corulla    2- 
valvis,  valvis  a?qualibus. 

1 .    S    NC.TJINALIS. 

T).  spicis  patcntibus  ; 
spiculis  bifloiis,  una  scs- 
siii  :  culmo  dcciimbcntc. 


Spikes  filiform,  bearing 
their  flowers  on  one  side, 
Califx  2  valved,  one  flow- 
ered, valves  unequal.  CO' 
rolla  2  valved,  valves  c- 
qual. 

Spikes  expanding;  ; 
spikclets  2  flowered,  ono 
sessile ;  stem  decwnibent, 
creeping. 


repente.     E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  45. 

Panicum  sanguinale,    Sp.  nl.  p.  34'^. 
Syntherisma  prsecox,    Walt.  p.  76. 
Clayton,  p.  1*2. 
Hoot  annual.     Slem  1 — 3  feet  long,  decumbent  and  assurgenf,  gcn» 
iculatc,  taking  root  readily  at  the  joints,'  terete,  smooth.      Lecvci 


i82 


TRIAXDRIA   DIGYNIA. 


4-T-18  inclieg  long;,  3 — 4  lines  wide,  hairy,  a  little  scabrous,  particuTar^ 
Iv  on  the  upper  surface,  the  margins  sometimes  undulate,  and  with 
the  s'leatis  tinged  with  purple;  sheaths  shorter  than  the  jotnts, hairy .^ 
Spikea  alternate,  opposite  and  fasciculate  ;  spikelets  in  two  rows. 
Rnchis  linear,  spikelets  alternate,  affixed  to  the  midrib.  Calyx  gla- 
brous;  exterior  valve  small,  interior  twice  as  large.  Corolla,  valves 
equal  to  the  interior  valve  of  the  calyx;  all  lanceolate.  Filaments  3.- 
^n*iiers  and  Stigmas  pale  purple. 

Grows  every  where  on  lands  not  inundated.  Well  known  to  plan* 
ters  under  the  nanie  of  crab  or  crop  grass.  It  is  the  most  troublesome 
grass  our  planters  have  to  encounter  in  high  ground  culture,  and 
though  an  annual,  it  is  the  best  grass  for  hay  at  present  known  in  our 
low  country. 

Flowers  througli  the  summer.         Furpl&JJigitaria, — Crab  Gvassr 


2.  Vjllosa.     Walt? 

D.  culnio  decumbente, 
dense  espspitoso ;  folio- 
rum  vaginis  villosissimis ; 
spiculis  trifl'ji'is  ;  floiibus 
peduDCulatis ;  calycis  vul- 
va exteiiore  minima.   E. 


Stem  decumbent,  form- 
ing tliick  tufts ;  sheatlis  of 
tlie  leaves  very  villous  ; 
spikelets  3  flowered ; 
flowers  all  on  footstalks ; 
exterior  valve  of  the  ca* 
lyx  ver^  small. 


D.  scroti na,    Mich.  1.  p.  46. 

Syntiierisina  villosa.'*    Walt.  p.  77, 

Root  perennial,  creeping.  Stem  12 — 18  inches  long,  columnar, 
hairv  at  the  joints,  geniculate,  decumbent,  covering  with  a  thick  car- 
pet the  ground  it  occupies.  Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  thin,  and  with 
the  sheatlis  very  villous.  Spiles  2 — 3  inches  long.  (  aly.v,  the  ex- 
terior valve  scarcely  one  fourth  the  size  of  the  interior,  pubescent, 
hairy  along  the  margin. 

Grows  generally  in  close  soils. 

Flowers  July — October.  Procumbent  Ligitariak 


3.    FlLlPORMlS. 

D.  culmo  erecto  ;  foliis 
subglabris  ;  spiculis  erec- 
tis,  tri^loris  ;  floribus  ped- 
i- ellatis  ;  calycis  vahis 
subsequalibus.     E. 

D.  pilosa  .?    Mich.  1.  p.  45. 
Syntherisjna  serotina  .^     Walt. 
Faziicum  filifurme  i    Sp.  pi.  1. 


Stem  erect;  leaves  some- 
what glabrous ;  spikelets 
erect,  3  flowered ;  flowers 
all  on  footstalks ;  valves 
of  tJie  calyx  nearly  equal* 

p.  7&. 
p.  3431 


rWlA^DlTlA    DTGYNTA. 


133 


Tloift  perennial  ?  Stem  1 — C  feet  lii:;li,  with  the  Irarts  and  snikea 
CriHt,  cuhniinar.  <;l;il)rniis.  Lruvi's  narrow,  laiiceolato,  x'lrulati',  u,la- 
bious  on  the  under  surface,  a  little  scahrous  and  hairv  on  the  iii'per  ; 
sheaths  hairy.  Sjiikrs  aWernatf,  '2 — S  inches  lon^,  filiftM  in,  spik.-k't* 
sometimes  '2  flowcrc  U  pedicels  uiie<|nal.  Ifnchi>i  a  little  Hexuous. 
Cali/.v  pubescent.     Jliithers  purple.     .*?//:;'m«s  bright  |)nrple. 

'Ihese  two  last  sprrics  have  been  confused  in  a  manner  I  cannot  ex^ 
plain:  I  have  therefore  deM'ribed  them  from  niv  own  obserTations,  and 
retained  tlienanie  which  appeared  most  appro|)riatr.  I  sl.all  onlv  reinark 
t!iat  thev  difT'r  much  in  habit;  the  1).  lilifonnis  is  erect  even  wiien 
cletachcd  from  other  plants,  D.villosa  cree[iin<;  and  decunbent  ;  the 
erect  cprcics  has  the  leave?  nearly  ^la!)rous,  and  the  valves  of  the 
calyx  nearly  eipial  ;  the  decumbent  is  distinguished  by  its  villuua 
sheath  and  une<iual  calyx. 

(irows  very  common  near  the  ocean,  in  poor  sandy  land,  whether 
moist  or  drv. 

Flowers  September — October.  Erect  Digitarla. 


4.  Dactylon. 

D .?  culino  rcpente  ; 
spicis  (liciitatis,  palcnlil)iis; 
lloribus  solitaiiis,  culycis 
valvis  subfo(iualil)us.     E. 


Stem  crecpinji: ;  spikes 
digitate, expanding,  flow- 
ers solitary  ;  valves  of 
the  calyx  nearly  equal. 


Panicnm  dactylon,     Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  CAZ. 
Cynodon  dactylon,    Pers.  1.  p.  35. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  prostrate,  cre^pin'j;.  perennial,  terete,  gla- 
brous, leaves  '2 — i  inches  lon*^,  2 — 3  lines  wide,  expandinij^,  some* 
what  distichous,  finely  serrulate,  sliv;htly  hairy, and  scabrous;  sheaths 
longer  than  the  joints,  hair}' ;  stipules  bearded.  <S/?fAv.s  p;enerally  4, 
sometinies  3,  termin  I.  expandin;^  from  a  common  centre,  2  inches 
lon«;.  Calif.r,  valves  lanceolate.  s(»nieuhat  carinate,  the  exterior  a 
little  shorter  than  the  int  sior.  .Antfiers  lii^ht:  HI i^^ ma ^  duvk  purple. 
JVectaripg  !2,  obovate,  white,  half  "lie  leni;-th  of  the  ^t'l'in. 

We  have  two  varieties  of  tliis  plant,  one  coarser  (perhaps  a  species) 
growing  in  damp  soils,  native  :  the  other  (U-scrib'-d  above,  said  to  be 
imported,  a  tender  delicate  j^rass.  p-r()\vini;  over  and  biridin;^  the  mo?t 
arid  ami  loose  lands  in  our  crtuutrv,  and  apparetijly  preferred  by- 
stock  of  all  descriptions  to  every  other  j^rass.  The  cultivation  of  tliisi 
grass  on  the  ])uor  and  extensive  sand  hills  of  our  middle  country 
would  probably  convert  them  into  sheep  walks  of  «>;reat  value:  but  it 
prows  in  every  soil,  and  no  sjrass  in  close  rich  land  is  more  formi- 
dable to  the  cultivator  ;  It  must  therefore  be  introduced  \\  ith  caution, 

(trows  common  in  the  low  country,  particularly  in  loo^e  soils. 

Flowers  through  the  uulUmer.  Bermuda  grass. 

The  plants  comprised  in  this  {jenus  have  usually  been  referred  to 
the  Panicum,  but  tiie  structure  of  t'teir  flowers  is  exactly  similai"  t<j 
Ihe  Atjrostis,  while  their  habit  irt  dihtinct  from  cither. 


234 


TRIANDRIA    Dl  GYNIA. 


AGROSTIS. 


Calyx  2-valvis,  iiniflo- 
rns.  corolla  paulo  minor. 
Stigmata  longiiudinaliter 
Lisj-'i  la. 

*  Aristafce 

i.    Ar    CHNOIDES.       E. 

A.  paiiicula  elongata, 
gracili ;  calycibus  corol- 
la vix  longioiibus ;  pe- 
talo  exteriore  dorso  aiis- 
tato  ;  arista  prselonga,  de- 
bil'.    E. 


Calyx  2  yalved,  i  flow, 
ered,  smaller  than  the 
corolla.  Stigmas  longi- 
tudinally hispid. 

*  Awned. 

Panicle  long,  slender; 
calyx  scarcely  longer 
than  the  corolla  ;  the  ex- 
terior petal  awned  on  the 
hack;  awn  very  Ion 
weak. 


05 


Boot  fibrous,  perennial,  ^tem  erect,  4 — 8  inches  high,  slender, 
glabrous.  Li'aves  linear,  1 — 2  inches  long,  slightly  scabrous  along 
tiie  margins;  sheath  as  long  as  the  joints  ;  stipule  membranous,  lace- 
rate ?  Panicle  lori'j;  fur  tlie  size  of  the  plant,  branches  capillary  ; 
va'ves  of  the  calyx  equal,  lanceolate,  acute,  the  keel  serrulate.  Ex- 
terior valve  of  the  corolla  lanceolate,  acute,  nearly  as  long  as  the  ca- 
lyx, bearing  on  the  bark,  above  the  muldle,  an  awn  5  or  6  times  its 
own  length,  and  so  weak  that  it  resembles  the  thread  of  a  spider's 
"web;  interior  valve  0,  or  merely  like  a  bristle?  Filament  one? 
very  short.  Jinthevs  ^wr^Xe .  «^f^/es  very  short.  A'ii^mcs  feathered, 
Avhite. 

From  specimens  collected  near  Orangeburgh,  by  Mr.  I-  S.  Rennett. 

Flowers  April — Mav.  fVeak-airned  Jigrostis. 

I  ould  discover  but  one  stamen  in  each  ilower.  This  species  ap- 
pears  to  connect  very  closely  the  Agrostis  and  Trichodium. 


2.  Tentuflora. 

A.  paniculai  simplicis- 
simse,  ramis  appressis  ; 
coi'ollis  aristatis ;  aiistis 
flore  longioribus.  Sp.  pi. 
1.  p.  3(54. 


Panicle  very  simple, 
with  the  branches  ap- 
pressed  ;  corolla  awned  ; 
awns  longer  than  the 
flowers. 


Uont  perennial.  Stem  decumbent,  branched,  terete,  slender, 
glabrous,  leafy.  Leaves  2 — 3  inches  long,  1 — 2  lines  wide,  flat,  sca- 
brous ;  slicuths  lon.er  than  the  joint ;  stipules  membranous,  lacerate. 
Calyx  2  valved,  valves  unequal,  acuminate,  compressed,  keels  sca» 


TRIANHRTV    DTGYNTA.  IS9 

bi  ous,  shorter  than  fhc  corulla.  »9u:n  of  the  corolla  twice  or  three  timet 
a>  l»»ii«j;  as  tlie  vulvo. 

Viotn  spoci'ueiis  brought  to  mc  from  Greenville,  S.  C.  by  Mr. 
^Inulins. 

Flow  ers  August— September  ? 

3.  Si:  II I  TEA. 

A.  paiiicula  laxa.  (lifTiisa,  |  Panicle  lax.  dififupo,  ca- 
cap'llacca  ;  calyd!)us  co-  [  pillaiy;  calyx  inudi  short- 
lolla  iDulto  hrcviorihus,  |  er  tliaii  the  coro'la,  awn- 
aristalLs ;  cnrollaj  valva  |  ed  :  exterior  valve  of  the 
cxteiiorc  aristata,  dcniuin  |  corolla  avviied,  by  age  two 
bipartita.     E.  j  paited. 

Stipa  sericea,     Mich.  1.  p.  54. 
Stipa  dift'usa?    Walt.  p.  78. 

Root  perennial,  forming  very  large  tufts.  Stem  erect,  2 — 3  feeft 
liigh,  slender,  columnar.  Leaves  ] — 2  feet  long,  subulate,  involute, 
glabrous,  glaucous  on  the  the  inner  surface  ;  sl'oatlis  glabrous  ;  sti- 
pules membranous.  Panicle  long,  expandintr.  Peduncles  1 — il  im' e» 
lonjj,  capillary,  purple.  Caly.vnwicU  shorter  than  the  c«»rolla  ;  valvei 
unequal,  awncd,  sometimes  ciliate,  purple.  Corulla  '2  \alv(.'(l:  t'<  ex- 
terior lanceolate,  concave,  glabrous,  ulien  olii  3  awneil :  tlie  latoi  al 
awns  as  Ion;:  as  the  valve:  the  intermediate  3  time><  as  lon^.  ;.U 
straight  and  closely  a|)pressed  ;  the  interi(»r  valve  a  lifth'  smaller, 
concave,  acute,  sometimes  incised,  botii  purple.  ^lutlier>  feat!iered. 
Stii^mas  brii;iit  purple. 

The  structure  of  the  corolla  in  this  flower  is  somewhat  remarkable. 
When  young,  the  exterior  valve  is  entire  and  simply  awned,  bv  a.e 
it  extends  and  at  tlse  same  time  splits,  so  that  it  ultimately  resemble* 
an  Aristida,  witli  straight  appressed  awns.  From  its  2  valved  cor(dIa, 
its  habit,  and  striking  atrinity  to  the  next  species,  I  have  placed  it  ia 
this  jjenus. 

This,  though  a  coarse  and  useless  grass,  is  a  very  beautiful  one. 
Upon  the  sea  islands  it  occipics  the  <iround  for  many  acies,  and^ifh 
its  bright  purple  llowers,  and  slender,  glossy  peduncles,  it  appear* 
%vhen  a;;itated  by  the  wind,  to  cover  the  earti*  witli  a  silken  caipet. 

Grows  abundantly  auion;;  the  saud  ridges  near  the  ocean.  •  Near 
Columbia.     Mr.  Herbemont. 

Flowers  September — October.  Silky  Jigrostis, 

4.  Tiuenoponns.      E. 

A.  pani«  iihi  ioni!:a,  dif-  |  Panicle  Ions;,  diffuse, 
fusa,  capillacea ;  corollje  1  capillary;  valves  ot  the 
valvibaL'qualibu5,extcriore  |  corolla  equal,  the  extcri- 


136 


TRIANBRIA  DIGYNTA. 


brevi-aristata  ;    foliis    li-  |  or   with    a    short   awn'^ 
nearil)iis,  plaiiis.     E.         |  leaves  linear,  fiat. 

Perennial  ?  Stem  2 — 3  feet  high,  glabrous,  columnar.  Leaves 
8 — 12  inches  long,  scarcely  I  line  wide,  Hat,  scabrous  :  sheath  gla- 
brous; stipules  long,  inemi)ranous.  Panicle  nearly  a.  foot  long,  dif- 
fused. Peduncles  long,  capillary,  Valves  of  the  cctbf.v  a  little  un- 
equal, half  as  long  as  the  corolla,  membranous.  E.i'terior  valve  of 
t'  e  corolla  terminated  by  a  short,  straight  ?.wn  ;  the  interior  some- 
times i  line  longer  tiian  the  exterior,  excluding  the  awn. 

A  coarse  rush-like  grass,  i;;rowing  in  sandy  woods  and  pastures, 
forming  detached  tufts.  If  the  flower  had  permitted,  I  should  have 
refered  the  A  juncea  of  Michaux  to  this  species. 

Found  in  Cliathani  county.  Georgia,  by  Dr.  Baldwin.  !Near  Charles<i- 
ton.    I  believe  it  is  very  common  in  poor,  dry  soils. 

Flowers  September — October.  IJair-jjanicled  J^ostis^ 


**  Muticce.  I 

5.  Decumbens.  Muhl. 
A.  ciilnio  deciimbente ; 
panicula  pyramidata ;  ra- 
in iilis  horizontaliter  pa- 
teiitibus,  confertifloris, 
semiverticillatis  ;  corolla 
diiiiidio  breviore. 


**  Without  awns. 
Cat. 

Stem  decumbent ;  pan- 
icle  pyramidal ;  branches 
semiverticillate,  horizon^ 
tally  expanding  ;  flowei-s 
crowded  ;  corolla  half 
the  length  of  the  calyx. 


falyce 
E. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  1 — 2  feet  higli,  geniculate,  tailing  root 
at  the  joints,  branching,  terete,  glabrous.  Leaves  3 — 4  inches 
l(i!i,j>:,  4  iines  wide,  flat,  a  little  scabrous,  slightly  glaucous ;  stipules 
ovate,  membranous,  several  branches  grow  from  each  joint  or  bud  of 
the  ..auicle,  giving  it  a  verticillate  appearance.  Calyx,  vah  es  acute, 
concave,  not  keeled  ;  the  exterior  a  little  larger.  Corolla,  about  half 
as  long  as  the  calyx  ;  valves  lanceolate,  acute  ;  the  exterior  somewhat 
larger.     Filaments  5.     Jnthers  and  Si Ig^mas  white. 

Grows  around  Charleston  ;  rare,  perhaps  imported.  I  should  have 
referred  it  to  A.  dispar,  Mich,  but  its  size,  and  the  almost  equal  valves 
of  the'corolla  forbade. 

Flowers  May — June.  Decumbent  Jlgrostis. 


6.  DispAR.     Mich. 

A.  erecta,  majuscida  ; 
panicula  laxa,  subverticil- 
latiin  pyramidata,  multi- 
flora^  glumse  mutic£e  val- 


Erect,  large  ;  panicle 
loose,  somewhat  verticil- 
late  and  pyramidal,  many 
flowered  j  of  the  unawn- 


TRIANDRIA    DIOYNIA. 


<87 


vis  extcrioril)us  multo 
inajoiihus;  iiitciiorurn  al- 
tera  iniiiinia.      Mich.    i. 

p.   D<3. 


ctl  spumes  the  exterior 
valve  imich  the  largest; 
one  of  the  uiierior  very 
small. 


With  this  sppcies  I  am  unacquainti'H. 
Gn)\\s  in  the  low  country  of  Carolina. 
Flowers 


Mich* 


Panicle  loose ;  calylJ: 
unawnctl,  equal ;  stem 
creeping. 


7.  Alba. 

A.  panicula  laxa;  caly- 
cilnis  niuticis,{Equalil)us  ; 
cuhno  repente.  Sp.  pi. 
1.  J).  371. 

Iluut  crccpino;,  perennial.  Stem  geniculate  and  assurgent,  t — 2 
feet  liigii,  terete,  glabrous.  Leaves  2 — j  inches  long,  1 — 3  lines 
wide,  a  little  scabrous  :  sheaths  shorter  than  the  joints  ;  stipules  ovate, 
membranous.  Panicle  expanding  ;  branches  solitary,  by  pairs,  and 
verticillate  ;  riowers  somewhat  crowded  near  their  summits.  Calyx, 
valves  nearly  equal  ;  the  exterior  rather  longer,  acute,  compressed, 
scabrous,  the  keel  ciliate,  wlien  flowering  expanded.  Corolla^  the 
exterior  valve  lanceolate,  concave,  shorter  than  the  calyx  ;  the  inte- 
rior much  smaller,  Hat,  lanceolate.  Anthers  yellowish.  Stigniad 
white. 

Grows  in  damp  soils.     If  originally  imported,  now  much  diffused. 
Flowers  May — August.  tyfiite-Jlowered  A^rostis. 


8.  JuNCEA  ?     Mich. 

A.  foliis  linearibus,  con- 
volutis ;  panicula  oi)longa, 
pyramidata ;  ramis  ver- 
licillatis.     E. 


Leaves  linear,  convo- 
lute; panicle  ohlonf*;,  pyi'a- 
niidai ;  branches  verticil- 
late. 


A.  juncea,     Mich.  1.  p.  51. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  1 — 2  feet  high,  erect,  slender,  co'umnar, 
glabrous.  Leaves  2 — 6  inches  long,  1  line  wide,  glabrous,  concave, 
convolute  when  <!ry,  a  little  irlaucoiis  on  the  upper  surface,  margins 
roughened  ;  sheaths  much  shorter  tiian  the  joints  ;  stipules,  a  membra- 
nous margin.  J'anicle  verticillate  ;  branches  in  each  whorl  about  G. 
Cahjx  purple  ;  valve  lanceolate,  acute,  ulabrous  ;  the  exterior  only 
half  as  long  as  the  interior.  Corolla,  valves  nearly  equal,  and  as  long 
as  the  interior  valve  of  tlie  calyx.  Anthers  and  6tigma6  a':av\y  ^vhitc, 
J\'*ectari€s  2,  obovate. 


l^g 


TRIANDRIA   DIGYN1A» 


The  leaves  of  tliis  plant,  and  its  size,  which  is  uniforiTi,  scarcely  a^* 
cord  witii  Michaux's  description  of  the  A.  juncea;  but  t:'e  flowers 
asree  so  exactly  that  I  have  adopted  his  name.  I  would  have  pre- 
ferred verticitlata,  as  its  branches  are  more  res^ularly  verticillate  thaa 
in  anv  other  jjrass  with  which  I  am  acquainted. 

Grows  in  dry,  sandy,  pine  barrens.     Common. 

Flowers  May — August. 


Rush-like  Jgrostis: 


9.  Clanoestina.     Muhl.  Cat. 


Stem  erect ;  panicles 
appressed,  termijial  and 
axillary ;  corolla  hairy. 


A.  cuhno  erecto  ;  pan- 
iculis  appressis,  terniinal- 
i'xis  axillaribusqiie ;  co- 
rolla pilosa.     E. 

Root  perennial  ?  it^m  3 — 4  feet  hi;^h,  terete,  glabrous.  ^  Leaves  a- 
bout  1  foot  lon^.  2 — 3  lines  wide,  scabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  gla- 
brous on  the  under,  the  marj;ins  sharply  serrulate  ;  sheaths  shorter  than 
the  joints,  hairy  at  the  throat.  The  lateral  jmnicles  scarcely  extend 
out  of  their  sheaths.  Caly.v,  valves  acute,  entire,  glabrous,  somewliat 
keeled, the  keels  finely  seiruiate  ;  exterior  valve  not  half  the  length  of 
the  corolla;  interior  a  little  lon^!;er  t!ian  the  exterior.  Corolla,  exte-' 
rior  valve  acute,  keeled,  the  keel  serrulate  ;  tlie  interior  valve  muck 
lo'i^er,  conv(dute,  the  point  elongate  and  scabrous;  both  hairy,  ^in--' 
i/iprs  and  Stigmas  white. 

Grows  in  dry,  sandy  soils.     Commoii  about  Beaufort. 

Flowers  September — October.  Secret-fiowering  Jgrostis^t 


Panicle  contracted,  im- 
awiied  ;  racemes  lateral 
erect,  alternate. 


10.     T\Dic\. 

A.  panicula  contracta, 
inutica ;  raceniis  lutrndi- 
hus,  erectis,  alternis. 
Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  375. 

Walt.  p.  77. 
Mich.  1.  p.  52. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  2 — 3  feet  high,  erect,  terete,  glabrous. 
Leaves  12 — 18  inches  long,  1 — 2  lines  wide,  attenuated  to  a  thread, 
erect,  very  glabrous,  with  the  margins  finely  serrulate,  when  dry  in- 
volute: slieaths  sliorter  than  the  joints,  glabrous.  Racemes  alternate, 
and  aggregate.  Caly.v  2  valv-,  d  ;  valves  unequal,  the  exteiior  larger  ; 
both  lanceolate,  acute.  Corolla,  valves  twice  as  lonj*-  as  the  calyx  ; 
the  exterior  valve  acute  ;  the  interior  rather  shorter,  emarginate.  An- 
thers  purple.       'tigmas  white. 

Grows  in  pastures  and  about  buildings  Is  supposed  to  mark  ricli 
soils.     A  fine  pasture  -rass  ;  too  slouder  for  the  scythe. 

Flowers  July — November,  iniHan  Jlgrosfis, 

Black'Seed  grass. 


TRIANDRIA    DIGYXIi, 


439 


Panicle  contracted,  un- 
awiK'd  ;  leaves  sul)ulale, 
invuiiitc,  rigid,  expanding. 


1 1.  VinciNicA. 

A.  paniiida  eontracta. 
inulica  ;  foliis  involulo- 
siil)ulatis,  i'j;iilis.  exstanti- 
bus.     8[).  |)1.  1.  p.  .Co. 

AValt.  p.  77, 

Jtnot  ciceplnsr*  jointed,  perennial,  '^tcm.  G— 8  inches  lujrVi,  assur- 
Ijeul,  terete,  _,la!jrt)us  ;  t'le  lower  join's  very  ^Imrt.  Leaven  somewhat 
ili>lichou«;,  about  -Z  iiuhes  lonir,  very  entire,  ^lahrous  on  the  under 
surlace,  a  little  scabrou-^  on  the  upper,  and  somewhat  ;^lauious  ; 
sheaths  loniier  than  the  joints,  ciliate  at  the  throat.  Panicle  com- 
pound, anpressed,  reseniblini;;  a  spike.  Caly.w  tlie  exterior  valve  half 
tin;  length  of  the  corolla,  acute,  ciunpressed,  keeled  :  the  interior  sim- 
ilar, and  a  little  lartrer  t'lan  the  corolla.  (  nruUa^  valves  nearly  ecjual, 
compressed,  but  not  keeled:  the  exterior  acute,  somewhat  mucionute; 
iiie  interior  obtuse.     Anthers  and  Stigmaa  wliite.     Myles  short. 

Gro\\>,  on  the  sands  inundated  by  salt  water. 
J^'Jowers  August — September.  Virginian  »]grosti!{^ 


STIPV. 


Cahix  2  valvcd.  one 
floweied.  Corolla  short- 
er, 2  valvcd.  Jlwn  fer- 
niinal,  contorted  at  base, 
deciduous,  very  long. 

Awns  naked;  calyx  as 
long  as  llie  seed. 


Calf  IT  2-valvi?,  iinifl(!- 
rus.  Corolla  brevior,  il- 
vahis.  Arista  to  minalis, 
basi  contorta,  decidua, 
lons!;issinia. 

1.    AVKiNACEA. 

S.  arlstis  nudis;  calyei- 

bus    semen    aiquaulibus. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  44' J. 

Walt.  p.  77. 
Clayt.  p.  15,  No.  6C1. 
Stipa  barbata,     Mich.  I.  p.  5H. 

lloot  perennial.  Stem  tl — .3  feet  liifrli, erect,  terete,  jjlabrous.  /v€«iy?> 
th«'  lower  ones  4 — G  inches  lonp;,  the  upper  1 — '2,  scarcrlv  one  line 
wide.  p;labrous  underneath,  scabrous  on  t'le  upper  surface  ;  nerves 
jx'llucid  ;  shoatJis  shorter  than  the  joints;  ^tip^lle^  m<Mnl)ranous,en>ar- 
ginate.  Panicle  jJiftusc,  few  tlowered  :  branches  .5 — 7  inches  lonur, 
5 — 3  from  each  bud.  Peduncles  1 — 3  inches  louij.  Valves  of  the 
cahfx  nearly  e(jua!,  memi)ranou(i.  concave,  acuminate,  j;labrous,  with- 
out  nerves,  but  faintly  marke<l  with  the  midril),  the  point  sometime"* 
e\tpnded  to  an  awn.    Corolla  bti[>itatv';lhc  stipe  cloathcd  with  a  shorts 


140 


TRIANT)RTA   DIGYNIA. 


thick,  rufons  beard  ;  valves  equal,  rigid,  rufous,  a  little  sliorter  than 
tlie  calyx ;  tlie  exterior  concave,  obscurely  3  nerved,  terminating  in  3 
long,  spirally  contorted  awn,  scabrous  and  bearded  with  short  hairs 
at  the  base*5  the  interior  abruptly  acuminate,  terminating  in  a  short 
awn.  Filaments  3,  short.  Jinthers  yellow.  Styles  short,  stigmas 
plumose,  white.  J\'ectaries  lanceolate,  acute,  as  long  as  the  styles. 
i:eed  cylindrical. 

Grows  in  rich,  shaded  highlands;  flourishing  through  the  winter. 

Flowers  IVlarch — May. 

Notwithstanding  the  awn  in  this  plant  is  slightly  bearded  at  base^ 
and  the  calyx  is  rather  longer  than  the  corolla,  I  still  believe  it  to  be 
tlie  original  species  of  Clayton. 


2.  Strict  A.     LaMarck. 

S    panicula    elongata,  | 
ariTUstata ;  pedunculis  aiv 
ticiilatis,  strictissimis  ;  a- 
ai  istis  nudis,  subflexuosis. 
La  M. 


Panicle  long,  narrow ; 
peduncles  jointed,  very 
straight  ;  awns  naked^ 
somewhat  flexuous* 


Enc.  Met.  1.  p.  153. 
This  plant  nas  the  aspect  of  an  Andropogon. 
Collected  in  Carolina,  by  Mr.  Fraser. 


La  Mark, 


3.  Capilljvris.     La  Marck. 
S.  panicula  capillacea,  I     Panicle  capillary,  spreads 
effusa  ;     calyce    corolla  |  ing ;    corolla  three  times 


triplo 
nudis. 


breviore 
LaM. 


aristis 


as   long    as   the   calyx 
aA^ns  naked. 


Collected  in  Carolina,  by  Mr.  Fraser. 

or  these  two  species,  inserted  from  La  Marck,  I  have  no  correct 
knowledge.  The  last  seems  to  resemble  the  S.  sericea  of  Mich. 
(A-rostis  sericea  of  this  work).  I  have  seen  in  this  country  no  grass 
tliat  appears  to  be  a  real  congener  of  the  S.  avenacea. 


ARISTIDA. 


Calyx  bivalvis.  Corol- 
la 2-val\  is;  valva  interiore 
minima,  extcriore  aristis 
tribus  terminalibus. 


Calyx  2  valved.  Co- 
rolla two  valved  ;  the  in. 
terior  valve  very  small, 
the  exterior  with  3  ter- 
minal awns. 


TRI\N1>RTA    DIGYNIA. 


141 


i,  SpiriFORMis.      K. 

A.  fl;»nbiis  confrtis. 
fiihspiratis  :  arista  intcr- 
iiicilia  l)asi  \ill()sa. 


Flowrrs  crow  led.  sonic- 
wliat  spiked  :  die  middle 
uwn  villous  at  l)ase. 


Root  perennial.  Stem  1 — 3  feet  high,  simple,  slij^litlv  compressefl. 
Leavfn  littear,  }rlal)roiis.  the  upper  snrtace  and  nla^^ins  scal)i(jus ; 
sheaths  shiirter  tlian  tl>e  joints,  \\  ith  the  throat  i^laljnms.  Floirers  in 
compound  racemes,  so  much  a[tpressed  as  to  resemhU*  a  cvlindriral 
spike.  fall/A'  much  shorter  tlian  the  corolhi.  sli::htlv  compressed, 
both  valves  terminating  in  awns.  Corolla^  exterior  valve  involute, 
terminating:  in  5  awns,  about  as  lon<i  as  the  valve;  the  internie'liate 
awn  longest,  and  sli^htlv  villous  at  base;  inner  valve  .''  very  short, 
membranous.  Filaments  short.  Jlnthers  purple.  Styles  short.  Sti"* 
7»i^<  plumose,  purple. 

Grows  in  wet  pine  barrens. 

Flowers  September — t)ctober.  Spike -floweved  Aristida. 

All  the  species  of  this  genus  grow  in  poor,  sandy  soils,  and  form 
tufts  of  dry,  coarse  grass. 


Stem  setaroou'5,  erc^t, 
so'iiewhat  dicliotomous ; 
calvx  lon2;er  than  the  co- 
rolla; tlic  lateral  awns 
very  short,  the  interme- 
diate longer,  contorted. 


2.  DirnoTOMA.     Mich. 

A.  culmis  setaceis,  erec- 
tis. subdichotomis;  calycis 
valvis  corolla  lon2;iori- 
biis  ;  aristis  latcralil)iis. 
brevissimis,  intermedia 
longiore,  contorta.     E. 

Mich.  1.  p.      . 

Tlnnt  perennial,  cespitose.  Stem  8 — 13  inches  hiiih,  very  slender, 
ri^id,  columnar,  sjlabrou*,  branching:;.  leaves  2—4  inches  lonj, 
scarcely  exceadine;  1  line  in  breatith,  flat,  finelv  serrulate ;  sheath* 
much  shorter  tlian  the  joints  :  sti])ules  short,  membranous.  Flowers 
in  racemes,  irenerally  simple  :  a  raceme  is  frefpientlv  produced  at  every 
joint.  Valves  of  the  cali/.v  lonj^er  than  the  condia,  narrow,  laiiceo- 
lat»*,  terminating  in  short  awn-s,  particularly  the  inner  valve  ;  keel 
serrulate.  Corolla  involute,  terminating  in  3  awns  :  the  2  lateral  ones 
short,  straiijbt;  the  intermetliate  larger,  longer,  but  not  as  long  as  tiie 
corolla,  contorted  and  bent  h(»rizontally. 

This  plant  is  not  properly  dichotomous;  it  merely  produces  a  short 
branch  at  everv  joint. 

Grows  in  the  upper  districts  of  Soutli-Carolina. 

Flowers  Branchiuz  Aristida. 


442 


TRIANDRTA   DIGYNIA* 


3.  Gracilis.     E. 

A.  culnio  2;racili  ;  flo- 
rihiis  spicatis ;  spiculis 
piucifloiis,  subremotis. 
appressis :  aristis  lateral- 
ihus  brevihits,  ei'ectis,  i  .- 
tt'i mexlia  longiore,  paten- 
te.     E. 


Stem  very  slender  ; 
flowers  in  spikes  :  spike- 
lets  few  flowered,  some- 
what remote,  appressed  ; 
the  lateral  awns  short, 
ereet,  tlie  intennediate 
longer,  expanding. 


Perennial  ?  Stpvi  about  a  foot  hyi,  very  slender,  branching  near 
tie  base,  and  with  t'  e  whole  plant  jilabrous.  Leaves  linear,  flat,  1 — 4 
or  5  inches  long,  scarcely  a  line  wide,  a  little  scabrous:  sheaths 
shorter  than  the  joints.  '^Flowers  in  a  loni;  spike;  spikelets  2 — 5 
flowered,  clo-eiy  appressed,  n;)t  crowded  on  the  spike.  Valves  of  the 
cnbjx  very  acute,  a  little  unequal,  about  as  long  as  the  corolla.  Ex- 
terior valve  of  the  cvrolla  involute,  tranvcrsely  banded,  terminating; 
in  3  awns  :  the  two  latei  al  erect,  straight,  s'lorter  than  the  valve  ;  the 
intermediate  longer  than  the  corolla,  bent  almost  horizontally,  but  not 
contorted,  hairy  at  the  base;  interior  valve  wanting,  or  very  minute; 
keel  of  the  calyx  and  orolla,  and  the  awn  very  scabrous,  stamens  S. 
Anthers  purple,     ^fijinnas  white.     Sti/les  very  short. 

The  corol'a  in  the  plants  I  have  seen,  is  so  curiously  banded  with 
light  and  dark  grey  spots  not  unlike  the  body  and  legs  of  a  musquito, 
that  if  I  had  supposed  tlieni  invariable,  I  should  have  called  the  species 
Jasciata.  From  the  preceding  species,  it  difters  by  a  longer  corolla  and 
awns,  and  the  intermediate  awn  not  contorted  ;  from  the  succeeding, 
by  a  much  more  slender  habit,  and  smaller  flowers,  and  in  the  awns, 
whicii  in  the  A.  stiicta,  are  all  longer  than  the  corolla,  and  expanding. 

Grows  in  the  vicinity  of  Charleston.     Common. 

Flowers  September —October,  Slender  Jiristida, 


4.  Strtcta.     Mich. 

A.  panicula  erecta,  ap- 
pressa ;  fl(>ril>us  racemo- 
sis  :  aristis  patentibus,  co- 
rolla d  is  plo  Fongioribus.  E. 

?..ich.  1.  p.      . 

A.  adscensionis,     Walt,  p 


74. 


Panicle  erect,  appress- 
ed ;  flowers  in  racemes  j 
awns  expanding,  twice  as 
long  as  the  corolla. 


Hoot  perennial,  cespitose.  Stem  2 — 3  feet  liigh,  compressed,  gla- 
brous, branching  at  base,  tiie  lower  joints  very  short.  Leaves  neaily 
a  foot  long,  1—2  lines  wide,  glabrous,  with  the  margins  finely  serru- 
late ;  sheaths  longer  than  the  joints ;  throat  slightly  contracted  and 
ciliate,  with  short  hairs.  Panicle  long,  flowers  not  cro\\ded 
on  the  branches.  Peduncles  1 — 3  lines  long,  scabrous.  One  valve 
of  tlie  calyx  longer,  the  fithei  shorter  t'lan  the  corolla;  both  narrow 
very  acute,  keeled  ;  the  keels  finely  scirulate.    Exterior  valve  of  the 


TRTANDniA    DTGYSlA. 


MJI 


fontUtt  inrolutc,  liairy  at  tho  base.  Aun$  8ral)ron<*;  th*  intermediate 
"t>!ic  tiie  lon_,est,  but  all  twice  as  \wvx  as  the  C(»rolla  :  tlie  two  lateral 
ones  nearly  divaricate.  Jiiithers  dark  purple.  Stigmas  plumose, 
vliite.     .SV.r/ olHoni;. . 

(irows  ill  poor,  sandy  soils      Very  common. 

Flowers  September — October.  Long-aicncd  Aristida* 


iH.  Lanosa.     Mulil.  Cat. 

A.  panicnla  crccta,  ap-  Panicle  erect,  appress- 
piTSsa  ;  fl()iii)iis  raccino-  cd  ;  flowers  in  racemes; 
sis  ;  calyce  corolla  li)ii«2;i-  calyx  longer  tlian  the  co- 
orc  ;  vaginis  iblioruni  la-  rolla;  sheaths  ol"  the  leaves 
natis.     E.  woolly. 

Root  p/crcnnial,  cespltosc.  Stem  2 — 4  feet  high,  terete,  hairy 
"near  the  base,  glabrous  towards  the  summit.  Lfuvcs  about  a  foot 
loui,  2 — 3  lines  wide,  nearly  ;j;labrous  underncatii,  tlie  upper  surface 
hairy,  and  witli  the  ma'-;;ins  scabrous;  slieaths  longer  than  t'le  joints, 
covered  with  a  tomcutum  that  appears  parasitical.  Uraiici'ies  of  tha 
panicle  w oolly  at  ba^e.  Valves  of  the  cali/v  very  acute,  v labrous,  com- 
pressed, keel  finely  serrulate  ;  the  exterior  valve  much  longer  than 
the  corolla  ;  the  interior  generally  longer,  sometimes  of  the  same 
length.  Corolla  '2?  valve.d  :  exterior  valve  involute,  a  little  hairy 
at  base  ;  awns  expanding,  as  long  as  tlie  corolla,  the  intermediate 
somewhat  the  lonj;est;  interior  valve  very  small,  ovate.  Hat,  greenish 
^'ectaries  2,  ohovatc.  JhUhers  very  long,  dark  purple.  '>Sti"'mas 
plumose,  dark  purple. 

In  habit  very  similar  to  the  preceding,  from  which  it  differs  in 
size,  being  every  way  larger,  in  tl-e  proportionally  longer  calvx, 
shorter  awns,  ami  t  .e  woolly  do'.vn  witli  which  the  greater  pa<t  oi 
t!ie  plant  is  covered. 


ANDROPOGOV. 


/Vo/r-b' polyj^ami,  geni- 
inati;  altero  hennaphro- 
(lito,  sessili ;  altero  mas- 
culo  s.  rariiH  neutro.  ped- 
icillato,  mutico.    Pers. 


ffowers  j)oly2;amons, 
hy  pairs  ;  one  hermaph- 
rodite, sessile ;  the  other 
n;ale.  or  more  rarely  neu- 
tral, on  an  unawned  ped- 
icel. 


•  Perhaps  all  the  species  of  this  i;''cn«s  harp,  if  closely  examined,  a  small 
Intf nor  v;iivc  as  lou^j  as  llie  germ,  whiclt  it  ass.stn  m  coYcring. 


44* 


TBIANDRIA    DIGYNFA. 


Hi'rm.  Calyx,  glume 
one  flowered.  Corolla^ 
g;lunie  avvned  at  base  or 
at  the  summit.  Sta^ 
inensS  Styles  2.  Seed  i, 
Masc.  Calyx  and  corolla 


Herm.  Calyx,  ^luma, 
l-floius.  Corolla  ^luma 
basi  vel  apice  aristata. 
Stamina  3.  Styli  2.  Se- 
men \. 

Masc.  Cal,  et  Cor. 
piioi'is.     Stamina  3. 

*  Species  dubice,  habi- 
tu  diver  see, 

1.    ClLIATUS.       E. 

A.  panicula  ohlonga,  ter- 
iijinali ;  ramulis  glabris  ; 
fli)ribus  geminis;  calyci- 
bus  hirsutis  ;  corolla  cili- 
ata,  arista  coiitoi  ta.*     E. 

Root  perennial,  ^tem  erect,  sometimes  decumbent,  3 — 4  feet 
high,  terete,  ,i!;labrous,  [jubescent  at  the  joints.  Leaves  1 — 2  feet  long, 
5 — 7  lines  wide,  scabrous  somewhat  ri^id,  a  little  hairy  ;  sheaths  gen- 
erally longer  than  the  joints,  glal)rous,  contracted,  and  naked  at  the 
throat :  stipules  n)enibranous,  entire,  not  hairy.  Panicle  naked,  some- 
what expanding,  with  several  branches  from  each  bud.  Flowers  her- 
maphrodite and  neuter;  to  the  terminal  flower  are  generally  attached 
two  neutral  florets.  Pedicels  hairy.  6'a/?/.r,  the  exterior  valve  lance- 
olate, nearly  flat,  9 — 11  nerved;  the  interior  a  little  triquetrous, 
equal,  5  nerved;  both  hairy,  fringed  and  minutely  biiid  at  tiie  sum- 
mit. Corolla^  valves  unequal,  smaller  than  the  calyx,  ciliate ;  the  ex- 
terior larger,  lanceolate,  fiat,  with  the  margins  ini!exed  ;  t!ie  interior 
concave,  terminating  in  a  twisted  awn  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx. 
l<'itame.nfs  shorter  than  the  calyx.  Anthers  yellow.  Styles  scarcely 
as  long  as  the  stamens      Stigmas  feathered,  yellowish.     'Seed  oblong. 

Found  in  the  dry  pine  barrens  on  Port  Royal. 

Flowers  September.  Fringed  Jlndropogon. 


like  the    former.       Sta- 
mens 3. 

^  Species  doubtful^   of 
distinct  habits. 

Panicle  oblong,  termi- 
nal ;  branches  glabrous ; 
flowers  in  paii's ;  calyx 
hairy;  corolla  ciliate,  with 
a  contorted  awn. 


2.    NUTVNS. 

A.  par.icula  ramosa,nu- 
tante  ;  floribus  geminatis, 
aristatis;  calycibus  hirsu- 


Panicle  branching,  nod- 
ding ;  flowers  by  pairs, 
avvned,   with    the    calyx 


*  1  retrret  that  I  did  not  arrange  the  Erianlhiis  immediately  before  this  i^enus. 
The  number  of  Stamens  is  too  variable  amone;'  the  Andropot^ons  to  form  a  p^'enenc 
character,  and  this  species  too  nearly  allied  to  the  E.  contortus  to  be  separated 
from  it  ;  yet  wlnle  it  has  the  awn  and  habit  of  the  Erianthus,  it  is  distingiushed 
by  its  neutral  florets,  ai\d  the  want  of  a  hairy  iiivolucrum. 


TUIVNDRIA    niGVNIA.  14fi 

1is;licrmapbro(Iitoscssili.  I  liairv  ;  the  hcnnapliro- 
m  jsculo  pcdicc'lluto,  ca-  I  ditt*  sessile,  the  male  on 
duco.      Sj).  pi.  i.  p.  i)OG.  I  11  podicel,  caducous. 

A.  av«'nacomn  ?   Midi.  1.  p.  53. 
Stipa  villusa  ?    Walt.  p.  78. 

Hoot  poriMiiiial.  'Sirm  erect,  3 — G  feet  !iif!;li,  terete,  c;l.'i'>rous.  wiili 
tin-  lower  joints  thickened,  uml  sometimes  prodiiciii;^  roots.  Leni.cs 
I — \I  foot  Ion::,  3 — 4  lirits  wide,  scabrous;  sheaths  Ion>^er  than  the 
lower  joints,  rontracted  at  the  throat:  stipules  ineinhraiious.  Paul- 
rlt'  compound,  loose,  noddio;^.  Flotcers  ini  short  peduncles,  with  two 
neutral  florets  to  each  lertiie  one  :  pedicels  of  the  nential  fl<)ret>  a3 
lonir  as  the  calyx  of  the  fertile,  t!iickened  at  the  sumniit,  very  hairv. 
Caly.i\  valves  ei|ual.  of  a  dark  brown  colour,  shinint:,  yet  iiairv,  ob- 
tuse, and  friiiijed  at  the  summit.  (  ornlla  membranaceous, nuicli  slxnter 
tJjan  (he  calyx,  hairy,  sli;;htly  two  cleft  ;tlie  inner  valve  the  siv.allest, 
M  ith  an  awn  six  limes  as  k».^  as  the  calyx,  much  contorted.  Jin- 
//Vrs  yellow      Styles  i\\mi.     Stl^HUia  \i\x\i''.  purple. 

In  tlii.s  and  the  prece'linu;  species,  tite  anther  appears  to  open  at  or 
near  the  summit,  and  notalon:^  its  whole  1e'i'j,th  as  usual  in  the  j;i  asses. 

This  plant,  by  its  loobe,  diflfusc<l.  Moddiii.j  panick,  diflers  wi-'ely 
from  every  other  species  of  this  'j;eiHis,  with  which  1  ain  accjuainted,  iri, 
the  United  ^tates. 

Grows  in  arid  soils.     Very  common. 

Flowers  September — October.  ^''odding  ^ndropugoiit 

3.    \-iiJir.irs.      Mich. 
A  ^picis  paniruhitis:no-  |       Spikes  panicled  ;  flow- 

rilnis    solitariis.  rcniotis  ;  |  ers  solitary,  remote  ;  the 

corolla?    valva    exteriore  |  exterior  valve  of  the   co- 

api'^^-e,  interiorc  ha.si  ari.s-  |  rolia  awned  atits  suniiuit, 

lata.  I  the  interior  at  its  base. 

Mich.  l.p.  58. 

Perennial  ?  Stem  erect,  and  decumbent,  8 — 20  inches  hljj;h,  ter- 
ete, ijlabrous.  with  short  joints.  Lpaces  distichous,  expanding.  <-.ir- 
date-la  ceolate,  glabrous,  acute,  concave,  £ — 3  inches  Ion;;,  5 — «■  In  es 
wide:  sheaths  lonjrer  than  the  joints,  contrarleil  and  lairy  at  the 
throat.  i'fl?JtV/f  terminal,  ex |tandifi'4.  /•/o/rvj-s  nearlv  sessile,  (-alijjc 
■l  valved,  vales  linear,  nearlv  subulate,  back  scabrous:  the  exterior 
valve  the  lon^je^t.  Vornlla  2  valveil,  shorter  tlian  the  calvx,  equal  ; 
the  exterior  valve  lanceolate.  3  nerved,  terminated  !iy  a  straij^ht  awn 
3  tiujo-.  iLi*  own  len;;th  :  the  interior  two  clefi  at  tlw  summit,  witli  the 
bark  impressed  by  a  8cai)rous  awn.  lori:;er  tlian  the  calvx,  c»nilorte«l 
in  the  middle,  hairy  near  the  bott(»;n.  Hilamcnts  3,  lon<jer  than  trie 
corolla-      Styles  short.     Utigriuts  feathered,  purple. 

Tliis  plant  will  not  remain  a.nona;the  Andropoi^nns  when  the  ::cnus 
-  accuratoly  defined.   Hc>«i<Ies  its  otlier  p'.'cullaritiei:  it  has  nu  vestige. 


146 


TKIA^DRIA    DTG\NIA. 


of  a  ncufral  floret.  1  once  intended  to  insert  it  as  a  distinct  a;enuS 
under  tiie  name  of  \lloiatheros,  from  t'^e  dissimilarity  of  its  amis  not 
only  in  position,  but  in  fii!.ure.  But  I  have  permitted  it  to  remain,  as 
my  kno\vIedii;e  of  the  genus  is  not  sufficiently  extensive  to  divide  it 
\v\V.\  accuracy,  or  even  satisfaction  to  myself. 

Grov»s  in  dry  soils,  particularly  pine  barrens. 

Flowers  September.  Amhiguous  Jlndropo^on, 


Spikes  clustered ;  flow- 
ers solitary,  with  an  in- 
voluerum  ;  awn  very 
lonsc. 


4.    Ml.T.ANOCAllPTJS. 

A.   spicis    iasciculatis ; 
flni'jhus  solitariis  involu 
cratis  ;  arista  longissinia. 
E. 

Stipa  n  elanocarpa,  Muhl.  Cat. 

Hoot  perennial  '^  Stem  1 — 3  feet  high,  erect  columnar,  glabrous, 
brancning.  Lpaves  4 — 12  inches  long,  2 — 4  lines  wide,  scabrois, 
sti(!n,;ly  marked  with  the  midrib  ;  sheaths  longer  than  the  joints, 
contracted  and  a  little  hairy  at  the  throat:  stipules  membranous,  la- 
cerate. Flmcprs  in  simple  spikes,  lateral  and  terminal,  apparently 
fasciculate,  but  probably  alternate,  on  small  branches  Feduncles  1 — fi 
inches  long,  glabrous.  Hpikes  many  floweredf;  the  lowest  involucp.m, 
lori;:cr  than  the  spike,  leaf-like,  terminatin&  in  a  long  awn  ;  ilorets 
on  short  pedicels,  an  involucrum  attached  to  each  pedicel,  leaf-like, 
.'5 — 4  times  longer  than  the  iioret,  the  upper  one  diminishing  in  size. 
Caly.v  two  leaved,  lanceolate,  rather  obtuse,  cartilaginous,  tliickly 
cl>athed,as  well  as  the  stipes,  with  a  sh(M't  down,  rufous  at  first, 
but  ultimately  of  a  very  dark  purple.  Corolla  very  small,  mem- 
branous ;  fri  m  the  base  of  one  of  its  valves  proceeds  an  awn  twenty 
timch  as  long  as  the  calyx,  contracted,  spiral  and  hairy. 

M}^  specimens  were  too  imperfect  to  enable  me  to  examine  accu- 
rately the  corolla,  stamens  or  styles. 

From  specimens  collected  by  11.  ll.ibcrsham,  Esq. in  the  pine  bar- 
rens between  Fi  rt  Barrington  on  the  Alatamaha,  and  Jeli'crson  on  the 
Satilla,  Georgia. 

Flowers  September — October. 


*'*  Species  hahitu  con- 
formes. 

5.  ScoPARius.     IMicIi. 

A.  spicis  si  nip]  id  bus, 
peduntulatis,  Gcniiualis, 
striate  paniculalis  ;  floii- 
bus  gcniir,is,  her  aphro- 
tlito  sessiii.  lanceolaio.  ar- 


*  ^"  Species  agreeing  in 
habit. 

Spikes  simple,  on  pif^d- 
uncles,  by  pairs,  forming 
straight  panicles ;  flowers 
i)y  pairs,  the  hermaphro- 
dite   sessile,   lanceolate, 


TKIANHUiA    ni(;YNIA. 


i%7 


Istnto ;  neiitro  pciicillito 
aii-^talo ;  riu:lii  tiliula. 
WWUl 


awiied  ;  the  i^euter  on  a 
fc.jtslalk,  awiicd  ;  tlic  ni- 
cliis  filiate. 


Mich.  1.  p.  57. 

A.  |)ui|)uiasceiis.     Sp.  pi.  4.  p   013. 

i/'xj^  perennial.  Stem  horbacenus,  3  feet  liiiili,  very  glabrous,  slight- 
ly compressed,  furrowed  on  one  side,  tinned  with  purple.  Leaves 
linear,  one  lo(»t  loni;.  a  little  liairyand  scabrous,  channelled  ;  sheaths 
hairy,  coinjjreissed,  contracted  at  the  throat ;  stipules  membranous,  cil- 
iate.  FlowtTS  III  long,  slender  panicles,  lateral  and  terminal.  ■''yu'Af.v 
solitary,  on  peduncles  4  inches  long;  sometimes  C  or  3  spikes  appear 
to  proceed  out  of  one  slieath,  but  they  are  really  branches  each  bcar- 
iu'i  its  spike  with  its  appertaining;  sheath  ;  Sheaths  convolute,  as  lonj^ 
RS  the  ria!;ed  peduncle,  scalirons,  acute,  and  mucronate  at  the  summit. 
Pedicel  ol"  the  neutral  Horet  as  Ion;;:  as  the  calyx  of  the  fertile,  hairy 
on  two  sides,  teruiinated  by  a  solitay  awiied  valve.  Calyx  of"  the 
fierm.  Jlnwer  two  valved  ;  tiie  exterior  concave,  5  nvrved,  sca- 
brous, IVequeiitIv  two  cleft:  the  interior  keeled,  acute,  the  keel  ser- 
rulate, the  margins  hairv.  Corolla  2  VHlve<l,  shorter  than  the  calyx, 
purple  ;  the  exterior  concave,  acute,  with  the  margins  hairy  ;  the  in- 
terior hairy,  two  cleft  at  the  summit,  awned  near  the  summit  with  a. 
scabrous  awn  three  times  its  <»wn  length.  Filaments  3,  very  short. 
Stijles  short.     'Stig^mas  feathered,  purple.     Seed  oblonir,  oval. 

The  species  in  this  section,  excepting  perhaps  the  last,  form  an  ex- 
tremely natural  familv.  8o  much  so,  that  it  becomes  dif^cult  to  dis- 
criminate the  species.  They  cover  poor  pasture  in  the  winter  with 
their  coarse,  dry,  foliage,  ami  are  known  by  the  common  name  of 
briunn  ^vass. 

Grows  in  drv,  poor  soils.     Very  common.' 

Flowers  Septemb-.r — October.  Purple  Jiiidropogon, 


G.  TKRNxniFS.     !Micli. 

A.  ramis  remote  altcr- 
nis,  ti'istachyis ;  ^picis 
coiijiigatis  ;  villis  involii- 
cii  glunni  bi'cviorihus : 
florihus  tiiandi'H.  Mich. 
1.  p.  .37. 


Ijiaiichcs  remotely  al. 
tciiKite,  thi'cc  spike  !  : 
sj)ikes  conjugate  ;  hair  o!' 
tiic  involucrum  shoitci 
tlian  the  gliiinc  ;  flo\vei> 
tiiandious 


Branches  solitary,  simple:  the  lower  ones  sometimes  four  «])iked 
valve  of  the  corolla  villous;  the  iriterior  two  cleft,  producing-  from  tir 
iiicis'ire  a  lou^  contorted  awn.     Mich. 

Grows  ill  the  mu'U'.tains  of  Carolina.     Midi. 

Three -spiled  »1ndropopnry 


14^ 


TRIANDRIA    DIGYNIA. 


7.  Argentkus.     E. 

A.  paiiiculiilonga,  gra- 
ci!i  ;  lamulis  solitariis 
gon)inatisque ;  spicis  con- 
jtj>!:atis,  vagina  longiori- 
biis,  villis  sericeis  albis 
vcstitis.     E. 


Panicle  long,  slender ; 
bninches  solitary  and  hy 
pairs  ;  spikes  conjugate, 
longer  than  the  sheath, 
cioathed  with  white  sil- 
very hairs. 


Mich.  1.  p. 

Perennial.  Stem  3  feet  high,  branching  from  the  base,  very  gla- 
brous, tinged  with  purple.  Leaves  linear,  about  a  foot  long,  scabrous, 
particularly  on  tlie  upper  surface  ;  sheaths  longer  than  the  joints, 
spotted  when  young,  with  red.  Flowers  in  a  long  panicle,  the  whole 
plant  producing  ilovvers  in  fact  from  every  upper  joint,  as  all  the  spe- 
cies do  in  this  section.  Peduncles  generally  2  Ironi  each  joint,  both 
long,  but  of  unequal  length,  terminated  by  two  conjugate  spikes: 
sheaths  of  the  iiowers  scarcely  longer  than  the  peduncle.  Fedicels  of 
the  neutral  floret,  one,  at  the  base  of  the  hermaphrodite  flower,  very 
hairy,  with  a  small  valve  at  the  summit,  pedicel  and  hair  longer  tlian 
the  fertile  flower.  Calyx  and  Corolla  hairy  along  the  margins.  Sta- 
mens 3.     Styles  2      Stigmas  purple. 

Grows  in  dry  soils. 

Flowers  October.  White-spiked  Andropogom 


8.    VACINATtTS.       E. 

A.  panicula  giracili, 
siihappi'essa ;  spicis  so- 
litariis, conjngatis,  vagina 
breviorihus  ;floribusgeni- 
inis ;  heimaphrodito  aris- 
tato ;  arista  recta,  sea- 
bra.     E. 


Panicle  slender,  ap- 
pressed  ;  spikes  solitajy, 
conjugate,  shorter  than 
the  sheaths  ;  flowei-s  by 
pairs;  the  hermaphrodite 
awned  ;  the  awn  straight^ 
scabrous. 


Perennial.  Stem  erect,  3  feet  high,  terete,  glabrous.  Leaves  long, 
linear,  scabrous  on  the  upper  surface;  sheaths  glabrous.  Fanicle 
commencing  at  the  middle  of  the  stem  ;  branches  divided,  but  with  a 
slieath  at  each  spike.  iS'/jiArs  short,  conjugate,  the  rachis  very  slen- 
der, hairy.  Pedicel  of  the  neutral  floret  longer  than  the  hermaphro- 
dite, very  hairy.  Valves  of  the  calyx  sharply  serrulate  at  the  mar- 
gins and  keel.  Jltvn  straight,  scabrous,  three  times  as  long  as  the 
calvx.     Stamen  1  } 

This  species  is  remarkable,  even  during  the  winter,  for  its  large 
sheaths,  which  generally  expand  after  tlic  flowers  arc  mature.     This 


ilUANDltlA 


digytJia. 


140 


h  sonu'tftncs  considorod  as  the  A.  virti'miru?,  but  tiu*  eTpr«ssion  *'  flo# 
kibiiH  inuticis,"  is  Uy  no  mcHua  aitolicabk'  lo  tliis  plant. 

firowH  in  (lanip  suits. 

Flowers  Ortubcr.  Lar^e-sheathed  ^intlropogom 


9.  DissiTiFLORus.     Micli. 


A.  paiiiculii  j»;racili, 
siihupprcssa  ;  spicis  soli- 
la  riis,  conjui»;atis,  vaii;inas 
R'quarUibiis :  lloriUus  gem- 
ijiis ;  herniai)hro'lilo  aris- 
tato  ;  arista  recta,  scabra, 
cad  Ilea.     E. 


Panicle  slender,  np«- 
pressed  ;  spikes  solitary, 
conjugate,  as  long  as  the 
sheatlis ;  flowers  by  pairs; 
the  hei  inaphrodite  awn- 
ed  ;  Willi  the  awn  straight, 
scabrous,  caducous. 


Midi.  1.  p. 
A.  vir<riiiicu9 


?  Sp.  (-1.  4.  p.  91C). 


China  lateralis,   SValt.  p. 

Perennial.  Stem  erect,  3  feet  high,  branching;,  witli  the  branches 
ai^prnssed.  Leaves  Ions;,  linear,  scabrous  ;  slieaths  contracted  and 
haii y  at  the  throat,  with  a  lew  loiiu;  iiairsj  scattered  alon;;  the  niarv-ins. 
Brnuches  of  the  pauicLe  long,  slender,  apprcssed.  Spikef  conjir^iitc, 
as  lonsj  as  the  sheaths,  sleniler,  hairy.  Aicii  3  or  4  times  as  long  as 
ll.p  calyx,  straight.     Stamrji  1. 

I  know  not  wiiether  tliis  can  be  the  A.  virginicus  of  liinnreas;  it  Is 
awncd,but  tlie  awns  drop  with  the  slightest  touch.  It  is  also  not  cer- 
ta  n  wlicthcr  tliis  or  the  |)receding  specieij  is  the  A.  di!i>iufloru!*  of 
Micliaux  ;  his  description  applies  almost  ociually  avoU  to  both.  I  have 
iherefore  retained  his  name  to  this  plant,  as  t!«.c  shealh  of  the  former 
^uj'plied  both  a  name  and  character. 

Grows  in  close  soils.     The  most  conimuii  of  all  the  iperlcs. 

Flowers  October.  Uleuder -spiked  ^indropogon. 

%         C'jmwon  Bronm-drnss. 


10.  Macrovros.     Midi. 

A.  paniculaglonierata; 
^picis  conjugatis,  lascicu- 
laii-,  floribus  genunatis  : 
vaginis  I'olioruni  scabris, 
marginibus  pilosis.     E. 

Mich.  l.p.  57.     Sp.  pi.  4.  p.  914. 
C'iniia  <;lomcrata,     Walt.  p.  59. 

Ptrennial.     .'?^»'m  erect,  3    feet  high,  Hlichtly  compressed.     Leaves 
'•rig,  linear,  slightly  scabrnn«  :  sheaths  generally  more  scabrous  than 


Panicle  clustered  ; 
spikes  conjugate,  cluster- 
ed, tlie  llowers  in  pairs ; 
sheaths  of  the  leaves  sca- 
brous, the  mai'gina  hairy. 


150 


TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA. 


tlie  leaves,  varying  liov/cver  in  their  roughness  ;  villous  alony;  th<» 
mar'nns.  Flowers  in  clustered  panicles,  terminal  and  lateral,  but 
•'enerallj  near  the  summit  of  the  stem.  Spikes  3 — 5  or  more,  from 
each  joint,  every  spike  however  provided  with  a  linear  sheath  about 
its  own  length.  Peduncles  hairy  below  the  sheath.  Pedicel  of  the 
neutral  floret  longer  than  the  hermaphrodite,  hairy.  Jtvn  straight, 
3  or  4  times  as  long  as  the  calyx,  i^tamen  1.  Jlnther  and  iitigmas 
yellow. 

Varies,  (Glaucopsis),  vvith  leaves  very  glabrous,gl  aucous,  and  the 
peduncles  less  clustered.     Perhaps  a  distinct  species. 

Grows  in  damp  soils. 

Flowers  October.  Cluster -fiovcered  ^ndvopogou. 


11.  Tetrastachyus. 

A.  panicula  p;racili,  e- 
recta  ;  spiels  solitariis, 
quadrifidis ;  floribiis  gem- 
in  atis,  hermaprodito  aris- 
tato  ;  foliis  pilosis.     E. 


E. 

Panicle  slender,  erect ; 
spikes  solitary,  4  cleft ; 
flowers     by     pairs,    tiie 


hermaphrodite 
leaves  hairv. 


awned 


Stem  erect ;  2 — 3  feet  high,  glabrous,  nearly  terete.  Leaves  long, 
linear,  channelled,  hairy  on  the  inner  surface:  sheatlis  as  long  as  the 
joints,  very  hairy  ;  stipule  a  bearded  membrane.  Panicle  slender  ap- 
pressed  ;  branches  and  spikes  alternate,  somewhat  i-emote.  Sheaths 
of  tlie  spikes  glabrous,  as  long  as  the  spikes  themselves.  Spikes  gen- 
erally 4,  as  if  twice  divided,  rarely  2.  Valves  of  the  calyx  serrulate 
alodg  the  margins,  surrounded  at  base  with  a  short  hairy  involucrum.. 
*<iit'tt  straight,  scabrous,     -viamen  one. 

Grows  in  damp  pine  barrens,  near  Charleston. 

Flowers  October.  Four-spiked  Andyopogon. 


13.  FuRCATus.     Muhl. 

A.  spicis  digitatis,  sub-  | 
quaternis,   terminalibus  ;  | 
floribus    geminatis,    her-  | 
maphrodito  sessili,arista- 
to,  masculo  mutico,  pedi- 
cillato  ;  rachi  pilosa.    Sp. 
pi.  4.  p.  yiu. 

Perennial.  Stem,  2 — 3  feet  high,  glabrous.  Leaves  linear,  the  up- 
per lines  short,  somewhat  glabrous  ;  sheaths  glabrous.  Spikes  termi- 
nal, 3  or  4,  3 — 4  inches  long.  Valves  of  the  hermaphrodite  flower 
sharply  serrulate  along  the  angles,  equal.  Corolla  smaller.  Jlun 
slightly  contorted,  about  3  times  as  long  as  the  calyx.     Pedicel  of  the 


Spikes  digitate,  gene- 
rally by  fours,  terminal  ; 
flowers  in  pairs,  the  her- 
maphrodite sessile,  awn- 
ed, the  male  unawned, 
pedicelled  ;  rachis  hairy. 


TIUANURIA    DTCVMA. 


151 


male  floret  afilon;  as  flip  licrmnphrodite  tlower,  ciliatp.  Valves  of  the- 
rn/ '/.r  uno(|ual ;  tl'.e  exteri(»r  longest,  nuitronat** :  bdfli  sliarplv  sorru-* 
late  alons:  the  iramins.     Corolla  sluutfr  than  tlie  calyx,  uaawiied. 

Grows  ill  t'lf  mountains  ol' Carolina.     l)r    Macbridc. 

Flowers  October.  J)i;^itut<'  Judropngon. 


AIIIA. 


CaUjT  2-valvi.s,  2-/1  n. 
riis.  Flosculi  ahsquc  iii- 
iiitcrjccto  rudiincnto. 

*  Ayhtatrp. 


Cnlijx  S  valvrd.  2  flow^ 
crcd.  F/o/T/.f  without  an 
intrrposcd  rudiment. 

*  Jhcued. 


1.  IVvLi.cNS.     Var.  aristata.     Muhl.  Cat. 


A.  f()iii'<  |)lani> ;  paiiicu- 
la  laxa  ;  suhvort  icillata  : 
cal>cil)iis  2-valvil)us,  3- 
jl  Mis ;  lloro iiilci iore  niu- 
tico,  supcrioribus  arista 
brevi  contoi  ta.     E. 


Leaves  Hat ;  pauicle  dif- 
fuse, somewhat  verlicil- 
latc  ;  calyx  2  or  3  Aovn  er- 
cd  ;  the  lower  flower  \m- 
awned  ;  the  upper  witii  a 
sliort  twisted  awn. 


Avena  Palustri^.     Midi.   1.  p.  72. 
A.  Caroliniana  .'^   Walt.  p.  81. 

7?oof  perennial.  Stem  I — 2  feet  liiu;1i,  erect,  slijihtly  geniculate  at 
base,  terete,  j^labrous,  leaves  narrow,  a  little  scabrous  finely  serru- 
late:  sheatlis  open,  «;labrous,  shorter  than  tiie  joints  ;  stipules  sliort, 
lacerate.  '  alyjc-l  valved,  valves  compressed,  keeled,  verv  acute,  keels 
serrulate,  the  interior  valve  a  little  longer.  Corulln  2  valved  ;  the  ex- 
terior valve  similar  to  the  calyx  :  the  interior  only  half  as  lon;j:,  obtuse, 
■with  the  back  impresseil ;  to  the  back  of  the  exterior  valve  of  the  up- 
per ilowers,  is  attached  a  short  contorted  awn.  Anthers  yellowish. 
Sli^Muts  white. 

The  structure  of  the  flower  of  tliis  plant  appears  evidently  that  of 
an  Aira;  its  awn  has  caused  it  to  be  referred  to  Avena. 

(mows  in  rich  wetsoiU — in  river  swamps  commuD. 

Flowers  March — April. 


2.  Flexiosa. 

A.  panicula  patcnto. 
tii«:hotonia  ;  pethmculis 
il(  xuosis  ;  aiistis  genicu- 
laiis  ;  foHis  setacois  ;  cul- 
ino  suhrmdo.  Sp.  pi.  i. 
p.  378. 

Pursh.  Flor,  Amer.  Sept.  1.  p. 


Panicle  cxpandin2;,  tii- 
cliotomous  ;  peduiules 
flexuous  ;  awns  genicu- 
late ;  h'aves  setaceous ; 
stem  nearly  naked. 


15Q 


TRIANDRIA    Dl  GYNIA. 


Stem  2  feet  liic:h,  terete,  glabrous,  naked  near  the  suinniit.  Leavp.% 
setaceous.  Panlcls  diffused  ;  tiic  primary  divisions  soinewliat  verti- 
ciiiate.  the  second  generally  trichotomous.  Valves  of  the  cab/.x'  mem- 
braiiaceous,  very  acute,  unequal ;  the  interior  as  long  as  the  florets  ; 
floiets  equal  in  length.  Valves  of  the  corolla  equal  ;  the  exterior 
v.ihe  very  acute,  hairy  at  base,  with  a  geniculate  awn  extenOing  from 
the  base  nearly  twice  its  own  length ;  interior  valve  slightly  two 
cleft. 

I  insert  this  specieB  on  the  authority  of  Pursli.  My  specimens  arc 
from  Peimsylvauia. 

Flowers  Flcmous  Jlira-. 


Leaves  siibulalc,  pani- 
cle small,  racemose  ;  co- 
rolla villous,  the  exterior 
valve  two  cleft,  awned. 


3.  Purpurea.     Walt. 

A.  Ibliis  subulatis :  paiii- 
cula  parva,  racemosa;  co- 
Hilla  vi'losa,vaiva  extcri- 
ore  hilida,  aristata.     E. 

Walt.  p.  78. 

Root  annual.''  Stem  2feethigii,  slender,  compressed  on  one  side, a 
little  rough  on  the  joints.  Leaves  G — 12  inches  long,  i2 — 5  lines  wide, 
scabrous,  hairy  on  tlie  upper  surface,  convolute  when  dry  :  sheat'ns 
shorter  than  the  joints,  scabrous;  throat  hairy.  Panicle  composed  of 
small  racemes,  appressed  when  young  afterwards  expanding.  Cahjx  2 
vaived,  2  flowered,  the  exterior  valve  small,  the  inteiior  larger  :  both 
lance'^late,  concave, purple,  witlithe  margins  lacerate.  Corolla  2  val- 
red  :  the  exterior  valve  twice  or  three  times  as  long  as  the  calyx,  near» 
}y  lanceolate,  deeply  two  clcfc,  the  midrib  extended  and  forming  a 
short  awn,  ciliate  and  villous  along  the  back  ;  the  interior  a  little  short- 
er, concave,  lanceolate,  acute,  very  villous  on  the  back;  both  purple>^ 
Jinfhers  and  sfigmaa  purple. 

This  plant  has  a  strong  saline  taste. 

Grows  on  the  margin  of  the  Ocean  among  the  drift  sand?. 

Flowers  September — October. 


**  Miiticce. 
4.  Capillvcea. 


La  Marck. 


Unaivned. 


A.  paniciila  capillacea, 
efFusa,  maxima,  flosculis 
Tnuticis,  calyce  loiigiori- 
bus ;  altero  pediceliato. 
La  Marck. 

Stem  about  8  inches  high,  erect. 
Glumes  acute,  with  the  keel  rough 
Collected  in  Carolina,  by  Mr.  Fraser. 
Orows  on  slate  hills  and  sandy  pastures.    Pursln 


Panicle  capillary,  dif- 
fuse, very  large ;  ilorets 
unawned,  longer  than  the 
calyx,  one  on  a  footstalk. 

Leaves  narrow,  short,  glabrous'. 
Panicle  purple.     Pursh. 


TRTKNDRTV    DIGYNIV. 


I5S 


ranirlc  slender,  erect ; 
valvi's  of  tlie  calyx  acute; 
the  upper  spikes  3  flow* 
ered ;  leaves   short,  flat. 


0.  Trtflorv.     K. 

A.  paiiicula  jzirai  ili. 
rr^cta;  calycibus  acutis  : 
s«»i(iilis  sN|)erioiil»us  tii- 
fl  iris ;  toliis  brevibus, 
plariis.     E. 

linot  fibrous,  perennial.  Stem  \i — 18  incites  hiijh,  erect,  terete, 
glabrous.  /A>aves  i  2  inches  Iom<x?  Hat,  jjialirous  on  the  upjier,  sca- 
broiH  on  flic  under  surface:  slieatKs  shorter  tian  the  joints  ;  stipules 
nieinbranous,  lacerate.  Valves  of  t!ie  cn/j/.r  une<|ual,  linear-laticeolale, 
acute:  the  keels  serrulate.  Valves  of  the  coroll  lanceolate,  acute,  ob- 
tcurelv  3 — 5  nerved  ;  the  exterior  lar;;er  than  the  calyx,  and  son)e\vhat 
uoolly  at  ha-e,but  not  villous  ;  the  interior  valve  smaller.  Styles  uliort- 
er  than  the  corolla.     Uti^mas  feathered,  white. 

The  flowers  in  this,  are  lari:;er  than  in  the  two  succeedinj  species. 

From  the  base  of  the  second  floret  in  the  lower  spikes,  a  naked  pedi» 
ccl  arises  like  a  continuation  of  the  rachis;  this  ia  the  up|)er  spikei 
generally  bcjirs  a  third  floret.  To  the  A.  melicoides  of  Michaux,  this 
species  has  much  resemblance  :  it  appears  to  difter  in  size,  as  the  jjlumes 
in  this  plant  are  rather  small  titou;^h  lonir,  and  by  wanting;  the  villous 
«loathinu;  of  the  base  of  the  florets  and  peilicels. 

From  specimens  collected  at  Atlicus,  Georgia,  by  Mr.  Green. 

Flowers  in  April.  ^        Three -Jluwercd  dira. 


6.  Obtusata.     IMicli. 

A.  foliis  plauis :  pani- 
cula  coarctata ;  flofibus 
l{evil)iis.  obiusis;  caly- 
cis  valva  iiiteriore  oblique 
truricata.      K. 


Leave?  flat ;  panicle  con- 
tracted ;  fli)\vers  snK»otii, 
obtuse;  the  iiiterior  valve 
of  the  calyx  obliquely 
truncate. 


Mich.  1.  p.  62.     Pursli,  Flor.  Anier.  Sept.  I-  p.  76. 

Hoot  perennial.  Stem  erect,  about  2  feet  lii.;h,  '^labroiin.  T^enve* 
6 — 12 incites  lon<;,  1 — Klines  wide,  a  little  hairy  an<l  sea  '--ous  :  sheaths 
hairy;  stipules  membranous.  I'linidi'  lonus  composed  of  erect,  altcr- 
nite  or  clustere«l  racemes.  Cnli/.v  2-valved,  -2  and  sometimes  3-iio\v- 
ered  ;  the  exterior  valve  linear,  acute  ;  tl.e  interior  wide,  compie-sed, 
very  obtuse  or  truncate,  and  sli:ihtlv  niucronate.  Corutla  '2-vaIve'l, 
valves  nearly  e(|ual  ;  the  exterior  a  little  lar:;er,  compressed,  obtuse, 
tlie  midrib  Si'rrated  near  the  j)oint,  tiii:i;ed  with  };reer»  ;  the  interi'ir 
white,  obtuse,  the  back  im[»ressed,  ;ind  the  an^le>  ciliate,  serrate;  the 
rachis  always  extending  beyond  the  flowers,     jlntfwrs  purple. 

Grows  in  dry,  pine  land,  sumetinies  iji  pastures.     Cimunon. 

Flowers  March— April.  Obtase-Jlowered  Air(h 


154 


TRIANDRIA  DIGYNtA, 


5.  Mollis.     Mulil.  Cat. 

A.  panicula  gracili.  ra- 
cen.osa;  valva  interiore 
calycis  obtusa ;  foliis  li- 
iiearibus.     E. 


Panicle  slender,  race- 
mose ;  the  interior  valve 
of  the  calyx  obtuse  ; 
leaves  linear. 


Stem  1 — 2  feet  liigli,  terete,  glabrous,  naked  towards  the  summif. 
Leaves  short,  linear,  with  the  sheaths  shorter  than  the  joints.  Flowers 
on  alternate  racemes,  not  crowded  on  the  rachis.  Exterior  valve  of 
the  cnljf.v  acute  ;  interior  obtuse,  with  the  margins  nearly  circular. 
Corolla  2-  alved,  valves  nearly  acute;  the  interior  shorter,  generally 
two  cleft  at  the  summit.     Stigmas  wMte. 

To  the  preceding  species  this  has  much  affinity.  Its  flowers  and 
racemes,  however,  are  never  crowded,  as  in  the  A.  obtusata.  Its  stem  is 
wore  slender  and  naked,  and  it  is  in  every  respect  a  more  delicate 
plant. 

It  varies  with  leaves  pubescent,  and  glabrous.  I  have  also  a  va- 
riety found  in  the  pine  barrens  of  Carolina,  with  the  stem  almost  se- 
taceous, leaves  linear,  involute,  flowers  more  crowded  on  the  racemes, 
and  the  calyx  and  corolla  rather  more  acute  than  in  the  plant  described; 
perhaps  a  distinct  species. 

Grows  in  the  middle  and  upper  country  of  Carolina,  plentifully^ 
Kot  common  in  the  low  country.  Athens,  Mr,  Green.  Columbia,- 
i^r   Herbemont. 

Flowers  April.  Soft  Aira* 


MELICA. 


Calyx  S-valvis,  S-flor- 
us.  Rudimentiim  florls 
iijter  flosculos. 

i.  Glabra.     Mich. 

M.  s'ti'>r«^  ;  panicula 
crecta,  laxa;  ramulis  sim- 
plicibus,  pau<'ifloris  ;  flo- 
ribus  glumis  imberbibus. 
Persoon,  i.  p.  78. 

Mich.  1.  p.  62. 

M.  mutrica,    Walt.  p.  7B; 


Calyx  2-valvecl,2-flow- 
ered.  Rudiment  of  a 
flower  between  the  flor* 
ets. 

Glabrous;  panicle  erect, 
loose  ;  branches  simple, 
few  flowered;  flowers  with 
the  glumes  unbearded- 


TRTANDUTA    DTGYN'TA. 


159 


^tem  t— 3  feet  hi<;h,  terete,  glabrous.  Leai'fn  vcrr  narrow,  almost 
linear,  scabrous;  sheaths  Ions;,  slightly  scabrous  ;  stipules  incmbra>- 
nuns.  Panicle  Ion:;,  slender,  compose*!  of  »li>titKt  racemes  3 — 5 
flivvered,  with  the  flowers  nodding.  Cn/^.r  shortt'r  tliati  the  corolla, 
2-valved  :  valves  iarjre,  o>ate,  rathei-  acute,  une(|ual,  with  the  niaririiig 
ami  summit  membranous.  Corolla  '2->alved,  unequal  ;  exterior  valve 
lancetdate,  somewhat  obovate,  nerved,  concave,  witli  the  summit 
nit'Mibratious ;  the  interior  much  smaller,  tieaily  obovate,  ciliate. 
*\'ru(ral  jloret  petlicellate,  2-vu!ved  :  valves  unequal,  obovate.  <S7a- 
ifxen  3.     ,inthers  Aellnw.      ^t'rjmas  white  r 

I  have  from  Ctdumbia  a  variety  w  itii  tiie  leaves  pul)escont,  the  flow* 
er  evidently  smaller,  the  valves  n\ore  acute,  less  meinbranoiis  at  the 
suMunit,  aiul  haiulsomely  spotted  with  purple.  It  is  proliablv  the  Nf, 
aitissima,  Walt,  but  is  has  scarcely  character  enough  for  a' distinct 
6]»ecies. 

(iro\v8  in  fertile  soils. 


^'lowers  A))ril. 


Large -flowered  Jlelicat 


DACTYLIS. 


Cabix  2-valve(l,  com- 
pressed :  one  valve  large, 
keeled.  Spikrs  tlu^^teiedj 
aggiegate,  and  in  heads. 

Panielc  sccund,  clus- 
tered. 


Cali/x  S-valvis,  coin- 
pressus ;  altera  valvula 
majore,  raiinata.  iSpicce 
aggrei:j;at{e  et  eapilatie. 

1.  Glomek.v  a. 

1).  panicula  secunda, 
gloinerata.  Sp.  pi.  i.  p. 
408. 

Eng.  Botany,  No.  ^Z5. 

77oof  perennial.  6YPTn  2 — 3  feet  high,  terete,  glabrons.  Leaves  \\- 
neai,  caiinate,  very  scabrous;  sheath  scabrous;  stijuiles  lacerate. 
J*anicle  leai'.ing  one  vvav  ;  flowers  clustered  at  the  extremity  of  each, 
branch;  in  small  spikes,  each  H. — 4  llowered.  Valves  of  the  cah/.v 
unei|ual,  lanceolate,  very  acute,  mucronate  ;  the  keel  and  margins 
finely  ciliate.  Exterior  valves  of  the  corolla  lanceolate  ;  the  keel 
ciliate,  with  a  short  straight  awn  near  the  summit,  as  in  iJromus)  ; 
interior  valVe  retlexed,  with  the  margins  lincly  tilialc,  2-clcrt  at  Uic 
summit.     Stamens  3. 

(jrows  near  Charleston.  James  Inland.  A  native  of  Europe  ;  nov 
Aalurali/.ed. 

Flywcrh  May— June.  Clustered  DacUilia' 


156 


TMANDRIA    DIGYNIA, 


POA. 


Calyx  S-valvis,  miilti- 
jloius.  Spicida  ovata  ; 
\  al  vulis  n  largirie  scariosis, 
acutiusculis. 

1.  Capillaris. 

P.  panicula  luxa,  pa- 
tentissinia,  capiliaii  ;  8pi- 
culis  3- — 5-floiis;  floribus 
jjubescentibus  ;  fojiis  pi- 
losis;   cuinio  lamosissi- 

11 J  o. 


Calyx  S-valved,  many' 
flowered.  Spi/cfS  ovate ; 
valves   somewhat    acute, 


and    scarious 
niar»:in. 


along:  the 


Panicle  loose,  expand- 
ing, capillaiy  ;  spikes 
3 — 5-flo\vered  ;  flowers 
pubescent;  leaves  hairy 5 
stem  much  branched. 


Sp.  pi.  p.  594. 


Cla\t.  p.  13.  No.  580. 


Pursli,  nor.  Amer.  fcept.  1.  p.  79. 
Walt.  p.  80  ? 

Stem  12 — 18  inches  high,  glabrous.  Leaves  linear,  short,  flatt 
sV.eaths  longer  than  the  joints,  hairy  at  tl.e  throat,  Fanicle  diffuse, 
spreading,  on  short,  somewliat  rigid  peduncles.  Spikes  5 — 5-llower- 
©d,  purple.     Valves  of  the  cahjA-  and  corolla  acute,  pubescent. 

Inhabits  Carolina.     Muhl.     Pursh. 

Flowers  June — August.  Hair-panicled  Poa% 


2.  Tenuis!.     E. 

P.  pauicula  ramosissi- 
ma,  patentissima,  capilia- 
ii; spicuhs  tiifloiis,  gla- 
l)iis,  longe  pedunculatis ; 
ioliis  lineaiibus,  pije- 
lonsis.     E. 


Panicle  branching,  ex- 
panding, capillary ;  spikes 
3- flowered,  ,a:labrous,  on 
long  [)edinicles  ;  leaves 
lineal',  very  long. 


Root  perennial  ?  Stem  12 — 18  inches  liigh,.  somewhat  compressed  ; 
glabrous,  much  branched  Irom  the  rodt.  Leaves  Id — 15  inches  long, 
linear,  scabrous,  thinly  sprinkled  along  the  edges  with  long  hairs; 
s'.eath  longer  than  the  joints,  open,  at  xhn  tliroat  hairy,  hairs  long. 
Panicle  very  larj^e,  diiiuse,  truly  capillary.  reduncles  somewhat 
verticili;tte,very  long  and  fine.  Spikelets  S-f^owon^il  ;  the  lower  ones 
sometimesi  1-tiowercd;  florets  more  remote  than  usual  in  this  genus*- 


TRl\NDKTA    niCYMA. 


i'^7 


falyx  Cvalvpil  ;  valvi-s  Irtn-  eolafc.  compressoil,  witli  <lie  keels  sor- 
V  late,  iilutjiitiis.  ('nynlla  'Z-\u\\K'i\  :  tin-  »'\tt'i  ior  laiKntlate,  uciiiiii- 
iKito^  sli^;litl_v  koc'lt'd  ;  tlie  interior  witii  tlie  back  impressed;  butli 
glal>n»us. 

From  the  preeedinj;;  species,  tliis  diRers  by  a  larger  and  more  tliduse 
jianicle,  loM;ier  peduncles,  fewer  llowers  in  the  spike,  a  glabrouu,  al- 
most transparent  corolla,  and  much  longer  leaves. 

From  specimens  brought  from  Cireeaville,  by  Mr.  Mowlins. 

Flowers  August — SeptemL-cr.  Hlemler  Poa, 


D.   "iRsuTA.     Mich. 

p.  culiiio  erecto  :  foli- 
orurn  vafi;ini3  liirsiitissi- 
iiii.s ;  ])a!rK;ula  rainosissi- 
iim.  patcnlissima ;  spicu- 
lis  suljf|uinqucnoiis.     E. 


Stem  erect  ;  sheatlis 
of  the  leaves  very  hairv  ; 
panicle  much  branched 
and  expanded  ;  spikelcts 
generally  j-llowered. 


>  ich.  1.  p. 
P.  simplex, 


G8. 


Walt. 


79. 


Root  perennial,   cespitosc 
erect,    slightly    cotnpressed. 


Stem  IG — 24  inches  hich.  stri'-fly 
{jlabrous,  ani^ular  after  brandling  ; 
branches  lonj^,  expanding  horizontally,  hairy  in  tlie  axiU.  Lpavfs 
lo.ijr,  linear,  ^;labrous,  serrulate,  hairy  near  the  base;  sheath  niucli 
l(»n};er  than  tlie  joints,  compressed,  very  haiiv  ;  throat  verv  hairv. 
iipikelfts  3 — r-tlowered.  CVi/^.r  and  Corolla,  valves  lanceolate. acute, 
compressed,  keeled :  keel  serrulate,  j^labrous,  tinj^ed  with  purple. 
»'inthers  purj)le.     Utis^iiuts  white. 

Varies  with  panicle  liiiht  straw  coloured,  and  brio;ht  purple  ; 
leaves  and  panicle  more  or  less  hairy.     Panicle  with  age  divaricate. 

Grows  in  dry  pastures  and  fields. 

Flowers  August — October.  Hairy  Poa. 


4.  Parviflorx.     Pursh. 

P.  i)anicula  ditfusa,  ca- 
pillaii  ;  spiciilis  parvi?, 
siiltUilloris:  noriI)Us  suh- 
olUusis,  stiiaiis,  caduci?; 
foliis  distichiH.  planis.    E. 


J'anicle  difTusc,  ca])il- 
lary;  spikes  small,  ,2;('n- 
eraiiy  3-flo\vcred:  flow- 
ers ratlicr  ohlusc,  stiiate, 
cathicous;  leaves  di.stich- 
ous,  flat. 


Purfth.  flor.  Amer.  S*  pt.  1.  p.  80, 

P.  striata,  La  Marck.     Knc.  Meth.  1.  p.  183. 

Root  perennial.  Stnn  decumbent,  \2 — 18  inches  high,  somewhat 
Oompres!<ed,  simple,  entirely  cinathed  with  the  leaves.  Leaves  0 — 8 
iachfs  long,  1 — 3  lines  wide,  flat^  verj  smooth,  the  mar^^iua  scarcely 


i^3 


TRTANDRIA    DIGYXIA. 


rouiO^ened ;  sheaths  longer  than  the  stem,  closed,  glabrous;  siipales 
Die  ii-'rajious.  Calyx  2-valved,  unequal,  somewhat  lanceolate,  mem- 
Lian.)us,  expanding,  persistent.  Florets  1 — 3  (4  Pursli,)  caducous. 
(:.,rvlla  2-valved;  the  exterior  valve  lanceolate,  rather  obtuse,  not 
|i(-eled,  strongly  nerved;  the  interior  impressed. 

My  specimens  were  not  perfect.  All  t!ie  spikelets  which  had  not 
been  expoi^ed,  were  triflorous;  but  the  calyx  was  btill  remarkable  for 
want  of  connection  with  the  florets. 

Fr  ni  specimens  sent  from  Columbia,  by  AJr.  Herbemont. 

Flowers  July.     (Fursh.)  Small-Jloivered  Poa, 


5.    CONFERTA.       E. 

P.  puniculis  terminali- 
bus,  axilltuibusque,  ercc- 
tirt,  coarctatis,  conlei  tilioi 


Panicles  terminal,  and 
axillary,  erect,  compress- 
ed, v\iili  the  flowers  clus- 


1^  ;     spiciilis     octofloi is,  I  tered;  spikelets  8-flo>ver- 
glabris.     E.  j  ed,  glabrous. 

p.  glomerata,  Walt,  p-  80. 

Stem  erect,  genicuhite,  2 — 3  feet  high,  terete,  glabrous,  thickened 
at  tiie  joints.  Leaves  A — 8  inches  long,  3  lines  wide,  glabrous,  fiat, 
slightly  serrulate  along  tlie  mari;;in ;  sheaths  ooen,  shorter  than  t!ie 
joints;  stipules  membranous,  short.  PanicleA — 8  inches  long.  ^Spikes 
lanceolate,  small,  very  much  crowded,  generally  8-flov\ered.  Exte- 
teiior  valve  of  the  corolla  compressed,  acMte,  membranaceous,  with  3 
or  5  coloured  nerves. 

This  is  n:>t  the  P.  glomerata,  of  Linnpeus ;  I  have  therefore  been 
obliged  to  give  it  another  trivial  name.  From  specimens  sent  from 
Colom  ia  by  Mr.  Herbemont. 

Flowers  Cluster -jlowered  Voa. 


6.  Annua. 

P.  panicula  diffusa,  an-  |  Panicle  diffuse;  branches 
§:i]]is  rectis  ;  spiculis  ob-  |  expanding  at  right  angles  ; 
tiisis,  qui?  quefloris;  cul-  |  spikelets  obtuse,  5-fiow- 
djo  obliquo,  compresso.  |  ered  ;  stem  oblique,  com- 
fep.  pi.  p.  390.  I  pressed. 

'Boot  annual.  Btem  about  6  inches  high,  procumbent,  somewhat 
geniculate,  glabrous.  Leaves  2 — 3  inches  long,  I — 2  lines  wide, 
slightly  channelled,  glabrous,  serrulate  ;  sheath  as  long  as  the  joints, 
glabrous,  contracted  at  the  throat;  stipules  membranous.  Spikelets 
frequently  4-fl()wered.  Calyjc^  and  corolla,  with  the  valves  lanceo- 
late, 5-nerved,  ratiier  acute,  slightly  pubescent.  Anthers  and  Stigvurs 
white. 


TRTANnnTV    niCYXTA. 


i5% 


A  tondcr,  f1»'liratp.  carlv  'j;ra^8;  nmi  noii  artiind  huilJinjrs,  In  irar- 
dcu<5,  and  mltaat-'d  gruiimls  ;  perliuj)!!*  urigiually  iinportL-d,  tiowr 
Miiiversallv  dilt'usod. 

Flowers  Kobruary — April.  Jiarly  Fua. 


7.  AiTTtTMNAi.i'*.     Mulil. 

p.  ca»s|)it<)>*a  :  I'olii^  pla-  Cospitoso  ;  If^aves  fli^t ; 

nis  ;  pari'ciilis  ditl'iisis  ;  paniclfs  dillusc  ;  sijikc- 
6|)ici)Iis  ohtusis,  suhtrilli)  U'ts  ohtiise.  jr^'Morally  3- 
ris;  floribus  i)ubes('ciui-  tlowcre'l  ;  flAvcrs  pti- 
bus,  apicc  compresriis.  E.     Ix'SLcn:,   compressed    at 

the  point. 

Jloot  perennial,  cespitose.  Stem  erect,  12 — 18  inches  lii'rl).  tereti'  ? 
glabrous,  Leaveti  6  incites  lon;^  1 — '2  lines  wide.  Hat,  sli.tlitlv  sca- 
brous ;  sheaths  shorter  tlian  the  joints;  stip'iles  membranous.  P^i>,- 
icle  limse,  not  appressed  Cahfr,  valves  une<|aal.  acute.  Vnrnl''i^ 
the  exterior  valve  lanceolate,  obtuse,  with  the  summit  as  if  compressed, 
distinctly  5-nerved. 

This  may  be  the  P.  compressa,  Walt,  but  is  very  distinct  fi  • -i 
specimens  of  P.  compressa,  liin.  as  sent  me  by  Dr.  Muhlenljtirj^.  !",. 
M.  noticinu;  a  specimen  of  this  ^rass  which  I  had  sent  him,  sav«.  "  t 
appears  to  be  my  flexuosa,  but  as  Smith  has  a  tlexuosa,  we  mas  f  a-  t.j 
it  Autumnalis."  The  D.ictor  bus  retained  flexuosa  in  his  catal"^U'*; 
but  as  tiiere  is  notliins;  flexuous  to  be  oliserved  in  my  .specimpn:^,  t.:e 
plant  on  the  contrary  beinj;  unusually  erect,  I  have  used  the  name  en- 
tered in  my  herbarium. 

From  specimens  sent  bv  Mr.  Ilerbcmont,  from  Columbia.  Found 
in  Georgia  by  Dr.  IJaldwin. 

Flow  ers  Jiuliimnal  Poa. 


«.  ViRinis.     Mulil.   Tat. 

P.  foliis  planis.  rmeari- 
bus,  abriipte  acutis  ;  pan- 
iciila  sul)conferta  ;  spicii- 
bs  ovatis,  acutis,  quadri- 
floris.     E. 


Loaves  flat,  linenr, 
abruptly  acule  ;  panicle 
somewhat  crowded  ; 
spikes  ovate,  acute,  four 
tloweic  I. 


Root  perennial,  cespitose.  Stem  erect,  columnar,  striate,  ^'ahrous, 
18  inches  high.  Leaves  2 — 4  inches  lon;^;,  -2  lines  wid»'.  ;;labro'«s  ; 
sheath  open,  glabrous  :  stipitles  memliranous.  Punicle  expamlin'^  ; 
branches  .3—4  at  each  joint.  Valves  of  the  cn/'/.r  and  corolla  very 
acute,  distinctly  o-nerved  ;  mar;;ins  and  sumnjit  s(  arious,  w!i;f  •  ; 
keel  serrulate.  Florets  generally  3 — 5  in  each  spikelet,  woolly  at 
the  base. 


160 


TRTANDRTA    DTGYNIA, 


A  fine  winter  grass,  remarkable  for  its  deep  green  colour,  ami  iwft 
succulent  leaves.  As  it  bears  the  summer  heats,  in  close,  rich  soils, 
it  wants  onlv  size  to  render  it  a  valuable  acquisition  to  the  farmer. 

Not  uncommon  near  Charleston.  Supposed  to  have  been  brou«;Kt 
from  the  upper  country.  It  is  probably  only  a  variety  of  the  P.  pra- 
te n  sis,     Lin. 

Flowers  May — June.  Green  Foa — Green  grass. 


Leaves  linear,  invo- 
lute ;  panicula  somewhat 
crowded  ;  spikes  lanceo- 
late, acute,  four  flowered ; 
flowers  villous  at  base. 


9.  Angustifoua? 

P.  foiiis  linearii)us,  in- 
volutis;  panicula  subcon- 
ferta;  spiculis  lanceolatis, 
acutis,  q-iadrifloris ;  flo- 
ribus  basi  villosis.     E. 

Sp.  pi.  l.p.  S87. 

R.  stolonifera  ?    Muhl.  Cat. 

7^oof  perennial.  Stem  1 — 2  feet  high,  glabrous,  columnar.  Leaves 
glabrous,  2 — 6  inches  long,  in  dry  weather  involute  ;  the  stem  leaves 
wider  than  those  that  appear  to  be  from  the  root;  stipules  membranous, 
short.  Panicle  (with  us!  much  crowded.  Valves  f)f  i\\e  florets  a.c\\te,. 
5-nerved,  generally  tinged  with  purple,  very  villous  at  tiie  base. 

The  spikes  are  more  crowded,  and  the  florets  larger  than  in  P.  viri- 
dis. 

Grow?  around  Charleston.  Sent  me  from  Middleton  place,  Ashlej 
river,  by  Mr.  Moulins  ',  from  Columbia,  by  Mr.  Tlerbeniont. 

Flowers  May.  JVarrow-leaved  Foa, 


10.  Teneixa  ? 

p.  panicula  siibverticil- 
lata,  patente  ;  spiculis  K- 
iHaribus,  6 — lO-floris; 
fioribus  par vu lis,  glabris, 
valva  rxtejiore  corollse 
cadi'iCa;  culmo  decum- 
bente.     E. 


Panicle  somewhat  verti- 
cillate, expanding;  spikes 
linear,  G — 10-flowered  ; 
flowers  small,  glabrous, 
witli  the  exterior  valve  of 
the  corolla  caducous  : 
stem  decumbent. 


Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  395.     Pursb,  Flor.  Amer.  Sept.  1.  p.  80. 

Annual.  Stem  decumbent,  glabrous,  terete,  6 — 12  inches  high. 
Leaves  I — 2  inches  long,  subulate,  scabrous  on  the  upper  surface, 
smooth  on  the  under  ;  throat  of  the  sheath  contracted,  and  very  hairy. 
Funicle  slender,  expanding  j  branches  somewhat  verticiliate,  with  a 


TniA^DRIi.*blGYNlA, 


161 


fewr  loH^  hairs  in  each  uxil.  Peduncles  2 — 5  lines  lon^.  Exterior 
Talve  of  the  curulln  compressed,  acute,  3 — i  nerved,  purple,  Jailing 
^>  it h  the  mature  seed.  Aitthei  s  purple.  Utigmas  feathered,  white. 
Seed  oval,  impressed  near  the  base. 

This  plant  agrees,  in  n^any  respects,  minutely  with  the  de»cnptio» 
of  the  P.  tenella.  I)y  Ret/.;  but  the  flowers  are  neither  nodding,  ob- 
tuse, nor  fringed  aloiiu;  the  marijins.  Whenever  the  plant!*  can  be 
c»mipared  they  will  prol)ably  be  fitund  distinct.  It  a^iees  somewhat 
with  the  P.  pectinacea,  of  which  1  believe  Dr.  Muhleiiberii;  considered 
it  a  variety  :  but  it  is  smaller  and  more  decumbent  ;  and  the  interior 
Talve  of  the  corolla  when  persistent,  is  appressed  to  the  racliis. 

Grows  in  cultivated  u;rountU.     CoiU.uon. 

Flowers  through  the  summer.  Umall  narrow -sj) iked  Poa, 


11.  Pectinacea.     Midi. 


P.  panicula  laxa,  pyra- 
Tnidata,  erccta ;  ?j)iculis 
liiicaiilms.  lo — 12  lloris  ; 
rachi  (Icniuin  valvulis  iii- 
tcriorihus    persistcntibus 


Panicle  loose,  pyramid 
(lal,  erect ;  spikes  linear, 
10 — 12  flowered  ;  the 
racliis  when  old  pecti- 
nated by  the  persistent 
interior  valve  of  corolla. 


peclinata. 

Mich.  1.  p.  69.     Tersoon,  1.  p.  91.     Pursh.  l.p.  81. 

Stem  erect.     Leaves  erect,  with  the  throat  of  the  sheaths,  and  axile 
•f  tlie  panicle,  hairy.     Flowers  ovate,  acuminate,  3  nervecL 


Grows  in  Carolina. 
Flowers  July. 


Pursh. 


12.  Er\grostts  ? 

p.  panicula  patente,  py- 
ramidata,  ranuilis  alter- 
nis  ;  spicuiis  linearibus, 
deccmfloiis,  subsessili- 
hus ;  Horibus  acutis  tri- 
nervibus. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  392. 
Tursh.  1.  p.  8(J. 

Perennial  }  Stem  2  feet  hij;h  ;  j^eniculate  and  branching  near  the 
base,  terete,  glabrous.  L«aL'e.s-»hort,  linear,  almost  subulate!^ glabrous, 
with  3  or  5  prominent  nerves;  sheaths  hairy  at  the  the  throat.  Pan- 
icle expanding;;  branches  remote,  alternate,  a  little  subdivided. 
Sjiikes  generally  10  flowered,  on  peduncle-*   two  or  three  liue«  Ion;;; 


Panicle  expanding,  py- 
ramidal, witli  allernate 
branches  ;  spikes  linear, 
10  flowered,  nearly  ses- 
sile ;  flowers  acute,  3 
nerved. 


16^ 


TRIANDRIA.  ©IGTNIA. 


forming  racemes  on  the  long  branches  of  the  panicle.     Corolla  with 
tlie  exterior  valve  tiansparent,  5  nerved,  very  acute. 

Grows  in  cultivate'l  land. 

Flowers  throuxU  the  summer. 


i3.    NrTIDA.       E. 

r.  c 111  mo  e recto,  gla- 
berri'iio  ;  paiiicula  nia- 
juscula,  diffusa,  capilla- 
cea,  siib-verticillata;  ped- 
iinculis  prselongis;  spicu- 
lis  lanceolatis,  octoflods. 
E. 


Stem  erect,  very  gla- 
brous ;  panicle  large,  dif- 
fuse, capillary,  somewhat 
verticillate  ;  peduncles 
long;  spikes  lanceolate, 
eight  flowered. 


Root  annual  ?  Stem  1  foot  high,  and  with  the  whole  plant,  very  gla* 
bnuis.  Leaves  long,  linear,  involute  when  dry,  scabrous  near  the 
points,  with  a  few  hairs  at  the  throat  of  the  sheath.  Panicle  very 
large,  12 — 18  inches  high,  expanding.  Peduncles  J — 3  inches  long, 
capillary,  very  glabrous.  Calyx  compressed,  very  acute,  with  the 
keel  sharply  serrulate.  Exterior  valve  of  the  corolla  compressed, 
very  acute,  transparent,  3  nerved  ;  keel  very  finely  serrulate  j  mar*' 
gins  rounded.     Hpike  7 — 9  flowered. 

Grows  in  cultivated  land.     Common  on  Paris  Island. 

Flowers  through  the  summer.  Smooth-shinins  Poa. 


44.  Refracta.     Muhl.  Cat. 


Stem  erect  ;  panicle 
<^ifFuse,  with  the  branches 
divaricate  ;  spikes  in  ra- 
cemes, linear-lanceolate, 
many  flowered. 


P.  culmo  erecto  ;  pani- 
cula  diffusa,  ramulis  diva- 
ricatis ;  spiculis  ramosis, 
lineari-lanceolatis,  mulli- 
floris.     E. 

P.  amabilis,  Walt.  p.  80. 

P.  spectabilis,  Puish,  1.  p.  81. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  erect,  2  feet  high,  terete,  glabrous.  Leaves 
linear,  6—10  inches  long,  3  lines  wide,  smooth  underneath,  slightly 
scabrous  on  the  tlie  upper  surface,  a  little  hairy  ;  sheath  as  long  as  the 

i'oints;  stipules  very  short,  membranous,  lacerate.  Panicle  large, 
lairy  in  the  large  axils.  Spikes  nearly  sitting,  15  to  20  flowered. 
Exterior  valve  of  the  corolla  compressed,  acuminate,  3  nerved.  Fil* 
anients  2  }    Anthers  purple.     Stio;was  plumose,  wliite. 

Grows  in  damp  soils,  in  pine  barrens,  auii  common  along  roads. 
Flowers  August— September.  Refracted  Poa, 


TRTANDRIA    DICYNIA, 


463 


Panicle  hranchins;  ; 
spikes  apprcsscd.  colum- 
nar, many  flowered ;  llo- 
rets  ol)iuse,  seven  nerved ; 
the  nerves  double  al  base. 


i5.  Flfitans. 

V  punicula  ramosa  ; 
8])iculis  a|)piessis,  tereli- 
bus.  multiiluiis  ;  spieulis 
obtusis,  septomnerviis  ; 
basi  duplicato-nervosis. 
Smith,  Fl.  Brit.  i.  p.  95. 

Festuca  fluitaris,  Sp.  pi.  1.  p. 426.     Midi.  I.  p.  66. 
Bi^.  p.  26.     Pursli,  I.  p.  84. 

Rixit  pcicnnial.  Stem  erect,  glabrous.  Leaves  6 — 8  inclies  lonir, 
4 — 5  lines  wide,  jilabruus  on  tlie  under  surface,  scabrous  on  tie  ii|,|  er, 
sli;;htly  keeled  with  the  midrib  ;  sheatlis  lar>i,e,  longer  tlian  the  points, 
glabrous  ;  stipules  larj^e,  nieinbranuus.  I'uuicle  ion;:,  e\pandin;r, 
brandies  siin|)le.  SpiLt'S  sessile,  or  on  very  short  footstalks,  jioiivraliy 
9 — 10  flowerered.  Valves  of  the  calyx  unequal,  smaller  than  the 
condia,  mentbranons.  Exterior  valve  of  the  curoUa  \erv  <tbtuse,  7 
nerved,  sonietinies  mucronate  at  the  summit  by  tlie  projectiiii;  nerves  ; 
at  base  are  tiie  rudiments  of  intermediate  nerves ;  uniler  a  leii^  s>li|^lit- 
iy  pubescent,  particularly  along  tiie  nerves,  and  scarious  aiuug  tiio 
margins  ;  interior  valve  longer,  obtuse,  slightly  bifid. 

Grows  in  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina. 

Flowers  .May — August. 


16.  Rcptans.     Midi. 

P.  cuhno  dc'cumbente, 
repente  ;  panicula  parvu- 
la,  subfasciculata ;  spiculis 
lineari-lanccolatis,  nuilti- 
floris ;  glumis  aculibsi- 
niis.     E. 


Stem  decumbent,  creep, 
ini^;  panicle  suiall.  fnv 
quently  rasci«ulateil  ; 
spikes  lineal -lanceolate, 
ma  y  llowered  ;  ;.,lanicd 
very  acute. 


5    O' 


Mich.  1   p  69.     Pursh,  1.  p.  81. 

P.  hypnoides  ?  La  Marck.   I.lus.  1.  p.  185. 

Root  annual,  (Mich.)  Stem  decumbent,  6—18  inches  Ions,  'a^ini; 
root  at  the  joints,  ;r|abrous,  terete.  Leaves  subulate,  >tiiaf,  acute, 
^li.;htly  pubesce  t,  1 — '2  inches  loii'j :  sheath  uenerally  siioiter  t  an 
the  joints,  hairy  at  the  throat.  Fanicle  somewhat  <liHusf  Spike* 
15 — 20  flowered.  Kxteiior  valves  of  \.]\o  cum  la  tapeiin„  t)  a  very 
acute  point,  pale  straw  olour,  midrib  and  'i  nerves  greeu,  and  prom- 
inent, 2  outer  nerves  short,  and  obscure. 

In  the  specimens  given  me  by  Mr.  Correa,  tliere  were  in  some 
spikes  40  florets. 

Grows  in  cultivated,  hiu;h  lands,  near  Beaufort,  in  fertile  soils. 

Collected  in  the  upper  country,  by  Mr.  Correa  dc  ^'erra. 


Flowers  throu";h  the  sununer. 


Creeping  Pua. 


1641 


TRlANDRlA   DIGYNIA^ 


Panicle  lanceolate,  a 
little  branched,  seciind  ; 
branches  alternate,  se- 
ciind. 


17.  Rigid  A. 

P.  panicula  lanceolata, 
sul^ramosa,  secunda ;  ra- 
ni ulis  alternis,  secundis. 
Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  396. 

P.  cristata,    Walt.  p.  80. 

Root  perennial  Stem  2 — 4  inches  high,  assurgenf,  generally  gen?*^ 
culate,  glabr  us,  ri^tl.  Leaves  subulate,  i — U  inches  long,  glabrous  ; 
when  dry  involute,  rigid  ;  sheath  generally  shorter  than  the  joints  j 
stipules  membranous.  Panicle  1 — H  inches  long,  collected  on  one 
side  of  the  stem.  Peduncles  short,  lower  ones  branching.  Hpikeif, 
linear-lanceolate,  5 — 7  Howered  ;  flowers  a  little  remote.  Valves  of 
tl\e  calyx  keeled,  serrulate;  O'  the  corolla^  rounded,  somewhat  acute,' 
generally  tinged  with  dark  purple. 

Grows  in  very  dry  soils.     Common  around  Beaufort. 

riowers  April— May.  Rigid  Poa* 


18.  QuiNQrEFiDA.     Pursh. 


p.  culmo  erecto ;  pan- 
icula majuscula,  patente, 
siibspicata ;  spiculis  quin- 
quefloris,  vulva  exteriore 
coroUse  3 — 5  mucronata. 
E. 


Stem  erect  ;    panicle 
expanding,  some- 


large, 


what  spiked  ;  spike  5 
flowered,  with  the  exte- 
rior valve  of  the  corolla 
3 — 5  pointed, 


Pursh,  I.  p.  81. 

P.  pratensis,  Walt.  p.  80. 

P.  Sesleroides,  iVlich.  1.  p 


68. 


Clayton,  p.  13,  No.  275  >    Poa  flava  ?  Sp.  pi.  1 .  p.  39(7. 


Leaven 
i  lines 


Perennial.  Stem  4  feet  high,  slightly  compressed,  glabrous, 
distichous  at  the  base  of  the  stem,  8  -16  inches  long,  3- 
vide,  slightly  scabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  serrulate  along  the 
margins  ;  sheath  shorter  than  the  joints,  hairy  at  the  throat.  Panicle 
somewhat  verticillate  near  the  base,  with  the  branches  expanding,  di- 
vided,  and  pendulous  at  the  extremities-  Spikes  on  very  short  ped- 
uncles. \alves  of  the  calyx  lanceolate,  acuminate,  unequal,  with 
the  keel  scabrous  near  the  summit.  Exterior  valve  of  the  cor  Ala  dis- 
tinctly 3  nerved,  (5  nerved,  Pursh,)  with  tlie  nerves  projecting  beyond 
the  margins  ;  interior  valve  2  cleft ;  both  hairy  near  the  base,  along 
the  margins  and  nerves,  purple  towards  the  summit.  Anthers  white, 
Myles  2,  shorter  than  the  corolla.     Stigmas  feathered,  purple. 

There  are  probably  more  species  than  one  now  mingled  under  this 
Oame. 

Grows  in  sandy  soils.     With  us  a  common  grass. 

Flowers  September--Octoben  Tall-p^r^h  Fo(^ 


TRIVKDRIA   DIGIKIA. 


160 


id,  AMniGiA.     E. 

P.  p  uiiculji  spicata,  pa- 
teiilc ;  spiels  ovatis,  eras- 
sis,  sessilii)us,  5 — (J  (lo:  is ; 
valva  exlcriore  corollie 
niucronata.     E. 


Panicle  spikcfl.  expand- 
ing ;  spikes  ovate,  thiek, 
sessile,  5 — 6  flowered  ; 
the  exterior  valve  of  the 
corolla  niueronatc. 


Perennial*  Stem  2  foot  liij;li,  terete,  glabrous.  Lrai'es  linear,  g-la- 
brous  ;  sheaths  shorter  than  the  joints,  bearded  at  the  tliroat.  Fan- 
icle  small,  expanding;,  pyramidal,  with  the  branches  alternate. 
Spikes  someuhat  distant,  sessile,  almost  i^labrous,  dark  purple. 
Valves  of  tile  calya'  unequal,  acute.  Exterior  valve  of  tiie  corolla 
ovate,  pointed  just  behind  the  summit  with  the  projectinj;  mitir  ib,  3 
nerved,  tli<»  niar^ins  and  midrib  very  hairy  near  the  base;  interior 
valve  deeply  impressed,  not  hairy. 

1  have  placed  t!»is  plant  heie,  because  it  appears  to  me  evidently 
a  coni^ener  with  the  prece<lini5  species.  Both  have  the  stronj;  pro- 
jecting midrib,  the  sinjjular  fringe,  near  the  base  of  the  corolla,  and 
tliick  compact  spike.      They  are  probably  both  species  of  Koeleria. 

Found  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina,  by  Dr.  Macbride,  and  in  the 
lower  country  of  Georijia,  by  Dr.  Baldwin. 

Flowers — September.  Round-s})iked  Poa. 


BRIZA.     Gen.  pl.  115. 

Calyx  2-valvis,  multi-  |  Calyx  2  valved,  many 
floris.  Spicula  disticha,  |  flowered.  Spikts  distich- 
valvulis  cordatis,  obtusis ;  |  ous,  Avith  the  valves  cor- 
intcriore  miniita.  |  date,  obtuse ;  the  interior 

I  valve  uiiimtc. 


Spikes   lanceolate,  20 
flow  e  red. 


1.    EnAGROSTlS. 

B.  spiculis  lanceolatis, 
flosculis  viginti.  Sp.  pl. 
1.  p.  405. 

Mich.  l.p.  72.     Pursh,  1.  p.  82. 

Jtoot  annual.  Stem  decumbent,  {jeniculate,  j^labi^us,  olumnar. 
Leaves  linear-lanceolate,  smooth  on  the  under  surface,  scabidus  on  tlie 
upper,  and  alonj;  the  edges  ;  sheaths  shorter  than  the  joints,  bearded 
at  the  thmat.  Panicle  decompound,  erect.  Spikes  oblong-ovate, 
slightly  conlate  at  base,  t'lowera  lU — 30.  F^xterior  valve  of  tiic 
corolla  acute,  three  nerved  ;  the  interior  small  ciliate  al(»ng  the 
nerves  ;  tKe  valves  expand,  when  the  seed  is  mature.  Anthers  \\hitC( 
Stigmas  fcatliered. 


166 


TRIANDRIA   DIGYNIA* 


Grows  in   cuUivated  lands.     Very  common.     Perhaps  originally 
imported.  •  Appears  to  connect  the  genus  Foa  to  the  Briza. 

Flowers  June — November.  Common  Briza, 


UNIOLA.     Gen.  pl.  116. 


Calyx  multivalvis.  Spi- 
cula  ovata,  compressa, 
carinata.  Styli  bre vissimi. 
JVectarium  dipliyllum,  e- 
marginatum.  E. 
4.  Pamcula.ta» 
U.  panicula  m^juscula, 
compressa ;  spiculis  sub- 
sessilibus  ;  calyce  5  -val- 
vi ;  floribus  triandris. 


Cahfx  many  valved. 
Spikes  ovate,  compress- 
ed, keeled.  Styles  very 
short.  Kedary  S  leaved, 
emurginate. 

Panicle  large,  com- 
pressed ;  spikes  nearly 
sessile ;  calyx  4 — 5  valv- 
cd ;  liovvers  triandrous. 


Sp.  pl.  1.  p.     Clayt.  p.  No.  909.     Walt.  p.  79. 
D.  maritima,  Mich.  l.p.  7t. 

J?oo^  perennial,  ^tem  erect,  4 — 8  feet  high,  columnar,  glabrous. 
Leaves  3  teet  long,  narrow,  very  acute,  entire,  flat,  not  channelled, 
glabrous,  with  the  upper  surface  slii^htly  scabrous  ;  sheaths  longer 
tl>an  the  joiHts,  densly  fringed  at  the  throat.  Spikes  many  flowered, 
(10) ;  the  upper  florets  generally  sterile.  Exterior  valve  ol  the  corolla 
compressed,  rather  obtuse,  slightly  mucronate,  8  nerved  besides  the 
keel ;  nerves  double;  keel  serrulate  near  the  summit;  margins  slightly 
fringed;  the  interior  of  the  same  length,  the  margins  bent  back  and 
ciliate.  Sectary  2  leaved,  covering  the  germ,  unequally  3  cleft.  Sta 
mens  3.  Anthers  yellow  StyUs  with  the  Stigma,  only  half  as  long 
as  the  corolla.     Stigmas  plumose,  white.     Seed  oblong. 

Orows  abundantly  on  the  sand  hills  that  border  the  ocean. 

Flowers  July-^August.  Sea-shore  Uniola, 

Hea-side  Oats: 


2.    SPICATA. 

U.  foliis  distichis,  in- 
volutis ;  panicula  com- 
pressa ;  calyce  3 — 3  valvi ; 
spiculis  subsessilibus  ; 
floribus  triandris.    E. 


Leaves  distichous,  in- 


volute ; 
pressed 
valved  ; 
sessile  ; 
drous. 


panicle    corn- 
calyx     2 — 3 
spikes    nearly 
flowers    trian- 


TRIANIIRIA    DIGYNI.C 


457 


'^n.  [.1.  1.  p.  406. 
^V  alt.  n.  71). 


I 
Festuca  ilistichophylla,  Mich.  1.  67.     Pnrsh,  1.  p.  84, 

Tloof  creeping,  pev-ennial.  Stun  I  Hiot  hijj;h,  erect,  and  a«fcndm», 
tcreto,  'j;lal»it)us.  Leavr^  subuliifi',  expandirv;;,  acute,  entire,  siiiootli 
on  tlic  uiultM-  surface,  rtliirlitly  ::I  iiirdus  and  sca>»i(»us  oii  the  upper,  in- 
voliife  ;  sheaths  lumber  than  lh»'  jujut-s;  t!ie  throat  ciliate.  Spikft 
8 — 10  Howered.  Calyx  2,  sometimes  3  valved,  smaller  than  the  C(»- 
fiilla.  K^terior  valve  (»f  t'le  cnrotla  compressed,  acute  ;  interior 
valve  of  the  same  len!i;th,  ratlier  obtuse.  v\*  ctarie.s  -X,  coverin;;;  the 
gerui,  dilated  and  olKiisc  at  X\\*t  &uinmit.  Anthers  white.  iitifUs  half 
tije  length  of  the  cor:)Ila.     Stis^rnan  plumose. 

Thii  plant  has  been  transferred  to  the  Festuca,  bv  Michaux  ;  but  its 
corolla,  nectary,  and  styles,  show  its  connection  with  this  genus. 

Grows  in  places  overflowed  by  salt-at  hij^h  tides. 

Fluwers  July — September.  Hpike-Jioivtred  Unioleu 


3.  Latipolia.     Mich. 

U.  panicula  clifTusa  ; 
spiciilis  longe-peduncii- 
latis ;  calyce  trivalvi  ; 
floribus  monandris.     E. 


Panicle  diflRise ;  spikes 
on  long  peduncles ;  calyx 
3  valved ;  flowers  nio- 
nandrous.  * 


Mich.  l.p.  TO.     Pursh,  1.  p.  82. 

Root  perennial  .'  Stem  2  foot  hijh,  terete,  glabronn.  Tjenvfs  4—6 
inches  Inches  long,  \ — I  wide,  flat,  smooth,  with  the  margins  sca- 
brous;  sheaths  longer  than  the  joints  :  throat  cilliate.  Pa ni elf  com- 
pressed  ;  pedicels  of  the  spikes  i — li  inches  lonij.  Hpik-^s  with  7  t» 
11)  fertile  florets,  and  2  or  3  at  the  summit,  sterile.  Exterior  valve 
«f  the  corolla  acute,  IC  nerved,  besides  tlie  keel,  nerves  double  :  keel 
^liate  :  interior  valves  shorter,  with  the  reflexed  margins  finely  ciliate 
vlien  viewed  through  a  lens. 

From  specimens  collected  by  Dr.  Macbride,  in  the  mountains  of  Caro- 
lina. Tne  leaves  of  these  specimens  are  narrower  than  those  ef  some 
sent  me  from  Pennsylvania,  by  Dr.  iMuidenburg;  though  the  species  is 
certainly  the  same. 

Flowers  August — September.  Broad-Uttred  Uninla. 


4.  NiTiDA.     Baldwin. 

U.  foliis  planis,  angus- 
lis  ;  panicula  sparsa,  pa- 
tula  ;  spiculis  suhsessili- 
l)us,  panels  ;  calycibus 
trivalvibus  ;  floribus  nio- 
nandiis.     Bald. 


Leaves  flat,  narrow ; 
panicle  scattered,  ex- 
panding ;  spikes  few, 
nearly  sessile  :  calyx 
three  valved;  flowers  mo 
nandrous. 


168 


TRIANDRIA  DIGTNIA. 


This  species  in  its  liabit  approaches  the  nearest  to  the  U.  latifolia; 
from  which  however  it  is  readily  distinguished  by  its  leaves,  its  thia 
spreading  panicle,  its  smaller  and  fewer  flowered  spike. 
Height  2 — 5  feet  and  upwards.     Baldwin.* 

Grows  at  Crooked  river  bridge,  Camden  countv,  Georgia. 

Flowers  June — July. 


Panicle  racemose,  ap- 
pressed,  slender ;  calyx 
3  valved,  3  flowered  ; 
flowers  loosely  imbricate, 
monandrous. 


5.  Gr\cilis.     Mich. 

U.  panicula  racemosa, 
appressa,  |2cracili  ;  calyce 
3  valvi,  3-floro  ;  floribus 
laxe  imbricatis,  monan- 
dris.     E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  71.     Pursh.   1.  p.  82. 

Roof  perennial.  <Sfeni  erect,  2  feet  high,  terete,  glabrous.  Leaves 
linear,  acute,  flat,  glabrous,  smooth  on  the  under  surface,  scabrous  on 
t'le  upper;  sheaths  shorter  than  the  joints,  with  long  hairs  scattered 
along  tlie  margins  ;  throat  hairy.  Panicle  long,  slender,  erect,  with 
the  branches  appressed.  Spikes  3  flowered.  Anthers  and  Stigmas 
purple* 

Grows  in  rich  soils,  preferring  damp  and  shaded  situations.  Very 
•onimon. 

Flowers  through  the  summer.  Slender  Uniola. 

FESTUCA.     Gen.pl.  119. 


Calyx  2  valvis.  Spi- 
ciila  olDlonga^teretiuscula, 
glumis  acuminatis. 

1.  Ten  ELLA. 

F.  panicula  simplicis- 
•Ima,  secunda ;  spiciilis 
suboctofloris,  aristatis. 
Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  419. 

Pursh.  1.  p.  83. 

Festuca  octoflora,  Walt.  p.  81. 

Festuca  bromoides,  Mich.  1.  p. 

•  It  gives  nie  much  pleasure  to  mention,  tliat  Dr  Baldwin  has  promised  lo 
send  me  in  future  not  only  specimens  bu*  descriptions  of  the  new  plants  with 
V'hich  he  has  enriched,  and  wdl  continue  to  enrich  the  flora  of  the  Southern 
Slates;  and  that  I  sliall  probably  be  able  to  add  from  his  pen  many  observations 
*"  k  J  '^"*^^"  plants,  which  have  hitherto  been  inaccurately  or  imperfectly  de- 
scribed The  notes  of  so  accurate  and  skilful  a  Botanist,  made  from  the  living 
plants.  Will  not  only  prevent  the  mistakes  and  omissions  which  miist  unavoidably 
recur  m  the  examination  of  dried  specimews,  but  wdl  add  to  this  "Sketch"  a 
mass  of  original  observations,  whicU  must  greatly  enhance  its  value. 


Calyx  2  valved.  Spike 
oblong  columnar,  with 
the  glumes  acuminate. 

Panicle  simple,  secund ; 
spikelets  generally  eight 
flowered,  awned. 


66. 


TRIANDRIA    DIGYNIA* 


IG^ 


ttnnt  annual.  Stem  G — 13  inches  liii^li,  erect,  geniculate  n<»ar  tlie 
Toot.  coliUnnar,  roii^lu-iuMl  near  tlie  panicle.  leaves  2 — S  inches  Ion?, 
subulate,  acute,  glalnous  on  the  under  surface,  pubescent  and 
sli:;htlj  scabrous  on  the  upper.  Panicle  leaning;,  composed  of  sim- 
ple racemes.  Spikeleti  lanceolate,  G — 9  floueretl,  nea;ly  sessile. 
I'a'y.v  '2  valved,  valves  une(|ual,  sliijlitly  keeled,  scabrous,  smaller  than 
t'  e  corolla.  CoruUn  2  valved;  exterior  valve  sliuihtly  keelc<l,scal)roug, 
tenninatiiii;  in  an  awn  as  Ion;;  as  the  valve:  iiiteiiur  valve  smaller, 
very  acute,  t'ilitineiits  Cr  scarcely  lon;;Qr  tlian  tlie  germ.  Jinthert 
Jiurple.     Sti^num  [)lumose. 

Tiie  anthers  and  stigmas  appear  in  this  species  rarely  to  project  out 
©f  the  corolla. 

(irows  in  very  dry  soils.     Common. 

Flowers  April — Aiay. 


2.   PoLYSTAcnYA  ?    Micli. 


stem  procumbent,  tak- 
ing root;  panicle  large, 
secund  ;  spikes  lincar- 
lanccolate,  generally  ten 
flowered,  awiied. 


F.  culino  proLuml)ente, 
radicante ;  panicuLi  ma- 
jiiscula,  subsecunda;  spi- 
cislineari-IaMCcolatis,sub- 
decemfloris,  aristutis.    E. 

Mich.  1.  n.  66.   Pursh,   1.  p.  83. 
F.  multitlora,  Walt.  p.  81. 
F.  procumbens,  Muiil.  Cat. 

Rout  perennial  .■•  Stem  1 — 2  feet  hiji^h,  procumbent,  branching,  tak- 
■in^  root  at  the  joints,  columnar,  sjlahrous.  Leaves  8 — M  inches  lonj;, 
narrow,  subulate,  scabrous;  sheaths  much  longer  tlian  the  joints  j 
stipule  a  lacerated  membrane  resembling  hair.  Panicle  erect,  com- 
posed of  many  simple  racemes.  Spikelets  sessile,  t^enerally  10  flow- 
ered. Cnlif.v  2-valved,  the  exterior  small,  very  acute,  keeled;  tlic 
interior  as  lari^e  as  t!ie  condia,  awned.  Corolla  2  valved  ;  the 
exterior  keeled,  lanceolate,  terminated  by  an  awn  rather  shorter  than 
the  valve;  tlie  awn  of  the  upper  florets  diminishing  in  length;  awn  and 
keel  scabrous. 

To  the  F.  multiflora,  "Walt,  and  F.  polystachya,  Mich,  it  bears  much 
irescinblance,  but  does  not  a'^ree  exactly  with  the  description  of  either* 

Grows  in  wet  soils,  around  ponds.     Paris  Island.     Rare  to  me. 

Flowers  September — October.  Procumbent  Festuca. 

3.  MvuRus. 

F.  panicula  o^racili,  co- 
arctata;  splcurH  cpiadri- 
floris,  aristati**.  pilosis  ; 
floribus  monandris.     E. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  422.   Pursh,  1.  p.  83 
F.  myuros,  Mich.  1.  p.  66. 
F.  quadriflora,  Walt.  p.  81. 

W 


Panicle  slender,  ap- 
pressed ;  spiklcts  four- 
llowered,  awned,  liairy  ; 
flowers  monandrous. 


170  TRIANDRIA    Dl  GYNTA. 

Root  antiTtal.  Stpm  6 — 12  inches  long,  erect,  geniculate  near  ihe 
root,  c(»luinnai-,  glabrous  Leaves  '■Z — 3  inches  long,  subulate,  concave^ 
not  keeled,  glabrous  on  the  under  surface,  scabrous  on  the  upper,  and 
alon"-  tlie  margins ;  sheaths  nearly  as  long  as  the  joitits  :  stipules  mem- 
branous. Panicle  equal,  not  secund.  Spikes  4 — r-flo\vered,  nearly 
sessile.  Calyx  2  valved,  valves  unequal,  very  small,  lineai -lanceolate, 
acute.  Corolla  2  valved  ;  exterior  valve  concave,  hairy,  particularly 
near  the  summit,  terminating  in  an  awn  twice  as  long  as  the  valve;  tiiO 
interior  valve  membranous,  lanceolate,  uiiawned.niththe  back  impress- 
ed, as  is  the  case  in  all  spikes  with  distichous  flowers.  Filament  one? 
scarcely  longer  than  the  germ.  Styles  2,  very  short.  Stigmas  plu- 
mose, white.     Seed  oblong,  acute. 

Of  this  plant,  as  of  the  F.  tenella,  I  have  never  seen  the  stamens  or 
pistils  uncovered  by  the  corolla,  yet  I  have  no  doubt  but  that  at  some 
particular  houi ,  or  in  some  peculiar  temperature,  these  organs  are  ex- 
posed to  the  influence  of  the  atmosphere. 

I  once  considered  this  plant  as  distinct  from  the  Linnsean  F.  myur- 
us,  and  named  it  F.  monandra;  the  description  however  of  Lamarck 
in  the  Encyclopedie  Methodi<jue  renders  it  probable  that  it  is  the  same: 
the  onlv  circumstances  which  still  occasion  any  doubt,  the  hairy  corol- 
la and  solitary  filaments,  are  omit'.ed  iu  nis  description. 

Grows  in  \ery  dry  si>il9» 

Flowers  March — ApriL  Hairy -Jiowered  Festuca* 


4.  Parviflorv.  E. 

F.  paniciila  subsequali, 
gracili,  appressa;  spiculis 
tereti-subulatis,  quinque- 
floris,  aristatis ;  calycibus 
muticis.    E. 


Panicle  equal,  slendei'; 
appressed ;  spikelets  te- 
rete subulate,  live-flower- 
ed, avvned  3  c£i\yx  unawii- 
ed. 


Root  fibrous,  perennial.  Stem  12 — 18  inches  high,  slender,  ela* 
brous.  Leaves  linear,  almost  filiforn),  3 — 4  inciies  long,  slightly  sca- 
brous; sheaths  nearly  as  long  as  the  joints;  stipule  membranous,  trun- 
cate. Spikes  terete,  tapering  to  tlie  summit  but  not  compressed  as 
in  F.  tenella.  Valves  of  the  calyx  unequal,  very  acute;  keel  serru- 
late. Exterior  valve  of  the  corolla  terminating  in  an  awn  about  its 
own  length;  interior  valve  small  lanceolate,  with  the  margin  slightly 
reflexed.     Styles  very  short,     ^iigmas  feathered,  white. 

Near  to  F.  spicata,  Pursh.  The  upper  or  interior  florets  are  shor- 
ter at  first  than  the  exterior  by  which  they  appear  to  be  enveloped, 
but  gradually  extend  with  age. 

From  specimens  collected  by  Mr.  J.  S.  Bennett,  in  the  pine  barrea 
near  Orangeburgh, 

Flowers  April, 


TRIANDRIA    DIC.YNIA* 


i7i 


Panicle  scciind,  oblonir, 
I>rancl)in2;  ;  spikelets  six 
MoNvered,  nearly  cylinflii- 
cal ;  radical  leaves  seta- 
ceous, stem  leaves  flat. 


5.  DrnirsriLA. 

F.  paniciila  sccunda. 
i:)l)loni!;a,  raniosa ;  spi  ii- 
lis  sexfloris,  subcylindii- 
tis ;  ioliis  radicalitms  sc- 
taceis,cauliiiis  plaiiis.  Sp. 
pi.   (.p.  451. 

Eng.  Botany,  No.  470.     Pursh  1.  p.  82. 

lioitt  perennial.  (Smith).  Stem  1'2 — 18  inches  hi2;b,  erect,  colnm- 
uar.  "labrous.  Lpaves  4 — G  inches  lony;,  -Z  lines  wide,  siibuUite,  slij^ht- 
Ivftca  irons;  sheatlis  lonj^er  tlian  the  joints;  stipules  nienibranoui*, 
verv  short.  Panicle  erect,  branches  leaniiii;  one  wav,  u^eneraily 
sliort,  >iinple.  Spikes  racemose  on  very  short  peduncles,  (i — 8  flow. 
»*'ed.  Valves  of  tlie  calif.v  unequal,  very  acute,  smaller  than  t!ie  co- 
rnlla.  Kxterior  valve  of  the  corulla  lanceolate,  very  acuti*,  but  not 
awued  ;  interior  similar,  but  smaller  ;  tlie  keels  serrulate,  and  under 
a  strong  lens,  a  fine  pubescence  is  visil>le  all  over  the  corolla. 

Found   neai-  Savunuali  by  Dr.  Baldwin.     Has  doubtless  been  intro 
•  liiced  from  Kuro])e. 

iFlowers 


f).  Grandiflorv.     LaMarrk. 

F.  j)aiiicula  simplici,  e-  ranicle   simple,  erect ; 

recta  ;  spiculis  jjerpaucis.  spikelets  very  lew,  s:ene- 
siihseptemfloi  is  ;  floscu-  |  rally  seven  llow.^red  ;  flo- 
lis  acufis,  distatitibus.        |  rets  acute,  distant. 

Lam.  illust.  1.  p.  191.     Pursh,  1    p.  84. 

Collected  in  Carolina,  by  Mr.  Frascr. 

Large -Jlovcered  Fetluca. 


7.  Unioloides.  AVill 
F.  panicula  contracta ; 
spiculis  compressis,  octo- 
floris,  muticis ;  foliorum 
va2;inis  apice  barbatis. 
AVilld.  Hor.  Bcrol. 


Pursh,  1.  p.  84. 


Panicle  contracted  ; 
spikelets  compressed.  8 
flowered,  unawned   ; 

sbeatbs    of     tlie     leaves 
bearded  at  the  summit. 


Panicle  nodding,  expanding.     Spikes  oblon^-lancculate.     Root  fi.* 
rrous.     Pursh. 
Gi-ows  in  Carolina.     WUld.    Purali. 


i72 


TBIANDRIA   DIGYNlA* 


8,  Nutans. 

F.  panicula  ramis  se- 
ciindis,  nutantibus,  sca- 
bris ;  spiculis  ovatis,com- 
pressis,  subsexfloris  ;  flo- 
ribus,  acutis,  muticis  ; 
foliis  lineari-lanceoltttis. 
Willd. 


Panicle  with  branches 
on  one  side,  nodding,  sca- 
brous ;  spikelets  oVate, 
compressed,  generally  6 
flowered  ;  flowers  acutf^, 
unawned  ;  leaves  linear- 
lanceolate. 


Pursh,  1.  p.  84. 

Stem  2 — 3  feet  hijrh,  terete,  glabrous.  Leaveft  long,  glabroui, 
strongly  nerved  ;  stipules  membranous.  Flowers  almos^t  terete,  much 
longer  than  the  calyx  Exterior  valve  of  the  corolla  concave  ?  5 
nerved,  very  acute. 

Grows  in  Carolina.  Pursh.  My  specimens  are  from  Pennsylva- 
Dia. 

(Flowers  July.     Pursh.  JSTodding  Festuca. 

BROMUS. 


Calyx  2  valved.  Spike- 
let  oblong,  columnar, 
distichous;  with  an  awn 
below  the  summit. 

Panicle  nodding  ; 
spikelets  ovate,  compres- 
sed; glumes  naked,  dis- 
tinct ;  awns  subulate, 
short,  straight. 


Calyx  2-valvis.  Spicu- 
la  oblonga,  teres,  dibticha ; 
arista  infra  apicem. 

1.  Secalinus. 

B.  panicula  nutante  ; 
spiculis  ovatis,  compres- 
sis;  glumis  nudis,  dis- 
tinctis ;  aristis  subulatis, 
brevioribus,  rectis.  Sp. 
pi.  1.  p.  4^8. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  85. 

Root  annual  ?  Stem  2  feet  high,  erect,  columnar,  glabrous,  thick- 
ened at  the  joints.  Leaves  6 — 14  inches  long,  S — 4  lines  wide,  some- 
vhat  glabrous  on  the  under  surface,  hairy  on  the  upper  and  ciliate. 
Tanicle  oblong,  erect,  branching.  Spikes  on  peduncles  generally 
5 — 10  lines  long,  oblong-ovate,  8 — 10  flowered,  compact ;  Horets  large. 
Valves  of  the  cafy.r  unequal,  lanceolate,  acute,  unawned  ;  the  interior 
as  large  as  the  corolla.  Exterior  valve  of  the  corolla  ovate,  emargi- 
nate,  7  nerved,  under  a  lens,  pubescent,  particularly  along  the  midrib ; 
awn  very  short,  straight;  the  inner  valve  smaller,  reflexed,  with  the 
margins  ciliate.  The  awn  is  said  to  be  slightly  reflexed  when  the 
seed  is  mature. 

From  specimens  sent  from  St  John's,  by  Dr.  Macbride. 

ilowers  July. 


TRIANDRIA    DIGYNIA. 


ira 


».    ClLTATr«5. 

B.    paniciila    nutante  ;  Panicle        nodding  ; 

foliis  utrinque^  vai:;iiiis-  leaves  on  both  sides,  and 
que  subpilosis  ;  f!;linnis  the sheatiis  hairy;  2;lame3 
cihatis ;  spiculis  lineari-  ciHatc ;  spikelets  linear- 
lanceolati?,  8 — iO  (loris.     lanceolate,  8—10  llower* 

cd. 

Sp.  pl.  1.  p.  455.     Pursh,  1.  p.  85, 

Jiuot  perennial.  Stpm  slender.  Panicle  conspicuoiisW  noddlnij, 
(T^inii.)  Spik-ps  slender,  nearly  cylindrical.  Valves  of  the  cn/i/.r  iiu- 
e<|ual,  verv  acAjfe,  but  not  awneil,  pubescent.  Valves  of  the  cnrolla 
unequal:  exterior  lanceolate,  concave,  pubescent,  ciliate,  with  three 
strong:  double  nerves  and  four  obscure  ones  alternately  arranged  ; 
awn  nearly  as  lon:^  as  the  valve  :  the  interior  valve  much  smaller, 
lanceolate,  \vith  tlie  mar^jins  reflexed,  ciliate.  Sfampiis  3.  Anthers 
yellow.     -Stifles  short.     A^ectaries  obovate,  emarf^inate? 

This  is  the  B.  ciliatu«,of  Dr.  Muhlenbur<;;  but  it  may  admit  of  some 
«loubt  whether  it  is  the  B.  ciliatus,  of  Linnseus.  Linnpeus  remarks, 
that  the  mar-jins,  and  not  the  back,  are  very  hairy  ;  in  this  plant,  the 
back  and  margins  are  equally  haiiy. 

(irows  in  tlie  mountains  of  Carolina.  Found  on  the  Oakmulgec,  bj 
pr.  Baldwin. 

Flowers  May — Julj.  Fringed  Bromns.^ 


3.    PCRGANS. 

E.     panicula  nutante,  j 

crispa  ;     foliis  utrinqiie 

niidis  ;    vaginis  villosis  ; 

glumis   pilosis.  Sp.   pl. 
431. 


Panicle  nodding  ; 
leaves  naked  ;  sheaths 
villous ;  glumes  hahy. 


Root  perennial.  Stem  erect,  1- — 2  feet  liijjh  columnar,  glabrous. 
Leave's  & — 12  inches  Ions;,  2 — 3  lines  wide,  scabrous,  free  from  hair; 
sheaths  much  longei  than  the  joints,  clothing  the  stem  completely,  ex- 
tremely villous,  with  the  hairs  generally  reflected  ;  stipules  a  hairy 
membrane.  Panicle  diftuse,  pe<luncles  hairy,  flexuous  ;  spikes  lance- 
olate, very  acute,  4 — 6  flowered.  Valves  of  the  caly.r  unequal,  lan- 
ceolate; the  exterior  very  acute;  the  interior  awned  ;  both  hairy. 
Kxterior  valve  of  the  corolla  larger  than  the  calyx,  awned,  near  tlitf 
summit  hairy;  the  interior  ciliate. 

(irows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina. 

Flowers  July — September.  Cathartic  Bromus. 


t7* 


TRIANDRIA   DIGYNIA- 


AVENA. 


Cnhfx  g  valved,  many 
flowered.  Awn  dorsaly 
contorted. 


Flowers  spiked ;  calyx 
longer  than  the  six  flow- 
ered spikelets ;  the  exte- 
rior petals  awned,  and 
forked. 


Calyx  2-valvis,  multi- 
florus.  Arista  dorsalis, 
contorts. 

1.  Spicata. 

A.  spicata  ;  calycibus 
spiculis  sexfloris  longiori- 
bns ;  petaSo  exteriore  a- 
pice  arlstato,  furcatoque. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  453. 

Pi;rsh,  1.  p.  86. 

A.  glumosa,  Mich.  1.  p.  72. 

Hoot  perennial  ?  Stem  2  feet  high,  erect,  columnar,  somewhat  gla- 
brous, pubescent  near  the  suminit.  Leavps  2 — 4  inches  long,  subu- 
late, acute,  rather  flat,  glabrous  on  the  upper  surface,  pubescent,  al- 
Kiost  villous  on  the  under  ;  sheaths  villous,  shorter  than  the  joints, 
bv'arded  at  tlie  throat.  P«>i<'c/g  small ;  branches  simple;  spikes  ra- 
cemose, on  peduncles  2 — 6  lines  long.  Calyx  2  valved,  generally 
six-flowered  ;  valves  longer  tlian  the  spike,  compressed,  keeled  ;  the 
keel  finely  serrulate  ;  margins  membranous.  Cofulla  2  valved  ;  exte- 
rior valve  lanceolate,  compressed,  very  villous,  the  sides  terminating  in 
t.o  awns  nearly  as  long  as  the  valve,  between  M'hich  arises  a  contort- 
e  I,  spiral,  dorsal  awn  twice  as  long  as  the  valve;  interior  valve  much 
stnaller,  lanceolate,  finely  frin<jed. 

Grows  in  the  upper  districts  of  Georgia  and  Carolina,  in  high  land. 
Columbia  county,  Georgia. 

Flowers  April.  Spike -flowered  dvena. 


2.    PENNS^LTAN1CA. 

A.  panicula  attenuata  ; 
calycil'us  l)ifloris  ;  semi- 
nibus  villosis  ;  aristis  ca- 
lyce  duplo 
Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  M5. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  85. 

Grows  in  Carolina,  Pursh. 
Georgia,  by  Dr.  Baldwin, 
Flt>wers  May — June. 


longioribus. 


Panicle  slender ;  calyx 
two-flowered  ;  seeds  vil- 
lous ;  the  awn  twice  as 
long  as  the  calyx. 


Found   in  the  western  districts  of 
Fennsylvanian  Oat-Grass, 


THIANDRIA    DICYNIA. 


17  J 


ELEUSINi:. 


Flmcrrs  on  ono  ?i  If^  of 
the  i-ii  -hi-,  i'uf'ii-  4  valv- 
C(l,5— G  llowered  ;  all  the 
llorcts  Icrlile. 

Stem  croct ;  panido 
very  long;  spikes  alter- 
nate, liiiionn,  Ion.:;;  sj)ikc- 
lets  lilirorin,  gencjally  3 
llowcrcd. 


F/orrs  laterale?.  Ca- 
hf.r  hivalvis,  ^ — o  llorus  ; 
tlures  unines  I'ertilcs. 

1.    Ml  I  RON  AT  A  ?      ^Mcll. 

E?  culnio  ciecto;  paii- 
iciila  pr.TlDUga  ;  spkis 
alternis.  iilifoi-Miihus,  lt)n- 
gis ;  spiciilis  lililbriuibus, 
subtrill)i'is.    E. 

Mich.  l.p.  C,5.     Puish,  1.  p.  87. 
E.  filiturmis,  Mulil.  tat. 

■^  Root  annual  .^  Stem  1 — ;3  feet  lii'j;!),  terete,  {glabrous.  Leaves  6 — T2 
inches  lon<;,  4 — 3  lines  wide,  sli;^litly  scabrous;  sheaths  generally 
l(»tii;er  than  the  joints,  hispid  :  sti|)ules  ineinbrannus.  short,  bearded  at 
tue  suinnut.  Panicle  1 — -2  feet  loni^.  ISpikes  4 — J  inches  Ion.;.  Ca- 
/y.r,  valves  nearly  equal,  keeled,  acute,  the  keel  coloured,  the  uur- 
l^ins  membranous.  Corolla  2  valved,  valves  uriefjual  ;  the  exterior 
longer,  concave,  not  keeled,  obtuse,  hairy.  Fitamt'tits  3.  Jiithers 
very  pale  purple.  Stylf^i  scarcely  as  lonj^  as  the  corolla.  <>li>^iiuis 
blender,  dark  purple,  leathered. 

The  valves  of  the  calyx  are  very  acute,  but  I  should  not  call  them 
mucronate.  NVe  have  prol)ably  more  species  than  one  w  ith  filiforu) 
spikes.  To  t!ie  E.  indica  this  plant  has  so  little  ap[nirent  allinitv ,  that 
il  will  probably  yet  i)e  separated  from  tliis  genus. 

(jrows  in  cultivated  land  ;  nut  rare. 

Flowers  July — October. 


Spikes  di2;itate,  strai2;hf, 
linear ;  spikelets  lanceo- 
late, 5  fljwcretl  ;  stem 
compressed, 


2.    IiVDICA. 

E.  spicis  digitatis,  stric- 
tis,  linearibus  ;  spicidis 
lanceolatis,  quinquefloris; 
culnio  compresso,  dccli- 
nato,  glal)ro.     E. 

Mich.  I.  p.  64.     Pursh,  1.  p.  87. 

Cynosurus  Indicu?,  Sp.  pi.  i.  p.  417.     "NN'alt.  p.  ;V2. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  1 — 2  feet  hi^h,  decumbent,  shining;  jointa 
incrassate.  leave's  loii'jj,  linear,  the  under  surface  smooth,  ^laI»ron..  ; 
the  upper  hairy,  scabrous;  bheatii*  lou^j,  hairy,  coiupres&ed.     tiyikes 


glabrous. 


declining. 


17ft 


TRIANDRIA   DIGYNIA. 


S — 7,  generally  5 ;  4  digitate,  and  1  below.  Spikelets  4 — 6  flowerftd^ 
(I  have  found  them  most  commonly  5  flowered.)  Calyx,  valves  un- 
equal, acute,  keeled  ;  keels  scabrous.  Corolla^  valves  acute.  Sta* 
mens  3.    Styles  2. 

Grows  in  rich  cultivated  land  very  abundantly.     It  is  a  fine  succu- 
lent grass,  and  one  of  our  best  grasses  for  hay.    It  makes  its  appearance 
BHich  later  in  the  spring  than  the  crab-grass,  but  grows  more  luxu- 
rlantly  and  vittorously. 
Flowers  June — October.  Indian  Eleusine, — Crow-foot  Grass, 


3.  Cruciata.     E. 

E  ?  spicis  quaternis,  pa- 
te ntibus,  mucronatis ;  spi- 
culis  subtrifloris ;  calycis 
\alvula  exteriore  aristata, 
coroUse  acutissima.     E. 


Spikes  by  fours, 
expanding,  nmcronate  ; 
spikelets  generally  3 
flowered ;  the  exterior 
valve  of  the  calyx  av^ned^ 
of  the  corolla  very  acute. 


Chloris  mucronata,  Mich.  1.  p.  59. 
Pursh,  1.  p. 

Moot  annual.  Stem  12 — 18  inches  high,  decumbent,  finally  assiir" 
gent,  geniculate,  taking  root  at  the  joint,  glabrous.  Leaves  distintly 
alternate,  narrow,  4 — 8  inches  long,  2 — 3  lines  wide,  acute,  slightly 
undulate,  hairy,  ciliate  ;  sheaths  scarcely  half  as  long  as  the  joints  ; 
stipules  membranous.  Spikes  sometimes  2 — 3,  but  in  vigorous  plants 
always  4  ;  the  rachis  extends  with  an  acute  point  almost  half  an  inchi 
beyond  the  spikelets  ;  spikelets  3  flowered,  2  fertile,  the  terminal 
floret  sterile,  sometimes  wanting ;  florets  diverging.  Calyx  2  valved,  ex- 
terior valve  ovate,  keeled,  emarginate,  awned ;  the  interior  small, 
acute,  unawned.  Corolla  2  valved  :  the  exterior  valve  keeled,  witli 
the  keel  serrulate,  compressed,  slightly  recurved,  acuminate  ;  the  in- 
terior valve  smaller. 
•Grows  in  cultivated  ground;  common. 

Flowers  July — October.  Cross-spiked  Eleusine* 


MONOCERA. 


JYor^slaterales.  Calyx 
3-valvis,  multiflorus ;  val- 
\is  sub  apice  aristatis. 


Herm.    Corolla  bjval- 
\is  ;  valvis  insequalibus  j 


Flowers  on  one  side  of 
the  rachis.  Calyx  3  val- 
ved, many  flowered  ;  the 
valves  awned  below  the 
summit. 

Herm.  Corolla  2  val- 
ved, unequal  5    the   ex- 


TIUANDRIA    Dir.\NlA. 


irr 


exioriore  sub  apicc  aris-     terior   valve   awned   be- 
lata.  low  the  suniniit. 

Neiit.   Carol iab\\sx\\y:         Ncut.    Corolla  2  valv- 
valvis  nuiiicis.  |  ed  ;  valves  unawiied. 

1.    A  UO  VI A  Tic  A. 

iE^ilftps  anmiaticiim,  Walt.  p.  249. 

Cliloris  inonosUcliya,  Mich.  I.  p.  59.     Sp.  pi.  4.  p.  928.     Pursh. 

liont  pt'ionnial.  Stem  5 — 4  feet  ))iy;li,  coluiniiar,  pubescent,  slight* 
h  scabrous.  Leaves  4 — 12  inches  loiitc,  2 — t  lines  wide,  glabrous  on 
tVe  u!i(lor  surface,  the  upper  surface  and  niars;ins  scabrous  :  slieaths 
lialf  as  lun;i  as  the  joints,  scabrous,  hairy  at  the  throat.  <b'///Afs  (ernii- 
nal.  s<ditarv,  secund  ;  spikelets  in  two  rows.  liachis  naked  at  tlie 
summit.  Calyjt  3  valved,  f)  flowered  : ^exterior  valve  (involucruffl  ?) 
lanceolate,  acute,  somewhat  compressed,  villous  at  base,  with  three 
pron\inent  nerves  along  the  back,  roughened  with  globular  glands  ; 
from  the  centre  of  the  back  an  awn  half  an  inch  long  projects  like  a 
horn:  the  two  interior  valv<.s  lanceolate,  crmpressed,  with  tlic  mar- 
gins villous,  a  d  a  straight,  short  awn  nea  the  summit.  Corolla  2 
valved  ;  exterior  valve  similar  to  the  interior  valves  of  the  calyx,  but 
gradua  Iv  diminishing;  the  interior  valv(*  smaller,  acute,  pubescent; 
the  terminal  neutral  floret  2  valved;  vaUes  small,  unawned.  Fila- 
vients  3.  ^'inthem  white.  Styles  2.  shorter  than  the  corolla.  Stig- 
mas plumose,  purple.     JSWtnvies  2,  obovate.  sliorter  than  tlie  germ. 

(irows  in  the  op<'n  ponds  and  savannahs  of  the  pine  barrens.     Ve- 
ry pungent  to  tlie  taste. 
"  Flowers  May — July.  Tooth-ache  Grass. 

In  this  plant,  us  in  the  Eleusin?  cruciata.  and  even  indica,  the  ter- 
minal florets  are  frecpientlv  al)(»rtive  :  but  they  gradually  diminish, 
and  ppearto  have  been  sterile,  because  the  spite  had  produced  more 
buds  than  t  could  mature.  This  occurs  in  most  spike-I  grasses,  and  in 
many  other  plants  :  but  these  abortive  flowers  are  very  distinct  from 
the  pedicelled  neutral  floret  of  the  ('hloris.  (1  speak  of  the  C.  petrsra). 
Neither  is  there  in  this  plant,  nor  in  the  E.  cruciata.  an\  thing  in  the 
coridia  resembling  the  concave,  riijiil,  cartilaginous,  and  almost  horny 
eoroUa  of  the  Chloris  j  I  have  tliereforer  einovcd  tliem  from  tliat  genus. 


CIILORIS. 


Flares  u  nil  ate  rales.  Ca- 
hjx  l)ivalvis,  2 — 6  (lo- 
rus  ;  flore  aliero  sessili, 
hermaphrodito,  altero 
pediceliato,  musculo. 


Flowers  on  one  side  ol 
the  rachis.  Calyx  2 — 6 
flowered  :  one  (lower 
scs-ile,  hermaphrodite, 
one  pcdiccilcd,  male. 


178 


TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA. 


Herm.  Corolla  bival- 
\is  ;  valvula  exteriore  co- 
riacea.  Arista  terniina- 
lis.  Stamina  3.  Styli  -z. 
Semen  1. 

Masc.  Corolla  iini  s. 
bivalvis,  arislata.  Stam- 
ina 3,  s.  0. 

1.    PjiTRiEA. 

C.  spicis  quaternis, 
(5.6-nis),stiictis,  erectis ; 
flosciilis  imbricatis,  sub- 
glabiis,  muticis ;  valvula 
exteriore  calycis  aristala ; 
culmo  compresso.  Sp. 
pi.  4.  p.  924. 

Mich.  1.  p.  58.     Pursh,  1.  p.  87. 

Moot  perennial.  Stem  prostrate,  branching,  taking  root  at  the 
joints,  geniculate,  compressed,  ascending.  Leaves  about  3  inch-  . 
long,  obtuse,  glabrous,  somewhat  glaucous,  slightly  channelled,  with 
the  margins  and  keel  serrulate  ;  sheaths  longer  than  the  joints,  com- 
pressed, with  the  back  serrulate,  coijtracted  at  the  throat.  Calyx  2 
valved,  2  flowered,  hermaphrodite  and  neuter  ;  exterior  valve  obo- 
vate,  emarginate,  awned  with  a  scabrous  midrib ;  interior  smaller, 
keeled,  very  acute.  Corolla  of  the  hermaphrodite  jioiver  2  valved, 
much  larger  than  the  calyx  ;  the  exterior  valve  concave,  rigid,  carti- 
laginous, dark  brown,  ciliate  along  the  margins,  the  midrib  termina- 
ting in  a  s/zorf  cicn  ;  the  interior  smaller,  membranous,  the  margins 
reflexed,  both  slightly  emarginate  ;  the  neutral  floret  on  a  short  tliick 
pedicel,  one  valved,  concave,  obtuse,  pale  brown,  nerved  along  the 
margin. 

Grows  in  soils  exposed  to  the  influence  of  salt  water. 

Flowers  June — August.  Sea-side  Chloris. 


Herm.  Corolla  2  valv- 
ed ;  the  exterior  valve 
coriaceous.  Jiwn  ter- 
minal. Stamens  %  Styles 
2.    Seed  1. 

Masc.  Corolla  i — S 
valved,  awned.  Stamens 
3  or  0. 

Spikes  by  fours,  digi- 
tate, straight,  erect;  flow- 
ers imbiicate,  glabrous, 
unawned  ;  the  exterior 
valve  of  the  calyx  awn- 
ed 5  stem  compressed. 


ROTTBOELLA. 


Bachis  articulata,  tere- 
tiuscula,  in  pluribus  fili- 
formis,    Calyx  ovato-lan- 


Rachis  jointed,  some- 
what  terete,  common- 
ly  filiform.    Calyx  ovate- 


THIANDRIA  DIGYNlA. 


179 


coolatiis.  yiUiniis,  imi  vd 
Mvalvj^j////  Tcl  bijfonis. 
FInsculi  altcrni  in  ruclii 
flcxuosa. 

i.    DlMiniATA  ? 

H.  spica  comprcssa,  li- 
neari,  uni  latcridora  ;  ca- 
Ivce  hivalvi,  bifloro,  llore 
cxtcriorc  masculo,  intc- 
riurc  Iicnnaplirodito.    E. 


lanceolate,  flat,  1  or  3 
valvcd,  1  or  Z  llowered. 
/'7<^;v'/5  alternate  on  a  tiex- 
uous  racliis. 

Spike  compressed,  li- 
near, flowering  on  one 
side  ;  calyx  two  valved, 
two  flowered,  the  exte- 
rior floret  male,  the  inte- 
rior hermapiuodite. 


Mich.  1.  p  60. 

Isclipeinum  secumlatum  ?  Walt.  p.  249. 

Root  perennial.  Stems  creeping,  slightly  compressed,  branching, 
glabrous,  breaking  easily  at  the  joints.  Leaves  perennial,  4 — 10  inches 
long,  2 — 3  lines  wide,  obtuse,  very  glabrous,  compressed,  serrulate 
near  the  summit,  frequently  opposite  ;  slieuth  compressed,  smooth, 
contracted  at  the  throat  ;  stipules  bearded.  Spikes  terminal,  flat, 
flowering  on  one  side;  Hoxvers  alternate,  sitting  in  depressions  in  the 
margins  of  the  rachis.  Valves  of  the  calyx  unequal,  the  exterior  much 
shorter  than  the  corolla,  rounded  :  the  interior  lanceolate,  concave, 
as  long  as  the  corolla.  V'alves  of  the  corolla  lanceolate,  acute,  the  in- 
terior a  little  shorter  :  both  florets  similar.  A'ectaries  2,  oblong,  ob- 
tuse, shorter  than  the  germ.  Anthers  and  stigmas  yellowish.  Heed 
oval,  flat  on  one  side. 

Grows  near  salt  water  in  every  soil. 

Flowers  through  tlie  whole  sumujcr. 

As  the  European  botanists  who  have  it  in  their  power  to  asceiiain 
the  fact  still  consider  this  plant  as  the  R.  dimidata  of  Linnseus,  I 
have  retained  thf  name  adiling  the  note  of  doubt,  and  altered  the 
specific  character  to  suit  our  plant ;  but  it  has  always  appeared  to  me 
more  nearly  allied  to  11.  compressa.  The  figure  in  La  Marck's  Il- 
lustrations, t.  43.  f.  Lb.  for  U.  compres^sa  resembles  our  plant  very 
strongly. 


ELYMUS. 


Cah/x  lateralis,  hival- 
vis,  aggregatus,  inultiflo. 
nis. 


Cah/x  lateral,  2  valved, 
aggregate,  many  flower- 
ed. 


J180 


TRIANDRIA  DIGYNIA. 


Spike  erect,  i(|lkeleta 
3  flowered,  awned,  gla- 
l)rous,  by  pairs ;  calyx 
lanceolate,  nerved,  as  long 
as  the  spikes. 


1.    ViRGINICUS. 

E.  spica  erecta,spiculis 
tiifloris,  aristatis,  glabiis, 
geniinatis;  calycibus  lan- 
ceolatis  nervosis  spiculas 
sequantibus,  Willd.  E- 
num.  131. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  469. 

Mich.  I.  p.  65. 

E.  Carolinianus,  Walt.  p.  82. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  89. 

Eoot  perennial.  Stem  2 — 3  feet  high,  erect  columnar,  glabroua. 
Leaves  8 — 12  inches  long,  2 — 3  lines  wide,  acute,  scabrous  ;  sheaths 
glabrous  ;  stipules  very  short  or  none.  Calyx^  2  valves  to  each  spike  of 
florets,  somewhat  lateral,  so  that  that  the  calyxes  form  a  sort  of  invo- 
lucrum  around  the  inclosed  spikes;  valves  lanceolate, thick,  flexuous, 
deeply  striate,  terminating  in  an  awn  about  their  own  length.  Corol' 
la  2  valved  ;  the  exterior  lanceolate,  concave,  awned  ;  the  interior 
lanceolate,  obtuse,  serrulate,  as  long  as  the  exterior  valve  excluding 
the  awn.  The  awn  of  the  exterior  floret  longer  than  the  awn  of  the 
calyx  ;  the  other  gradually  diminishing  in  length. 

My  specimens  have  generally  4  perfect  florets  besides  1  or  2  abor- 
tive ones  on  each  spike. 

Grows  generally  in  dry  soils.  At  the  Sister's  Ferry,  Savannah 
river,  on  its  margin. 

Flowers  June — August. 


2.  Striatus. 

E.  spica  erecta,  spicu- 
lis  bifloris.  a  istatis,  liis- 
pidis,  geminatis ;  calyci- 
bus  lineaiibus,  nervosis, 
aristatis,  spiculis  fere  su 
perantibus ;  foliis  vaginis- 
que  glabiis.  Willd.  E- 
num.  131. 


Spike  erect ;  spikelets 
2  flowered,  awned,  bispid, 
by  pairs ;  calyx  linear, 
nerved,  awned,  rather 
longer  than  the  spikes ; 
leaves  and  sheaths  gla- 
brous. 


Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  470. 
Pursh,  1.  p.  89. 

Grows  in  the  north-western  districts  of  Georgia. 
Fowers  July— September. 


Muhl. 


TRIANDRIA  TRIGYNIA. 


2di 


3.  KrROPF.1  s. 

E.  spicii  CHM  ta,  s|)icu- 
lis  billoris  aristalis,  invo- 
liicro  l;cvi  fpqualil)us. 
l*ersoon,  l.  p.  107. 

Sn.  pi.  I.  p.  470. 
Muhl.  Cat.  p.  14. 

Very  similar  to  tlie  E.  Virginicus,  but  differing  by  its  smooth  inrO' 
lucrum.     Liiiii. 


Spike  erect  ;  spikelets 
2  flowered,  awnetl,  as 
loni];  as  the  smooth  iiivo- 
lucrimi. 


Spike  erect ;  spikelets 
expurulinii;,  destitute  of 
an  iiivolucrum. 


4.    HVSTRIX. 

E.  spica  erecta  ;  spicu- 
lis  patentibus  involuiro 
destitutis.  Sp.  pi.  1.  p. 
471. 

Muhl.  Cat.  p.  14. 

Spike  composed  of  two  spikelets  at  each  tooth  of  the  rachis, 
Spikelets  composed  of  4  flowers  with  long  awns.  Jnvolucrum  0,  but 
in  its  place  2  callous  bodies.     Lion. 

I  have  had  no  opportunity  of  comparing  my  specimens  with  others 
of  Uiis  species  from  tlie  eastern  heinispliere  :  in  ours  the  spikes  are 
erect,  generally  3  flowered,  and  tlie  corolla  very  smooth. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina,  and  in  the  country  of  the 
Creeks,  Ur.  Baldwin. 

Flowers  June — August. 


vwvw  wv  w>  v^v  w^^wvv^^v 


TRIGlWLi. 


PROSERPINACA. 


Calyx  3-partitus,  supe- 
rus. 

Corolla  0.  Kut  3-locu- 
laris. 

i.  Palustris. 

p.    foliis    supcriorilnis  |       Upper  leaves  lanceo- 
laiiceolatis.  senalis,  infe-  }  late,  serrate,   the   lower 


Cali/ic  3-parted,  supe- 
rior. 

Corolla  0.    A'w^  3-caI- 
j  led. 


183  TRIANDRIA  TRTGYNiA, 

rioribus  pectinatis ;  nucis  |  pectinate;  angles  of  the 
angulis  aciitis.  E.  |  nut  acute. 

Sp.  pi.  p.  492.  Walt.  p.  84.  Mich.  p.  76.  Var.  a.  Pursh,  1.  p.  92. 

Root  fibrous,  perennial .''  Stem  herbaceous,  procumbent,  assurgent, 
branching,  glabrous,  columnar,  generally  coloured,  (reddish  or  purple.) 
Leaves  alternate,  sessile  ;  the  lower  frequently  submersed,  pectinate ; 
the  middle  incised  ;  the  upper  acute,  doubly  serrate ;  all  glabrous. 
flowers  1 — 3,  axillary,  nearly  sessile.  Calyx  3  leaved  ?  leaves  lan- 
ceolate, expanding,  persistent.  Filaments  nearly  the  length  of  the 
calyx,  affixed  to  the  summit  of  the  germ,  opposite  to  the  leaves  of 
the  calyx,  alternating  with  the  stigmas.  Jinthers  erect,  at  first 
sessile.  Germ  inferior,  3  angled,  angles  very  sharp,  almost  winged. 
Styles  0.  Stigmas  3,  glandular,  bright  purple,  expanding.  Fruit  a 
JV'i<i  3  celled,  not  opening.     Seed  one  in  each  cell,  oblong. 

Grows  in  ditches  and  shallow  waters. 
Flowers  April. 

2.  Pectinata.     La  Marck. 


P.  foliis  omnibus  pec- 
tinatis,  nuce  majore  an- 
gulis obtusis.     E. 


All  the  leaves  pectinate. 
Nut  larger  with  obtuse 
angles. 

La  Marck,  Illust.  1.  p.  214.     Pursh  1   p.  92. 
P.  palustris,  var.  b.  Mich.  1.  p.  76. 

Root  perennial  ?  stem  herbaceous,  erect,  sometimes  procumbent, 
2 — 8  inches  high,  rarely  branching,  angled  near  the  summit.  Leaves 
alternate,  glabrous,  pectinate  ;  segments  linear,  acute,  expanding. 
Flowery  1 — 3,  axillary,  nearly  sessile  atigmas  white.  JVut  3  ang- 
led, larj;er  than  in  the  preceding  species  with  the  angles  obtuse. 

Grows  in  shallow  w  ater,  common  around  pine-barren  ponds  in  Chat' 
ham  county,  Georgia. 

Flowers  May — April. 


POLYCARPON. 


Calyx  5  leaved.  Pe- 
tals 5,  very  small,  ovate. 
Capsule  1 -celled,  3  val- 
ved. 


Calyx  .5— phyllus.  Pe- 
tala  5,  ndiiima,  ovata. 
Capsula  1 — locularis,  tri- 
valvis. 

1.  Tetraphyllum. 

Sp.  pi.  1 .  p.  490. 

jRooi  somewhat  fusiform,  annual?  Stem  2> — 6  inches  high,  ascend- 
ing or  erect,  much  branched,  glabrous,  striate,  knotted.  Leaues  op- 
posite and  by  fours,  obovate,  obtuse,  entire,  glabrous,  narrowed  at 


TRTANnniA  TRir.YNK. 


188 


base,  4 — 6  lines  l()n<r,  2-3  wide.  Stipules  '2 — 4  or  more  at  each 
joint,  inembraiiiius,  ovate  lanceolate,  aciiininate.  Flnwt'rswx  ciryru- 
bose  panicles  tt-r  iniiial  and  lateral ;  panicles  dicliotonious  with  a  tl(»\ver 
in  each  <livisi(»n  :  peduncles  1 — 2  lines  lonj:.  Cnlif.v  persistent,  leave* 
aciiminate,  the  keel  |;reen,  margins  nieinhraiious :  the  tw«i  extciior 
leaves  a  little  shorter.  I'ctals  tliree  or  lour  times  shorter  t!'an  the  ca- 
Ivx,  finar-^inate,  white,  persistent.  Fitamt'tits  3  longer  than  the  co- 
rolla, ^'inthers  nearly  j^lobose,  yellow.  Gfrm  uperior,  slijihtly  3 
tn;;led.  Style  one  .•*  persistent,  3  cleft  Slie;nias  simple.  Capsule 
ovate,  one  celled.  Seeds  many,  6 — 10,  nearly  oval,  attached  bj 
their  bases  to  the  marj^in  of  the  valve. 

I  have  never  seen  a  flower  with  three  distinct  stvles. 

Grows  around  Charleston  abundantly,  and  was  probably  introduced 
from  .*^pain  or  I'oitujjal.  < 

Flowers  May — June 

For  P.  unijlurum  of  Walter,  see  Arenaria.  • 


MOLLUGO. 


Calyx  5-pliyllus.  Co- 
rolla 0.  Capsula  3-locu- 
laris,  3-valvis. 

1.  Verticillata. 

M.  foliis  verticillatis. 
cuneirorniil)us,  acutis  ; 
caulc  siibdiviso,  decum- 
bente ;  pcdunculis  uiiillo- 
ris.     Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  41)5. 

Walt.  p.  83.     Mich.  1.  p.  77. 


Calyx  5  leaved.  Co- 
rolla 0.  Capsule  3  celledj 
3  valved. 

Leaves  veilicillate, 
wedge-shaped,  acute  ; 
stem  somewhat  divided, 
decumbent  ;  peduncles 
1  flowered. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  92. 

Ilout  annual.  Stem  prostrate,  branching,  columnar, smooth.  Leaves 
■•essile,  generally  6  in  a  whorl,  glabrous.  Floaters  axillary,  many 
around  each  whorl;  peduncles  half  an  inch  long,  slender.  Calyx  ex- 
panding, leaves  lanceolate,  acute,  3  nerved,  with  the  margins  mem- 
branous. Filaments  3,  lon;;er  than  the  germ.  Jintliers  nearly  round. 
6rerm  ovate,  superior.  Styles  3,  short.  .SVini-wuis  recurved,  plumose. 
Capsule  ovate,  3  furrowed.  Seeds  many,  somewhat  kiduey-shaped, 
attached  in  two  rows  to  a  central  receptacle  in  each  cell. 

Very  common  in  cultivated  ground. 

FloM  ers  April — SJeptcmber. 

LECHEA. 


Calyx  3-phvlius.     Pc- 
tola  3.     Capsula  3-locu- 


Calyx  3  leaved.     P<?- 
tals  3.     Capsule  3  celled. 


184 


TRTANDRIA    TRfGYNIA. 


fans;    valvulis    totidem 
interioribus.    Semen  i  m 


3  valved,  with  as  many 
interior  valves.  Seed  l 
in  each  cell. 

Radical  branches  pros- 
trate, villous ;  leaves  lan- 
ceolate, mucronate,  hairy; 
panicles  small,  flowers 
clustered ;  stem  erect. 


ioculo  singulo. 

i.    VlLLOSA. 

L.  ramis  radicalibus 
prostratis,  villosis ;  foliis 
lanceolans,  mucronatis, 
pilosis ;  paniculis  parvis, 
iasciculatis ;  caule  erecto. 
E. 

L.  major,  Mich.  1.  p.  76. 
Walt  p.  83. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  1 — 2  feet  high,  branching, slight- 
ly scabrous,  surrounded  at  base  by  branches  2 — 4  inclies  long  that  trail 
on  the  ground  ;  the  radical  and  young  stem  branches  covered  with 
white  hairs,  which  are  somewhat  eftaced  in  the  older  ones.  Leaves 
©n  the  radical  branches  opposite,  on  the  stem  alternate,  5 — 8  lines 
long,  3 — 4r  wide.  Flotvers  in  small  clustered  panicles  at  the  termina- 
tion of  the  branches.  Bracteas,  2  leaves  at  tlie  base  of  each  calyx,  li- 
near-lanceolate, acute,  hairy,  persistent,  reflexed  during  the  time  of 
flowering,  afterwards  appresscd  ;  these  appear  to  have  been  mistaken 
by  Walter  and  even  Linnseus  himself  for  the  real  calyx.  Leaves 
«f  the  calyx  lanceolate,  obtuse,  hairy  on  the  outside,  persistent.  Pe- 
tals lanceolate,  obtuse,  flat,  as  long  as.  but  narrower  than  the  calyx, 
deciduous.  Filaments  6 — 1 2,  longer  than  the  corolla.  Jlnthers  2  celled, 
pink  coloured.  Gff rm  superior,  ovate.  Styles  0.  Stigmas  ^  ^  ^\\xxt\o%&, 
Seed  1  in  each  cell,  oblong,  angled  at  one  side,  acute  at  each  end. 

As  the  L.  major  of  Linnseus  is  now  understood  to  be  the  Cistus 
Canadensis  and  not  a  Lechea,  I  have  avoided  the  name  to.  prevent 
confusion.  This  plant,  if  kept  from  running  to  seed,  would  probably 
form  a  very  neat  edging  for  the  beds  of  a  flower  garden  ;  the  foliage 
of  the  radical  branches  is  very  handsome  during  the  winter,  and  the 
§ize  of  the  plant  is  well  suited  to  such  a  purpose. 

Grows  in  sandy  soils,  common. 

Flowers  July — August. 


2.  Racemulosa.     Mich. 

L.  caule  erecto ;  foliis 
iineari-lanceolatis,  ciliatis; 
paniculis  elongatis ;  flori- 
bus  solitariis,  racemosis. 
E. 

,,  Mich.  1.  p.  77.    Pursh,  1.  p.  91. 
L.  minor,  Wait.  p.  83. 


Stem  erect ;  leaves  li- 
near lanceolate,  ciHate  ; 
panicles  elongate;  flowers 
in  racemes,  solitary. 


TRIANDRIA   TRIOYNIA. 


185 


Perennial.  5f^m  erect,  18  inches  hi^li,wlion  old  jrlabrous.  Leaves 
small,  narrow.  Flowers  ucArly  sessile,  forming  raccuics  at  tlic  ter» 
mill  tinn  of  each  branch. 

Grows  in  «lry  soils. 

Flowers  through  the  summer. 


Somewhat  hairy;  leaves 
subulate  linear;  panicle 
divaricate  ;  flowers  soli- 
tary, in  raceines. 


3.  Tenuifoi.i^.     Midi. 

L.  sparse  pilosa  ;  fo- 
liis  suhulato-linearihus  ; 
panicula  dis  aricata  ;  flo- 
ribus  solitariis,  raeemosis 

Mich.  1.  p.  77.     Pursh,  l.p.  91. 
L.  juncifolia  ^  Walt.  p.  83. 

Plant  small,  shrubby.  Stems  decumbent  and  assurgent,  branches 
expanding.  Capsules  large  when  compared  to  the  size  of  tlie  plant 
and  the  other  species  of  this  genus.    Mich      Bracteas  wdnitin'^.  \Valt» 

Grows  on  the  sand  hills  near  the  Santee  river.     Mich. 

Flowers  May — July. 


Hoary,  villous ;  feaves 
linear,  acute ;  panicle 
long ;  flowers  in  lateral 
and  terminal  clusters. 


4.  TiiYMiFOLTA.     Mich. 

L.  eano-viljosa ;  foliis 
linearii)us,  acutis  ;  pani- 
culis  elongalis  ;  fluribus 
fasciculatis,  lateralibus 
terininalibusque. 

Mich.  l.p.  77.     Pursh,  1.  p.  91. 

Stem  erect,  rather  rough.    Panicle  erect.     Flotcers  in  leafy  clus 
ters,  Mich. 

Grows  in  arid  soils. 
Flowers  May — August, 


i86 


TETBANDRIA  MONOGYKIA. 


■CLASS  IV. 


TETRANDRIA. 


MOiN'OGTmA. 

S2.  CEPHAL\NTHUS. 

83.  ALLIONI\ 

84.  HEDYOTIS 

85    SPKRVlA  JOCE. 
i86.  DIODIA 
87.  HOUSTONIA. 
88    «\LIUM 

89.  RUBIA. 

90.  MITCHELL  A. 

91.  CALLTCARPA. 

92.  LYCrU^. 

93.  POLYPRKMUM. 

94.  PLANT  \GO. 

95.  CF.N TUNCULUS. 

96.  CENTAURELLA. 


97.  FR\SFRA. 

98.  S\NGUTSORBA. 

99.  CORNUS. 

100.  PIELKX. 

101.  LUnWTOLA. 

102.  AMMANNIA. 

BIGYJv'M. 

103.  HAMAMKUS. 

104.  CUSCUTA. 

TETRAGTJSflA. 

105.  S\GIN\. 

106.  POTAMOGETON. 


VWVWVWWXiWWVVVWVW 


CEPHALANTHUS. 


Califx  cbmnmnis  o, 
proprius  superus,  infun- 
dibuliformis.  Receptacu- 
lum  globosum,  pilosum. 
Capsula  4-locularis,  iion 
dehiscens.  Semina  soli- 
'taria. 

1.  Occident ALis. 


Common  calyx  0,  pro- 
per superior,  funnel- 
shaped.  Receptacle  glo- 
bose, hairy.  Capsule  4 
celled,  not  opening.  Seed 
solitary. 


Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  543.    Walt.  p.  84.     Mich.  1.  p.  87.    Pursh,  1.  p.  114. 

A  shrub  6 — 15  feet  high,  the  wood  soft,  spungy  and  pithy  in  the 
centre,  the  baric  rather  smooth.  Stem  jointed,  much  branched,  the 
branches  generally  opposite.  Leaves  opposite  and  ternate,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  slightly  acuminate,  very  entire,  the  upper  surface  glabrous, 
shining,  the  veins  on  the  under  surface  pubescent,  4 — 5  inches  long, 
S — 2A  wide ;  petioles  half  an  inch  long,  pubescent,  slightly  winged. 
F  owers  axillary  and  terminal ;  peduncles  (common)  2 — 3  inches 
long,  pubescent.  Calyx  (proper)  1  leaved,  angled,  superior,  4  cleft, 
the  segments  obtuse.  Corolla  1  petal  led,  tubular,  4  times  as  long  as 
^e  calyx,  hairy  within,  white,  the  border  4  cleft,  segments  obtuse. 


TETRANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


i87 


Filaments  4,  very  short,  attached  to  the  tube  of  the  corolla  at  tlie 
base  of  each  fissure.  ,1ntfwrii  obi (iii;!;,  sa;:;ittate,  pale  browci.  Germ 
atii^led.  '^ylf  filifonn,  twice  as  ltui>;  as  the  corullii.  Sti>;ma  capi* 
tate.  Capsule  aii;;leil,  inversely  pyiainidal,  2?  celled.  Receptacle 
globose,  very  hairy. 

Orowi)  in  swamps,  ponds  and  stagnant  waters. 

Flowers  July.  Button-wood. 

The  iiitiei  bark  of  the  root  is  an  agreeable  bitter,  and  frequently 
used  as  a  remedy  in  ubstinatu  coughs. 


ALLIONIA. 


Cahf.v  communis  (in- 
volucrum)  ohlongus,  sim- 
plex trillorus,  proprius  ob- 
solctus,  supeius.  Corol- 
lidcc  irregulares.  Reap- 
taciihuiL  nudum. 

1.  Alb  I  DA.     Walt. 

A.  foliis  opposilis,  oh- 
longo-lanceolatis,  sub- 
scal)ris  ;  pedunculis  op- 
positis,  sulitariis  fascicu- 
latisque  ;  inv  olucro  quiii- 
quetido.     E. 


Common  cahjx  oblong, 
simpk',  3  flowered  ;  pro- 
per calyx  obsolete,  supe- 
rior. Corolla 
i^eceptade  naked. 


nregular. 


Leaves  opposite,  ob- 
long lanceolate,  some- 
what scabrous  ;  pedun- 
cles opposite,  solitary 
and  clustered  ;  iiivuiu- 
crum  5  cleft. 


Walt.  p.  84.     Pursh,  1.  p.  97. 

Root  annual  t  Stem  erect,  4  angled,  furrowed,  «prinkled  with  a 
glandular  pubescence,  branches  opposite.  Leaves  oblong,  irregular, 
lanceolate,  ovate,  sometimes  slightly  fiddle-shaped,  scai)rous  near  the 
margins  ;  common  peduncles  axillary,  tlie  lower  ones  generally  soli- 
tary, the  upper  in  small  clusters,  perhaps  becoming  scditary  by  the 
extension  of  the  stem.  Jnvolucrum  at  first  deeply  5  cleft,  hairy,  cili- 
ate,  the  incisions  ?  diminishing  with  a^e.  Curnlla  longer  than  the 
jnvolucrum.  Stamens  twice  as  long  as  the  corolla.  Seed  naked,  obf 
loiij,  5 — 6  anjjied,  almost  hispid. 

Tfiis  with  tlie  other  plants  in  North  America  heretofore  referred  tO 
Allioiiia  are  |)robably  s|)ecii'»  ofCalymenia. 

(irows  near  Columbia,  South-Carolina.    Mr.  Ilcrbemont. 

Flowers  in  the  spring. 


HEDYOTIS. 

Corolla  i  petal  a,  infun-  |       Corolla  i  petalled,  ftin- 
dibulilbrmLs.    Capsulu  S-  |  ncl-shapcd.       Capsule  • 


188 


TETRANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


celled,  many  seeded,  in* 
ferior. 


Leaves  lanceolate,  ta- 
pering at  base,  pubescent; 
flowers  in  clusters,  ses- 
sile, axillary  and  terminal. 


locularis,  polysperma,  in- 
fera. 

1.  Glome  RATA, 
H.  foliis  lanceolatis,  basi 
attenuatis,  pubescentibus; 
floribus  in  capitulis,  sub- 
sessilibus,  axillaribus  ter- 
minalibusque. 

H.  auiicularia,  Walt  p.  85. 

Oldenlandia  glomerata,  Mich.  1.  p.  83.     Pursh,  1.  p.  102. 

Root  perennial,  somewhat  stoloniferous.  ■Utem  procumbent  assur- 
gent,  12 — 18  inches  long,  columnar,  pubescent,  somewhat  branched. 
l.eaves  opposite,  entire,  sessile,  connected  at  base  bj  stipules  which 
have  two  long,  subulate  teeth  and  sometimes  three  short  ones  alter- 
nating with  them.  Flowers  in  clusters  forming  whorls.  Bracteas  1 — 3 
at  the  base  of  each  calyx,  lacerate.  Calyx  1  leaved,  superior,  persis- 
tent, 4  parted,  almost  hispid.  Corolla  1  petalled,  deciduous,  wliite, 
shorter  than  the  calyx ;  tube  very  short ;  border  4  cleft,  rilaments  4, 
very  short,  inserted  into  the  tube  of  the  corolla.  Anthers  nearly 
globose.  Gferms  compressed,  hispid.  Style  0.  /S^ftg-ma  sessile,  thick. 
Capsule  nearly  globose,  surrounded  near  the  summit  by  the  perma- 
nent opening  across  the  dissepiment.  Seeds  many  in  each  cell,  three 
angled,  blackish,  attached  to  a  central  receptacle. 

Very  near  to  H.  serpylloides  of  La  Marck.  This  plant  appears  to 
belong  to  the  Hedyotis  of  Linnaeus  where  Walter  originally  placed  it, 
but  I  can  scarcely  discover  any  distinction  between  this  genus  and 
Oldenlandia  sufficiently  strong  to  separate  them.  La  Marck  has 
united  them. 

Grows  in  damp  soils,  common. 

Flowers  June — October. 


SPERMACOCE. 


Corolla  i-petala,infundi- 
buliibrniis.  ISemina  2, 
bidentata. 

1.  Tenuior. 

S.  glabra,  foliis  knceo- 
tis  ;  staminibus  inclusis  ; 
floribus  verticillatis  ;    se- 
minibus  liirtis.    Sp.  pi.  1 
p.  568. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  105. 


Corolla  1  petalled,  fun* 
nel-shaped.  iSeed  s,  two 
toothed. 

Glabrous; leaves  lanceo- 
late ;  stamens  included  ; 
flowers  verticillatejseeds 
hirsute. 


TRTRANDBIA    MONOGYNfA. 


189 


Swart/,  remarks,  tliat  t'lis  plant  varies,  with  tl»i«  stem  glabrous  and 
puUoscent,  htiai;;lit  or  bent,  uiid  \\itli  Mowers  in  whorls  or  nearly  soli- 
tary.    >warl/.  Obs.  43. 

Stem  erect.     Leaven  scabrous  on  the  upper  surface.     Pursh. 

Grows  in  ihy  gravelly  situations,  from  Virginia  to  Carolina.     Purslv 

Flowers  June — Auiiust. 


S.  BiODiNA.     Mich. 

S.  liiisuta,  culmo  tcrc- 
ti ;  foliis  liiicaii-lanceola- 
tis  ;  floribus  axilla  rihiis, 
scssilibus.  staminibus  iti- 
clusis.     E. 


Hirsute  ;  stem  terete  ; 
leaves  linear-lanceolate  ; 
flowers  axillary,  sessile ; 
stamens  shorter  than  the 
corolla. 


Mich.  1.  p.  82.     Pursh,  1.  p.  105  ? 

Diodia  teres  i  Walt.  p.  87.    Very  near  S  villosa. 

'R()ot  aunual  ?  Stem  procumbent,  columnar,  sometimes  branching. 
Leaves  sessile,  somewhat  hairy,  finely  but  sharpFy  serrulate  ;  a  sliort 
sheath  embracing  the  base  of  tiie  loaves,  crow  ned  with  long  setaceous 
stipules.  Flowers  opposite,  sometimes  solitary,  frequently  clustered. 
Calyx  4  leaved.  Corolla  lonj^er  than  the  calyx,  hairy,  border  4  parted. 
Filametita  4,  shorter  than  the  corolla.  *inthers  oblong,  incumbent. 
Germ  inferior.  Style  as  lonjj  as  the  stamens,  -^itigma  tjl'»bose.  Cap- 
suIps  ?  2  connate,  hispid,  crowned  with  the  calvx  Seed  one  in  each 
cansule,  oblong,  flattened  on  the  inside,  with  tlie  margins  somewhat 
inuexed. 

Grows  in  dry,  poor,  sandy  soils.     Common. 

Flowers  July — .September. 


3.  Involucrata.     Pursh. 


S.  hirsuta,  foliis  ova- 
to  lanceolatis  acuminatis ; 
stipulis  niultisetis;  ca- 
pitulis  terniinalibus,  invo- 
lucraiis  ;  slaminibus  cx- 
eitis. 


Hirsute  ;  leaves  ovate- 
lanceolate,  acuminate  ; 
stipules  manv  hiistled  ; 
heads  terminal,  surround- 
ed with  an  involucrum  ; 
stamens  longer  than  tiie 
corolla. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  105. 

Stem  about  a  foot  high,  very  hispid.     Leaves  broad  and  somewhat 
oblique.     F/ojcfTs  white,  with  a  vei\  long  lube.     Pursh. 
Collected  in  Carolina  by  Mr.  Frat>er. 
Flowers 


lUO 


TETRANDRIA  MONOGYNIA* 


DIODIA. 


Corolla  l-petala,infun. 
dibuliformis.  Capsula  2- 
locularis,  S-sperma. 


Corolla  1  petalled,  fun- 
nel-shaped. Capsule  2 
celled.  JSeed  i  in  each 
cell. 


i.  Virginica. 

D. glabra;  caiilibuspro- 
cumbentibiis,  teretiuscu- 
lis  ;  foliis  lanceolalis  ;  co- 
rollis  intus  glabriusculis ; 
fructibus  oblongis,  gla- 
biis.     Pursh,  1.  p.  105. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  580. 

Stem  smooth,  purple,  slender. 
ers  white. 

Grows  in  damp  soils  from  Virginia  to  Carolina.   Pursh. 
Mr.  Herbemont. 

Flowers  thruug-h  the  summer. 


Glabrous ;  stem  pro^ 
cum  bent,  nearly  terete  ; 
leaves  lanceolate  ;  corol- 
la glabrous  within ;  fruit 
oblong,  glabrous. 


Leaves  narrow,  lanceolate.    Flow- 


Columbia. 


Stem  procumbent, 
somewhat  angled,  nearly 
glabrous  ;  leaves  cordate 
ovate;  stipules  subulate. 


2.  Tetragona.     Walt. 

D.  caule  procumbente, 
subangulato,  glal^riuscu- 
lo ;  foliis  cordato-ovatis, 
stipulis  subulatis.     E. 

Walt.  p.  87". 

D.  Virginica,  Mich.  1.  p.  81. 

B.oot  perennial.  Utem  somewhat  angled,  prostrate,  creeping,  gla- 
brous, succulent,  hairy  at  the  joints.  Leaves  oval,  sometimes  ovate, 
opposite,  sessile,  connected  by  stipules  ;  stipules  crowned  with  sub- 
ulate, ciliate,  segments.  Flowers  axillary  generally  solitary.  Calyx 
2  leaved,  leaves  subulate,  persistent.  Corolla  white,  hairy  witliin. 
JFruit  oval,  somewhat  angled,  composed  of  two  connate  capsules  flat 
on  the  inner  side,  and  containing  one  seed  each. 

Grows  in  damp  soils,  very  common. 

Flowers  May — October. 

This  genus  is  perhaps  too  closely  allied  to  Spermacoce  to  be  sepa- 
rated from  it. 


TETRANnnlA  MONOGYNIA. 


191 


3.  lIinsi'TA.     Pursli. 

D.  undiciiic  hii-sutissi-  [  Kvery  part  hirsute ; 
ma;  caiilc  [)rocunihcntc;  |  stem  procumbent ;  leaves 
loliis  lanceolatis  5  stipulis  [  Umceohite  ;  stipules  iicar- 
sul)seliiceis.     E.  |  ly  setaceous. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  106. 

D.  hispiila,  iMuhl.  Cat. 

Very  similar  to  the  preceding  species,  perhaps  only  a  variety.  It 
tlifters  however  in  a  stem  generally  more  slender,  leaves  narrower, 
exactly  lanceolate,  sec^nents  ol'the  stipules  more  setaceous,  and  the 
whole  plant  remarkably  hispid. 

Grows  in  a  damp  soil  two  miles  from  Beaufort  on  the  road  t«  the 
ferry.     Near  Savannah.     Pursh. 

Flowers  September — October  and  perhaps  earlier. 

HOUSTONIA. 


Calyx  4-dcntatus.  Co- 
rolla ipetala,  int'uiulibu- 
liformis.  Capsula  S-lo- 
cularis,  semi-superus. 


CaUfx  4  toothed.  Co- 
roTJa  1  pe tailed,  funnel- 
shaped.  Capsule  2  cell- 
ed, ^irt  around  the  centre 
by  the  calyx. 


Plant  very  small ;  stem 
expanding,  dichotomous ; 
llowers  solitary,  termi- 
nal. 


t.  Patens.    E. 

H.  parvula,  caule  dicli- 
otomo,  patente  ;  flori- 
bus  solitariis,  terminah- 
bus.     E. 

H,  Linnxi   var.  b.  Mich.  1.  p.  85. 

11.  ccerulea  vav.  minor,  Pursli,  1.  p.  106, 

^oot  annual.  Stfin  1 — 2  inches  high,  erect,  square,  smooth,  witli 
angles  scabrous,  much  divided,  branches  expandinj;  e()ually,and  form- 
ins;  a  beautifully  dichotomous  stein.  I^caves  opposite,  sessile,  spatliu- 
late-lanceolate,  finely  cili.ite,  connected  by  stipules.  i''Zoirers  some- 
times axillary  ;  peduncles  square,  arnioil  in  tiie  middle  uith  two 
scales,  nodding  before  the  flower  expands.  Calyx  rather  inferior, 
se:;n»ents  linear,  erect,  persisti-nt.  Corolla  lonjrer  than  the  calyx, 
purple,  sometimes  wliite,  border  expandini,  4  cleft.  Filaments  4, 
very  short,  inserted  into  the  tube  of  the  coiolla.  Jtithrra  oblonjj,  2 
celled,  yellow.  G^rm  ob-cordate.  ^7^/^  much  shorter  than  tl»c  tube 
of  the  corolla.  Stijs^mas  2,  thickened,  acute.  Capsule  compressed, 
furrowed,  opening;  transversely. 

Grows  ijenerally  in  tiie  driest  soil*,  but  sometimes  found  in  damp 
places. 

Flowers  February— March. 


i93 


TETRANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


2.    CcERULEA. 

r  H.  ere  eta  ;  caule  gra- 
cili,  subramoso;  pedun- 
culis  solitariis,  axillarihus, 
elongatis,  unifloris.     E. 


Erect ;  stem  slender, 
somewhat  branched  ; 
peduncles  solitary,  axil- 
lary, very  long,  single 
flowered. 

106. 


Sp.  pi  1.  p.  583.     Pursh,  1   p. 
H.  Linnsei,     Mich.  1.  p.  84. 
Anonymos  erect.  Walt.  p.  86. 

Boo^  perennial.  Stem  4 — 6  inches  high,  erect,  slender,  square -j 
brandies  few,  long,slender,  appressed.  Root /cares  spathulate  ;  stem 
leaves  lanceolate.     Flowers  large  for  the  size  of  the  plant. 

Grows  alonu;  the  margins  of  swamps  and  rivulets.  Common  ia 
the  middle  couatry  of  Carolina. 

Flowers  May — ^August. 

It  is  not  easy  to  point  out  a  mark  of  specific  difference  between 
this  and  the  preceding  species,  yet  many  circumstances  produce  a 
conviction  that  they  are  really  distinct.  The  H.  patens  grows  plen- 
tifully in  the  driest  pastures  along  the  sea-coast,  rarely  exceeding  two 
inches  in  height,  with  its  stem  always  dichotomous  and  expanding, 
flowering  in  February  and  March.  ItTs  seldom  seen  after  the  first  of 
April.  When  ponds  occur  in  dry  pastures  it  is  sometimes  found  on 
their  margins,  but  without  any  change  of  habit  or  appearance.  The 
H.  ccerulea  grows  in  bogs  and  swamps  in  the  middle  country,  is  al- 
ways slender  and  erect ;  it  does  not  flower  until  May  or  June,  and  con- 
tinues in  bloom  throughout  the  summer.  Its  corolla  is  at  least  three 
times  as  large  as  that  of  the  H  patens,  and  the  segments  of  its  calyx 
and  stem  leaves  proportionally  more  slender. 


3.   LONGIFOLIA.      Willd. 

H.  foliis  angusto-lance- 
olatis,  utrinque  attenua- 
tis ;  floribus  corymbosis. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p 
H. " 


Leaves  narrow-lanceo- 
late, tapering  at  each  ex- 
treniity ;  flowers  in  co- 
rymbs. 


jyiiius. 
.  pi.  1.  p.  583. 
angustifolia,  Mich.  1.  p.  84.     Pursh,  1.  p.  106. 

Boot  perennial.  Stem  8 — 14  inches  high,  square,  glabrous,  branch- 
ed ;  branches  near  the  extremity  much  divided,  forming  small  co- 
rymbs. Leaves  sessile,  nearly  an  inch  long,  rather  narrow.  Flowers 
nearly  sessile,  frequently  by  threes,  ^egments  of  the  calyx  linear. 
Corolla  2  or  3  times  longer  than  the  calyx. 

Grows  in  the  middle  and  upper  country  in  rich  and  shaded  landsi 

Flowers  June — Augusts 


TETRANDRIA  MONOGYNIA, 


198 


Leaves  ovate  lanceo- 
late, obtuse  at  base ;  flow- 
ers ill  corymbs. 


4.    PuRPrREA. 

H.  tbliis  ovato-lancoo- 
latis,  basi  obtusis;  lloribus 
temuiialibus,  corymbosis. 

Sp.  p  .  1.  p.  585.     Pursh,   1.  p.  167. 
H.  varians,  Mich.  1.  p.  86. 
Iledvotis  umbellata  ?  Walt.  p.  85. 

Rnot  perennial.  Stem  erect,  bra'  cliing;,  gjlabroui*,  with  anc^les  ci* 
liate,  hairv  at  the  joints.  Leavt's  sessile,  ovate,  broad,  and  iit  a;eiie- 
lal  abruptly  rounded  at  base,  o-nerved,  nerves  and  niart^ins  pubes- 
cent. i'VrHn'rs  in  terminal  corymbs.  fa/y.rslii;htly  pubescent  ;  seg- 
ments subulate,  ci liate.      Corolla  purple. 

Grows  in  the  upper  and  middle  countrj^  of  Carolina  and  Georgia 
in  similar  situations  with  the  last. 

flowers  June — Auijust. 


5    Serpyllifolia.     Mich. 


Procumbent,  cespitosej 
leaves  spathulate,  obtuse  ; 
peduncles  terminal,  soli- 
tary, single  flowered. 


H.  procumbens,  cses- 
pitosa;  foliis  spatliulatis, 
obtusis;  pedunculis  ter- 
minalibus,  solitaiiis,  uni- 
fluiis. 

Mich.  1.  p.  85. 

Root  perennial.     Sterna  many  from  the  same  root,  fdiform,  some- 
times creej)inu;.     Leaves  spatliulate,  nearly  petiolate.     Peduncles  very 
long.     Michaux. 
Flowers  May. 


6.    ROTUNDTFOETA.       Micll. 


If.  repcns:  foliis  rotun- 
dato-ovatis,  abrupte  peti- 
olatis;  pedunculis  axilla- 
nl)us,  solitariis,  unifloi  is. 


Creepin2;;  leaves  ovate, 
nearly  round,  abruptly 
narrowed  at  base ;  pedun- 
cles axillary,  single  flow- 
ered. 


Mich.  1.  p.  85.     Pursh  1.  p.  lOG. 

Anon,  procumbens,  Walt.  p.  8b. 

Root  perennial.     Stem  prostrate,  taking  root  at  the  joints,  glabrous. 

leaves  somewhat  glabrous,  thinly  ciliate.     Pfhtnclea  3 — 8  lines  lonjj, 

erect  whde  in  flowt-r,  afterwanlsnoddinir.      Corolla   hypocrateriforni, 

white;  tube  three  or  four  tunes  as  long  as  the  calyx^  hairy  within; 


104 


TETRANDRIA  MONOGYNTA, 


border  4  cleft,  (sometimes  3  or  5)  ;  segments  lanceolate,  ^inthers 
wttite.  Germ  superior,  ovate.  Style  longer  than  the  tube  of  the  co- 
l-olla,  2  cleft.  Stigmas  simple,  acute,  reflexed.  Capsule  emarr 
ginate. 

Grows  in  dry  soils  in  the  vicinity  of  the  ocean. 
Flowers  all  the  year  whenever  the  weather  is  mild. 


GALIUM. 


Corolla  l-petala,  pla- 
na. 8emina  2,  subio- 
tiinda. 

*  Fructu  glabra. 

1.     TlMFlOUM. 

G.  caiile  procurnbente, 
scabro  ;  foliis  siibquatei-- 
nis,  ovalibus,  basi  cune- 
atis ;  corollis  plerumque 
trilitlis. 

86. 


Corolla  i  pptalled,  flat. 
Seeds  2,  ncaily  round. 

*  Fruit  smooth. 

Stem  procumbent,  sca- 
brous; leaves  generally 
by  fours,  oval,  weds:e- 
sliaped  at  base ;  corolla 
generally  3  cleft. 

Pui-sh,  1.  p.  103. 


Sp.pl.  1.  p.  585.     Walt.  p. 
G.  Claytoni  ?  Mich.  1.  p.  78. 

Itont  perennial  ^  Stem  procumbent  and  assurgent,  much  branched, 
square,  wit'u  the  anti;les  retrorsely  aculeate.  Leaves  3 — 6  in  a  whorl, 
oval,  obtuse,  tlie  upper  ones  linear,  with  the  margin  and  midrib  re- 
trorsely aculeate.  Flowers  axillary,  1 — 3  to  each  whorl.  Corolla 
white,  tube  very  short ;  border  very  frequently  3  parted ;  segments 
somewhat  acute.  Filaments  4,  (when  the  corolla  is  3  cleft,  only  3,) 
half  the  length  of  the  corolla.  Jintherb  erect,  2  celled,  greenish  yel- 
low. Germ  inferior,  twin.  iS7?//<' short,  2  cleft,  surrounded  at  base 
with  a  2  cleft  gland.     Stigmas  capitate.     Fruit  purple. 

Leaves  generally  6  in  a  whorl  on  the  old  stalks  but  3,  4,  5  on  the 
younger  branches. 

Grows  in  damp  and  wet  soils.  ' 

Flowers  April — July. 


2.  Latifolium.     Mich. 

G.  caule  erecto,  Ifevi ; 
foliis  quateruis,  ovalibus, 
acutis,  membranacei^, 
margiiie  hispidulis ;  ped- 
unculis  divaricatis,  laxe 
multifloris.  Mich.  i.  p. 
79. 

Pursh;  1.  p.  102. 


Stem  erect,  smooth  ; 
leaves  by  fouis,  oval, 
acute,  membranous,  the 
margins  somewliat  his- 
pid ;  peduncles  divaricate, 
loosely  many  flowered. 


TETRANOniA  MONOr.YNl.t. 


iO& 


Lfnves  narrowed  at  l»aso,  flat,  3  lu-rvetl,  1 — '2  inrhe<5  lone,  whorls 
Ji->taiit.  Flowfi-s  purple.  I'fduncles  oppusitc.  Fruit  lar^^e,  one 
.need  fro<|m'iitly  al><»rti\i'.     Mich. 

(iruws  ill  t''t  iiiouiitaiiis  ul  Carolina. 

Flowers  June — July. 


3.  Uniflorimi.     Mich 

G.     ciuile     assurn;cnte, 

];ovi;  fuliis  suhquutcmis, 

iinoarihus.  iicutis,  revolii- 

tis ;    pcdiiiiculis    plcriini- 

sulitariis,    unifloiis. 


Stem  assurf>;rnt.  «mont]i ; 
leaves  generally  by  lours, 
linear,  acute,  re  volute  ; 
()etlun(les  generally  soli- 
tary, 1  llowcred. 


f|UC 

E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  79.     Pursh  1.  p.  102. 

Hoot  creepini;,  perennial.  Stem  about  a  foot  hijjh,  square,  ?inootli, 
spariiii^ly  branched.  Leaves  "oiierallv  by  fours^  linear,  lanceolate, 
somewhat  scabrous,  slightly  ciiiate.  Feduncles  sometimes  opposite, 
and  sonietinies,  (thouj;h  raiely)  2  flowered,  half  as  long  as  the  leaves, 
and  generally  furnished  near  tiie  middle  with  a  whorl  of  small  leaflets. 
Corutla  nearly  white.     Fruit  dark  purple. 

Grows  in  rich,  shaded,  high  grounds,  5  miles  from  Charleston. 

Flowers  May — July. 


■'■  ^  FniU  scabrous. 

Stem  procinnl)cnt,  pu- 
bescent, nuicli  branched ; 
leaves  by  lours,  lancco" 
late,  dotted,  scabrous. 


**  Fructu  scahvo,  \ 

4.  HispiiiULUM.     Micli. 
G.  caulc  procumbcnte, 

puhescente,  rainosissinio ; 
loliis  quaterril-j,  lanceola- 
tis,  purictatis,  scabris. 

Mich.  1.  p   79. 

G.  hispidum,  Purah,  I.  p.  104. 

Root  creeping,  somewhat  jointed,  perennial,  saftVon  coloured. 
Stem  square,  rough,  pubescent,  or  rather  sprinkled  with  short  rij:id 
hairs.  L^rtivs  sonu'what  hispid,  with  similar  I  air  Flo-  era  axillaiy 
and  ttMininal  ;  peduncles  longer  than  t'le  leaves,  sometimes  one  flo'v- 
ered,  frecjuently  compound.  Corolla  white,  hairy  ;  seiiments  acuni- 
iiate.  Anthers  yellow.  Fruit  purple,  roughened  v.ith  short  rigid 
hairs. 

Grows  in  dry,  sandy  soils,  very  abundantly,  particularly  near  the 
ocean. 

Flowers  May— Oct«»ber. 

I  have  found  in  shaded  plaros  near  Cliarleston  a  variety  with  f!'0 
itemsmooiii,  e\cept  die  young  brauche?,  wliisb  were  ictrurscly  ciliatcj 


196 


TETRANDRIA   MONOGYNlA. 


the  leaves  a  little  hairy  along  the  revolute  margins ;  the  fruit  very 
smooth  to  the  naked  eye,  but  shewing  a  few  hairs  under  a  lens  ;  but  in 
habit,  and  all  other  characters  resembling  this  species  too  much  to  be 
separated.     This  is  probably  the  G.  Bermudense,  Walt. 


***  Fruit  hispid. 

Leaves  by  fours,  ovate, 
obtuse ;  branches  very 
much  divided ;  flowers 
Justered,  somewhat  pan- 
iculate. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  104. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  erect,  square,  smooth.  Young  leaves  nearly 
linear  ;  old  ones  ovate,  3  nerved,  rather  obtuse.  Peduncles  towards 
the  extremities  of  the  branches  opposite,  and  so  much  compounded  as 
to  give  the  flowers  the  appearance  of  a  crowded  panicle.  Segments  of 
the  corolla  lanceolate.     Fruit  hispid,  with  hooked  hairs. 

If  this  be  the  real  G.  Bermudense  of  Linnfeus,  the  leaves  should  be 
described  as  ovate  and  3  nerved,  instead  of  linear. 

I  have  inserted  this  plant  on  the  authority  of  Dr.  Muhlenberg.  My 
specimens  are  from  Pennsylvania. 


***  Fructu  hispido, 
5.  Bkrmuuianum. 
G.  foliis  quateinis,  ova- 
lis,  obtusis  ;  ram  is  ramo- 
sissimis  ;      floribus   sub- 
paniculatis. 


Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  596. 


6.    PiLOSUM. 

G.  caule  erecto  vel  pro- 
cumbente  ;  foliis  quater- 
nis,  ovalibus,  pilosis ;  ped- 
unculis  dichotomis ;  co- 
rollis  purpureis.     E. 


Stem  erect  or  procum- 
bent ;  leaves  by  fours, 
oval,  hairy ;  peduncles 
dichotomous  ;  corolla 
purple. 


Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  599.     Pursh,  1.  p.  104. 
G.  puncticulosum,  Mich.  1    p. 
G.  purpureum,  Walt.  p.  87. 

Soot  perennial.  Stem  square,  scabrous  ;  angles  hairy  ;  branches 
axillary,  alternate,  expanding.  Leaves  sometimes  mucronate,  very 
entire,  ciliate,  sprinkled  with  short  hairs,  the  upper  surface  roughen- 
ed by  small  vessels.  Flowers  axillary,  >  pposite  and  terminal,  solitary 
and  by  threes,  generally  dichotomous.  Segments  of  the  coro^/a  acute. 
Anthers  yellow.  Stigmas  capitate.  Fruit  hispid  with  white,  hooked 
(hamose),  hairs. 

Grows  in  shady  places,  generally  in  dry  soils. 

Flowers  May-^September. 


TETRANDRIA    MONOCYNIA. 


IttT 


Stems  procumbent,  p;la- 
brous  ;  k'uves  oval  lan- 
ceolate, nmcronate,  ?;Ia. 
brous ;  ilowering  branch- 
es  lonj»;,  3  Howered  at  tlie 
summit ;  IVuit  small,  his- 
pid. 


y.  Trifi.oium.     Mich. 

(f.  caulil)us  prociim- 
bentibus,  i^iabnusculis ; 
foliis  ovali  lanceolatis, 
nuicronatis,  glabris ;  la- 
nuilis  lloriferis  elorigatis, 
apicc  trifloiis  ;  iVuctibiis 
parvis,  bispidis.  Mich. 
1.  p.  80. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  104. 

iS7<»»it  slightly  hispid  just  bene ath  each  Mhorl.  Leaves  4 — 6,  smooth, 
umler  a  lens  shewini;;  some  iiairs  along  the  margins.  Flowers  white, 
very  small,  on  short  pe<luncles. 

Grows  in  shaded,  rockj-  places,  from  Pennsjlvania  to  Carolina. 
I'ursh. 

Flowers  July. 

I  have  not  seen  this  species  in  the  Southern  States.  Michaux  speaks 
trf  it  as  a  Canadian  plant.  For  my  specimens  1  am  indebted  to  Dr. 
Bigelow,  of  Boston. 


8.  CuspinATUM.     Mubl.  Cat. 


G.  caule  prostrato,  gla- 
bro  ;  foliis  subsenis,  lan- 
ceolatis,acuminatis.  pauce 
ciliatis  ;  pediincidis  Irili- 
dis  ;  corolla?  laciniis  acu- 
niinatis.     E. 

Root  creeping  .''  perennial.  Stem  -weak,  generally  prostrate,  rather 
smooth,  the  anj^les  sparingly  aculeate.  Leaves  much  attenuated  at 
base,  and  very  acutely  pointed  at  tlie  sumn)it,  sprinkled  witli  hairs; 
the  peduncles  generally  trichotomuus  at  point,  afterwards  dichoto- 
nious.  Corolla  nearly  white.  Fruit  villous,  thickly  clothed  witli 
white  hooked  hairs. 

Grows  in  damp,  shaded  soils. 

Flowers  June — Aujjust. 


Stem  prostrate,  gla- 
brous ;  leaves  by  sixes, 
lanceolate,  acuminate, 
slightly  ciliate;  peduncles 
trilid  ;  segnients  of  the 
corolla  acuminate. 


IK  CiRCiEZANS.     Mich. 

G.  caule  erecto,  glabro ; 
foliis  quaternis,  ovatis  ; 
pedunculLs  brevibus,    di- 


Stem  erect,  glabrous ; 
leaves  by  fours,  ovate ; 
peduncles   short,  divari- 


d98 


TETRANDRIA  MONOGYNrA, 


varicatis  ;    floiihus  alter- 
ms  ;  friictu  nutante.     E, 


cate ;   flowers  alternate  j 
fruit  noddino;. 


Ttont  perennial.  Stem  erect,  sparingly  branclied.  very  slightly 
-scabrous.  Leaves  by  fours,  ovate,  obtuse,  3  neived,  ciliate  ;  branches 
expanding  Flowers  generally  solitary  Peduncles  very  short. 
Fruit  when  nearly  mature  noddin^^,  hispid,  with  hooked  hairs. 

Grows  in  shafted  and  moderately  rich  soils,  five  miles  from  Savau- 
nah,  on  the  Augusta  road  ;  also  on  Charleston  neck. 

Flowers  June — August, 


RUBIA. 


Corolla  campanulata. 
Baccce  ;2,  monospermse. 

Brownei.     Mich. 

R.  liispida  ;  foliis  qua- 
ternis,  ovalibus ;  pedun- 
culis  solitai'iis,  uiiiiioris  ; 
caule  decumbente. 

Mich.  1.  p.  81.     Pursh,  1.  p.  102. 
R.  peregrina,  Walt.  p.  86. 

Flowers  yellow.     Berries  purple,  smooth.     Pursh. 

This  is  still  to  me,  as  to  Pursh,  an  obscure  plant.  The  botanist*} 
who  have  attempted  to  point  it  out  to  me,  have  all  shewn  me  different 
»pecies  of  Galium,  generally  the  G.  trifiduni.  or  pilosum. 

Clrows  in  shady  woods,  Carolina  to  Florida.     Pursh. 


Corolla  campaniilate. 
Berries  2,  single  seeded, 

TTispid  ;  leaves  by  fours, 
oval ;  peduncles  solitary, 
single  flowered  5  stem  de- 
cumbent. 


MITCHELLA. 


CoroUce  l  petalse,  supe- 
ra3,  binse  eidem  germini. 
Stigma  4-fidum.  Bacca 
didyma,  4  sperma. 

1.  Repens. 


Corollas  i  petalled.  su- 
perior, in  paiis  upon  the 
same  germ.  8tigma  4 
cleft.  Berry  twin,  4 
seeded. 


Sp.  pi.  l.p.  617.     Walt.  p.  85.     Mich.  1.  p.  86.     Pursh,  1.  p.  101, 

A  small  tender  prostrate  evergreen.  Hem  creeping  among  the  dried 
leaves  of  trees,  in  rich  moist  soils,  taking  root  at  the  joints,  branching-. 


TETRANDRIA  MONOGTMA. 


199 


SlaWroiis.     Lfax'es  ovale,  sunu'timcs  nearly  roi(J<ite,  entire,  {jlaliroiis, 
ark  u;recn  varit'i^ated  witli  milky  veins.    Pfdmice'i  axillary,   rtolitary, 
vorv  sliort,  beariti:;   a   double   y;erni.     ^'oro /rt  white,  very  liairy  on  tlie. 
insiilc,  verv  fraj;rant.     iterries  red,  eatable  but  iiisl|iiil. 
(iniws  in  ric'i  moist  soils,  under  the  shade  of  tre^-s. 
Flowers  Noven»i)er — April.  I'artrid^e  Berry. 

An  it)t'iiHii)n  nl"  the  sfeins  and  leaves  is  a  popular  remedy  in  dysury. 
Ti>e  diuretic  elllct  is  bv  uo  means  ;;rcat. 


CALLICAUPA. 


CaJjj 


Cnhjx  4  cleft.    Corolla 
4  cleft.     i?67T7/ 4  seeded. 

leaves  serrate,  tonicn- 
tose  underneath. 


'r  i-fi'lns.  Corolla 
4-tiiIa.    JJacca  4-spernui. 

1.  Americana. 

C.  foliis  serratis,  suhtiis 
tomentosis.     Sp.  pi.  i.  \). 

A  shrub  3 — 4  feet  hii;li,  bcarinc;  many  stems  of  equal  height ;  the 
old  wood  :;labrous,  the  y<»unu;  branches  tomeiitose,  the  hair  whicli 
clotlie  them  and  every  j)art  of  the  plant  is  collected  in  star  like  fasci- 
cles. Lt'avea  oppo-iite,  lancenlate,  obtusely  dentate,  ru;;()se,  oit 
the  upj)er  surlace  s.jmewhat  scabrous  and  hairy,  on  tlie  under  to- 
nientose.  Petioles  about  an  inch  lonj^,  sprinkled  as  well  as  the  stem 
Mith  resinous  att»ms.  i'YoHvrs  in  sh<»rt  axillary  clusters  (cvmcs).  fed- 
uncles  very  short,  dichotonuKis.  ( aly.v  small,  persistent,  tomentose, 
4  toothed,  teeth  small,  erect.  Corolla  1  petallfd,  twice  as  lon^  as  the 
calvx,  purple  ;  se;^inents  ()btusc.  Filnmcnts  lon;i;er  than  the  ccuolla, 
inserted  into  its  ba>e.  »i)ifltrr>i  2  celled,  vellow.  Germ  superior,  ;;lo- 
bose.  Style  longer  than  the  stamens,  thickened  above.  Stt:^-uta 
Capitate,  nearly  2  lobed.  /''ruit  a  juicy,  pur|)le.  round  berrv,  4  celled, 
sprinkled  when  yount;  with  glandular  iifoins.  'J'he  fruit  eatable, 
sweet  at  first, but  pungent  and  aslringtut  afterwards. 

Grows  in  light  soils,  very  common. 

Flowers  May — July.  French  J>Iulberry. 


LYCIUM. 


Corolla  tubulo^a,  faiice 
clausa  lilainenloruin  bar- 
ba.  Ih/cca  <3-luculaii.-<, 
polysperina. 


Corolla    tu])iilar,    the 
ihiual    closed    with   the 
beard    of   ilie    lilamciits. 
Ihrnj    ^    CLlled,    luaoy 
.  seeded. 


SJOO  TETRANDRIA   MONOGYNIA, 

1.  Caroltnianum.     Walt. 


L.  inerme  ;  foliis  fasci- 
culatis,  anguste  cuneatis, 
carnosis ;  floribus  quadri- 
fidis,  tetrandris.    E. 


Unarmed ;  leaves  clus- 
tered, narrowly  wedge- 
shaped,  fleshy  ;  flowers 
4  cleft,  tetrandrous. 


Walt.  p.  84.     Mich.  1.  p.  95.     Pursli,  1.  p.  97. 

A  shrub  3 — 5  feet  high,  with  lon»,  slender  simple  branches.  leaves 
sessile,  in  small  clusters,  glabrous,  nearly  linear,  but  manifestly  wedge- 
shaped.  J't-wers  solitary,  axillary.  Pedunc/<?s  about  half  as  long  as 
the  leaves.  Calyx  short,  somewhat  campanulate,  4  toothed.  Corolla 
tubular,  rather  deeply  4  cleft,  of  a  silver  colour.  Stamens  as  long  as 
the  corolla.     Berry  red. 

I  have  never  seen  this  plant  in  its  native  state,  where  it  is  said  to 
be  of  very  humble  growth. 

Found  by  Mr.  Wm.  Bartram,  in  the  saline  rushy  marshes  of  Caro- 
lina. 

Flowers  nearly  through  the  whole  summer. 

Johnny  Bartram. 


POLYPREMUM. 


Calyx  4-phyllus.  Co- 
rolla 4.-fida,  rotata,  fauce 
barbata.  Stamina  inclu- 
sa.  Capsula  conipressa, 
bilocularis. 


Calyx  4  leaved.  Co- 
rolla  4  cleft,  rotate,  with 
the  throat  bearded.  Sta- 
mens included.  Capsule 
compressed,  2  celled. 

1.  Procumbens. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  623.     Walt.  p.  85.     Mich.  1.  p.  82,     Pursh,  l.p.  99. 

Hoot  perennial  ?  somewhat  fusiform,  cespitose.  Stem  herbaceous, 
erect  or  procumbent,  6 — 12  inches  high,  nearly  columnar,  furrow- 
ed, the  margins  of  the  furrows  sharply  serrulate  ;  towards  the 
summit  dichotomous.  Leaven  opposite,  linear,  sessile,  finely  ser- 
rulate, slightly  decurrent,  and  connected  at  base  by  a  membrane 
resembling  a  stipule.  Flowers  sessile,  terminal  and  in  the  divi- 
sion of  the  branches.  Bracteoe?  2  or  4  surrounding  the  base  of  the 
ca  yx,  exactly  similar  to  the  leaves.  Calyx  one  ?  leaved,  persistent, 
4  parted,  segments  subulate,  acute,  serrulate.  Corolla  tubular,  white, 
as  long  as  uie  calyx,  the  throat  closed  with  hair  ;  border  4  parted  ; 
segments  oval.  Filaments  4,  inserted  into  the  tube  of  the  corolla,  very 
short.  Anthers  2  celled,  yellow.  Germ  surrounded  at  base  by  the 
calyx,  above  free.  Style  slender,  as  long  as  the  corolla.  Capsule 
ovate,  compressed.  2  furrowed,  nearly  acute,  pointed  by  the  persistent 
style.     Seeds  angular,  attached  to  a  central  receptacle. 

Grows  in  pastures,  very  common. 

Flowers  May — September. 


TETRANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


I80i 


PLANTAGO. 


Calj/.v  4  cleft.  Corol- 
la 4  cleft,  witli  the  border 
reflected.  Stamens  very 
long.  Capsule  S  celled^ 
circumscissed. 

Leaves  ovate,  glabrous ; 
scape  columnar ;  spike 
witli  the  flowers  imbri- 
cate. 


Cahjx  4"  fid  us .  Carol' 
)a  4-fula,  limbo  reflcxo. 
Stamina  longissima.  Cap- 
siila  2  locularis,  circum- 
scissa. 

i.  Major. 

P.  foliis  ovatis,  glabris  ; 
scapo  tereti ;  spica  flos- 
culis  imbricatis,  Sp.  pi. 
1.  p.  641. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  98. 

fioof  perennial.  Stem  0.  /^cares  all  radical,  coarsely  ami  remote* 
ly  toothed,  b  nerved,  with  2  obscure  ones  near  the  margin,  slightly 
pubescent,  abrubtly  narrowed  at  base  into  a  concave,  nervose,  pubes- 
cent petiole  4 — 5  inches  lon<;.  Scape  about  afoot  lono;,  columnar,  pu- 
bescent, axillary  or  interfoliaceous.  Bractea  a  leaf,  ovate,  obtuse, 
glabrous,  half  as  long  as  the  calyx,  at  the  base  of  each  flower.  Calyx 
persistent ;  segments  lanceolate,  obtuse,  glabrous.  Corolla  persistent, 
tube  as  long  as  the  calyx,  a  little  ventricose  ;  segments  acute,  expanding. 
Filaments  twice  as  long  as  the  corolla,  into  which  they  arc  inserted 
near  the  summit  of  the  tube.  Anthers  incumbent,  sagittate.  Germ 
superior,  oval.  Style  a  little  shorter  than  the  stamens.  Stigma  sim- 
ple. Capsule  2  celled,  the  upper  half  dropping  oft'  Wheri  the  seeds  are 
mature. 

Grows  in  moist  soils,  preferring  rich  ones.  Originally  from  Eu- 
rope, now  perfectly  naturalised.  Found  by  Dr.  Macbride  in  tlie  deerf 
uncleared  swamps  along  the  Sautee  river.  » 

Flowdrs  through  the  sumnier. 


8.    VlRGTNICA. 

P.  foliis  lanceolatis,  o- 
vatis,  piibcscentibus,  sub- 
denticulatis  ;  spicis  flori- 
bus  rcmotis  ;  scapo  tcrcti. 
Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  643. 

Mich.  1.  p.  94.     Pursh,  l.p.  98. 
P.  Carolinian^?  Walt.  p.  84. 

AS 


Leaves  lanceolate,  o- 
vatc,  pubescent,  sparingly 
tootbcd  ;  spike  witb  flow- 
ers remote ;  scape  co- 
lumnar. 


202  TETRANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 

Boot  annual  ?  Leaves  spathulate  lanceolate,  5  nerved,  2  of  them' 
obscure,  mari^inal.  Spikes  1 — 4  inches  loivg,  flowers  at  first  crowded, 
afterwards  by  the  elongation  of  the  scape  distant,  Bracten  lanceo- 
late, longer  than  the  calyx.  Scape  hairy,  almost  hispid.  Corolla  j^rey. 
This  species  varies  much  in  size,  and  the  pubescence  is  generally  hoary. 

I  suspect  this  plant  to  be  the  P.  Caroliniaiia  of  Walter ;  and  hi* 
Virginica,  the  interrupta  of  I. a  Marck.  Both  species  grow  abundant- 
ly in  the  neighborhood  of  water,  and  tliis  w  hea  young  has  its  fiowers- 
Tery  much  crowded. 

Grows  in  pastures  and  fields.     Very  common. 

Flowers  March — April. 


Leaves  lanceolate  ; 
spike  somewhat  ovate, 
naked ;  scape   angled. 


3.  Lanceolata. 
P.   foliis    lanceolatis  ; 

spica  subovata,  niida  ; 
scapo  angulato.  Sp,  pi. 
1.  p.  643. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  98. 

Root  perennial.  Leaves  6 — 12  inches  long,  1 — 1^  wide,  tapering 
towards  each  extremity.  5  nerved,  s])aiinglY  toothed,  a  little  hairy,- 
particularly  along  the  nerveis  on  the  under  surface,  ^cape  1 — 2  feet 
nigh,  a  little  hairy ;  flowers  in  a  very  compact  spike.  liractea  ovate, 
abruptly  acuminate,  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

Grows  generally  in  light  soils.  Originally  from  Europe,  now  natu- 
ralized. 

By  the  inhabitants  of  the  Milanese  this  is  considered  as  one  of  the 
most  valuable  plants,  which  enrich  their  meadows,  and  give  such  high 
reputation  to  the  products  of  their  dairies. 

Pursh  seems  to  suppose  that  this  plant  from  its  acuminate  bracteas 
vill  be  found  distinct  from  the  P.  lanceolata  of  Europe.  In  the 
Southern  States,  however,  it  has  every  mark  of  an  exotic  plant,  and  is 
found  only  around  settlements. 

Grows  in  all  soils  which  are  not  inundated.  Appears  to  flourish 
even  in  our  driest  sands.  Around  Charleston  and  Savannah  now- 
common. 

Flowers  May — July,  and  occasionally  through  the  summer. 

4.  Interrupta.     La  Marck. 


P.  foliis  lanceolatis^  in- 
tegerrimis,  villosinsculis ; 
spica  longa,  gracili,  in- 
terrupta ;  floribus  gla- 
bris. 


Leaves  lanceolate,  en- 
tire, hairy  ;  spike  long, 
s!er)dec  ;  flowers  scat- 
tered, glabrous. 


La  Marck.  Encyc.  5.  p.  375.     Pursh,  1.  p.  99. 

P.  sparsiflora,  Mich.  I.  p.  94. 

P.  Virginica.P  Walt.  p.  85. 

P.  Caroliniana  ?  Pursh,  1.  p.  98. 


TETRANDUIA  MONOGYNIA. 


COS 


Perennial-  Lfavps  jicncrally  lonj.  itarrow,  lancoolatr,  3—5  rorv- 
f(l,  roet'iblin;^  much  those  of  tlie  \*.  laiiceoluta.  JScnpe  long,  puk-s- 
cent  near  the  base.  Flatters  scaftoroil,  sometimes  solitary,  some- 
times, particularly  near  the  summit,  in  siiiail  clusters,  t^labrous. 

This  species  is  ;;cnerally  pube:<ceiit,  but  in  open  pastures  it  ig  some* 
times  nearly  glabrous  ;  the  leaves  may  occasionally  be  fttund  o\'ate- 
lanceolate,  as  described  by  La  Marck,  but  this  is  not  ihcir  gential 
■character. 

(-irous  in  the  moist  nine  barrens  of  St.  Stephens,  South  CaroUiia. 
Aery  abundantly.     St.  Nlary's,  Geortjia.    Dr.  Ualdwin. 

Fluwcis  all  summer. 


CENTUXCULLS. 


0////.r4.ri(lius.  Corol- 
la 4-ti(la,  j)atcns.  Sfami- 
na  ln't'viii.  Capsula  1- 
loculuiis,  circuiMscissa. 


Coltfx  4  cleft.  Cornl 
/rt  4clcrt,expan(lingc.  Std'- 
mens  slioi't.  CajmiU  i 
celled,  circiuijscissed. 


i.  Lanceolatus.     Mich. 


Leaves  lanceolate,  oval 
and  obovate,  acute  ;  fhnv. 
ers  axillary, sessile  ;  slejii 
prostrate. 


C.  foliis  lato-lanceola- 
tis,  ovalibas  ol)ovati^que, 
acutis;  floribus  axillaii- 
bus,  sessilibus  ;  caule 
prostrato.    E. 

Mich.  1.  p. 

Aoof  annual,  fibrous.     Stem  branched,  prostrate,  creeping;  fhe  ex- 
tremities  assur;^ent,  2 — 3    inches   long,  glabrous.     Leaves  al*''i  naf*', 
very  acute,  glabrous,  nairowed  at  tlie  base,  slightly  deciinent      I'lnw 
?rs  S(ditary.     Calyx  1  leaved,  p»>rRistent ;  se„meiit8  lanceolate,  *' 
as  lon'^  a^  t!ic  tube.      CurUa  1  petalled,  a  little  longer  ti'an  the  c.        , 

f>ersistent,  tlie  tube  closely  attached  to  the  uerm  ;  st^.it'jnts  acute, 
ontcer   than  the  tube.     Filaments  4,  trai.spaien*,  i< 
corolla  between  tiio  segments.    Anther.'^  erect,  C  \<j  i 
superior,  globose.     iShjle  as  long  as  the  stamens. 
t'ise.      6'a;;>M/?  globose,  1  celled.     (SVfrfv  ma  i  > . 

roughened  like  shagreen,  placed  near  tiie  cir- 

a  central  receptacle. 

As  tlie  editor  of  Micliaux,  with  specimens  hiTo;  ■ 
this  plant  as  distinct  from  C.  minimus,  1  iiave  n<it  « 
can  perceive  no  ditt'erence  between  our  plant  af.>J  t   :■ 
niinimus  in  the   Encyclopedic  Mcih.  exception  t  i.k  t 
Marck's  fuure  are  all  acrimiiiate,  ami  in  ours  t'u 

Grows  aljundantly  in  t  .e  pastures  at  Vali'OmJiv 

Flowers  Fc'bruojv— March. 


-'ed  in*i 


004 


VtBTRANDlllA  MONOCYNIA, 


CENTAURELLA.     Mich. 


Calyx  4-phyllus  ?  Co- 
rolla subcampanulata,  4- 
fida.  Capsula  i-locularis, 
S-valvis,  calyce  corolla- 
que  persistenteinvolucra- 
ta. 

1.  Verna.     Mich. 

C.  caule  simplici,  pauci- 

floro,   (1 — 3)  ;     corollis 

calyce  triplo  longioribus ; 

stylo  germensBquante.  E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  98. 


Calyx  4  leaved.     Co- 
rolla  nearly  campanulate, 

4  cleft.    Capsule  l  celled, 

5  valved,  clothed  with 
the  persistent  calyx  and 
coroUa. 

Stem  simple,  few  flower- 
ed (i — 3)  ;  corolla  thrice 
as  long  as  the  calyx  ; 
style  as  long  as  the  germ. 


Hoot  annual  ?  composed  of  very  slender  fibres.  Stem  4 — 8  inches 
bigh,  somewhat  square,  tender,  glabrous,  furnished  near  the  summit 
■*vith  a  few  opposite  branches.  Leaves  very  few,  resembling  scales, 
scarcely  1  line  in  length,  nearly  but  not  exactly  opposite.  Flowers 
terminal ;  peduncles  i — 2  inches  long,  resembling  the  stem.  Calyx 
persistent,  deeply  4  cleft,  glabrous  ;  segments  lanceolate,  expanding^ 
Corolla  1  petalled,  white ;  segments  oblong  lanceolate,  persistent. 
Filaments  4,  (sometimes  more)  half  as  long  as  tlie  corolla,  inserted  into 
its  tube,  and  expanding  through  the  fissures.  ^Anthers  incumbent,  2 
celled,  yellow.  Germ  superior,  oblong,  oval.  Style  persistent.  Stigma 
thickened,  obtuse,  2  cleft,  depuirent.  Capsule  oblong,  1  celled,  2  valv- 
ed.    Seeds  very  numerous. 

Grows  in  boggy  and  damp  soils,  in  the  vicinity  of  the  ocean.  Very 
common  in  Chatham  county,  Georgia.  The  young  or  feeble  planta 
:fcequently  produce  only  a  terminal  flower. 

Flowers  February — April. 


S.  Paniculata.     Mich. 

C.  floribus  paniculatis ; 
corollis  calycem  sequanti- 
bus ;  stylo  brevissimo.  E. 


Flowers  in  panicles  ; 
corolla  as  long  as  the 
calyx  J   style  very  short. 


Mich.  1.  p.  98. 

C.  autumnalis,  Pursh,  1.  p.  100. 

Sagina  Virginica,  Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  719. 

Moot   annual.      Stem  1   foot  high,  square  ;     branches   brachiate. 
Itgaifes  minute;  subulate,  alternate  near  the  root,  nearly  opposite  to- 


TETRANDRI-V   MONOGYNIA. 


S05 


wards  the  summit.  Floicers  in  a  brachiatc  panicle.  Calyx  4  leaved,  the 
two  outer  decurrent.  Corolla  4  clett ;  segments  acute,  not  longeJ 
than  the  calyx.     Stifle  very  sliort.     Stigma  obtuse. 

In  the  preccdinj;  species  the  calyx  appears*  deeply  4  parted,  in  this 
distinctly   4  leaved. 

Grows  in  ditches  and  damp  ground.  To  mc  not  flo'iommon  as  the 
former  species. 

Flowers  July — August, 


FRASERA. 


Caltjx  4  parted.  Co- 
rolla 4  parted,  bearing  a 
nectary.     Capsule  i  cell- 


ed, 2  valved. 
pressed 


margined. 


Seed  com- 


Calyx  4 -partitas.  Co- 
rolla 4-parlita,  nectari- 
fera.  Cupsula  l-locula- 
ris,  2-valvis.  Semina 
compressa,  nmrgiiuita. 

1.  Walteri.     Mich. 

Mich.  1.  p.  or. 

F.  Caroliuicnsis,  AValt.  p.  88. 

Root  large,  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  erect,  0 — 8  feet  hii^h,  nearly- 
square,  furrowed,  branching.  Leaves  glabrous,  generally  verticillate, 
sometimes  opposite ;  the  lower  leaves  oblong  lanceolate,  entire, 
membranous,  delicately  veined,  6—8  inches  long,  C — 3  wide ;  upper 
leaves  narrow  lanceolate,  small.  Flowers  verticillate,  pedun- 
cles 1 — 3  inches  lon^,  1  flowered.  Segments  of  the  calyx  lanceolate, 
shorter  than  the  cniolla.  Segments  ot  the  corolla  lanceolate,  near  the 
centre  of  each  a  circular  gland  beautifully  fringed.  Filaments  4,  shorter 
than  the  corolla,  attached  to  the  base,  and  alternating  with  the  seg- 
ments of  the  corolla,  ^inthers  oblong,  incumbent.  Germ  superior, 
ovate,  tapering  above.  Style  only  the  attenuated  germ,  bifid.  'S7i^- 
vtas  2,  diverging.  Capsule  compressed.  Sreds  few,  8 — 12, elliptical, 
compressed,  winged,  so  attached  to  the  attenuate  margins  of  the  cap- 
sule &a  to  lie  over  each  other  in  an  imbricate  position. 

Found  in  Fairfield  district,  by  Mr.  Hcrbemont.  It  grows  also  in 
Abbeville. 

Flowers.  ^[arietta  Columho. —  Wild  Columho. 

The  root  is  considered  a  good  bitter  tonic,  and  has  been  extensive- 
ly used  as  a  substitute  for  the  Columba  root,  indeed  tJiey  are  be- 
lieved by  many  tn  be  the  same.  They,  however,  not  only  belong  to 
difterent  plants,  but  according  to  r...  analysis  made  by  Dr.  Drake  ofCin- 
cinnati,  (ihio,  their  constituent  parts  are  essentially  diiferent.  The 
root  of  the  Frasera  "  is  bitter  m  ithout  aroma,  and  in  its  recent  state  is 
"  said  to  possess  considerable  emetic  and  carthartic  powers.  As  a 
**  medicine  it  is  perhaps  ccpial  to  any  of  our  native  tonics."  DrakeV 
Cincinnati)  p.  86. 


206 


TETRANDRIA    MONOCYNCA. 


SANGUISORBA. 


Calyx  f.'phylJus,  infe- 
rus.  Corolla  supera. 
Germen  inter  calycem 
coroUamque. 

1.  Canadensis. 

S.  spicis  c\lindricis, 
longissimis  ;  staniinibus 
corolla  miiltoties  longio- 
ribus.     Willcl.  Enuni.  pi. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  654.     Mich.  1.  p. 


Calyx  2  leaved,  infe. 
rior.  Corolla  superior. 
The  germ  between  the 
calyx  and  corolla. 


Spikes  cylindric,  very 
long  ;  stamens  many 
times  longer  than  the 
corolla. 

100.     Pursh,  l.p.  116. 


Hoot  perennial.  Stem  S — 5  feet  high,  glabrous,  columnar,  branch- 
ing. Leaves  alternate,  pinnate,  terminating  with  an  odd  one  ;  the 
upper  leaflets  opposite,  the  lower  approximate  ;  leaflets  cordate,  ovate, 
elongate,  obtuse,  very  acutely  serrate,  strongly  veined,  and  glaucous 
underneath,  glabrous.  Small  stijndaceous  leaves  arc  scattered  along 
the  petiole.  Flowers  in  a  long  (12 — 18  inches)  crowded  spike.  Ca- 
lyx 2  leaved,  caducous  ?  Corolla  on  the  summit  o  tlie  germen,  rotate, 
4  parted,  white,  becoming  greenish,  persistent ;  segments  ovate,  ob- 
tuse, ending  in  a  callous  point.  Filaments  much  longer  than  the  corol- 
la, clavate,  flattened  above.  Anthers  small,  pale  yellow,  seated  on  the 
end  of  the  filaments.  Style  shorter  than  the  filaments.  Stigma  capitate, 
very  obscurely,  if  at  all  divided.  Germ  4  angled,  single  seeded.  Seed 
ovate.  Capsule  4  angled,  adhering  to  the  seed,  and  not  opening  in  a 
regular  manner. 

Dr.  Macbride  collected  specimens  of  this  plant  in  our  mountains,  in 
flat  moist  places.  It  was  formerly  seen  in  the  Cherokee  territory  by 
William  Bartram. 

Flowers  fxom  August  to  October. 


2.  Media. 

S.  spicis  cylindricis ; 
staminibiis  corolla  longi- 
oribus.    Willd.  Enum.  pi. 


Spikes  cylindrical;  sta- 
mens longer  than  the 
corolla. 


Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  654.     Pursh,  1.  p.  116. 


The  spikes  are  shorter  than  those   of  the  precedifig  species,  and 
tinged  with  red.     Pursh. 

Grows  in  meadows  on  the  mountains,  frorn  Canada  to  Carolina.    P. 
Flowers  July— -August. 


TETKANDRIA  M0N0CYN2A. 


nor 


COUNUS. 


Cah/x  suprrus,  4-(lcii- 
tatus.  Pet  Ilia  supo  ra,  4. 
Drupa  nucc  2-loculari. 

*  Fl  or  lb  us  capital  is,  in- 
Tolucralis. 


CuUfx  superior,  4  tooth- 
ed. PetaU  4,  su])cnor. 
Drupe  tontaiiiing  a  H  cell- 
ed nut. 

*  Florcrrs  in  hrads^ 
surroundnl  by  an  invo- 
lua'um. 


Herbaceous ;  the  upper 
leaves  verlicillate, veined; 
involucruni  ovate,  acu- 
minate ',   drupes  globose. 


1.  CANAnr.xsis. 

C.  herl)acea  ;  foliis 
sumniis  vcrticillatis,  ve- 
nosis  ;  involucris  ovatis, 
acuniinatis  ;  drupis  2;lo- 
bosis.     Sp.  pi.  I.  p.  GGl. 

Mich.  1.  p.  Pursh,  1.  p.  lOr. 

This  singular  little  shrub  scarcely  exceeds  6  inches  in  hei^-ht  Stem 
angled  near  the  summit.  Tlie  hnver  leaves  are  small,  opposite,  the  up- 
per vcrticillate,  or  rather  perhaps  toriiate  anil  opposite,  the  interme- 
diate leal'  bein:;  longer  than  the  lateral,  all  sii^iitlr  acuminate  and 
marked  by  rib-like  veins.  Fluwev^  in  a  terminal  capitiiium,  very  small. 
Invrjlticrum  white.     Berries  red. 

Grows  in  boguy  ground,  ou  high  mountains,  from  Ncw-Eugland  to 
Carolina.     Pursh. 

Flowers  May. 


Arborescent  ;  leaves 
ovate,  acuminate  ;  invo- 
hicrum  large,  obcordate ; 
drupes  ovate. 


2.  Florida. 

C.  arborea :  foliis  ova- 
tis, acuminatis  :  invohi- 
cris  magnis,  obcordatis  ; 
drupis  ovatis.  Pursh,  i. 
p.  108. 

Sp.  pi.  p.  6G1.     AValt.  p.  88.     Mich.  1.  p.  91. 

A  tree  15-— £j  feet  hijjji,  the  iruvh-  8— lOinrhcs  (li;jme(pr.  with  ex- 
pandinsbrancttes,  the  smalU-r  crowded  at  the  extremities  (d  theoid^r. 
If'nnd  fine  grained,  Iiard.  diiral)le.  L^-aves  oppi.site,  deciduous,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  acuminate,  entire,  ribbed  :  the  vounger  ones  verv  pubes- 
cent, almost  villous  on  the  under  surface.  >'o.,fr.s  in  tenninal  headn. 
Involucrum  4  leaved  j  leaves   large,  obcordate,  nerved,  white  ;  the* 


il08 


TBTRANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


sinus  callous,  sessile  at  the  base  of  each  head,  and  enclosing  it  beford 
the  time  of  flowering.  Calyx  1  leaved,  small,  tubular,  border  4  cleft  i 
segments  erect,  obtuse,  shorter  than  the  tube.  Petals  4,  linear-lance- 
olate, inserted  into  the  summit  of  the  germ,  yellowish.  Filaments  4, 
as  long  as  the  corolla,  alternating  with  the  petals.  Anthers  incum- 
bent, 2  lobed.  Germ  inferior,  slightly  angled.  Style  shorter  thaa 
the  stamens,  surrounded  at  base  by  a  glandular  ring,  around  which 
the  petals  and  filiaments  are  inserted.    Stigma  capitate.     Drupe  red. 

Grows  in  light  rich  soils. 

Flowers  March — April.  Dogivood, 

The  bark  of  the  trunk  and  branches  of  this  tree  has  been  long 
employed  as  a  substitute  for  the  Peruvian  bark.  Its  tonic  power  is 
considerable,  but  in  its  recent  state  it  is  apt  to  disorder  the 
stomach  and  bowels.  To  obviate  this  effect,  it  is  recommended  not 
to  use  it  for  a  year  after  it  has  been  stripped  from  the  tree.  It  may 
be  given  in  powder  in  the  same  doses  with  the  Peruvian  bark.  A 
decoction  of  the  buds  and  small  branches  agrees  well  with  a  weak 
stomach,  and  is  probably  the  most  eligible  form  of  using  this  article. 

The  wood  is  much  used  by  mill-wrights,  carpenters,  &.Ci 


**  Floribus  nudis,  cy- 
piosis, 

3.  Sericea. 

C.  ramis  patulis ;  foliis 
ovatis,  acuminatis,  subtus 
ferrugineo-sericeis  ;  cy- 
mis  depressis,lanuginosis. 
Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  665. 


**  Floweti  naked,  in 
cymes. 

Branches  expanded  ; 
leaves  ovate,  acuminate, 
the  under  surface  clothed 
with  a  silky  ferruginous 
down ;  cymes  depressed, 
woolly. 


Pursh,  1.  p.  108. 
C.  lanuginosa,  Mich.  1.  p.  92. 
A  shrub  5 — 10  feet  high.     Leaves  oblong,  smooth  on  the  upper  sur- 
face, sometimes  slightly  cordate.     Flowers  crowded  in  the  cymes- 
berries  bright  blue. 
Grows  on  the  banks  of  rivulets,  among  tlie  mountains^ 
Flowers  June. 


4.  Sanguinea. 

C.  ramis  strictis  ;  foliis 
ovatis,  concoloribus  u- 
trinque  pubescentibus  ; 
cymis  patentibus.  Pursh, 
1.  p.  109. 

Sp.  pi.  p.  662. 


Branches  straight  ; 
leaves  ovate,  pubescent, 
and  of  the  same  colour 
on  both  surfaces  j  cymes 
expanding. 


TETRANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


eo9 


A  shrub  8 — \2  foot  high.  liranches  smooth,  generally  dark  purple, 
pubescent  when  young.  leaves  broad,  rreiiueiitly  oval,  abruptly  acu- 
oiinate,  nearly  smooth  on  the  upper  surface.  Ctfmes  expanding,  whcfl 
old  almosit  ilivaricatc.     ('//♦rriVs  dark  brown.     Pursh.) 

Grows  in  the  vallies  amongst  tlic  loountains. 

Flower  May — June. 


Brandies  stiff  and 
straight  ;  leaves  ovate, 
naked,  of  one  colour  j 
cymes  pananiculated. 


5.  Stricta. 

C.  raniis  strictis  ;  foliis 
ovatis,  concolorihus,  nu- 
diusculis ;  cymis  panicu- 
lalis.     Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  603. 

C,  sanguinca,  Walt.  p.  88. 
C.  fastigiata,  Mich.  1.  p.  92. 

A  shrub  8 — 1 5  feet  high,  stoloniferous,  branching ;  branches  opposite,, 
glabrous,  generally  red,  roughened  by  irregular  protuberances.  Leaven 
ovate-lanceolate,  acuminate,  entire,  glabrous,  but  sparingly  sprinkled 
with  short  hair.  Cymes  nuked,  tastigiate.  Petals  ovate-lanceolate, 
much  longer  than  the  calyx.  Flowers  fragrant.  Filaments  a  little 
I  nger  than  the  petals. 

The  cymes  in  this  species  are  sometimes  regular,  sometimes  puni<^ 
culate. 

Grows  in  swamps.    Very  common  in  the  low  country. 

Flowers  April. 


0.    PANtCULATA. 

C.  ramis  ercctis ; 


foliis 


Branches  erect ;  leavcf^ 
ovate,  acuminate,  hoaiy 
underneath  ;  cymes  pan- 
iculated. 


ovatis,  acuminatis,  subtus 
canis ;  cymis  paniculatis. 
Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  664. 

Pursh,    l.p.  109. 

A  shrub  4 — 6  feet  high.  Leaver  frequently  lanceolate.  Flowers 
in  compact  panicles,     f  Berries  white,  depressed,  globose.     Pursh.) 

Grows  in  swamps  and  near  rivulets,  from  Canada  to  Carolina,  rare. 
Pursh. 

I  have  specimens  collected  in  very  dry  soils  near  Beaufort,  that 
appear  to  connect  this  species  with  tlie  C.  stricta.  The  leaves  arc 
nearly  of  the  same  colour  on  each  surface  ;  the  flowers  in  panicles. 

Flowers  May — June. 


7.  AspERiFOLiA.     Mich. 

C.  ramis  erectis,  puhes-  I      Branches  erect,  pubes- 
centibus;  foliis  ovali-lan-  j  cent;    leaves  oval-lancet- 


310 


TETRANDRIA   MONOGYNTA. 


ceolatis,   acuminatis,  su- 
pra liispidis. 


olate,  acuminate,  sea*, 
brous,  almost  hfepid  on 
the  upper  surface. 

Mich.  1.  p.  93.     Pursh,  1.  p.  108. 

A  shrub  4 — 10  feet  high,  stoloniferous  ;  branches  virgate,  the  yoting' 
ro'if^h.  the  old  glabrous.  Leaves  very  entire,  scabrous,  tomentose 
on  the  under  surface.  Petioles  3 — 4  lines  long,  hairy.  Cymes 
terminate,  fastigiate.  Peduncles  pubescent,  slightly  coloured. 
Petals  o  lo  ig  lanceolate,  white,  pubescent.  Filaments  shorter  than 
the  pet  Is.  Anthers  Tpwr^A^.  Germ  villous.  Style  thick,  as  long  a* 
the  st;  men  :.  somewl-at  persistent. 

Gr^ws  in  drv,  saadj  soils,  moderately  fertile.  Common  near  Beau- 
fort. 

Flowers  June. 


8.  Alterntotja, 

C.  raihis  ve.iijcosis  ; 
foliis  altoTiiis.  ovatis,  acu- 
tis.  suhtUvS  caniHi ;  ryjuis 
d*  pres^i^,  puteiitibus. 
Pursh.  1    I).  109. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  664.     Mich.  1.  p.  93. 

A  small  tree  15 — 20  feet  hi-^h.  Leaves  on  long  slender  petioles,  the 
yo'iUii  tapering  to  a  point,  tiie  old  with  a  long  acuniination.  Berries 
purple. 

drows  along  the  margin  of  rivulets,  among  the  mountains. 

Flowers  May — June. 


Branches  warty  y  leaves 
alternate,  ovate,  acute, 
hoary  underneath  ;  cy- 
mes depressed,  expand- 
ing. 


PTELEA. 


Corolla  4-petala.  Ca- 
lyx 4-paititus,  inferus. 
Stigmata  2.  Samara 
suhrotunda,  centro  niono- 
sperma. 

1.  Tripoltata. 

P.  foliis  trifoliatis  ;  flo- 
ribus  paiiiculatis,  dioicis. 

E. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  ero. 

■\Valt.  p. 

Mich.  I.  p.  99.    Pursh,  1.  p.  107. 


Corolla  4  petal! ed.  Ca- 
lyx 4  parted,  inferior. 
Stigmas  2.  AS'w7;zGrfl  near- 
ly round,  1  seeded  in  the 
centre. 


Leaves  trifoliate ;  flow- 
ers in  paniclesj  dioicous. 


TBTRANDni\   MONOr.YNiA, 


SlI 


A  shmb  6—8  fi'pt  li'mli ;  t!io  vouni;:  brandies  <«rote,  pubfsoeiit,  the 
vld  :rl:ibroiis.  l^fuvfs  tfiDato,  Icalk'ts  (ililmii;,  laiiccDlate,  acumi'iatp, 
CHMPilate,  put)»'>ctMit,  vfiiifd,  tlio  uruler  surlace  paler  tliau  the  upiicr, 
2 — ;>  iiichcN  lim:;,  1 — '2  wide,  (.'oiniuoii  pt'tiole  2 — 3  iiiclies  lon^i,  pu- 
bescent. I^ajifts  sessile.  Floicert  iti  terminal  panicles-  Of  the 
sterile  flowers  the  cahf.v  verv  hairv,  the  se  incnts  subulate,  appreiiseil. 
ConUln  A  potalled  .''  ii'«irie  petalled  tiic  segments  ro.-crc  ver\  sli^litly)» 
4  (ir  5  tiuM's  as  loui;  as  thecal%\.  iV^ci/s  oval,  obtuse,  pubescent, 
j:reenish.  h'ilameuts  4,  shorter  than  the  corolla,  tonientosc  at  base. 
•iiithers  oblong;,  £  celled,  derm  small,  hidden  in  tlie  down  of  the 
filaments.  iSVy/<'  very  sh-nt.  W/iVi/ia  bilid.  'l'!ie  fertile  How  ers  sim- 
ilar, but  the  sj  rm  more  conspiruous.  Capsule  lanceolate,  com*- 
pressed,  5  celled,  not  openin;;,  surrounded  by  a  circular  membrane. 
Seed  I  in  each  cell. 

Flowers  of  a  stroni;  disaxreeable  smell. 

tirows  in  the  mi-Idle  and  iiprnT  country,  rare  in  the  lower.  Found 
wear  Savannah  hv  Mr.  .\bbut.    On  James"  island. 

FloweW  May — June. 

2.  MoNOPiiYLLA.     La  Maick. 


Lea\c3  simple,  lancpo- 
latc-oMitc,  nearly  sessile; 
iVuit  3  winged. 


P.  ibliis  siniplicibus, 
lanceolato-ovatis,  sub.ser>- 
sililm* ;  IVudibus  trialatis. 
Lam.  Encyc.  p.  336. 

Of  this  species  1  know  nothing;  but  from  the  description  of  lia  Marck, 
uho  adds  that  the  tlower?  are  in  raceme:*,  and  that  it  was  found  ia 
Candina  by  Mr.  John  Fraser,  whose  y.eal  and  indef'ati;^ahle  exertioua 
in  the  collection  of  the  j)lanis  of  this  country  are  well  known. 

LUDWIGLi. 


Coltjr  4-partitus,  su- 
perus.  Corolla  4-pctala, 
vel  0.  Capsi/Ia  ^-^[ona, 
4-locuIaris,  polyspcnna. 

*  .fiprtdlcc. 

i.   pALiSiins. 

L  caule  prostrato,  re- 
pente ;  folii-;  ()pj)()sitis, 
lanccolatis  hasi  attcnua- 
tis  ;  capsulis  ohlongis, 
sub  angulalis.    E. 

L.  apetala,  Walt.  89. 

I.,  nitida,  .Mich.  1.  p.  87.     Ptirsh,  I.  p.  Ill 

Isuardia  palustris,  Sp.  pi.  1.  p. 


Calijx'  4  parted,  supe- 
rior, i^etdh  4,  or  0.  (Uip. 
sfile  A  angled,  4  celled, 
many  seeded. 

*   IVitliout  petals. 

Stem  prostrate,  creep- 
ing ;  leaves  opposite,  I-.n- 
ccolate,  tapering  at  Ijasc  ; 
capsule  oblong.  t>ligiiliy 
angled. 


21S  TBTRANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 

Root  fibrous,  perennial.  Stem  slightly  angled,  succulent,  branch-, 
ing.  Leaves  verv  entire,  glabrous.  Flowers  solitary,  axillary,  ses- 
sile ;  2  small  subulate  leaves  at  the  base  of  each  flower.  Calyx  deep- 
ly 4  parted  ;  segments  acuminate,  shorter  than  the  germ.  Corolla  0. 
Filaments  4,  opposite  to  the  segments  of  the  calyx,  and  one  half  as 
long.  Anthers  nearly  round,  2  celled,  whitish.  Germ  inferior,  tur- 
binate. Style  short.  Stigma  capitate.  Capsule  oblong,  slightly  4 
angled,  crowned  with  the  permanent  calyx  Receptacle  central,  with 
a  wing  extending  into  each  cell  to  which  the  seeds  are  attached* 
^eeds  numerous,  oval,  glabrous. 

Grows  in  wet  ground,  ditches,  bogs,  &g. 

Flowers  nearly  the  whole  year. 


Glabrous  ;  leaves  cii- 
neate-lanceolate,  decur^ 
rent ;  stem  winged ;  cap- 
sules  cubic,  sessile. 


2.  Alata.     E. 

L.  glabra  ;  foliis  cune- 
ato-lanceolatis,  decur- 
rentibus  ;  caule  alato  ; 
eapsulis  cubicis,  sessili- 
bus.    E. 

Stem  about  2  feet  high,  sparingly  branched,  more  strongly  winged 
than  any  of  our  species  of  Ludwigia  excepting  the  doubtful  L.  jussice- 
•ides.  Leaves  alternate,  cuneate,  at  base  lanceolate  or  oval,  the  ijaar- 
gins  irregular  as  if  denticulate.  Calyx  shorter  than  the  capsule. 
Capsule  somewhat  cubical,  slightly  winged. 

Found  in  damp  places  on  Sullivan's  Island,  in  the  wooded  part  of 
ilie  island. 

JFlowers  July — September. 


Stem  decumbent,  slights 
ly  winged  ;  leaves  alter- 
nate, spathulate-obovate  j 
flowers  axillary,  sessile* 


S.  MicROCARPA.     Mich. 

L.  caule  decumbente, 
subalato  ;  foliis  altcrnis, 
spatbulato-obovatis  ;  flo- 
j'ibus  axillaribus,  sessili- 
bus.     E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  88.         ' 

L.  glandulosa  ?  Pursh,  1.  p.  111. 

Root  annual  }  Stem  about  a  foot  high,  branching,  slightly  angled  by 
the  decurrent  leaves.  Leaves  acute,  glabrous,  margins  obscurely 
denticulate,  about  an  inch  long,  3 — 4  lines  wide.  Stigma  simple,  ob- 
tuse. Capsule  very  small,  4  furrowed,  discharging  its  seed  through  a, 
pore  in  the  summit  of  the  capsule. 

Grows  in  damp  soils.  Rare  to  mc-  Found  in  the  fields  at  Walnut 
Hill,  seven  miles  from  Beaufort. 

Flowers  July— -Sejftembexv 


TETRANDRIA   MONOCYNIA-. 


tii^ 


4.  Sph.t.rocaup^.     E. 

L.  caulc  crocto,  ramo- 
so ;  Ibliis  linouri-lancco- 
latis  ;  capsulis  parvulis, 
sessilihus,  globosis,  pu- 
bcsceiilibus.     E. 


Stem  erect,  brandling; ; 
leaves  linear-lanceolate ; 
capsules  small,  sessile, 
globose,  pubescent. 


Root  ppiennial.  Stem  2  feet  Iiii^li,  erect,  slender,  very  slij^litly  an- 
gled, glabrous.  Leaves  '2  inches  lonj;,  2  linoA  wido,  very  acute,  base 
also  acute,  u;labrnus,  sprinkled  wlion  younj;  witlia  lew  hairs,  alternate. 
J^loivcrs  sessile,  axillary.      Cah/x  about  as  lono;  as  flic  germ. 

This  plant  has  much  afluiity  to  the  L.  mollis,  but  is  every  way 
more  slender  and  more  glabrous,  the  capsules  not  more  than  one 
quarter  of  their  size,  and  destitute  of  the  two  leaves  which  mark  the- 
capsules  of  L.  mollis. 

Found  near  Orangeburgh,  S.  C.  in  swampy  grounds. 

Flowers  July — September. 


S.    CVLINDRICA.       E. 

L.  caule  erecto,  ramo- 
so,  sub  angulato  ;  foliis 
lanceolatis  ;  capsulis  c}  - 
lindricis.     E. 


Stem  eicct,  branching, 
slightly  angled  ;  leaves 
lanceolate  ;  capsule  cy- 
lindrical. 


Root  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  3  feet  high,  glabrous.  Leaves 
alternate,  tapering  at  each  extremity,  3—4  inches  long,  nearly  I 
vide,  sligiitly  decurrent  ;  the  margins  appear  remotely  denticulate. 
Segments  oi"  the  calyx  serrulate,  shorter  than  tlic  germ.  J'ilaments 
tiui^cd  with  purple.  ^Intliera  yellow.  Germ  cylindrical,  somewhat 
scabrous.  Stifle  thick.  Stigma  caj)itate,  globose.  Capsule  oblong, 
cylindrical,  slightly  4  furrowed,  and  pubescent.    Seeds  slightly  angled. 

This  plant  has  been  considered  as  the  L.  glandulosa  of  Walter,  but 
its  leaves  are  never  ovate,  nor  have  I  ever  seen  the  glands  from  which 
Walter  formed  his  name  ;  neither  is  it  probable  that  Walter  would 
have  omitted  to  mention  the  cylindrical  capsule,  which  is  much  more 
remarkable  in  this  species  than  in  the  L.  linearis. 

Grows  at  Burton's  Hill,  three  miles  from  Beaufort;  and  found  near 
Savannah  bv  Dr.  Baldwin. 

Flowers  July — September. 


C.    LVNCEOLATA. 

L.  caule  virgato  ;  foliis 
ungusto-laaceolatiM,    gla- 


Stem  virgatc  ;    leaves 
narrow,   lanceolate,  gla- 


21* 


TETRANDTIIA    MONOGYNIA. 


bi'is,  su])decn!Tentibup  ; 
capsulis  cul)ids,  sessili- 
biis,  alatis.     E. 


brous,  sliglitly  tleciirre?it ; 
capsules    cubic,    sessile. 


winged. 


Ront  perennial  ?  Stem  erect,  rarely  branclied.  angled,  glabrous. 
Lo  ivps  \iing,  lanceolate,  taperinsi  tovvai-ds  both  extrciviities.  Flowers 
a'.'llatv,  sessile,  solitary,  numerous.  Calya-  shorter  than  the  capsule. 
Capsule,  cubical,  winged. 

Discovered  by  Mr.  Le  Conte,  in  the  swamps  in  Georgia,  and  sent  to 
ine  by  Dr.  Baldwin.  A  variety  Mil!i  narrow  leaves,  and  capsules 
-sri;-' tly  winged,  tjows  on  the  neck  about  six  miles  IVoui  Charleston. 

Flowers  through  the  summer. 


"**  JVith  the  rudiments 
of  petals. 

Villous  ;  stem  erect, 
much  branched  ;  leaves 
lanceolate  ;  flowers  gen- 
erally clustered  ;  capsule 
globose,  a  leaved. 


**  Rudimentis  tantum 
p'talorum. 

7.  Mollis.     Mich. 

L.  villosa  ;  caule  erec- 
to,  ntJrosissimo  ;  fohis 
lanceoiatis  ;  floribus  ple- 
rumque  congestis  ;  cap- 
sula  globosa,  bifoliata.   E. 

Mich.  l.p.  90.     Pursh,  1.  p.  111. 
L.  rudis  ?    Walt.  p.  89. 

Moot  perennial,  tlirowirtg  out  many  creepino-  suckers.  Stem  erect, 
more  branched  than  in  any  other  species,  covered,  as  every  part  of 
the  plant,  with  a  soft  villous  down,  scarcely  at  all  angled.  Leaves 
on  the  runners  spathulate  lanceolate,  on  the  stem  alternate,  lanceolate, 
acute  at  each  extremity.  Floivers  axillary,  sessile,  clustered  towards  the 
extremity  of  tlie  branches  into  a  compact,  cylindrical,  leafy  spike. 
Calyx  as  long  as  the  germ,  and  nearly  as  long  as  the  mature  capsule. 
Cnpsiite  globose,  villous ;  the  two  bracteal  leaves,  which  in  the  other 
species  are  below  the  capsule,  in  this  are  seated  on  it. 

Grows  in  ditches  and  bogs.  The  most  common  perhaps  of  all  tbp 
ispecies. 

Flowers  August — September. 


8.  Capitata.     Mich. 

L.  caule  erecto,  virga- 
to  ;  ihl.is  lirieari-lanceo- 
latis,  glal)i'is  ;  flojibus 
pleiumque  conferto  cap- 


Stem  erect,  virgate  ; 
leaves  linear-lanceolate, 
ghibrous  ;  flowers  gene- 
rally clustered  into   ter- 


TETRANDRTA  MONOGVNIA. 


Sf5 


Itatis  ;     bi^actcis    calyce  I  niinal    hcu'ls ;     hracteas 
lon2;ioni)us.     E.  |  longer  tliaii  the  calyx. 

Mich.  I    p.  90.     Pursh,  l.p.  111. 
L.  sufl"!  utic(»!*ii,  Walt.  p.  90. 

Itoi)t  poionnial.  Stem  liorbaccous.  erect,  cnlumnai',  "•labrons,  voi-y 
Slinlitly  inarktMl  by  tlic  (lecurrt'nt  leaves.  L  nve-^  imm.Iv  subulate, 
Very  acute,  o!)tusc  at  base,  glabrous.  Flowers  sessil»».  adllarv,  smiie- 
timcs  a  little  remote,  5;ciierally  T  nniii'^  a  compact  liea<l.  liracteasj 
Avbicli  in  most  of  the  species  are  minute  leaves  at  tlie  base  of  tlie  cap- 
sule, in  this  are  l(Hif:;or  than  the  calyx,  and  lanceolate.  Caly.r  lonirei 
that!  the  rrerm.  {I'etah  shorter  thau  the  calyx.  Mich.)  In  the  sne- 
cimen  no  trace  of  a  corolla  is  pcrcejitible.  I  have  never  been  it  la 
flower.     Capsule  oblunir,  slightly  \vin2;eil. 

Not  very  common,  but  widely  dift'iiS'^d.  Sent  fiom  Louisville, 
Georj;ia,  I>y  Mr.  Jack>on  ;  St.  Mary's,  by  IJr.  lialdwiu.     Ogcchee. 

(irons  in  damp  soil.s. 

Flowers  August — October. 


***  CoroUatce, 
9.  Pedixculosa. 


I      **#•  -D^itji  corollas, 
Mich. 


Stem  procumbent,  ra- 
diciiiit ;  leaves  opposite, 
lanceolate  ;  pefliincles 
longer  tlum  the  leaves. 


L.  caiile  prociimljcntc, 
radicante  ;  loliis  o|)posi- 
lls.  lanceolalis;  jieduncii- 
lis  foliis  longioiibiis.     E. 

Mich,  i,  p.  88.— Pursh,  1.  p.  111. 
L.  arcuatar  Walt.  89. 

It'mt  perennial.  Stem  sparin2;ly  pubescent,  branchinc;,  purple,  3 — G 
inches  lon^.  Leaves  sessile,  er.fire,  glabrous  on  the  uppi'r  surface* 
the  under  sli^ihtly  fjirinkled  with  hair,  3 — t  lines  loJiir  I — If  wide. 
Flnirers  axillary,  solitary;  peduncles  C — 3  limes  as  long  as  the  leaves. 
Calyx  longer  than  tlie  ;^erm.  Petals  obovate,  entire,  yellow,  larj^e  foi' 
the  size  of  the  plant,  inserted  into  the  summit  of  the  term,  alternat- 
inj^  with  tiie  scjrments  of  tlie  calyx,  caducous.  Stameiis  hall  as  Nmi"- 
as  the  calyx.  Stt/le  and  s/Z^jiur  yellow.  Capsule  inversely  conical, 
pubescent,  opening  .hroM2;h  a  central  pore. 

Grow  s  in  boiis  and  wet  places  of  the.  lower  country. 

Howers  Ma> — June. 


iO.  LiNHVKis.     ^Valt. 

L.  caul"  erccto.  ramo- 
»o.  supenie  an;j:iilato;  Ib- 
liislineaiibns.  :5lal)ris;  llo-     leaves    linear,  glabrous; 


Stem  erect,  branebins;, 
af]c:Ietl  near  the  sunuiiit; 


ril)us  sessilibus.     E. 

Walt.  p.  89— Pur^h,  I.  p.  110. 
L.  angu^tifolia,  Mich.  1.  p.  88r 


/lowers  sessile. 


^16 


TEtRANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


Root  perennial.  Stem  2  feet  high,  below  columnar,  above  slightly 
angled  by  the  decurrent  leaves.  Leaves  alternate,  glabrous,  2  inches 
long,  when  magnified  slightly  serrulate  ;  with  two  subulate  glands  at 
base.  Calyx  shorter  than  the  germ.  Petals  obovate,  longer  than  the 
calyx,  yellow.  Jlnthers  oblong,  large,  erect,  with  the  margins  crenate. 
Germ  oblong,  furrowed,  the  angles  rounded. 

Grows  in  shallow  water,  generally  in  ditches  and  SAvamps. 

Flowers  July — September. 


Stem   virgate, 


pubes- 
cent; leaves  ovate,  elon- 
gate, obtuse  ;  calyx  re- 
liexedj  capsules  winged. 


11.    ViRGATA.       Mich. 

L.  caule  virgato,  pu- 
bescente;  foliis  ovato-e- 
longatis,  obtusis;  calyce 
reflexo;  capsidis  alatis. 
E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  89.~Pursh,  1.  p.  UO? 
L.  alternifolia,  Walt.  p.  89. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  erect  2 — 3  feet  high,  sliglitly  angled  by  the 
decurrent  leaves,  pubescent,  rarely  branched.  Leaves  closely  sessile^ 
narrow,  soft,  pubescent,  rounded  at  base,  the  summit  obtuse  or  abrupt- 
ly acute.  Flowers  rather  remote,  on  peduncles  about  4  inch  long. 
Calyx  longer  than  the  capsule,  segments  lanceolate,  acute,  reflexed. 
Petals  obovate,  longer  than  the  calyx,  caducous.  Capsule  nearly  cu- 
bic, with  the  angles  winged,  opening  through  a  central  pore. 

Grows  in  close  soils.     Very  common.     Less  of  an  aquatic  plani^ 
than  any  other  species. 

Flowers  May — September. 


Hairy,  sometimes  hir- 
sute; stem  erect,  branch- 
ing; leaves  ovate,  obtuse; 
calyx    erect  ;     capsules 


winged. 


12.   PiLosA.     Walt. 

L.  pilosa,  interdum  hir- 
auta ;  caule  erecto,  ramo- 
so ;  foliis  ovatis,  obtusis  ; 
calyce  erecto ;  capsulis 
alatis.     E* 

Walt.  p.  89. 

L.  hirsuta,  La.   Marck,  Encyc.  p.  587. — Pursh,  1.  p.  110. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  673. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  erect,  sometimes  virgate,  sometimes  much 
branched,  hairy,  columnar,  the  branches  very  slightly  marked  by  the 
decurrent  leaves.  Leaves  obtuse  at  each  end,  10 — 18  lines  long,  3—4 
lines  wide.  Flowers  axillary,  on  peduncles  one  half  inch  long.  Seg- 
ments of  the  calyx  longer  than  the  germ.  Petals  obovate,  yellow, 
rather  longer  than  the  calyx.  Capsule  somewhat  cubical,  slight- 
ly winged,  opening  through  a  central  pore. 


TETRANDRIA   MONOGA'NrA.  2l7 

In  habit  much  resciiihliii'^  the  precM'dinrr  specios.  To  Dr.  Baldwin 
I  am  iiuk'l»t»Ml  lor  tho  obsorvutioii  that  t)»'>iiU's  the  other  iiotol  m^xk* 
ot  liistiiu tion,  the  cal^x  in  always  erect  iu  ihij  speciev,  uud  rcHttcTed 
hi  tlu'  rormer. 

Grows  in  miry  and  clayoj  soilak 

Flowers  Aujrust — October. 


14.  Alternifoi.i  V. 

L.  cauie  crccto.  raino-  |  Stem  erect,  !>ranc]iin^, 
so.  scal)riusculo;  Ibliis  al-  |  slightly  scabrous;  Icavci 
ternis,  lariccolatis;  cap-  |  alurnate,  laiiceoiute  ; 
Milis  alutis.     E.  |  capsules  winged. 

Sji.  pi.  1.  p.  672. 

L,  ramosissima,  Walt.  p.  89. 

li.  macrocarpa,  Mich.  1  p.  89. — Pursh,  1.  p.  110. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  3 — I  feet  hish,  much  branched,  a  little  rough, 
and  pubescent,  towards  flie  summit  slightly  angled  by  the  dccurrent 
leaves.  Leaven  sessile,  lanceolate,  acute  at  each  extremity,  a  little 
hairy  and  scabrous,  and  apparently  serrulate  by  the  margijial  hair*. 
Flowtvs  on  short  peduncles.  Segments  of  tlie  ca(y.v  live  nerved,  cil- 
iate,  3  or  4  times  longer  than  the  germ  ;  before  the  time  of  llowering 
the  segments  onlv  approach  each  other  loosely  but  are  not  united. 
Petals  rounded,  caduccms,  as  long  as  the  calyx.  Capsules  somewhat 
cubic,  angleil,  winged,  the  wings  \cry  large  and  cillate,  opening  through 
a  central  pore. 

To  me  rare.    Grow  s  7  mileg  from  Beaufort  in  the  sw  amp  at  the  Half 
■wav  house  and  sent  to  mc  lately  from  Savannah  by  Dr.  Balduin. 

Flowers  July — September. 

15.  Decurrens.     Walt. 

L  ?  caulc    ereclo  j  lb-  j      Stem  -erect  ;     leaves 

liis  ovato-lanccolati'.f,  ^k-  |  ovatc-lanccolatc,    decur- 

ciirrcnlibiis ;  floribus  oc-  re.nt ;     flowers    witli    S 

tandris.     E.  sta/Ticns. 

Walt.  p.  89     Pursh,  1.  p.  Iio. 
L.  Jussifeoides,  Mich.  1.  p.  hf. 

Jassiieacrecta,  Abbot's  Insects  of  Gcorg.  t.  40.  Pur<»h,  1.  p.  S04. 
Jtont  perennial .''  fibrous,  fibres  woolly.  Stem  erect,  2  feet  liigK* 
jrrjuare.  glabrous,  widelv  winned  by  t!>e  dccurrent  leaves.  leaves 
shining,  with  '2  glands  at  base.  Flo'v<^rs  on  peduncles,  2 — 3  line<> 
long,  square,  winged  ;  2  cordate  glands  on  the  miudle  of  tln^  peduncle*?. 
So^mpntK  of  the  cnlif.v  shorter  than  the  germ,  acuminate,  5  nerve<l. 
Petals  obovate,  larger  than  the  calvx. yellow,  caducous. having  a  while. 


218 


TETRANDRIA  MONOGTNIA. 


lunate,  hairy  gland  around  the  base.  Filaments  8,  shorter  than  the 
petaHi.  Anthers  erect,  pale  yellow.  Germ  oblong,  square,  winged. 
Style  short.     Stigma  capitate.     Capsule  very  long,  square,  winged. 

Grows  in  moist  situations.     Very  common. 

Floweis  July — September. 


AMMANNIA. 


Corolla  4  petalled,  in- 
serted into  the  calyx,  or  0. 
Cahfx  1  leaved,  plaited, 
8  toothed,  interior.  Cap- 
sule 4  celled. 

Stem  erect,  somewhat 
columnar ;  leaves  semi- 
amplexicaul ;  the  lower 
flowers  verticillate. 


Corolla  4-pctala,  calyce 
inserta,  vel  nulla.  Calijx 
4-phyllus,  plicatus,  8- 
dentatus,  inferus.  Cap- 
sula  4-locularis. 

1.    liAMOSloR. 

A.  caule  erecto,  subte- 
reto ;  foiiis  semiamplexi- 
cauUbus  ;  floribus  inferi- 
oribus  verticillatis.     £. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  678. 
Mich.  1.  p.  99. 

Soot  annual  ?  Stem  2  f'oet  high,  columnar,  succulent, glabrous,  when 
procumbent  taking  root.  Leaves  opposite,  narrow  lanceolate,  at  base 
somewliat  cordate,  the  lower  nearly  sessile,  the  upper  entirely  so.  Flow- 
ers axillary,  sessile,  the  lower  ones  clustered,  the  upper  solitary  ;  2 
small  subulate  leaves  at  the  base  of  each  calyx.  Calyx  persistent, 
glabrous,  truncate,  enveloping  the  germ  even  to  maturity,  4  angled, 
acute,  expanding,  4  plaited,  incumbent.  Petals  small,  obovate,  very 
pale  purple,  inserted  into  tlie  calyx  near  the  summit.  Filaments  4, 
inserted  into  the  base  of  the  calyx,  alternating  with  the  petals,  very 
short.  Jlntliers  globose,  2  celled,  greenish,  before  flowering  attached 
to  the  stigmas.  Germ  superior,  globose,  8  furrowed.  Sty  e  very 
short,  thick.  Stigma  obtuse.  Seed  numerous,  attached  to  wings  ex* 
tending  fiom  the  central  receptacle  into  each  cell. 

Grows  in  wet  places. 

Flowers  August — September. 


gono; 


2.  HuMiLis.     Mich. 

A.  caule  erecto,  tetra- 
foliis  lanceolatis, 
basi  attennuatis ;  floribus 
solitariis.     E. 

Mich.  1.  p.99 

A.  ramosior  ?   Wa.\t  p.  88. 


Stem  erect,  square  ; 
leaves  lanceolate,  taper- 
ing at  base  ;  flowers  soli- 
tarv. 


TETUANDIUA    DIGYNIA. 


219 


Hoot  annual  ?  .S'/t-m  simple,  (»  iiirlip'?  Iiij^li,  glabrous,  tentU'r,  (»rra- 
sionallv  branched.  leaves  opposih*,  obtust*.  t'lowe  s  sessile,  axilla- 
»•>'.  Calyx  surrounding  tlic  u;eriii,  anil  adtierin*;  to  it  when  vounj;;, 
with  4  short  expanding  scj;ments,  and  4  which  ap|H'ar  interior,  niurli 
l()ni;«*r,  lanceidate,  erect;  i.  small  leaves  at  the  liase  of  tlie  calyx- 
I'fitala  4,  olxivate,  white,  cailucous,  alteriinfhijx  with  the  ses^mentx  of 
the  caly.v,  and  iiiUfTted  into  the  summit  nf  the  j^^erm.  Filaweuis  very 
short.  „iiithers  erect,  large,  yellow.  Germ  lather  inlerior.  Style 
very  lihort,  scarcely  any.  .S7j;;*»/n  capitate,  ('upside  4  celled,  nearly 
s(|uare,  apparently  crowneil  with  (he  calyx.  Seeds  numerous,  attach- 
ed to  wiuijs  uf  the  cential  receptacle  which  extend  info  eacli  cell. 

This  plant,  by  the  insertion  ol"  its  petals  and  its  adherin;;  calyx, 
which  seem  only  to  separate  from  tlie  capsule  when  buth  are  drv,  lias 
some  affinity  to  the  ^;enus  Ludwi^ia;  wliile  by  its  8  parteil  calyx, 
llie  colour  of  its  corolla  and  its  opposite  leaves,  it  approaches  Ammaiinia. 

(JKtws  in  damp  soils,  two  miles  from  Beaufort,  iieaz  the  main  mad. 

Flowers  September — Oc tuber. 


k-V-WX^XV^^ 


DIGYNLl. 


IIAMAMELIS. 


InvnJiicrum  tripliyllum. 
triMoriini.  Cuhjx  pio- 
priiis  4-phylliis.  Pdala 
4.  Am- bicornis,2-locu- 
laris. 

i.    ViRGINK  A. 

II.  foliis  ohovalis,  acute 
(Iciitatis.  siiui  parvo  cor- 
datis.     Pursh,  i.  p.  i  iG. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  roi.     Mich.  1.  p. 


I/iToJncnini  3  Icaveil, 
3  lluwercd.  Proper  ca- 
hfx  4  Icavffl.  Pddh  4. 
JSut  2  honied,  2  celled. 


Leaves  obovate,  acute- 
ly toothed,   cordate  witli 
the  sinus  small. 
100.    Walt.  p.  ass. 

A  shrub  4 — 10  feet  liiijh  ;  branches  manv,  lons^,  sli'j;htlv  hut  regu- 
larly geniculate.  Leaves  strotit^ly  veined,  slightly  scabntus,  '•  loosely 
waved  or  tootlied  upon  tlie  margins."'  (Uig.)  I'lowers  axillary,  in 
clusters.  Petas  four  tinies  as  long  as  the  calyx,  very  linear,  pale  yel- 
low. JV'ut  partly  clothe«l  with  the  calyx,  cndiui!:  in  two  recurved  pro- 
tuberances :  cells  of  a  bony  consistence,  j)olished  within,  ilischarging 
the  seed  when  niature,  \\  ith  a  spring  to  some  distance.  Seed  elliptical 
or  oval,  about  the  si/.e  of  a  ^rain  of  barley  ^  tegument  bony,  of  a  shining 
black  colour,  one  er^d  (liilum  .-)  white. 


sso 


TETRANDRIA   DIGYNIA. 


This  shrub  seklom  flowers  with  us  until  its  leaves  have  all  fallcR* 
It  a])pears,  from  Dr. Bigelow's description,  to  attain  to  a  much  more  con* 
siderable  size  in  New-England  than  the  Southern  States.  Walter's 
three  species  appear  to  be  only  varieties. 

Negroes  grind  off  the  ends  of  the  seed,  and  string  them  for  personal 
Cjrnaments. 

Grows  in  light,  rich  soils,  on  the  margins  of  rivulets. 

Flowers  October — November,  and  sometimes  during  the  mild 
weather  in  winter.  ,  Witch  Hazle. 


2.  M^CRopHYLiiA.     Pursh. 


H.  foliis  suhorbiculatis, 
eordaiis,  grosse  obtuse- 
denlatis,  siibtus  sca!)ro- 
punctatis.  Pursh,  l.  p. 
116. 


Leaves  nearly  orbicu- 
lar, cordate,  largely  and 
ol)tusely  toothed,  beneath 
rough,  with  scabrous 
dots. 


Found  by  Mr.  Ljon  in  the  western  districts  of  Georgia ;  a  species- 
perhaps  doubtful. 


CUSCUTA. 


Calyx  4-fidus.  Corol- 
la i-petala.  Capsida  2- 
locuiaris,  circumscissa. 

1.    AMEhlCAMA 

C.  floribus  peduncula- 
tis,  unibellaUs,  quinque- 
iidis.     Sp.  pi.  l.p.  703. 

Walt.  p.  109.     Mich.  1.  p.  175 


Caljfx  4  cleft.  Co7vU 
la  1  petalled.  Capsule 
%  celled,  circumscissed. 

Flowers  peduncled,um- 
belled,  5  cleft. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  116. 

This  singular  plant,  which  twines  around  srpall  shrubs,  and  resem- 
bles loose  webs  of  pale  orange -coloured  thread,  springs  first  from  the 
ground,  but  immediately  attaching  itself  to  otlier  plants  becomes 
parasitic,  adheres  closely  to  their  bark,  and  loses  its  connection  with 
the  earth.  Stem  filiform.  Leaves  0.  Flowers  in  alternate  and  re- 
mote clusters.     Small  petals,  nearly  white.     Seeds  2. 

The  flowers  arc  perhaps  rather  in  small  racemes  clustered  together 
than  in  umbelsi,  and  are  in  our  species  pentandrous. 

This  plant  is  found  attached  indiscriminately  to  shrubs  and  herba- 
eeous  plants,  but  seems  to  prefer  the  Betula  serrulata,  Sambucus  Cana- 
densis, Rubus  trivialis,  and  Erigeron  Canadcnse.  It  may  be  readily 
transplanted  by  detaching  a  few  inches  of  the  stem  and  placing  it  on 
any  living  plant  in  damp  weather. 

Grows  in  damp  soils. 

Flowers  through  the  summer.  Love  Vine. 


TETRANDRIA  TETRAGYNIA. 


09  I 


TETRIGVXLl 


SACilNA. 


Caltjx  4-p]iylliis.  Co- 
roJla  4-j)ctala.  Caps/if  a 
4-loculan.s,  polyspcriua. 

1.  PROCUMnEXS. 

S  caulihus  procinr.bcn- 
lihus,  G;lal)ri-< ;  pctalis  bic- 
vissiniis.  Pursli,  i.p.  1 19. 

•  stem  3 — 4  inches  long,  procumbent,  branching.  J^Cflfes  linear,  op- 
posite, clustered  at  the  extremity  of  the  brandies.  Peduncles  solitary, 
axillary,  loin;er  than  the  leaves,  one  flowered. 

Flowers,  according  to  Linnfeiis,  are  sometimes  apetalous. 

Grows  in  barren  sandy  fields,  in  \  irjjinia  and  Carolina.     Pursii. 

Flowerg  May — August. 


(\ihf.v  4  leaved.  Co- 
rolla 4  pet  a  lied.  Cap- 
sulc  4  celled,  many  seed- 
ed. 

« 

Stem  procunihent.  ?:^a- 
brous ;  petals  veiy  slioit. 


POTAMOGETON. 


Cat II X  0.      Petals 
Style  0.  Seeds  4. 


4. 


Leaves  floating;,  on 
long  petioles,  lanceolate- 
ovate,  tapering  at  each 
end. 


Calijx   e.      Petala  4. 
Stylus  0.     Semina  4. 

1.  Fluitaxs. 
P.  foliis  natantibus 
longe  petiolatis,  lanceo- 
lalo-ovatis,  utri?ifjiie  at- 
tenualis.  Sp.  pi.  i.  p. 
713. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  120. 

Growing  rrenerally  in  deep  water,  (2 — 6  feet),  ^tem  branching, 
glabrous  ;  the  submersed  leaves  narrow.  lanceolate,  sessile,  Ioiil',  {C^ — 5 
inches)  ;  the  floatinj;  leaves  on  footstalks.  I — ^2  inches  l<»n-r,  oval,  lan- 
ceolate, many  nerved,  (17 — 19  .^)  nerves  altenint.dy  more  distinct; 
a  stipule  sheathinc;  the  stem  of  the  base  of  eaci  leaf.  FlfjUfrf  in  ax- 
illary spikes.  Common  peduncle  Ion;;.  The  flowers  rise  to  the  sur- 
face of  the  water  during  tlie  period  of  iniloresc  once. 

Grows  in  stagnant  waters.  Silk  Hope,  eight  miles  from  Savannah. 
Not  so  common  as  the  succeeding  species. 

Flowers  May — June. 


sss 


TETRANDRIA  TETRAGYNlA. 


3.  Heteroph\llum?  . 

P.  foliis  siiperioribus 
oppositis,  lanceolatis,  pe- 
tiolatis,  quinquenervibas ; 
inferioribus  alternis,  li- 
nearibus,  sessilibus.    E. 

Sp.pl.  l.p.  715.     Pursh,  1.  p. 
P.  hybridum,  Mich.  l.p.  101. 


Upper  leaves  o])posite, 
lanceolate,  petiolate,  5 
nerved  ;  the  lower  alter- 
nate,  linear,  sessile. 


120. 


Root  perennial.  Stem  1 — 3  or  4  feet  long,  branching,  glabrous ; 
tipper  leaves  acute  at  each  end,  very  entire,  I  inch  long,  3 — 4  lines 
wide ;  the  lower  ones,  which  are  submersed,  1 — 2i  inches  long;. 
Flowers  in  spikes,  crowded,  opposite  the  leaves,  and  axillary.  Corol- 
la 4  petalled  ;  petals  nearly  round,  concave,  obscurely  green,  decidu- 
ous. Filaments  shorter  than  the  corolla.  Jinthers  2  lobed,  nearly 
round.  Germs  4.  Styles  very  short.  Stigma  obtuse,  capitate.  Seeds 
4,  reniform,  nearly  round,  roughened. 

This  plant  seems  strongly  to  resemble  the  P.  setaceum  of  Pursh. 

Grows  in  stagnant  water. 

Flowers  April. 


3.  Pauciflorum.     Pursh. 


P.  foliis  linearibus,  ses- 
silibus, ;  inferioribus  al- 
ternis, siiperioribus  verti- 
cillatis ;  spicis  peduncula- 
tis,  paucifloris.     E. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  121. 

P.  gramineum,  Mich.  1.  p.  102. 


Leaves  linear,  sessile, 
the  lower  alternate,  the 
upper  verticillate  ;  spikes 
on  peduncles  ;  flowers 
few. 


Stem  branching,  much  diffused.  Leaves  linear,  1 — 2  inches  long  ; 
the  lower  alternate,  the  upper  generally  by  fours.  Spikes  on  pedun- 
cles nearly  an  inch  long,  one  from  each  whorl  of  leaves.  Flowers 
few,  4— lb. 

Grows  in  shallow  water. 

Flowers  through  the  summer. 


CLASS  V 

• 

PENTANDRI.V 

.MOXOOKYTA. 

150. 

GALAX. 

151. 

RIBES. 

107. 

IIKLIOTIIOPIUM. 

152. 

VIOLA. 

108. 

MYOSoriS. 

153. 

IMPATIENS. 

109. 

LI  rilosl'KRMUM. 

154. 

CISSUS. 

110. 

()N(>SM()I)IUM. 

155. 

CLAYTONIA. 

111. 

BATSCHIA. 

156. 

AiNYCinA 

112. 

CYNOCtLO^iSUM. 

157. 

ACIIYRANTIIES. 

113. 

PULMONARIA. 

158. 

THESIUM. 

114. 

DIAPKNSIA. 

159. 

(iELSEMINUM. 

115. 

VILLARSIA. 

160. 

ECHITES. 

IIG. 

iiorroNiA. 

161. 

AMSONIA. 

117. 

HYDUOPHYLLUM. 

118. 

LVvSIMACKIA. 

119. 

ANAGALLIS. 

niGlJ^M. 

120. 

PHACKLIA. 

121. 

J^PIGKLIA. 

162. 

APOCYNUM. 

122. 

OPIIIDRRHIZA. 

163. 

CEROPEGIA. 

123. 

A/ALKA 

164. 

ACERAFES. 

124. 

PHLOX. 

1G5. 

A8CLEPL\8. 

125. 

CONVOLVULUS. 

166. 

PODOSTIGMA. 

126. 

IPOMCEA. 

167. 

GONOLOBi:S. 

127. 

CANTUA. 

168. 

CHENOPODIUM. 

128. 

POLKMONII'M. 

169. 

SALSOLA. 

129. 

CAMPANTLA. 

170. 

ULMUS. 

130. 

5AM()LUS. 

171. 

PLANERA. 

131. 

LOBELLV. 

172. 

CELTIS. 

132. 

PINCKNEVA. 

173. 

H  YD  ROLE  A. 

133. 

TRIOSTEUM. 

174. 

I1EU(  HERA. 

134. 

CAPRIFOLHM. 

175. 

niCHONDRA. 

135. 

SYMPHOREA. 

176 

(iE\TL\NA. 

13G. 

DIERVILLA. 

177. 

ERYNGIUM. 

137. 

VERBASCU-Nf. 

178. 

HYDROCOTYUX 

138. 

DATURA. 

179. 

SANICULA. 

139. 

A  PROP  A. 

180. 

DAUCUS. 

140. 

PMYSALIS. 

181. 

AM  ML 

141. 

SOLANIM. 

182. 

SELINU>L 

142. 

*<  ABB  API  A. 

183. 

FERULA. 

143. 

BlMELfA. 

184. 

LIGUSTICI'M. 

144. 

R  HAM  MS. 

185. 

ANCiELICA. 

145. 

ZIZYPinS. 

186. 

SIUM. 

IACk 

CEANOTHUS. 

187. 

SISON. 

147. 

EUONYMUS. 

188. 

CIC'UTA. 

148. 

ITEA. 

189. 

I  H.KROPHYLLU>r. 

!49. 

CYRILLA. 

190. 

bMYKMUM. 

324? 


PENTANDHIA  MONOGYNIA. 


TRIGVJS'M. 

FEJrrJiGYJ^M, 

391. 

RHUS. 

199. 

ARALIA. 

192. 

VIBURNUM. 

200. 

STATICE. 

193. 

SAMBUCUS. 

201. 

LINUM. 

194. 

STAl'HYLEA. 

202. 

DROSERA. 

195. 

TURNERA. 

19!'.. 

UEPUROPETALON. 

POLIGFJVM. 

197. 

SAROrHRA. 

203. 

ZANTHORHIZAt 

TETRJGr.YU. 

198.  PARNASSIA, 


WVA/W  VWVWVW  \A»^' 


HELIOTROPIUM.     Gen.  pl.  239. 


Corolla  bypocraten- 
form,  5  cleft,  with  teeth 
interposed,  and  the  throat 
naked. 

Leaves  cord  ate- ovate, 
acute,  scabrous  ;  spikes 
solitaiy  ;  fruit  2  cleft. 


Corolla  hypocrateri- 
formis,  .5-tida,  intcrjectis 
dentibiis,  fauce  nuda. 

1.  Indicum. 

H.  foliis  cordato-ova- 
its,  acutis,  scabiiuscuh's  ; 
spicis  solitai  iis  ;  fructibus 
bilidis.    Sp.  pl.  i.  p.  710. 

Walt.  p.  91. 

Midi.  J.  p.  228.     Pursh,  1.  p.  130. 

Root  annual  ?  Stem  8 — 12  inches  high,  furrowed,  hispid.  Leaves 
alternate  ovate,  seldom  cordate,  the  margin  irregular,  strongly 
veined.  Flowers  in  axillary  spikes,  at  first  recurved,  after  flowering 
straight.  Caly.v  5  parted,  persistent,  hirsute.  Corolla  longer  than 
the  calyx.  Seeds  4,  angular,  adhering  by  pairs  which  separate  widely, 
slightly  emarginate. 

Grows,  where  Miclianx  ohserved  it,  at  the  Eutaw  (Youta)  Springs, 
and  fo'ind  by  Mr.  Oeniler  in  the  Dutch  Fork,  above  Columbia.  It  is 
found  generally  along  the  borders  of  rivulets  in  the  middle  and  upper 
country. 

Flowers  June — August. 


S.    CURASSAVICUM. 

H,  foliis  angusto-lance- 
olatis,  gla!)ris,  cariiosis, 
aveniis  ;  spicis  conjuga- 
tis.     Sp.  pl.  1.  p.  745. 


Leaves  narrow  lanceo- 
late, succulent,  glabrous, 
without  veins  ^  spikes 
conjugate. 


PEM'ANDin  A    MOXOGVNIA. 


22.5 


Annual?  Stem  G — 1!  iiiclios  Ions;,  erect  when  simple,  dcciiiubcnt 
%vhcn  nuicli  ilividoti,  teri'te,  »uirultr»t,  uikI  witli  tlic  wliolv  plant  i;lau- 
c»tus.  i>«rfs  alternate,  wilti  small  ones  ;;eneral!y  in  the  axil,  simie- 
vliat  cro\v«led,  I  —  li  iiicli  loiii;,  ;'> — 4  lines  witle,  ratlier  obtuse,  taper- 
ins  at  base,  sessile.  Flanrrs  in  ternnnal,  cnnjusjato  revolute  spikes. 
Calt/.v  >  parted,  succulent,  persistent.  CovoUa  Mnall,  bypocraterilurnj, 
%\liite.  the  tube  ting;e<l  with  yelluw,  lionler  j  parted  ;  se};tnents  obtuse, 
tube  as  Ions;  as  the  calyx,  3  fui  roweil  :  throat  akod,  ,4uthfrs  sessile 
in  the  base  of  the  tube,  sa-^itfafe,  acuunnate.  f^Vrms  4,  sii|H»rior.  Style 
l»,  or  very  stunt  Slin;,^,  thick,  somewhat  conical,  umlivided,  witii  a 
inar<;in  round  its  base.  Set'ils  4,  coated  on  the  out  side  with  a  thick 
flfshv  pulp.  2  furrowed,  ani^led  on  the  inside. 

(irow  s  ia  soils  afil'cted  by  salt  waior,  on  the  shores  of  Charleston  har* 
f)our. 

Flowers  Mav — Julv. 


MYOSOTIS. 

Corolla  hypocratri'ifor- 
niis,  5-tUla,  rniarji;i»iata  ; 
faucc  clansa  foi-nicibus. 


Gex.  PL.  2  10. 

CovoHa  Iiypocrateri- 
form,  5  cict't,  einari>;inatp  ; 
Ihe  tinoat  closed  with 
archrs  tbnned  by  the  iU- 
ainents. 


Hairy  :  seeds  jvtrorse- 
ly  aculeate  ;  leaves  ovate 
lanceolate,  acuminate  ; 
racemes  divaricate. 


1.    VlRCIXIAXA. 

Af.  |)ilosum :  seminil)us 
aculeato-o;lochi(lil)us  ;  i'o- 
Itis  ovato-lanceolatis,  acu- 
iMinati>  :  racemis  divari- 
catis      Pui-sli,  1.  p.  134. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  748.     Mich.  I.  p.  129. 

riant  I — 2  feet  hi.;h,  brandling;.  L«atvs  scabrous,  oval,  ovate  and 
lanceolate,  generally  acute.  Huwers  white  or  pale  blue.  Fruit  nod- 
din<;,  the  seeds  covered  except  on  the  interior  angle,  with  barbed 
prickles. 

(irows  in  dry  soils,  in  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina. 

Flowers  June — July. 


LITIIOSPERMUM. 

Corolla  infundihuliror- 
mis,  fauce  perforata,  nu- 
da.      Calif. I'  ij-partilus. 

1.    AllVENSK. 

L.  seminibus  ni2;osis  ; 
corolUs  vix  calyccm  su- 

d3 


Gen.  vl.  241. 

Corolla  funnel  sliaped, 
the  throat  pcrlbrate, 
naked.     Calfjx  5  parted. 

Seed  rou2;h ;  corolla 
scarcely  longer  than  the 


2J^6 


PENTANDRIA  MONOGYHlA. 


calyx ;     leaves 
without  veins. 


obtuse. 


perantibus  ;  foliis  obtusis, 
aveniis.  Smith,  Fl.  Brit. 
1.  p  21B. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  751.     Pursh,  1.  p.  131. 

Plant  annual,  hispid.    Stem  12 — 18  inches  high,  branching.    Leaves 
«blong,  frequently   ovate.     Flowers  solitary,  axillary,  nearly  sessile, 
forming  tercainal,  leafy  racemes.     Segments  of  the  calyx  long,  linear 
or  subulate.     Corolla  greyish  -white. 
'  Grows  on  Charleston  Neck,  in  dry  soils.   Not  common.    Imported. 

Flowers  May — July. 


ONOSMODIUM.     Mich. 


Corolla  fauce  nuda, 
subcainpanulata,  limbo 
ventricoso ;  laciniis  con- 
niventibus,  acutis.  An- 
therce  sessilcs,  inclusse. 
Calyx  5-partitus. 

4.    HiSPIDUM. 

O.  foliis  ovali-lancco- 
latis,  nervosis  f  corollis 
acuminatis. 


Corolla  with  the  throat 
naked,  somewhat  cam- 
panulate,  the  border  ven- 
tricose  ;  segments  con- 
nivent,  acute.  Anthers 
sessile,  included.  Calyx 
5  parted. 

Leaves  oval  lanceolate, 
nervose  ;  segments  of 
the  corolla  acuminate. 


Mich.  l.p.  133.     Pursh,  l.p.  132. 

Lithospermum  Virginianum,  Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  752.     Walt.  p.  91. 

-Koo^  fusiform  .^perennial.  (Siem  herbaceous,  1 — 2  feet  high,  branched, 
obtusely  angled,  with  the  leaves  and  calyx  hispid.  Leaves  alternate, 
sessile,  oblong  lanceolate  and  obovate,very  entire,  rough,  the  hairs  pro- 
ceedingfrom  elevated  points.  Flowers  in  simple, leafy ,  secund  racemes, 
which  at  first  are  recurved, afterwards  straight.  Peduncles  1 — 2  lines 
long,  hispid.  Calyx  persistent ;  segments  arute,  ciliate.  Corolla 
longer  than  the  calyx,  deciduous,  pubescent,  yellowish  ;  segments  very 
acute,  connivent.  Filaments  very  short.  Aethers  sagittate,  nearly 
sessile  on  the  tube  of  the  corolla.  Germs  4,  superior.  Style  filiform, 
nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  corolla.  Stigma  simple,  obtuse.  Seeds 
4,  of  which  1  or  2  frequently  prove  abortive,  angled  on  the  inner  side^ 
glabrous,  shining  ;  tegument  bony. 

Grows  in  dr}',  sandy  soils.     Common. 

Flowers  May — .Tune. 


PBNTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


g«7 


BATSCHIA.     Gmelin. 


Corolla  hypocrateri- 
formis,  fiiucc  nuda  ?  tul)o 
ad  basin  barbato.  Calijx 
S-partitus. 

1.  Gmelini.     Mich. 

B.  caulcfoliisque  hirtis, 
asperriinis ;  calycis  laci- 
iiiis  lungis,  sublanccolatis. 


Corolla  hypocrateri- 
forrn,  witli  the  throat 
naked,  and  tube  bearded 
at  the  base.  Calyx  9 
parted. 


Stem  and  leaves  his- 
pid, very  rough  ;  seg- 
ments of  the  calyx  long, 
nearly  lanceolate. 


Mich.  1.  p.  ISO.     Pur8h,  1.  p.  132. 
Anon.  Caroliniensis,  Walt.  p.  91. 
Anchusa  hirta,  Muhl  Cat. 

/foo?  perennial.  Stem  10 — 16  inches  high,  columnar,  generally  sim- 
ple, several  from  the  root,  /.rnivs  alternate,  oblong,  somewhat  oval, 
those  near  the  flowers  ovate-lanceolate,  entire.  Flowers  axilla- 
rvy  nearly  sessile,  near  the  summit  so  much  crowded  as  to  resemble  a 
terminal  corymb.  Segments  of  the  cahj.r  linear-lanceolate,  nearly  as 
lonu;  as  the  tube, persistent.  Corolla  bright  orani:;e  ;  segments  rounded, 
in  the  throat  there  appears  to  be  (1  describe  from  specimens)  5  rough- 
ened tubercles,  not  valves,  which  distinguish  this  genus  from  \nchu- 
sa.     Filaments  very  short,  inserted  in  the  tube  of  the  corolla. 

This  is  a  very  ornamental  plaftt,  and  merits  a  place  in  every  flower- 
garden. 

Grows  in  dry  soils.  Common  in  the  middle  country  of  Carolina  j 
in  rarely  if  ever  found  within  30  miles  of  the  ocean. 

Flowers  in  April. 


2.  Canescens.     Midi. 

B.  caiile  foliisque  su- 
perioribijs  villosis,  aspo- 
rinsculis  ;  calycis  laciniis 
brevibus,  linearibus. 


Stem  and  upper  leaves 
villous,  sliglitly  roughen- 
ed ;  segments  of  the  ca- 
lyx slioit,  linear. 


Mich.  1.  p.  130.     Pursh,  1.  p.  132. 

Very  similar  in  habit  to  the  preceding.  The  leaves  are  generally 
much  longer,  narrow,  oval. and  althou;;h  the  upper  ones  are  sImrtoDcd 
they  are  generally  lonjjer  than  the  flowers  :  the  whole  plant  soft  and 
villous,  and  even  to  the  longue  but  hiiglifly  scabrous  :  segments  of 
the  calyx  scarcely  half  as  long  as  the  tube,  linear  or  '•ctaceous. 


^^8 


PENTANDRIA    MONOGYNTAr 


I  have  a  specimen  from  the  upper  country,  sent  I  believe  by  Mit 
Herbeniont,  in  which  the  leaves  are  less  villous  and  the  calyx  smaller 
than  in  the  specimens  sent  by  Dr.  Muhl  nberg  from  Pennsylvania* 

Grow  9  in  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina. 

Flowers  \ 


CYNOGLOSSUM.     Gen.  pl.  243. 


Corolla  infundibulifor 
iTiis,  fauce  cltiusa  fonii'i- 
bus.      Sennna    depj-essa, 
interiore    taiitum   latere 
stylo  affixa. 

1.     Vlu(;lNI<UM. 

C  liirsutissimuiii  ;  fo- 
liis  ovali-ol)longis,  siipe- 
rioribus  amplexicaitlibus  ; 
coiy  inbo  terminal!,  aphyl- 
lo,  longe  pedunciilato. 


Corolla  fiiiinel-shapetT, 
the  throat  dosed  with 
arches.  Seed  depressed, 
affixed  to  the  style  by 
the  interior  side. 


Very  hairy  ;  leaves 
oval  oblong,  the  upper 
amplexicaul  ;  corymb 
terminal,  leafless,  on  a 
long  peduncle. 


Sp.pl.  l.p.  162. 

C.  amplexicaule,  Mich.  1.  p.  IS'S.     Pursh,  l.p.  133. 

Perennial.  Stem  \ — 2  feet  high,  \  ery  hispid.  Leo i'?5  less  hairy,, 
large,  somewhat  scabrous.  Flowera  in  a  small  terminal  corymb.  Lo- 
roZ/ft  blue,  the  tliroat  closed  by  the  arching  of  tlie  filaments 

Grows  near  Columbia,  South-Carolina.  Mr.  Herbemont.  In  shadv 
moist  woods.     Pursh. 

Flowers  May — June.  Hounds-tongue. 


PULMONARIA.     Gen.  pl.  244. 


Corolla  infundibuRfor- 
mis,  fauce  pervia.  Calyx 
prismatico-5-gonus. 

1.    VlUGlNlCA. 

P.  glabra,  erecta  ;  fo- 
liis  lanceolato-ovatis,  ob- 
tusiusculis  ;  floribus  fas- 
ciculatis,     terminalibus  : 


Corolla  funnel-shaped, 
throat  pervious.  Calyx 
prismatic,  5  angled. 

Glabrous,  erect;  leaves 
lanceolate-ovate,  some- 
what obtuse  ;  flow^ers  fas- 
ciculate, terminal :  corol- 


.fENTANDRIA    MONOGYTfU. 


S29 


Corollis  calyro  multo  loii- 
rursli,    1.    p. 


gi  )ril)us. 


la  nnicli  longer  tlian  the 


ciuvx. 


130. 

Sp.pl.  1.  p.  709.     Walt.  p.  9!.     Mich.  1.  p.  131. 

Ilnot  \icvc\\mji\.  Sltfin  glabrous,  bianchin<T,  A  nivs  alternate  lan- 
ceolate, oval,  acul  tlic  upper  fre(|uently  ovate,  ail  soiiiowliut  ot>- 
fiisp,  tlic  upper  very  much  so,  j;laucous,  irUbrons,  Flowers  in 
tontiinal  raceme**.  C'nhfx  small,  porsisteiit,  5  parteil.  Tube  of  the 
cum  (a  many  titnes  Ioniser  than  tiie  calyx  ;  bunb-r  caiupaiiulate,  ob- 
scurely o  lobcil.  violet  coloureil.  Sfaiitina  ^IioiIim-  tii.in  tlie  corolla, 
filaments  inserttMl  into  the  tube,  derm  superior.  Stylf  slender, 
longer  than  the  slamens.  soineuhat  persistent.     Stii:;uin  capitate. 

Grows  alons;  the  sandy  borders  of  the  mouatain  streams.     Mich* 

Flowers  April  ? 


DIAPENSIA.     GcN.  pl. 


Slignia 


Capsule  3  celled,  3 
vahefl,  many  seeded. 
Corolla  hypocrateriform, 
with  a  slwjrt  tul)c.  Cfiliix 
.1  parted,  hracteate  at 
base.  ^7///^  short,  ^tig- 
jjia  3  loI)ed. 


Cnpsula  3-locularis, 
S-vah is. polyspenna.  ( V;- 
r(>lla  hypocrateiitbrmis, 
tubo  brevi.  Califx  ii-par- 
titus,  basi  bracteatus. 
Si  III  us  brevis. 
3-loI)uin. 

1    Barbulata. 

D.  foliis  lanceolato-cu- 
iieatis,  iiilcjiic  pubcscen- 
tibiis ;  antheris  horizon- 
tafJI)us,  basi  rostratis. 

D.  cunelfolia,  Pursli,  1.  p.  148. 
}'y\i(lanthera  bitrbulata,  >!icli.  1.  p.  lj'2. 

Plant  small^  creepinjj;,  shrubby  ;  the  branches  assunjent.  short,  1 
flowered,  leaves  very  acute,  very  hairy  near  the  base;  the  upper 
frowiled  near  tho  ba->c  of  the  ilower.  L'nhj.v  fringed.  Flincen 
small,  white.     Mich. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolijia. 

Flo^^c^sJune — Aui^ust. 


Leaves  lanceolate 
wedcce  shaped,  and  pu- 
bescent at  base  ;  anthers 
horizontal,  beaked  at  base. 


^30 


PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


VILLARSIA.     Gmelin.  Syst.  Vec.  4*7. 


Capsiila  l-locularis,  2- 
valvis.  Corolla  rotata ; 
laciniis  basi  barbatis,  mar- 
gine  inflexis.  Stigma  2- 
lobuin. 
minibus  alternre. 


Glandulce  5,sta- 


1.    CoRDATA.       E. 

V.  foliis  cortlatis,  intc- 
o-errimis  ;  petiolis  flori- 
feris.     E. 


Capsule  1  celled,  2  vaU 
ved.  Corolla  rotate  ;  seg- 
ments bearded  at  base, 
with  the  margins  inflex- 
ed.  Stigma  2  lobed. 
Five  glands  alternating 
with  the  stamens. 

Leaves  cordate,  very 
entire  ;  petioles  bearing 
the  flowers. 


Grows  in  shallow  streams.  Petioles  2 — 6  inches  long,  slender,  gla- 
brous. Leaves  about  an  inch  long,  exactly  cordate,  variegated. 
Flou-ers  in  lateral  clusters,  bursting  trom  the  petioles  near  tl»e  leaf. 
Peduncles  an  inch  long.  Ca/^/aMlotted,  persistent?  segments  lanceo- 
late, acute,  entire.  Corolla  campanulate,  membranous  ;  border  5 
cleft;  segments  round.  Filaments  inserted  into  the  tube  of  the  co- 
rolla, as  long  as  tlie  tube.  Jint/iers  erect,  4  celled,  J\i''ectaries  5, 
hairy,  inserted  into  the  tube  of  the  corolla,  alternating  with  the  fila- 
ments. 

Found  in  Savannah  Hunt,  a  small  stream  a  little  below  Granby, 
South-Carolina.     Found  near  Augusta,  by  Dr.  Wray. 

Flowers  July — September. 


2.  Trachysperma. 

V.  foliis  peltato-reni- 
formibus,  subcrenatis,  co- 
riaceis ;  petiolis  fiorileris. 
E. 


Leaves  reniform,  some- 
what peltate,  slightly  cre- 
nate,  coriaceous ;  petioles 
bearing  the  flowers. 


Menyanthes  trachysperma,  Mich.  1.  p.  126. 
Anon,  aquatic.  Walt.  p.  109. 

Root  perennial.  Steiu  properly  0.  Leaves  peltate,  frequently  or- 
bicular, 3-^4  inches  in  diameter,  glabrous  above,  underneath  purple, 
covered  with  vesicular  points.  Petioles  very  long,  dotted,  sometimes 
roughened.  Floivers  clustered,  bursting  from  the  petiole  near  the 
leaf.  Peduncle  about  2  inches  long.  Calyx  deeply  5  parted,  persis- 
tent, spotted  ;  segments  oblong,  connivent  after  flowering.  Corolla 
1  petalled,  white,  marcescent,  5  cleft,  tube  siiorter  tlian  tlie  calyx, 
yellow, border  twice  as  long;  segments  oblong,  plaited  in  the  middle, 


PENTANDRIA   MONOGYNfA. 


S3i 


membranous  alon<;  tlie  mar;;ins.  Filaments  very  short,  insertoti  int» 
the  tnl)e  of  t\\v  corolla,  ^intlievs  sajiittatc,  erect,  yellow,  .^>cfa- 
riVs  5,  hnirv.  attached  to  the  tube  of  the  corolla  by  short  peilicels  at- 
temiatin;;  with  the  lilamenf**;  hairs  jointed,  yellow.  f»frm  superior, 
conic.  iS'////?  very  sliort.  <S7i^»irt  concave,  (somewhat '2  lobed,  Nlich.) 
•with  the  margins  limbriato.  Cttpsiife  furrowed,  I  celled,  2  valved, 
sometimes  .">  ?    Seeds  orbicular,  toinpreBscd,  roughened. 

(irows  in  ponds  and  streams,  sometimes  found  in  water  G— 8  feet 
deep. 

Flowers  June. 


IIOTTONIA.     Gen.  il.  265. 


Capsiifc  1  celled.  Co* 
rolla  liypocraterifoi'in. 
Staif/ens  inserted  on  the 
tiiheofthe  coioUa.  *S/?§"- 
7Ha  globose. 

The  internodcs  of  the 
scape  icilttcd  ;  flowers 
footstalked ;  corolla  shor- 
ter tiian  the  calyx ;  leaves 
crowded,  i)ectinate,  sub- 
mersed, with  the  seg- 
ments linear. 

II.  palustris  ?  Pursh,  1.  p.  138. 

Stem  thick,  spunjjy,  s;enera!ly  submersed.  Leaves  lonir,  irrcn;ular- 
ly  crowded,  b'.'autifully  pectinate.  From  the  summit  of  the  stem  arise 
several  (ti^K))  naked  flower-stalks  or  scapes.  Scajjes  jointed  to- 
wards the  summit,  the  spate  between  the  joints,  but  particularly  the 
space  below  the  flowers,  inflated.  F  nwers  verticillate,  jijenerally  4 
in  each  whorl.  Peduncle  nearly  half  an  inch  long.  Calyx  5  parted. 
Corolla  white,  apparently  shorter  tiian  the  calyx.     Capsule  globose. 

From  specimens  sent  me  from  Milledgeville,  Georgia,  by  Dr.  Boy- 
kin.     Seen  in  the  western  districts  of  Georgia,  by  Dr.  Baldwin. 

Flowers 


Capsula  1-locidaiis. 
Corolla  hypocraterifor- 
mis.  Sta?nina  tiibo  co- 
rolla? iniposita.  StigJiia 
globosum. 

i,  Inflvta.     E. 

H.  scapis  internodiis 
inflatis  ;  floribus  [leduri- 
cuLtis ;  coroUis  calyce 
brevioribus  ;  foliis  con- 
fertis,  pectinatis.  subnier- 
sis.laciniis  linearibus.    K. 


HYDUOPIIYLLUM.     Gen.  pl.  267. 


Copsrila  l-locularis,  2- 
valvis.  Corolla  cani[)an- 
ulata,  interne  striis  5,  inel- 


Capsule  1  celled,  2 
valv  ed.  Corolla  campan- 
ulatc,  with  5  longitudiual 


'i^se 


PENTANDRTA    MONOG^NIA, 


liferis,     longitiidinalibiis. 
8tigma  2-fiduni. 

i.    VlUGINICUM. 

H.  g;]al)riusculu!ii  ;  fo- 
Jiis  piiinatififlis  |)innatis- 
que ;  lacii)ii«  ovali-lance- 
olatis.iiHJso-serratis  ;  fas- 
ciculis  (loiiim  coiigloiiier- 
atis    Piirsli,  1.  p.  lyi. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  814.     Mich.  1.  p.  134. 

Perennial.  Pliuit  2  feetlii^li,  nearly  glabrous.  Lfn^^^s  lanceolate, 
ine>;ularly  toothed  and  notched.  Clusters  ot  jlowcrs  lateral  and  ax- 
illary, very  compact.     Seg^inents  of  the  cn///a*  linear.     C'oro/fa  Wu?, 

Grows  in  shaded  rocky  situations,     Purslx. 

Flowers  May — ^June, 


honey    bearing;     streakg 
within.     iStigma  S  cleft, 

Glabrou.s  ;  leaves  pin- 
natilid  and  pinnate  ;  seg- 
ments oval-lanceolate, 
with  deep  serratiires  ; 
clusters  ot  ilowers  crowd- 
ed. 


LYSIMACHIA.     Gen.  pl.  S  69. 


Corolla  I'otate.  Cap. 
side  gh)bose,  mucronate, 
10  Vtdved. 

Flowers  in  terminal  ra- 
cemes, the  lower  vertieil- 
late,  the  upper  scattered  ; 
leaves  by  fours,  ovate- 
lanceolate,  sessile,  three 
nerved. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  erect,  2  feet  high,  columnar,  glabrous. 
heaves  generally  by  fours,  ovate-lanceolate,  sessile,  5 — 5  nerved,  tlie 
2  exterior  generally  obscure,  entire,  glabrous,  dotted.  Flor  ers  in 
terminal  racemes,  the  lower  flovverh  verticillate,  the  upjier  alternate. 
Fedunctes  4 — 6  lines  long.  Calt/a-  5  parted  ;  segments  linear-laceo- 
iate.  I'oroUa  1  petalleil,  tube  very  short,  segments  5,  oblong-lanceo- 
late, dottfd,  much  longer  than  the  calyx.  Filampnfs  5,  shorter  than 
the  corolla,  ailatiiig  and  cohering  at  base.  Style  as  long  as  the  sta-^ 
mens. 

An  ornamental  plant  which  merits  culture. 

Grows  Rear  Columbia,  South-Carolina.     Mr.  Herbemont. 

Flowei-s 


Corolla  rotata.  Capsu- 
ta  globosa.  mucronata, 
10-valvis. 

1.    HERBEMONrr.       E. 

L.  florihus  racemosis, 
terminalibus,  inferioiibus 
verticillatis,  superioril)us 
sparsis  ;  foliis  quateinis, 
ovato-lanceolatis,  sessili- 
bus,  trinervibus     E.. 


PENTANDRIA  MONOGtNlA. 


S38 


Leaves  by  fours,  ovate 
acute,  nearly  sessile  ; 
peduncles  axillary,  1 
tloweied,  sfiortcr  than 
the  leaves. 


p.  13 J. 


2.  QfT\nRiFOij\. 
L.  loliis  (juaternis, 
ovato-acutis,  subsessili- 
bus ;  peduneulis  axillaii- 
bus,  unilloiis,  follis  Ijic- 
vioribus.     E. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  818.     Pursh,  1 
I,,  punctata,  Walt.  p.  92. 
L.  hirsuta,  Mich.  l.p.  1-27. 

Stem  erect,  culiininar,  hairy.  Leaves  hairy  alonjc  the  maririn  and 
miilril),  thickly  spriiikled  wil'i  !;laiiilular  dots,  t'l'ticera  uxillarN.  /V//- 
uncles  scarcely  more  tiiaii  li:iir  as  Ion;;  as  the  leaves.'  Segment* '>f  tne 
cttJyx'  small,  lanceolate,  dottoil,  pubescent.  Vorul  a  !ur„ei-  than  t'le 
calyx.  Stamens  shorter  than  t!ie  corolla.  Filameuts  coherin>  at 
base. 

Varies  with  the  leaves  proportionally  longer,  more  acuminate,  thin- 
ner in  their  texture:  and  uith  glandular  dots,  whic  are  very  nunie- 
rous  and  jjenerally  circular  in  the  former  variety,  but  in  this  more 
distant  and  oblono;,  and  form  small  lacunae  from  which  the  veiixa 
distinctly  ori'^inate:  tlie  peduncles  too  in  this  are  ji;enerallv  Ioniser, 

(irous  in  the  middle  and  upper  parts  of  Carolina  and  Geur^^iiw 

Flowers  May — July. 


3.  Lance o LATA.     Pursb. 


L.  o;labenin)a  ;  follis 
quaternis,  sulj|)etiolatis, 
lanceolalis,  proniissc  acu- 
niinatis  ;  pecUinculis  qua- 
tcrnis,  muitifloris  ;  llori- 
bus  summis  raccniosis. 
Pursb,  2.  p.  7ii). 


Very  smootli ;  leaves 
I)y  fours,  ratber  petiolatc, 
lanceolate,  prominently 
acuminate:  peduncles  by 
fours,  many  fljwered  ; 
tlie  upper  flowers  in  ra- 
cemes. 


Stem  erect,  simple.     Segments  of  the  corolla  ovate,  acute.     Pursli. 
Collected  in  Carolina  bv  Catestiy ;  described  by  Pur^h  from  speci- 
mens in  tlie  licrbariuiu  ofSherard. 


4.    ClT.IATA. 

L.  folii->  pctiolitis.  qua-  |       Loaves     petiolatc,    by 
tciiiis,  coiJulo-ovatis,  su-  |  fours,  cordalc  ovate,   up- 


^34  PENTANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


per  lanceolate  ;   petioles 
ciliute  ;  flowers  nodding, 


perioribus  lanceolatis  ; 
petiolis  tiliatis ;  floribus 
cernuis.     E. 

L.  hvbrida  ?  Mich.  1.  p»  156.     Pursh^  1.  p.  136. 

Walt.  p.  92. 

L.  quadrifolia,  raj'.  6.    Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  818. 

jRoot  creeping  ?  perennial.  Stem  2  feet  hi2;h,  erect,  branching, 
square,  furrowed,  "iabrous.  Leaves  opposite,  the  upper  ones  bv  threes 
or  fours,  glabrous,  the  margins  nfiely  renculate;  petioles  1 — U  inch 
long,  ciliate.  Peduncles  1  flowered,  2  inches  long,  with  the  stem  and 
petioles  sprinkled  with  black  dots.  Segments  of  the  calyx  lanceolate, 
acuminate,  obscurely  3  nerved.  Tube  of  the  corolla  very  short,  com- 
posed of  a  purple  ring,  sprinkled  with  yellow  glands,  and  5  toothed  on 
the  inner  side  ;  segments  rounded,  toothed,  mucronate,  slightly  cili- 
ate at  base,  and  longer  than  the  calyx.  Filaments  inserted  between 
the  teeth  of  the  annular  tube  of  the  corolla,  much  shorter  than  the 
corolla.  Anthers  erect,  2  lobed.  Germ  superior,  globose.  Style  as^ 
long  as  tlie  stamens.     Stigma  obtuse.     Seed  ovate,  glabrous. 

Grows  in  rich  soils,  high  river  swamps ;  raie  in  the  iiumedia/te  vi- 
cinity of  the  ocean. 

Flowers  June — July. 


S.    QUADRIFLORA.       SlmS. 


Leaves  opposite,  ses- 
sile, linear,  very  long; 
peduncle?  by  fours,  ter- 
minal, 1  flowered. 


L.  foliis  oppositis,  ses- 
silibus,  linearibus,  longis- 
simis  ,*  pedunculis  qua- 
ternis,  terminalibus,  uni- 
floris.     Bot.  Mag.  660. 

L.  angustifolia  ?  Mich.  1.  p.  128. 
L.  iongifolia,  Pursh,  I.  p.  135. 

Stem  3 — 3  feet  high,  branching,  furrowed,  glabrous.  Leaves  of  tha 
stem  opposite,  very  long,  linear  lanceolate,  not  dotted,  narrowed  at 
base  almost  to  a  petiole,  and  dilated  as  ti;e  base  embraces  the  stem  ; 
a  few  hairs  are  scattered  under  the  dilated  base  ;  at  the  extremity  of 
each  branch  4 — 6  smaller  leaves  form  a  whorl.  Flowers  4 — 6,  termi- 
nal, on  peduncles  longer  than  the  leaves.  Segments  of  the  calyx  long, 
lanceolate,  acuminate.  Segments  of  the  corolla  acuminate,  slightly 
crenate,  longer  than  the  calyx.  Capsule  5  ?  valvtd.  Seeds  3  angled, 
nestling  in  compartments  in  a  central  receptacle. 

Grows  in  St.  John's.     Dr.  Macbride. 

Flowers 


rENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


Sd$ 


6.  TlETERopHYi.iiA.     Mich. 


Leaves  opposite,  the 
lower  nearly  orbicular, 
the  upper  linear,  sessile ; 
flowers  nodding. 


L.  Ibliis  opposilis,  iniis 
sul)orbicuhitis,  supcriori- 
])us  linearil)us,  scssilibus; 
florihus  cernuis. 

Midi.  1.  p    i:r.     Pursh,  I.  p.  13G. 
L.  lanceolata  ?  Walt-  p.  92. 

llnot  pfienrii.il.  Stem  erect,  1'2 — 18  inches  lii::;h,  somewhat  anijled, 
•labrmis,  btaiicliin;;.  Leaves  as  tliey  ascend,  becomin-^  gratlually 
iiKire  narrow,  ;:labr()us,  ciliak'  near  tfie  base,  tliitk,  opake.  Fluvcers 
axillary  ;  peduncles  shorter  than  the  leaves,  one  flowered.  Se"-ment8 
of  the  caty.v  lanceolate,  acuminate.  Segments  of  the  corolla  scarcely 
longer  than  tlic  calyx,  crenatc,  mucronate  ? 

Grows  in  swamps  or  damp  clayey  soils,  in  the  middle  and  low 
country  of  Georgia  and  Carolina,  but  not  iu  the  immediate  vicinity 
•f  the  ocean. 

Flowers  June — August. 


ANAGALLIS.     Gen.  pl.  270. 


Corolla  rotate.  Cap. 
sale  1  celled,  circumscisr 
sed. 


stem  procumbent. 


Corolla  rotata.  Cap. 
sula  i-locularis,  circum- 
scissa. 

1.  Arvensis. 

A.  foliis  indivisis;  caule  I        Leaves      undivided 
pro^umbcnte.     Sp  pl.  1. 
p.  82 (. 

Pursh,  I.  p.  135. 

Jtoot  annual.  Stem  fi — 12  inches  lonir,  procumbent.  Zmiv.?  op- 
posite, sessile,  ovate-lanceolate,  entire,  ol)scurely  nerved.  Flowers 
solitary,  axillary,  opposite.  Peduncle  twice  as  lonj;  as  tl:e  leaf.  Ca- 
hf.r  5  parted,  persistent  ;  se;i;;ments  linear  lanceolate,  very  acute. 
Corolla  5  parted,  red  ;  segments  ■  val,  crenulate.  lonj^er  than  the  ca- 
lyx, fj/nnifn^s  shorter  than  the  corolla.  G^-nn  superior.  Style  tWi- 
form,  as  Ions  as  the  stamens.     Stigma  simple,  obtuse. 

Impoited  ori;;inally  from  Europe,  now  naturalized  and  pratlually 
exlendins;  over  the  United  States.  Found  on  Sullivan's  IbUnd^ 
l^rctwinij  freely  between  the  gand-bill*. 

Floweis  June— July. 


336 


PENTANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 

PHACELIA.     Juss. 


I  Cahfx  5  cleft.  Cornl- 
I  la  5  cleft.  Stamens  ex- 
I  serted.  Capsule  2  celled, 
I  2  vaived,  4  seeded. 

I  Leaves  pinnatifid,  the 
I  lobes  undivided  ;  seg- 
I  nieiits  of  the  corolla  fim- 
I  briate. 

140. 

The  whole  plant,  but  particularly  the  inarjjins  of  the  leaves  and 
calyx  hispid.  Root  perennial,  cespitose.  Utem  assurgent,  seldom 
branclied,  6 — 12  inches  hiiih.  Leaves  alternate,  the  upper  pinnatifid, 
sessile,  the  lower  almost  pinnate  and  petiolate.  Flowers  in  a  simple 
terminal  raceme,  revolute  before  flowerinj>;,  becoming  erect  afterwards. 
Calyx  persistent.  Style  2,  cleft,  longer  tlian  the  stamens.  Stignuis 
simple. 

From  specimens  sent  from  Athens,  Georgia,  by  Mr.  Green. 

Flowers 


Cali/x  5 -fid lis.  Corol- 
la  5-fida.  stamina  ex- 
serta.  Caps/da  2-locula- 
ris,  S-valvis,  4-sperma. 

1.  Fjmbkiata.     Midi. 

P.  foliis  pinnatifid  is, 
lobis  indivisis  ;  corollse 
lobis  margijie  timbriatis. 

Mich.  1.  p.  1S4.     Pursh,  1.  p. 


SPIGELIA.     Gen.  pl.  272. 


Corolla  funnel  shaped. 
Capsule  didymous,  2 
celled,  many  seeded. 

Stem  square  ;  leaves 
all  opposite. 


Corolla  infundibulifor- 
inis.  Capsula  didyma, 
2-locularis,  polysperma. 

1.  Mauilanuica. 

S.    caule   tetragono  ; 

foliis  omnibus  oppositis. 

Sp.  pl.  1.  p.  825. 

Walt.  p.  92. 
Mich.  1.  p.  147. 

Root  fibrous,  perennial.  Stevt  herbaceous,  6 — 20  inches  high, 
branching  near  tlie  base,  slightly  winged,  towards  the  summit  pubes-^ 
cent.  Leaves  sessile,  ovate-lanceolate,  acute,  with  the  margins  and 
veins  underneath  pubescent.  Floivers  in  a  simple,  terminal,  secund 
raceme.  Caly:v  5  leaved,  persistent,  leaves  subulate,  acute,  finely 
serrulate.  Corolla  1  petal  led,  tube  angled,  ventricose,  5  times  as 
long  as  tlie  calyx,  yellow  within,  crimson  without;  border 
5  cleft  J  segments  acute,  somewhat  expanded.     Filaments  shorter 


VliNTANDRlA    MONOG\NI.%.  237 

than  tl»e  corolla,  inspited  into  the  tube  between  the  segments.  Jlii' 
tlit'ra  ublonsj,  eordate,  2  celled,  \ell()\v  Germ  superior,  ovate.  Sti/le 
loiter  than  tl»e  corolla,  /(;/h^p</  neai-  its  base.     Slii^mn  simple,  obtuse. 

I  have  a  specimen  >eiit  me  by  Dr.  Macbiide  iVoin  8t.  .lolin's,  which 
llowered  in  OetobiT,  with  obovate,  ohtusi',  and  somewhat  verticillate 
leaves;  but  on  removiii;;  tlie  root  of" the  >ame  plant  to  a  dilll'ient  soil, 
it  blootned  the  succeeding  spring,  and  jjroved  to  be  only  an  accidental 
variety. 

Hesities  its  medical  U'»es,  the  Spiijelia  merits  a  place  in  a  flower 
gaideo  as  an  ornamental  plant. 

(»r«)usin  rich  drv  soils. 

Flower?.  -May — July.  Carolina  pinK-.     Pink-root. 

The  use  of  this  plant  as  a  medicine  was  learnt  by  tlic  early  settlers 
of  this  State  from  the  imlians.  It  is  now  in  common  use,  both  oa 
this  and  the  eastern  cimtinent,  as  a  reme<Iy  for  worms  in  children. 
T  »e  whole  plant  is  usually  employed,  but  the  root  is  believed  to 
possess  m<>st  power. 

The  catliariic  eilect  is  so  uncertain,  that  it  is  necessary  to  give, 
either  with  or  after  it,  some  more  active  purgative.  The  taste  of  the 
iSpi^elia  is  sweetish  or  insipid.  The  u>ual  dose  for  a  chilil  of  seveu 
years  old,  is  twenty  j^rains  of  the  powdered  root.  JMobt  physicians 
in  this  country  combine  calomel  with  it. 

The  Spi.'elia  often  acts  as  a  narcotic  or  sedative,  inc'iicing  stupor; 
but  this  eft'ect  is  seldom  or  never  attcndeil  with  danger  ;  indeed, 
many  phvsiclans  consider  it  as  an  evidence  of  the  favourable  opera- 
tion of  tlie  medicine.  It  has  been  falsely  ascribed  to  the  roots  of 
>»()ine  deleteri(tns  plant,  taken  up  with  those  of  tlie  Spiirelia.  The 
Muall  black  fibres  generally  pointed  out  as  such,  prove  to  be  nothin"- 
more  than  tlie  decayed  roots  of  the  Fink,  which  are  aJwavs  visible, 
especially  in  spring,  the  usual  time  of  collecting  tiiis  article. 

OPHIOimHIZA.     Gen.  pl.  273. 

Corolla  iiifundihulifor-  |       Corolla  funnel  shaped, 
mis.      Germen    2-lkluni.  |  Germ  2  cleft.     Stigmas 
Stii^mata  2.     Frudiis  bi-  |  2.     Fruit  2  lobcd. 
lol)us.  I 

1.    MiTREOLA. 

O.  foliis  ovatis,  sessili-  |  Leaves  ovate,  sessile, 
bus,  niarginibus  seal  iosis.  |  with  the  margins  scaii- 
E.  I  ous. 

Sp.  pl.  1.  p.  800.  Mich.  1.  p.  1  18.    '  , 

Anon,  sessilifol.   Walt.  p.  108. 
O.  ovatifolia,  Muhl.  Cat. 

.Roof  annual.  Stem  crecty  12—18  inches  hijjh,  somewhat  square, 
sparingly  branched,  scabrous  nem  t!ie  summit,  smooth  bolow.    Leaven 


238 


PENTANDRIA  MONOGYTflA. 


opposiie,  appiessed,  rounded  at  base,  slightly  acuminate.  Flower^ 
in  terminal  and  lateral  cymes  ?  composed  of  dichotomous,  secund 
spikes,  at  first  erect,  afterwards  recurved.  Calyx  1  leaved,  persist- 
ent; border  5  clelt;  segments  linear.  Corolla  I  petalled,  white,  de- 
ciduous, not  longer  than  the  calyx,  tube  very  shon,  the  throat  closed 
with  jointed  hairs  ;  segments  acute,  expanding.  Filaments  inserted 
into  the  tube  of  the  corolla,  very  short.  Germ  superior,  ovate,  fur- 
rowed. Style  as  long  as  the  stamens.  Stigma  capitate.  Capsules 
Q,  united  at  the  base  and  points,  open  in  tlie  middle,  1  celled,  not 
opening.  Seeds  many,  ovate,  smali,  attached  to  a  receptacle  on  the 
interior  side  of  each  capsule. 

Grows  in  damp  soils. 

Flowers  July — August. 


2.  Lance oLATA. 
O.  foliis  long:o-lanceo- 
latis,   serrulatis,  basi  at- 


Leaves  lon^  lanceolate, 
finely  serrulate,  tapering 
at  base. 


tenuatis.     E. 

Anon,  petiolat.  Walt.  p.  108. 
O.  Mitreola,  >juhl.Cat. 

Root  annual.  Stem  18  inches  high,  square,  with  the  angles  round- 
ed, 4  furrowed,  slightly  branched,  glabrous.  Leaves  opposite,  acumi- 
nate, smooth  and  glaucous  on  the  under  surface,  the  upper  scabrous  j 
tapering  at  base  to  a  sliort  petiole.  Tube  of  the  corolla  purple,  as  long 
as  the  calyx,  the  throat  closed  with  hairs;  border  while,  segment* 
acute      SHgma  capitate,  not  2  cleft. 

'<  his  has  been  considered  by  Dr.  Muhlenberg  as  the  0.  mitreola, 
although  the  specific  character,  "  foliis  ovatis"  is  only  applicable  to 
the  preceding  species.  It  is  however  not  improbable  that  the  O.  Mitre- 
ola of  Swartz,  a  native  of  the  West-Indies,  is  really  distinct  from 
both. 

Grows  in  damp  soils.     Very  common. 

Flowers  August — September. 

V^ZALEA. 


Corolla  campanulata. 
Stamina  receptaculo  in- 
serta.  Capsida  .^-locii- 
laris.  Stigma  obtusum. 
1.  Calendulacea.  a 
A.  subnudiflora ;  foliis 
oblongis,  utrinque  pubes- 
centibus,  adultis  hirsutis ; 
floribus  aniplis,  non  vis- 
cosis  I    calycis  dentibus 


Corolla    canipanulate. 
Stamens  inserted  on  the 
receptacle.       Capsule    5 
celled.     Stigma  obtuse, 
ich. 

Flowers  rather  naked  ; 
leaves  long,  pubescent  on 
both  sides,  when  fuH 
grown  hirsute ;  flowers 
large,  not  viscid ,  the  teeth 


PENTANDRIA    MONOG\NI\. 


239 


oblons's  ;     corolla    tii))o 


of  the  calyx  ohlone; ;  co- 
I  olla  witli  the  tiil)e  sliortcr 


Ihaii  tiie  bcgiucuts. 


hirsiito  laciiiiis  hroiorc. 
Pursli,  I.  p.  151. 

Mich.  1.  p.  151. 

A.  nutlitUtra,  var.  coccinea^  Hort.  Kew. 
A  shrub  C — G  feet  hif;h.     Leaves  deciduous. 
Var.  a.  with  flowers  flame  coloured,  sometimes  variegated  with  yellow* 
ft.  flowers  bri;jlit  yellow. 
c.  flowers  ruse  coloured. 
Grows  in  Ii2;ht  saiidv  soils — n.  on  the  borders  of  Kbene/.cr   Creek, 
and  ill  the  westi'rn  districts  of  Geoii:;ia — ft.  on  the  liiuilier  mountains 
«f  Viru;iiiia  and  Carolina — c.  at  the  Tocoa  Kails,  Georgia. 
Flowers  April — June. 


2.  Canescens.     Mich. 

A.  sub  luidillora  ;  foliis 
obovato-oblongis,  supra 
pul)csccntlbiis,  subtus  to- 
mcntosis,  ncrvo  noii  sc- 
tigcro  ;  tloril)us  nou  vis- 
cosis,  tubo  laciniis  vix 
breviore ;  calycis  <lcnti- 
bus  brevissiml.s,  rotunda- 
to-obtusis  ;  stamlnibus 
vix  exertis.  Pursli,  1.  p. 
452. 


Flowers  rather  naketJ ; 
leaves  ol)ovate,  pubes- 
cent al)Ove,  beneath  to- 
mentose,  with  the  nerve 
unarmed  ;  (lowers  not 
viscid,  with  the  tube 
scarcely  shorter  than  the 
segments ;  the  teeth  of 
tiie  calyx  very  short,  ob- 
tuse and  rounded  ;  the 
stamefls  scarcely  longer 
than  the  tube. 


Mich.  I. p.  150. 

A.  nudiflora,  Lin. 
Flowers  rose  coloured. 

Grows  on  the  banks  of  rivers  in  lower  Carolina.     Midi 
Flowers  April — May. 


3.  Brc  OLOR.     Pursh. 

A.  nudillora  ;  Ibliis  ob- 
longis,  utrinque  tenuissi- 
me  cano-pubcscentibus, 
nervo  non  setigero  ;  flo- 
ribus  parvis  non  viscosis. 
tubo  laciniis  vLx  longiorc  : 


Naked  flowered ;  leaves 
oblong,  covered  on  botli 
sides  with  very  line  w!ii- 
tish  hairs,  the  nerve  not 
l)iistly :  fl  )wers  small,  not 
vibcitl,  ihc  tube  scarcely 


S40 


PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNlA. 


longer  tliau  the  segments 
of  the  corolla ;  calyx  very 
short,  one  of  its  segments 
narrow,  and  four  times 
longer  than  the  rest ;  fila- 
ments longer  than  the 
tube ;  smaller  branches 
hairy  and  hispid. 

A.  nudiflora,  var.  bicolor,  Hort.  Kew.  1.  p.  319. 

Flowers  slender  and  smaller  than  the  rest,  of  a  pale  rose  colour,  oc 
nearly  white,  with  a  deep  red  coloured  tube. 

Grows  on  barren  sandy  hills,  in  Carolina  and  Georgia. 
Flowers  May — June. 


calycibus  brevissinns,  la- 
cinia  unica  lineari,  reli- 
quis  quadruplo  longiore ; 
filamentis  exertis;  ranui- 
lispiloso-hispidis.  Pursh, 
1.  p.  153. 


4.  Nudiflora. 

A.  subnudiflora ;  foliis 
lanceolato-oblongis,  pu- 
bescentibus,  nervo  subtus 
setigero ;  corollis  pilosis  ; 
staminibus  longissime  ex- 
ertis. 


Flowers  rather  naked  ; 
leaves  lanceolate  oblong, 
pubescent,  the  nerve  be- 
neath  bristly  ;  corolla 
hairy ;  stamens  much 
longer  than  the  tube  of 
the  corolla. 


Sp.pl.  l.p.  831.     Walt.  p.  97. 

A.  periclymenoides,  Pursh,  1.  p.  152. 

A  shrub  2 — 8  feet  high,  producing  many  stems  from  the  root.  Stevi 
branching  towards  the  summit,  the  young  branches  pubescent.  Leaves 
alternate,  crowded  toward?  the  summit  of  the  branches  on  the  new 
wood,  variable  ovate,  lanceolate  and  obovate,  slightly  mucronate,  the 
margins  and  under  surface  pubescent,  the  upper  somewhat  glabrous. 
Flowers  in  terminal,  clustered  racemes,  beginning  to  open  before  the 
leaves  are  unfolded  ;  peduncles  about  half  an  inch  long,  clothed  with 
an  obovate,  white,  very  pubescent,  caducous  bractea.  Calyx  very 
small.  Tube  of  the  corolla  long,  pubescent,  viscid;  border  5 
cleft,  expanding  ;  segments  unequal-  Filaments  declining,  unequal, 
inserted  into  the  base  ot  the  germ,  nearly  twice  as  long  as  the  corolla. 
Jlnthers  incumbent,  2  lobed,  opening  through  terminal  pores.  Germ 
superior,  hairy.     ^tijU  longer  than  the  stamens.     Stig-wa  capitate. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  beautiful  plants  which  adorn  the  forests  of 
North  America.  Some  of  its  varieties  are  considered  by  many  per- 
sons as  the  most  ornamental  of  our  shrubs.  It  has  been  subdivided 
into  several  species  ;  three  have  been  inserted  from  Michaux  and 
Pursh,  but  their  characters  appear  to  me  too  indistinct  and  variable. 
I  have  endeavoured  to-  establish  characters  on  the  size  and  proportion 


FENTANnniA  MONOCYNIA. 


ftii 


of  tiie  calyx,  but  I  founil  it  vary  »«>  n\iich  in  individuals  of  the  same 
variety  us  to  batllo  tlie  rfloit,  and  iudecil  in  plants  so  prone  to  vary, 
ve  nuist  view  with  caution,  irregularitieit  that  may  arise  from  soil  and 
exposure. 

In  the  Hortus   Kewensis  the  following  varieties  are  mentioned, 
^vhich  include  tiie  tlnee  preceding  species. 

a.  coccinea  ;  flowers  scarlet. 

6  rut  Hans  ;  flowers  deep  red,  calyx  minute. 

c.  carnea  :  flowers  pale  red,  tul)e  red  at  base,  calyx  leafy. 

rf.  alba  ;  flow»'rs  white,  calyx  middle  si/.e. 

e.  biculor  ;  border  of  the  flower  pale,  tube  red,  calyx  small, branches 
hairy. 

f.  papiliunacea  ;  flowers  reddish,  the  lower  segments  white,  caljrK 
leafy. 

•S:.  partita  ;  flowers  flesh-coloured,  divided  to  tlie  base. 
To  which  may  be  added, 

h.  lutea  ;  flowers  briglit  yellow.  ^ 

Grows  in  rich,  dry  soiU,  and  along  the  margins  of  gwamps  antf 
creeks. 

Flowers  March — May. 


Leaves  on  the  margin  sca- 
brous ;  corolla  hairy,  ghi- 
tinous;  stamens  scarcely 
longer  than  the  corolla. 


5,  ViSCOSA. 

A.  fohis  mare;ine  sca- 
bris  ;  corollis  piloso-glii- 
tinosis  ;  staminibiis  vix 
corolla  lonu;ioribus.  Sp. 
pi.  1.  p.   831. 

Walt.  p.  97.     Mich.  1.  p. 

A  shrub  somewhat  similar  to  the  precedinj;,  but  not  sb  beautiful, 
3 — 6  feet  high,  youn;;  branches  and  dorsal  nerves  of  the  leaves  hispid. 
Leaves  lanceolate,  oval,  obovatc,  nearly  glabrous,  mai  j^ns  roughened. 
Flowers  in  terminal  clustered  racemes.  Calyx  minute.  Corolla 
very  hispitl  and  viscid.  Stamtus  scarcely  as  lung  as  the  corolla. 
Style  longer  than  the  stamen?.     .S7j;:-.iia  capitate. 

Of  this  species  the  following  varieties  are  enumerated  in  the  Hortus 
Kewcn^ls,  V(d.  1.  p.  319. 

a.  odorata ;  flowers  white,  branches  difl'usc,  leaves  deep  green,  and 

liifid. 
h.  vittata  ;  flowers  wliite,  keels  flesh  coloured,  style  long,  red  at  tli« 

point,  and  leaves  pale,  ovate  oblong. 
c.Jissn  ;  flowers  white,  divided  at  tiie  base,  leaves  deep  green,  lucid. 
d.jlnrihnnda ;    flowers  white,  leaves  glaucous   underneath,  style 

longer  than  the  corolla. 
e. glauca  ;  flowers   white,  leaves  glaucous  on  botli  surfaces^   th# 

young  leaves  sprinkled  with  hair  on  the  upper  fiurface* 
Grows  in  damp  sods. 
Flowers  May — Jul  v. 

F  2 


34^ 


i*BlirTANDRlA  MONOGYNIA, 


PHLOX.     Gen.  pl.  284. 


Corolla  liypocrateri 
formis.  Filamenta  inse 
qualia.  Stigma  trifidum 
Calyx  prisniaticus.  Cap 
sula  S-locularis,  l-sper 
ma. 

1.  Acuminata.     Piirsh. 

P.  foliis  inferiori!)us 
spathulato-ovatis,  acumi- 
ratis,  scabiiusculis,  sit^^e- 
rioribus  lanceolatis  ;  co- 
rymbis  terminalibus.     E. 

Pursh,  2.  p.  730. 

Stem  smooth,  erect,  a  little  roughened  near  tlie  summit,  3 — 5  feet 
high.  Leaves  thin,  membranous,  scabrous  on  both  surfaces,  2 — 4 
inches  long,  1 — 2i  wide.  Corymbs  few  flowered.  Caly:v  smaller  than 
usual  in  this  genus;  the  segments  subulate,  terminating  in  an  awn; 
Segments  of  the  coro//«  rounded,  purple.  ; 

Described  by  Pursh  from  specimens  collected  among  the  mountains 
of  Carolina  and  Georgia,  by  Mr.  Lyon.  Found  also  in  the  mountains 
of  Carolina  by  Dr.  Macbride. 

I  have  another  specimen  which  appears  te  be  referable  *o  this  spe- 
cies, with  smaller  leaves,  very  scabrous,  and  on  the  under  surface 
nearly  hispid,  found  by  Dr.  Wacbride  in  the  upper  districts  of  Caro* 
lina. 

Flowers  August — September. 


Corolla  liypocraterr- 
form.  F'damerds  une- 
qual. Stigma  3  cl<-ft. 
Calyx  piismatic.  Cap- 
sule s  celled,  1  seeded. 


Lower  leaves  spathu- 
late  ovate,  acuminate, 
slightly  scabrous,  upper 
lanceolate ;  corymbs  ter- 
minal. 


2.  Paniculata. 

p.  foliis  lanceolatis, 
planis,  margine  scabris  ; 
caule  lievi  ;  corymbis 
paniculatis  ;  corollse  la- 
ciniis  rotundatis  ;  calyci- 
biis  aristatis.  Sp.  pl.  1. 
p.  839. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  148. 

Root  perennial.     Stem  erect,  2  feet  high.     Leaves  opposite,  the  uji-- 
per   generally  evate    lanceolate,    acuminate.      Corifmhs    opposite; 


Leaves  lanceolate,  flat, 
the  margins  scabrous ; 
stem  smooth ;  corymbs 
paniculate  ;  segments  of 
the  corolla  rounded  ;  ca- 
lyx  awaed. 


VBNTINDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


«48 


nuBieroim;  flouors  sonuMvliat  paniculate.  Calif.v  pubescent?  5  cleft; 
sp-^ineiits  tapeiing  to  an  awn.  Tube  of  the  corolla  2  or  3  times  as 
long  as  the  calvx.  Filaments  unequal,  very  short,  inserted  into  the 
tubf  of  the  corolla  .Anthers  linear,  incumbent,  2  celled.  Germ 
superior,  ovate.  'Style  fdiform,  nearly  as  long  as  tlie  stamen*.  Utig' 
ma  hispid. 

<irons  in  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina. 

Flower*  June — Jul  v. 


3.  Undulata. 

P.  crecta,  glabra  ;    fo- 

liis      oI)lonfj;o-lanceolatis, 

sul)uiululiUis,        marginc 

scabris ;   coi-ymbis    paiii- 

culatis  ;    coroIliB  laciniis 

ol)Ovatis,  sul)relusis  ;    ca- 

lycibus  aiistatis.      Pursb, 

1.  p.  148. 

6p.  pi.  l.p.  840. 

P.  paniculata  ?   Mich.  1.  p.  144. 

A  handsome  plant,  taller  than  the  preceding  species.  Piirsh.     Floitii- 
ers  blue. 

Grows  in  vallies,  among  high  mountains  of  Carolina. 
Flowers  Julv — Au;;ust. 


EiecT, glabrous ;  leaves 
oblong  lanceolate,  slight- 
ly waved,  with  the  mar- 
gin^ scabrous  ;  coryiiiI)S 
paniculate ;  segments  of 
the  coi'olla  soincwhat  re- 
tuse  ;  calyx  avvned. 


4.  rvRAMroALis.     Smith. 

P.  erecta,j2;labra;  caule 

scabro  ;    foliis     cordato- 

ovatis,   acutis  ;    j)anicula 

lastigiata,     pyramidalis  ; 

coroll?e  laciniis  cuneato- 

truncalis ;    dentibus    ca- 

lycinis  suberectis,  lanceo- 

lalis,  acutis.     Pursli,  i.  p. 

148. 

Smith.  Exot.  Bot.  2.  p.  S3. 
P.  latifolia.^  Mich.  1.  p.  143. 

Grows   in    mountain    meadows, 
Pursh.     Flowprs  beautiful  purple. 
Flowers  June — Auijuat. 


Erect,  glabrous  ;  stem 
scabrous  ;  leaves  cordate 
ovate,  acute  ;  panicle  fas- 
tigiate,  pyramidal ;  seg- 
ments of  the  corolla 
wedge  shaped,  truncate ; 
teeth  of  the  calyx  erect, 
lanceolate,  acute. 


from  Pennsylvania   to  Cwoliiw 


^4* 


4»ENTANDRIA    MONOGINIA. 


5.    COBDATA. 

P.  foliis  oblongo-corda- 
tis,   subacuminatis,  mar- 


gine   scabris  ; 
paniculatis  ; 
jonge  aristatis. 


Leaves  oblong  cordate, 
slightly   acuminate,  with 
corymbis     the    margins     scabrous; 
calycibus     corynibs  paniculate  ;  seg- 
E.  ments  of  the  calyx  termi- 

nating in  long  awns. 

Stem  erect,  1 — Q  feet  high,  smooth.  Leaves  cordate,  slightly  auri- 
C«late,  tapering  to  the  summit.  Corymbs  numerous  near  the  summit, 
somewhat  paniculate.  Segments  of  the  calyx  terminating  in  an  awa 
as  long  as  the  tube.  Tube  of  the  corolla  four  times  as  long  as  the. 
calyx. 

In  the  structure  of  the  corymbs  this  species  has  much  affinity  to  the- 
p.  paniculata;  but  its  leaves  are  uniformly  cordate. 

Found  bv  Dr.  Macbride  in  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina.- 

flowers  August. 


oblongo  Ian- 


6.  Maculata. 

P.   foliis 

ceolatis,  glabris,  margine 

scabris  ;    caule  scabrius- 

corymbo- 

calycinis 


Leaves  oblong  lanceo- 
late, glabrous,  with  the 
margins  scabrous  ;  steia 
scabrous  ;  racemes  co- 
rymbose ;  teeth  of  the  ca^ 
lyx  acute. 

Mich.  1.  p.  143.    Purshji.p.  149. 


culo  ;  racemo 
so  ;  dentibus 
acutis. 

Sp.pl.  1.  p.  840.     Walt.  p.  97. 

Root  perennial,  Stem  erect,  2  feet  high,  terete,  sprinkled  with 
glandular  hairs,  purple  doited  with  green.  Leaves  sessile,  ovate  Ian-' 
ceolate,  acute,  the  margins  scabrous,  contracted  at  base  into  a  very 
jrhort  footstalk.  Corymbs  few  flowered,  alternate,  clustered  near  the 
summit  of  the  stalk.  Calyx  angled;  segments  subulate,  acuminate. 
Tube  of  the  corolla  3  or  4  times,  longer  than  the  calyx  j  segments  of 
the  border  obovate,  rounded. 

Grows  in  shaded  places,  preferring  dry,  rich  soils. 

Flowers  May — July,  sometimes  in  October. 


7.  Suave OLENS. 

P.  foliis  ovato-lanceo- 
latis,  undique  Ifevibus  ; 
p^uleglaberrinio;  racemo 


Leaves   ovate  lanceo- 


late, smooth 
brous 


gla- 


;    stem 
racemes  panicu 


PENTANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


245 


late :  teeth  of  the  c Jyx 
lanceolate,  acute. 


jjr.niculato  ;  (lentil)us  ca- 
ivcinis  lanceolatis,  acutis. 
S]).  pi.  1.  p.  8  10. 

Pursli,   1.  p.  149. 

P.  maculata,  var.  h.  Atich.  1.  p.  14S. 

Root  perennial.  Stun  erect,  C  feet  higli,  clabrous  below,  pubescent 
near  tlic  summit.  Leaves  very  entire,  t'ne  votiii'^  fniely  serrulate. 
Sei^ments  of  the  cali/.v  somewhat  mucronatc  ;  of  tlig  curulla  obovate. 
Corolla  white. 

If  the  plant  above  described,  and  whicli  I  have  cultivated,  is  the 
real  P.  suaveolens  of  the  Hort  Kew.  it  appears  to  be  too  nearly  al- 
lied to  the  P.  maculata;  although  the  stem  and  leaves  aie  more  sla- 
brous,  and  the  segments  of  the  calyx  perhaps  more  ucununate,  tb« 
characters  are  scarcely  distinct  enoii'jjh  to  mark  a  speci«3. 

Found  near  Savannah,  by  Mr.  Usmler. 

blowers  June — July. 


8.  Caroltnx. 

P.  caule  pubeseente ; 
foliis  ovato-lanceolatis, 
glabris ;  corymbis  fastigi- 
atis,  ramulis  subtiifloris  : 
denlibus  calycinis  lincari- 
lanceolatis.  Tursh,  i.p. 
14!). 


Sp.pl.  1.  p. 
P.  tri flora  t 


841.     exclus.  svu. 
Mich.  1.  p.  143.' 


Stem  pubescent ;  leaves 
ovate  lanceolate,  gla- 
brous ;  corymbs  flisti^i- 
ate,  the  branches  ![2;eneral- 
ly  3  lloNvcred  ;  tet^th  of 
the  calyx  linear  lanceo- 
late. 


Stem  erect.  Leaves  tapering,  acute.  Branches  of  the  corynife  some- 
what scattered,  3 — 5  flowered.  Cah/x  glabrous.  S»gni«uts  yf  the 
corolla  rounded,  purple. 

Grown  in  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina.     Mich. 

Flowers  July — September. 


9.  XiTiDA.     Pursh. 

P.  erecta,  glaben  inia  ; 
caule  scabro  ;  foliis  ova- 
to-oblongis,  subcoriaceis; 
corymbis  fastigiatis ;  co- 
rollae  laciniis  obovatis, 
subretusis ;  dentibus   cu- 


Erect,  glabrous ;  stem 
scabrous ;  leaves  ovate 
oblong,  somewhat  coria- 
ceous ;  corymbs  fastigi- 
ate;  segments  of  the  co- 
rolla  obovale,  slightly  re^ 


M6 


PHNTANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


lycinis    lanceolatis,   mu- 
Pursli,   2j   p. 


cronatis. 
730. 


tiise ;  segments  of  the. 
calyx  lanceolate,  inucra* 
nate. 


p.  (  arolina,  Walt.  p.  96. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  erect.  18 — 24  inches  high,  scabrous,  with  the 
joints  unusually  close.  Leaves  ovate  and  lanceolate,  nearly  cori- 
aceous, 2 — 3  inches  long,  1  wide,  dark  green  on  the  Uj)per  surface, 
pale  underneatli.  Corymbs  numerous,  many  flowered.  Segments  of 
the  calyx  lineai-*  lanceolate,  acuminate,  slightly  mucronate.  Seg- 
ments oi'the  corolla  obovate,  dark  purple. 

This  has  generally  been  considered  iu  this  country  as  the  P.  Caroli- 
na, and  the  synonymcs  under  that  species  in  the  Sp.  pi.  from  Miller 
and  Martyn's  Cent.  10.  t.  10.  evidently  refer  to  this  plant.  Linnaeus 
however  may  have  united  two  species  under  his  P.  Carolina. 

Grows  near  Columbia,  Soutli-Carolina.     Mr.  Hcrbemonf 

Flowers  May — June. 


10.  Glaberrima. 

p.  foUis  lineal  i-lanceo- 
latis,  glabiis  ;  caiile  e rec- 
to ;  coj7mbo  terminali, 
subfastigiata  ;  dentibus 
calycinis  aciitis. 


Leaves  linear  lanceo- 
late, glabrous ;  stem  e- 
rect  ;  corymb  teiininal, 
nearly  fastigiate ;  teeth 
of  tbe  calyx  acute. 


Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  841.     Mich.  1.  p.  142.     Pursh,  1.  p.  149. 

Soot  perennial.  Stem  erect,  1 — 2  feet  high,  very  smooth.  Leaves 
linear,  long,  very  smooth,  somewhat  rigid,  2 — 3  inches  long.  1 — 2 
lines  wide.  Cor^mfes  small.  Segments  of  the  ca/ya' linear  lanccolatCj 
acute;  of  the  corolla  nearly  round. 

I  have  a  specimen  with  the  leaves  wider  than  the  one  described, 
and  scabrous  along  the  margins. 

Grows  in  flat  pine  barrens,  from  Coosawhatchie  to  Purysburgh. 
Common. 

Flowers  May — June. 


H.  Arist\ta.     Mich. 

p.  pubescens  ;  foliis 
linearibus ;  corymbis  pau- 
cifloris ;  calycibus  longe 
aristatis. 


Pubescent ;   leaves  h- 


;  corymbs  few  fiow- 
;    segments  of  the 


near 

ered 

calyx  terminating  in  long 

awns. 


Mich.  I.  p.  144.    Pursh,  1.  p.  150. 


PENTA"^DRT\    MONOr.YNTV. 


»f7 


Piant  sleiulor,  erect.  Leaves  linear,  erect  or  apjiressed.  Tube  <»f 
llie  citruUa  sli^^litly  curved  ;  segments  obdvate.  i?e>;ments  of  tlu'  cu- 
(y.v  terminating  in  un  awn  mure  than  half  the  length  ot'  the  tube  uf  tlie 
curolla. 

Grow  s  in  the  upper  country  of  Carolina.     Dr.  Macbride. 
^  Flowers  May— June. 


Leaves  linear  lanceo- 
late, very  downy,  with 
the  margins  revolute ;  co- 
rymbs ncaily  fasti^iate, 
bracteale  ;  teeth  of  tlie 
calyx  subulate,  acute. 


18.    PlLOSA. 

p.  foliis  lineari-lanceo- 
latis,  pubentissimis,  mar- 
ginibus  revohitis;  corym- 
bis  subfiistigiatis,  bracte- 
atis  ;  (leiitibus  calycinis 
subulatis,  acutis.  Sp.  pi. 
1.  p.  140. 

Mich.  1.  p.  14J  ? 

Root  perennial.  Stem  12 — 18  inches  iiigh,  ]2;enerally  erect,  villous, 
linijcd  with  purple,  the  ])ubcscence  wiiite.  Lraves  erect,  sessile,  some- 
what ovate,  acute,  scabrous,  pubescent,  the  midrib  very  conspicuous, 
1 — 2  inches  Ions,  '2 — 3  lines  wide.  Corymbs  nearly  sessile,  5 — 6 
{lowered,  surrounded  by  3  or  4  ciliatc  leaves^  as  if  bracteatcd.  Seg- 
ments of  the  cahjx  subulate,  very  acute,  hairy  ;  of  the  corolla  obovate, 
frequently  acute,  bright  purple.     S'lfle  shorter  than  the  stamens. 

Grows  in  moderately  dry,  and  rich  soils.  Very  common  in  Chat- 
ham county,  Georgia. 

Flowers  March — April. 


13.  Am  (EN  A.     Sims. 

p.  hirsuta;  caulibus  as- 
surgentibus ;  foliis  ovato- 
lanccolatis  ;  dentibus  ca- 
lyeinis  subulatis  ;  corolla 
glabra,  lobis  obtusis. 

Bot.  Magazine,  No.  1308. 
P.  pilosa,  Walt.  p.  96. 
Mich.  1.  145. 

Stem  decumbent.      Leaves  lanceolate.     Corymbs  manv   flowered 
Corolla  bright  purple  ;  segments  obtuse. 

As  I  am  oidv  ac(|uainted  with  this  species  through  the  medinm  of 
the  Botanical  Slaga/,ine,  1  cannot  hpeak  of  it  with  certainty.  It  ap- 
pears to  dirt'er  from  F.  pilosa,  by  its  lanceolate  leaves,  the  obtuse  seg- 
tnents  of  its  corolla,  perhaps  by  the  want  of  biactcal  leaves,  and  th(» 


Hirsute ;  stems  as3ur«- 
gent ;  leaves  ovate  lan- 
ceolate ;  teeth  of  the  ca- 
lyx sul)ulate  ;  corolla  gla- 
brous, with  the  lobes  ob- 
tuse. 


S48 


PEjfTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


colour  of  the  pubescence,  which  is  white  in  the  pilosa,  giving  the  pt^nt 
a  hoary  aspect.  This  appears  to  be  tlie  plant  described  both  by  Wal* 
ter  and  Miclianx  as  the  P.  pilosa. 

Grous  near  the  ^antee  Canal,  where  it  was  collected  by  Mr.  Fraser^ 
land  tanied  to  Kiirope. 

Flowers  April  ? — May. 


14.    PiVARlCATA  ? 

P.  foliis  ovali-lanceo- 
latis,  supcrioribus  alter- 
nis ;  raniiilis  divaiicatis, 
laxis,  paucifloris  ;  corol- 
l?e  laciniis  siibobcordutis ; 
deiitibus  calycis  subulatis. 
Pursh,  1.  p.  150. 

Sp.pl.  1.  p.  841. 

Stem  1 — 2  feet  hijh,  nearly  erect,  very  smooth.  Leaves  remote, 
sessile,  ovate,  membranous.  Flo  ers  in  each  corymb  few,  scattered 
so  as  to  appear  solitary,  particularly  when  the  capsules  are  mature. 
Se-rments  of  the  cali/.v  lon^-,  sul)ulate  ;  of  the  corolla  obovate  .'' 

Found  in  the  swamps  of  Savannah  River,  about  40  miles  abov&^the 
city  of  Savannah. 

Flowers  April. 


Leaves  oval  lancea*- 
late,  the  upper  alter- 
nate ;  branches  divari- 
cate, loose,  few  flowered ; 
sei2;nients  of  the  corolla 
slightly  obcordate  ;  teeth 
of  the  calyx  subulate- 


Pubescent,  with  creep* 
ing  suckers  ;  leaves 
spathiilate  obovate ;  co- 
rvmb  few  flowered  ;  the 
teeth  of  the  calyx  subu- 
late, reflexed. 


15.  RftPTANs.     Mich. 

P.  pubescens,  stoloni- 
bus  repentibus  ;  foliis 
spathulato-obovatis  ;  co- 
rymbo  paucifloro ;  denti- 
bus  calycinis  subulatis, 
reflexis. 

Mich.  1.  p.  145. 

P.  stolonifera,  Bot.  Mag.  563.    Pursh,  1.  p.  153. 

B.00I  perennial.  Stem  erect,  12 — 18  inches  high,  pubescent.  St^m 
le  ves  oval  lanceolate.  Leaves  on  the  creeping  suckers  obovate,  pu- 
bescent. Corymbs  few  flowered.  Segments  of  the  calyx  subulate 
pubescent.     Segments  of  the  corolla  obovate,  nearly  rounded. 

Grows  in  the  mouiitains  of  Carolina.  Mich.  For  my  specimens 
of  this  plant  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Oemler,  who  collected  them  in 
Maryland. 

Flowers 


w:ntandru  monooynia. 


StU 


16.    Su6UL\TA. 

P.  procuinbens,  Iiirsu- 
ta ;  Ibliis  subiilatis,  cilia- 
tij<;  corvinbis  paiuilloris  ; 
cwoIIr;  ladniis  cuiiealis, 
emarginalis:  deniihus  ca- 
lycis  subulaiis  lubocorol- 
lie  vixbrcvioril)Us.  Pursh, 
i.  p.   15  1. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  842.     Walt.  p.  96. 


Procumbent,  liirsiitc  ; 
leaves  subulate,  clliatc  ; 
corymbs  few  flowered ; 
segments  of  the  corolla 
euiicate,  emarginatc  ; 
teetli  of  the  calyx  subu- 
late, scarcely  shorter  than 
the  tube  of  the  corolla 

Mich.  1.  p. 


Root  perennial,  creepiiis;.  Stem  procumbent,  assurgenf ,  branching, 
very  hairy.  Leaves  about  an  inch  Ion;;,  subulate,  inucronate,  very 
hairy  ;  the  lower  oppor<ite,  fasciculate,  the  upper  somewhat  alternate* 
Flowers  axillary,  somewiiat  solitaiy,  crowded  so  as  to  resemble  a 
corymb.  Cnb/.v  hairy,  segments  linear,  very  acute.  I  ube  of  the  cO' 
rolla  twice  as  lonijas  the  calyx  ;  segments  of  the  border  wedge  shapetl^ 
emari;iiiate,  of  a  pale  rose  colour,  briglit  at  base.  Style  very  short. 
Slii^mas  siimnle,  acute 

Grows  in  ury  and  light  soils  in  the  middle  and  upper  coMntry.  Perj^ 
haps  the  most  ele-^ant  species  of  this  beautifai  family. 

Flowers  February — May. 


4  7.  Setacea. 

P.  procumbens,  birsu- 
ta  ;  foliis  fasciculatis.  sub- 
iilatis, cilialis ;  pedicel- 
lis  paucis,  subumbellatis ; 
corolla?  hiciniis  cuncatis, 
emarginatis ;  dentibus  ca- 
lycis  subulatis,  tubo  co- 
rolhc  triplo  brevioribus. 
Pursh,  1.  p.  151. 


Procumbent,  hairy  5 
leaves  fasciculate,  subu- 
late, ciliate  ;  pedicels  few 
flowered,  somewhat  urn- 
belled  ;  segments  of  the 
corolla  cuneatc,  emargi- 
natc ;  teeth  of  the  calyx 
subulate,  much  shorter 
than  the  tube  of  the  co- 
rolla. 

Sp.  pi.  I.  p.  8-42.     Bot.  Mag.  415. 

Stem  procumbent,  assurgcnt.  leaves  longer,  and  for  the  most  part 
finer  and  more  hairy  than  tho^^e  of  the  P.  subulata.  Flowers  generally 
solitary,  forming  small  terminal  corymbs.  Cnrnlln  larg«»  ;  segments 
of  the  corolla  wedge  shaped,  emarginato. 

Found  in  Carolina  by  Mr.  Fraser. 

Flowers  April — May. 


UdO 


PENTANDRIA  MONO€iYN|A» 


CONVOLVULUS. 


Corolla  campaniilata, 
plicata.  Stigmata  ^. 
Capsula  g-locularis  ;  lo- 
cub's  dispennis. 

*  Caule  prostrato  vel 
nan  vohibili. 

1.  Tenellus. 

C.  foliis  ellipticis,  mii- 
cronatis,  basi  subcordatis  ; 
pedunculis  multifloris,  fo- 
liis longioribus ;  stylo  bi- 
partito.     Sp.pl.  l.  p.&6l. 

C.  humistratus,  Walt.  p.  94. 

C.  trichosanthes,  Mich.  1.  p.  137. 


Corolla  campanulate, 
plicate.  Stigmas  2,  Cap- 
sule 2  celled ;  cells  2 
seeded. 

*   Stefn   prostrate 
not  twining. 


or 


Leaves  elliptic,  mucro- 
nate,  somewhat  cordate 
at  base  ;  peduncles  many 
flowered,  longer  than  the 
leaves  ;  style  ;2  parted:. 

Pursli,  1.  p.  143. 

Jloot  perennial.  Stem  prostrate,  branchins;  at  base,  hairj.  Leaves^ 
entire,  somewhat  hairy,  on  very  short  footstalks.  Peduncles  axillarj, 
twice  as  long  as  the  leaves.  Flowers  (generally  3 — 5)  fasciculated  at 
the  summit.  Bracteas  2  at  the  summit  of  the  common  peduncle. 
Calyx  5  leaved,  leaves  oval,  acuminate,  ciliate,  persistent.  Corolla 
campanulate,  small,  white,  externally  hairy,  with  the  margin  obscure- 
ly 10  toothed.  Filaments  5,  (sometimes  6  P)  villous,  equal,  inserted 
into  the  tube  of  the  corolla.  Anthers  sagittate,  erect.  Germ  supe- 
rior, ovate,  villous  at  the  summit,  surrounded  at  base  by  a  glandular 
orange  coloured  ring.  Style  longer  than  the  stamens,  deeply  2  cleft., 
Siigmas  2,  globose.     Capsule  hairy,  4  celled,  each  cell  one  seeded. 

Grows  in  dry  sandy  soils.     Very  common. 

Flowers  June— September. 

Of  this  species,  which  is  so  distinct  by  its  style  cleft  frequently  to 
the  very  base,  the  late  J3r.  Brickell  of  Savannah,  proposed  to  consti- 
tute a  new  genus.  Mr.  Le  Conte  more  correctly  considers  it  as  the 
only  real  Convolvulus  we  pos&ess  ;  yet  its  stigmas  are  globose,  and 
by  its  capsule  it  approaches  very  near  to  the  genus  Evolvulus. 


2.  Aquaticus.     Walt. 

C.  tomentosus  ;  foliis  |  Tomentose  ;  leaves 
ohlongo-ovatis,  subsessili-  |  oblong  ovate,  nearly  ses- 
bus  J   pedunculis   subtri-  )  sile  ,  peduncles  generaL 


PENTANDRTA  MONOGYNIA. 


MBi 


•floris,  foliis  triplo  lon^io- 
riljus  ;  stylo  bipartito.    E. 


ly  3  llowcrcd,  3  times  as 
lonii;  as  the  leaves  :  style 
2  parted. 


Walt.  p.  ^. 

C.  tricliosantliPB,  var.  pateus,  Pursh,  1.  p.  1-48. 

This  plant  has  much  aftinity  to  the  pn'cciling,  but  I  concur  with 
AValter,  in  coiisidcrin;^  (hem  distinct.  The  whole  plant  is  tomen- 
tose  ;  the  leaves  nanov\eranil  loni;er  ;  the  peduncles  aiino&t  uniformly 
3  flowered  ;  the  corctlla  ruse  coloured,  very  hairy,  and  smaller  tlian 
that  of  the  C.  tcnellus;  the  capsule  tomentose.  I'heir  habitat  too  is 
distinct.  This  jsjrows  in  damp  pine  barrens,  and  around  ponds  in  the 
middle  country,  in  clayey  soils. 

Servern  county,  Ld'uisville,  Georgia  j  Mr.  Jackson.  St.  Johns,  Dr 
Macbride. 

Flowers  throush  the  summer. 


3.  Sherardi. 

C.   huniilusi's,  piibcs- 

cens  ;   foliis  ellipticis,  u- 

ti'inqiie  retusis,  nuicrona- 

ti.s  ;    floribus     solitariis, 

subsessilibus.     Purbh,  2. 

p.  730 

Described  by  Pursh  from  a  specimen  in  Sherard's  herbarium,  col- 
lected in  Carolina  by  Catesby.  1  have  in  my  herbarium  a  specimen 
collected  near  Louisvdle,  Gcoriria,  by  Mr.  Jackson,  in  which  t!ie  ped- 
uncles are  uniforiwly  1  flowered,  but  they  are  as  lonir  as  the  leaves, 
and  the  plant  appears  to  be  only  a  variety  of  C.  tenclluSj  from  which 
tliis  only  differs  by  its  shortened  peduncles. 


Pi'ostrate,  pubescent ; 
leaves  elliptic,  retuse  at 
oacb  end,  niucionate  ; 
Ilowers  solitary,  nearly 
sessile. 


Leaves  cordate  oval, 
pubescent,  lioary  :  stein 
straight  ;  peduncles  i 
flowered  ;  shorter  than 
the  leaves. 


4.  SririiAM.f:us. 

C.  foliis  cordato-ovali- 
bus,  pubescentihus,  inca- 
iiis;  caule  recto  ;  pedun- 
culis  unifloris,  foliis  bre- 
vioiibus.  Sp.  pi.  i.p.873. 

Walt.  p.  93. 

C.  stans  r  Mich.  1.  p.  136. 
Calysteg;ia  spithanuea,  Pursh,  1.  p.  143. 

Stem  erect,  branching,  pubescent.     Leaves  on  very  short  petioles, 
Oval,  pubescent,  the  lower  slightly  cordate.     Fluivers  t-olitarv,  axilla- 
rV)  on  peduncles  nearly  as  l<m<»  as  the   leaf.     {Uracteas  mucli  loDj^er 
tfian  tlie  calyx.     Corolla  white.     Sti;;ma  oblong.     Mich.) 
(irows  in  dry  soih,  Pennsylvania  to  Carolina.     Purelu 
Flower*  June — July, 


9^9 


TBNTANDRIA   MONOGYNiA, 


5,  Obtusilobus.     Mich. 


C.  caule  prostrate  ;  fo- 
liis  crassis,  sinuato-loba- 
tis,  emarginatis  ;  lobis  ro- 
tund atis  ;  pedunculis  uni- 
£oris. 


Stem  prostrate ;  leaves 
thick,  sinuate,  lobed, 
emarginate ;  lobes  round- 
ed ;  peduncles  1  flower- 
ed. 


Mich.  l.p.  139.    Pursh,  1.  p.  144. 

Boot  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  glabrous,  branching.  Leaves 
alternate,  nearly  hastate  ;  the  lateral  lobes  frequently  bifid,  obtuse> 
the  middle  lobe  larger,  obovate,  all  strongly  veined,  entire  ;  petioles 
1 — 3  inches  long.  Peduncles  longer  than  the  leaves,  furnished  with 
two  small  st.pules  near  the  middle.  Calyx  acuminate,  without  brae- 
teas,  lactescent.  Corolla  large,  white,  with  a  yellow  tube.  Filaments 
much  shorter  thae  the  corolla,  tomentose  at  base.  Style  as  long  a^ 
the  stamens,  2  cleft  at  the  summit.     Stigmas  2,  globose* 

Grows  on  the  sand  hills  exposed  to  the  ocean. 

Flowers  August — October, 


I      **"  Stem  txvining. 


Leaves  cordate,  undi- 
vided ;  fruit  nodding,  on 
thickened  footstalks* 


**  Caiile  voliibilL 

6.    PURPUREUS. 

C.  foliis  cordatis,  indi- 

visis  ;  fructibus  cernuis  ; 

pedicellis  incrassatis,  Sp. 

pi.  1.  p.  852, 

Walt.  p.  93. 

Bot.  Mag.  No.  113. 

Ipomcea  purpurea,  Pursh,  1.  p.  146. 

Jtoot  annual.  Stem  twining  around  small  shrubs,  hairy,  some- 
times ascending  to  a  considerable  height.  Leaves  strictly  cordate, 
undivided,  entire,  slightly  acuminate.  Peduncles  1 — 3  flowered.  Ca-- 
lyx  hairy.  Corolla  funnel  shaped,  blue  and  purple,  sometimes  neare 
ly  white; 

Very  commn  in  gardens,  and  met  with  occasionally  around  enclo- 
sures.    Appears  to  be  an  imported  plant,  not  entirely  naturalized. 

Flowers  through  the  summer.  Morning  glory. 


m,  Macrorhizus. 
C.  foliis  cordatis,  sim- 
plicibus    lobatisque,   ru- 


Leaves 
pie    and 


cordate,   sim- 
lobed,    much 


PENTANDR'A    MONOCYNIA.  253 


gosissimis,  eiiblus  piii)cs. 
cciitibiis:])cilunculis  i — 5 
flu  lis.     E. 


wriiiklcMl,  pubescent  un- 
(lerncatli:  peduncles  1 — .S 
nowercd. 


Iponifpa  macrorliiza,  Midi.  1.  p.  141. 
C.  Jnlapa  ?  Sp.  pi.  1    p.  8G(). 
Ipoincea  Jalapa,  Pursli,  1.  p.  146. 

Root  perennial,  somewhat  fusiform,  very  large,  weiphinjj  when  old 
rroin  40  to  50  pomuls.  white,  farinaceous,  insipid.  >Sfvin  twining 
around  shrubs  and  fences,  sli'jjhtly  angled,  puWescciit.  The  youn^ /♦'Ofc^ 
acute,  and  tonientose  on  tiie  urMcr  surface,  t!ie  v)lil  leaves  frpquently 
ol)tuse,  and  slii^htly  muiicaie  :  petioles  I — -I  inches  lonj;.  I'cdnncles 
about  3  inches  lonu;.  1 — .i  flowered.  Cahjv  pubescent.  L'ornlla  lar^ie  ; 
border  obscurely  lu  looed,  externally  pubescent,  white,  tin2;ed  with, 
p'lrple.  Filnments  unequal,  as  lon^;  as  the  tube  of  the  corolla,  villous 
and  purple  \t  base.  Style  as  lon-j;  as  the  stamens,  2  cleft  at  tlie  sum- 
mit SU<:;iiui>i  globose.  Capsule  9 — .1  valved,  2 — ^  celled.  Seedg 
dark  brown,  clotiied  witli  lon;^  silky  brown  hairs  The  whole  plant 
lactescent. 

Grows  in  the  sandy  soils  of  the  Islands  of  Georgia  and  C  arolina. 

Flowers  June — October. 

This  has  been  generally  considered  by  modern  botanists  as  the  C» 
Jalapa  of  Linna-us  ;  but  wiiile  the  external  chaiaotcrs  of  the  two  plants 
appear  in  many  respects  lo  a2;ree.  tiie  me<li(al  qualities  of  tliis  by 
no  means  resemble  tliose  of  the  othoinal  Jalap.  We  must  therefore 
conclude  eitiier  that  modern  botj:iists  have  mistaken  the  plant  of  Lin- 
neeus,  or  that  climate  has  totally  changed  or  destroyed  its  active  pro- 
p'^rties ;  or,  w!iat  is  equally  pro'jable,  that  the  plant  producing  the 
officinal  Jalap  lias  been  concealed  by  the  jealous  vigilance  of  the  Indi- 
genes from  tlie  curiosity  of  Europeans. 

To  Dr.  Baldwin  1  am  indebted  for  the  following  obsenations 
on  this  plant. 

"  My  inlormation  respecting  the  medical  qualities  ftf  the  I.  macro- 
rhiza,  ^  ich.  has  been  derived  from  actual  experiment.  Six  drams  of 
the  pulvcrixcd  ro»)t  has  beeii  given  uruK^r  my  notice,  without  producing 
any  cathartic  eftect.  1  have  also  subjected  the  dricMl  root  to  the  test 
of  cheiiiical  analysis,  and  fimnd  it  ti»  contain  no  resin  (in  which  the 
active  powers  of  the  ofhcinal  Jalap  reside.'"),  or  so  small  a  rpiantity  as 
not  to  nrevent  its  being  used  as  an  article  (d  diet.  It  contains  a  greaf 
deal  of  saccharine,  along  with  a  consideral>le  quantity  of  farinaceous 
matter.  It  is  probablv  not  more  cathartic  than  the  C  Batatas,  nor 
contains  more  resin.     Negroes  1  have  been  informed  bometimoe  eat 


254  PENTANDJtiA   MONOGYNIA, 


Leaves  cordate,  entire 
or  lobed,  and  pandurse. 
form  ;  calyx  smooth. 


8.  Panduratus. 

C.  foliis  cordatis,  inte- 
gris  lobatisve,  panduree- 
formibus ;  calycibus  Isevi- 
bus.     Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  850. 

Walt.  p.  93. 

Mich.  I.  p.  135.     Pursh,  1.  p.  144. 

Eoot  perennial,  large,  penetrating  several  feet  into  the  earth.  Stem 
terete,  the  young  branches  pubescent,  the  oI<J  nearly  smooth.  Leaves 
sometimes  3  lobed,  entire,  niucronate,  pubescent,  uudernejith  slightly 
glaucous  ;  petioles  2  inches  long.  Peduncles  and  calyx  lactescent ; 
peduncles  1 — 2  inehes  long,  1 — 5  flowered,  furnished  witli  2  small 
stipules.  Corolla  large,  the  border  slightly  lobed,  white,  with  a  pur- 
ple tube.  Filaments  very  villous  at  base.  (S7f^ma  just  cloven  intw(v 
globose,  white. 

Grows  in  dry,  shaded  soils. 

Flowers  May — August. 

The  root  is  bitterish  and  somewhat  astringent  to  the  taste,  it  con- 
tains some  resin,  and  certainly  possesses  some  cathartic  power,  but 
probably  in  too  slight  a  degree  to  bring  it  into  use  as  a  substitute 
for  Jalap  as  has  been  proposed. 

In  the  form  of  infusion  or  decoction  it  is  said  to  be  very  service- 
able in  gravel.    Barton's  Collections,  Part  II,  p.  49. 

Wild  potato-vine. 


9.  Sagittifolius.     Mich. 


C.  foliis  sagittatis,  au- 
riculis  longis,  acutis  ; 
caiile  volubili ;  peduncu- 
lis  unifloris.     E. 


Leaves  sagittate,  with 
the  auricles  long,  acute  ; 
stem  twining ;  peduncles 
1  flowered. 


Mich.  1.  p.  138.     Pursh,  l.p.  144. 
C.  speciosus,  Walt.  p.  93. 

Boot  perennial.  Stem  glabrous,  terete,  twining  around  humblo 
shrubs,  sometimes  prostrate.  Leaves  glabrous,  entire  ;  auricles  long, 
diverging,  acute  ;  petioles  1 — 2  inches  long.  Flowers  axillary,  soli- 
tary ',  peduncles  about  an  inch  long,  furnished  with  2  small  bracteas. 
Curv  la  large,  purple.  Filaments  unequal,  very  villous  at  base,  not 
half  as  long  as  the  corolla.  Jlnthers  white.  Style  longer  than  the 
stamens,  2  cleft.  Stigmas  2,  globose,  white.  Capsule  2 — 3  valved, 
2  celled. 

Very  near  to  C.  Wheleri ;  Linnteus  under  that  species,  and  Michaux 
under  his  Sagittifolius  both  refer  to  the  same  figure  in  Plukenet, 
Aim.  t.   85.  f.  3.     Catesby,  vol.  1.  pi.  35.  represents  this  species. 

Grows  along  the  margins  of  salt  water,  among  rushes  and  saline 
plants. 

Flowers  through  the  whole  summer. 


FHNTAITDRIA   MdNOGTNIA< 


2^& 


i(3.  CATEsnEiANVs.     Piirsli. 


C.  volul)ilis,  tomento- 
dus  ;  foliis  ohl()n«j;is,  sa2;it- 
tatis,  acuminatis ;  pcduri- 
tulis  uninoris,  foliis  brc- 
vioribiis  ;  r)ra('teis  ovali- 
.bus,  obtusis,  calycc  loii^i- 


Twinins;,  tomcntose ; 
leaves  obloiii^,  sngittate, 
acuminate  ;  peduncles  1 
flowered,  shorter  than 
tlie  leavj's;  hracteas  oval, 
obtuse,  longer  than  the 
calvx. 


oribus. 

Calfstegia  Catesbciana,  Pursh,  2.  729. 
Flowers  large,  purple. 

Described  by  Piirsli  from  Rpf'cimens  in  t!  e  Herbarium  of  Sherard  j 
*)llected  by  Catesby  in  Carolina. 


11.  Paradoxus.     Pursh. 


C.  humifusus,  tomcii- 
tosus;  foliis  ohlongis,  cor- 
dato-sagittatis,  acutis  ; 
pcduiiculis  unilloris,  folio 
longiorious ;  bracteis  a 
flore  remotis,  linearibus  { 
calycibus  nudis,  glabris, 
acuminatis. 


Prostrate,  tomentose  ; 
leaves  oblong,  cordate 
sagittate,  acute  ;  pedun- 
cles 1  flowered,  longer 
than  the  leaves  ;  bractcas 
linear,  remote  from  the 
flowers;  calyx  naked, gla- 
brous, acuminate. 


Calystegia  paradoxa,  Pursh,  2,  p.  729. 


Flowers  large,  white. 


I  have  inserted  this  species,  which  has  beiMi  described  by  PursU 
fi-om  specimens  in  Sher:ird\s  Herbarium,  althougli  it  is  uncertain 
whether  tliey  are  collected  in  Virginia  or  Carolina. 


12.  Repens. 

C.  foliis  sagittatis,  pos- 
tice  obtusis  ;  caule  volu- 
bili ;  pedunculis  uniiloris. 
E. 


Leaves  sagittate,  the 
auiicles  obtuse ;  stem 
twilling  ;  peduncles  1 
tlowcr-^d. 


Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  874.     Walt.  p.  93.     Midi.  1.  p.  137. 
Calystcgia  scpium,  Pursh,  I.  p.  142. 

Stem  perennial  ?  Stem  twining;  arouiul  shrubs  and  rushes,  sometimes 
slightly  angled,  pubescent.  Leaves  very  entire,  pubescent  ;  the  auri- 
•^Ics  some^mc^  truncate  ;  petioles  3 — I  inches  long,     //oit-ers  axilla- 


^56  JPENTANDRTA  MONOGYNIA. 

rv,  solitary  ;  peduncles  about  3  inches  lonz,  thickened  upwardl-,  pti> 
bescent.  Bracteas  2  at  the  base  of  the  calyx,  cordate  ovato,  acumi-. 
nate,  Ioniser  than  the  calyx.  Corolla  white,  tinged  with  rose  Cf)lour, 
the  tube  lonjr,  the  border  obscurely  4  lobed,  with  the  lobes  oinarj;inate. 
Filaments  equal,  shorter  than  the  corolla,  hairy  at  base.  Germ  gla- 
brous. Sfi/  e  longer  than  the  stamens,  slightly  2  cleft.  Stigmas  2g 
n-Iobose,  white.     Capsule  3  valved,  3  celled. 

Pursh  mentions  on  the  authority  of  R.  Brown,  that  the  C.  sepium 
and  repens  of  Linnaeus  are  th    same. 

Grows  in  swamps  and  marshes  near  the  mouths  of  fresh  water  rivers. 

Flowers  April — May. 

***  piorihus  aggvegatis.  |  ***  Flowers  clustered. 
13.  Tamnifolius. 


C.  foliis  cordatis,  acu- 
miriatis,  pilosis  ;  floribus 


Leaves  cordate,  acu- 
minate, hairy  ;  flowei-s 
clustered. 


aggregalis. 

Ipomcea  Tamnifolia,  Sp.  pi.  1.  p. 

Jtoot  annual.  Stem  twining,  around  small  shrubs,  terete,  muri- 
cate,  hairy.  Leaves  slight'v  undulate,  entire,  glabrous  on  the 
upper  surface,  Avith  the  margins  hairy  ;  the  veins  underneath  muri- 
cate  ;  petioles  2 — 4  inches  long.  Flowers  in  cai<itate,  dichotomous 
clusters,  16 — 18  flowered  ;  common  peduncles  2 — 4  inches  long,  nui- 
ricate,  hairy.  Bracteas  10 — 12  leaves  at  the  base  of  each  head,  of 
which  the  two  exterior  are  large.  Leaves  of  the  calyx  acute,  verj 
villous.  Corolla  campanu  ate,  small,  scarcely  longer  than  the  calyx, 
5  toothed,  blue.  Filaments  unequal,  half  as  long  as  the  corolla. 
Style  as  long  as  the  stamens,  slightly  2  cleft.  Stigmas  2,  globose. 
Capsule  almost  4  angled,  2  celled,  clothed  with  the  calyx.  Seeds  2 
in  each  cell. 

Grows  in  cultivated  high  lands.  Paris  Island.  Augusta,  Georgia, 
Mr.  Squibb. 

Flowers  August — October. 

I  have  found  it  impossible  to  mark  by  anj^  certain  characters  the 
limits  which  separate  the  genus  Convolvulus  from  the  Ipomcea.  The 
transition  from  the  globosp,  undivided  stigma,  to  the  deeply  cloven 
style,  is  so  gradual  in  dilFerent  species,  as  to  render  it  difficult  to 
determine  the  termination  of  one  genus,  and  the  commencement  of 
the  other.  \,i  we  confijie  the  Convolvulus  to  those  plants  which  have 
oblong,  thickened  stigmas,  all  of  our  species  must  be  transferred  to 
Ipomcea. 

I  have  for  the  present  transferred  to  the  Ipomcea  all  the  species 
with  stigmas  undivided,  although  sometimes  furrowed,  and  retained 
in  Convolvulus  tlutse  with  two  distinct  stigmas.  This  arrangement^ 
which  is  by  no  means  satisfactory,  has  caused  the  removal  of  I.  lam- 
nifolia  and  macrorhiza  to  Convolvulus ;  and  of  C.  Carolinus  to  Ipo- 


PENTANDRTV  MONOGA'NlA. 


s.r 


IPOMn:V.     Gen.  pl.  288. 


Cor  oil  n  i  n  f 111  u  1  i  I )  u  1  i  t  b  r- 
mis.       Stigma    capitato- 
G;loI)osum.       Capsiila    3 
lociilaris. 

i.  Okbtcularis.     E. 

I.  foliis  orl)icuIatis,  e- 
mars;inatis,  venosis,  ,i;la- 
bris ;  pccUiuculis  subtri- 
iloiis ;  corolla  purpurea, 
tul)o  brevi ;  caulc  pros- 
trato.     E. 


Corolla  funnel  phaped. 
Sfiirwn  cai)itatc  globose. 
Capsule  3  celled. 


Leaves  circular,  cmar- 
a;inate,  stronj^ly  veined, 
gIal)rous:  peduncles  gen- 
erally 3  Hoovered;  corol- 
la purple,  witb  a  sboit 
tube  ;  stem  prostrate. 


Stem  prostrate,  slisihtly  rous;!icne(l.  Leaves  2 — 3  inches  long,  cir- 
cular, S(»nictiines  nearly  renilnrm,  coriaceous,  (perhaps  succulent"); 
petioles  '2 — 3  inches  long.  I'edintcles  as  long  as  tlie  petioles;  partial 
peduncles  1 — '2  inches  long,  all  furnished  with  bracteas.  Leaves  of 
the  cali/.v  ovate,  slightly  mucronatc.     Corolla  large;  tube  short. 

This  plant  has  been  considered  by  many  as  the  I.  bona  nox  of  Lin- 
na^is;  it  may  perhaps  vary,  but  many  specimens  which  I  have  receiv* 
ed  from  difierent  persons  agree  with  each  other  so  much  in  general 
character  and  appearance,  and  ditfor  so  widely  from  the  fio-ures  to 
which  wc  are  referred  for  the  I.  bona  nox  in  the  Species  Plantarum, 
that  it  appeared  to  n»e  most  adviseable  to  fiirm  of  it  a  distinct  species. 

Grows  on  t!ie  saiuls  hills  along  the  sea  shore  on  Cumberland  Island, 
Georgia. 

Flowers  throush  the  summer. 


2.  Bona  Nox. 

1.  glal)errinia  ;  foliis 
cordatis,  integris  sen  an- 
gulatis  ;  pedunculis  1 — 3 
lloris :  calycibus  aristatis; 
coroUis  iiidivisis,  tubo 
longissimo.     Pursh,  l,p. 

14.3. 

S...  pl.  1.  p.  88-2.     Sloan's  .Tamaica,   I.t  %.  f.  1.     Rot.  Mag.  752. 

Stem  prostrate,  roughened,  sometimes  prickly.  Leaves  cordate, 
more  or  less  angled,  with  along  acumifiatioii.     C'oro//«  large,  white. 

Grows  along  the  margins  of  rivers  iti  Carolina  and  Florida.  Pursh. 
I  doubt  much  whether  this  |)lant  lias  been  found  to  the  north  of  Flori- 
da.    "Die  preceding  lias  probably  been  mistakcu  for  it. 

Flowers  July — August. 


Very  gla])rous ;  leaves 
cordate,  entire  or  angled  ; 
peduncles  i — 3  lower- 
ed ;  calvx  awned  ;  corol- 
la un(li\i(led,  with  the 
tul)c  very  long. 


S58 


iraVTANDRlA  MONOOYNlAe 


3.    COCCINEA. 

I.  foliis  cordatis,  acu- 
minatis,  basi  angulatis ; 
pedunculis  inultifloris. 
Sp.  pi  1.  p.  880. 

Walt.  p.  97.     Mich.  1.  p.  140. 


Leaves  cordate,  acumi- 
nate, angled  at  base  ; 
peduncles  many  flower- 
ed. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  145. 


Root  annual.  Stem  twining,  climbing  over  small  shrubs.  Leaves 
alternate,  on  petioles  1 — 2  inclies  long.  Peduncles  as  long  as  the  pe- 
ti3les,  3 — 5  flowered.  Calyx  awned.  Coralla  hypocraterifoi  m,  scar- 
let, the  plaits  of  a  paler  colour,  the  margins  nearly  entire. 

Rare  along  the  sea  cost,  very  common  in  the  middle  country  (Dr. 
Macbride),  preferring  damp,  rich  soils  j  in  the  corn  fields  in  St.  Johns 
verv  common. 

Flowers  through  the  summero 


4.  Trichocarp^. 

I.  foliis  cordatis,  inte- 
gris  trilobisque,  villosis  ; 
caiycibus  ciliatis  ;  capsu- 
iis  hii'sutis  ;  pedunculis 
Sub-bifloris. 


Leaves  entire,  cordate 
and  3  lobed,  villous  ;  ca- 
lyx ciliate  ;  capsules  hai- 
ry ;  peduncles  generally 
2  flowered. 


Mich.  1.  p.   139. 

Walt.  p.  93. 

I.  Carolina,  Pursh,  I.  p.  145. 

Convolvulus  Carolinus,  Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  851. 

Dill.  Hort.  Eltham.  t.  84.  f.  98. 

Boot  annual.  Stem  twining,  climbing  over  small  shrubs,  slightly 
angled,  somewhat  roui2;h,  hairy,  Le.:ves  wlien  young  generally  cor- 
date, the  old  deeply  3  lobed,  with  the  lobes  acuminate  and  angled  near 
the  base,  the  margins  frequently  coloured  (purple)  ;  petioles  1 — 2 
inches  long.  Feduncles  as  long  as  the  petioles,  1 — 3  flowered.  Brac- 
teas  2  at  each  division  of  the  peduncle,  linear  lanceolate,  acuminate, 
hairy,  3 — 5  lines  long.  Leaves  of  tlie  caly.v  oblong,  acuminate,  cili- 
ate, slightly  hairy,  not  longer  than  the  mature  capsule.  Corolla  pir- 
ple,  sometimes  pink,  pubescent  on  the  inside  near  the  base.  Fik' 
ments  alittle  shorter  than  the  corolla,  pubescent  at  base,  white.  An- 
thers purple.  Germ  villous.  Style  as  long  as  the  stamens.  Stigma 
globose,  undivided.  Capsule  hairy,  4  celled,  4  valved  ;  the  trans- 
verse dissepiments  extending  to  the  circumference  of  the  capsule. 
Seed  one  in  each  cell. 

Grows  in  dry  cultivated  lands,  very  common. 

Flowers  July — October. 


PENTANDRIA   MONOGYNY^. 


959 


Hirsute ;  leaves  cor- 
date, 3  lolled ;  peduncles 
slioit,  1 — 3  Howered  ; 
calyx  very  villous,  muri- 
cute,  poiiueth 


5.  Nil. 

I.  hirsuta;  folii«  cordatis, 
trilohis  ;  peduiiculis  hre- 
vi!)us,  1 — 8tl()iis;  calyci- 
l)us  villosissimis,  niurica- 
tis,  lonpjissinc  acuininatis. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  140. 

Convolvulus  nil,  Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  851.     Mich.  1.  p.  139, 

Enot  annual.  St''in  twininjj,  hairy,  climbins;  over  small  shrubs. 
Leaves  corii'dte^  acuminate,  tlie  old  3  lobcd.  Feduncles  hhorter  tha.n 
tiie  petiole,  1 — ;3  flmvereil.  Segments  of  the  caly.v  subuhite,  lon^. 
Corolla  funnel  shaped,  white  at  l»ase,  blue  towards  the  margin  ;  the 
border  obscurely  5  angled.  Uti^ma  undivided,  globose.  Capbult 
glabrous. 

Thisplant  has  been  considered  by  some  of  our  best  botanists  as  the 
Ipomoea  lacunosa,  but  it  a2;rees  exactly  witli  the  fiijure  in  Dill.  Hort. 
Eltli.  t.  80.  f.  9:2.  referred  to  as  the  C.  nil,  by  Lin.  wliilc  it  has  no 
resemblance  to  f.  102,  t.  87.  which  is  quoted  under  Ipomoea  latu- 
nosa. 

Grows  in  dry  cultivated  n;round.     Very  common. 

Flowers  August — October. 


6.  Lacunosa. 

I.  glabra :  foliis  corda- 
tis, acuminatis,  hasi  an- 
gulatis  ;  pedunculis  brc- 
vibus,  subunifloris ;  caly- 
cil)s  pilosis  ;  corollis  tu- 
bulosis,  brevibus;  capsu- 
lis  pilosis.  Pursh,  l.  p. 
14j. 

Sp.  pi.   1.  p.  881.     Mich.  1. 

Floicent  white,  with  a  purple 
Grows  in  Carolina    Mich.     I 
plant  resemhliiis;  the  fiicjure  Dill 
by  Linnaeus  as  his  1.  lacunosa. 


Glabrous;  leaves  cor- 
date, acuminate,  an'j^led 
at  base  ;  peduncles  short, 
generally  1  flowered ; 
calyx  hairy ;  cor(;lla  tu-* 
bular,  siiort ;  capsule 
haiiy. 

140. 


have  never  seen  in  this  conntrv  anj 
.  Hurt.  Elth.  t.  87.  f.  102.  referred  tQ 


7.    DlSSECPA. 

1.  caulp  petiolispedun- 
culisfjue  pilo^^i.--iInis;   i'o- 


liibglabris,  7  partilu-loba-     leaves  ijlabrous,  7  lobed, 


Stem  with  petioles  anci 
ncduiules     >erv     hairy  ; 


S60 


PENTANDRIA    MONOG\NIA. 


•,   1, 


tis,  laciniis  sinuatis  ;  ped- 

unculis  unifloris  ;  laciniis 

calycis  ovalibus ;  corollis 

campanulatis.     Pursh 

p.    145. 

Convolvulus  dissectus,  Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  864.     Mich  1.  p.  139 

,     Grows  in  calcareous  soils,  Georgia  and  Florida.    Pursli. 
Flowers  July. 


the  segments  sinuate ; 
peduncles  l  flowered  ; 
segments  of  the  calvx 
oval ;  corolla  campanu- 
late. 


8.  Carolina. 

I.  foliis  digitatis ;  foli- 
olis  petiolatis  ;  peduncu- 
lis  unifloris.  Sp.  pi.  i.  p. 
880. 


Leaves  digitate  ; 
lets  on  petioles  ; 
uncles  1  flowered. 


Gates.  Car.  vol.  2. 


19.  t.  19. 


leaf. 
ped- 


From  the  name  of  this  plant  Linneeus  appears  to  have  considered  it 
as  a  native  of  Carolina  :  it  is  also  inserted  in  Muhlenberg's  Cata- 
logue, but  I  doubt  whether  it  has  ever  been  found  in  South-Carolina 
or  Georgia.  Catesby  says  expressly  that  it  inhabits  the  Bahama 
islands. 

Stem  twining.  Leaflets  linear-lanceolate,  5  to  T  composing  each 
leal.     Corolla  funnel  shaped,  blue. 


CANTIJA.  Jlss.  Gi-N.  pl.  i:>2. 


Calyx  3 — 5  fidus.  Co- 
rolla infundibuliformis. 
Stigma  trilidum.  Capsu- 
la  supera,  3-locularis,  3- 
valvis,  polyspeima.  Se- 
mma  alata. 


Calyx  3 — ^  cleft.  Co- 
rolla  1  u n n el  sh ape  d .  Stig- 
ma  3  cleft.  Capsule  su- 
perior, 3  celled,  3  valved 


many     seeded. 
win2;edo 


Seeds 


I.    CORONOPIFOLIA.       WUld. 


C.  foliis  pinnatilidis ; 
floribus  terminalibus,  ped- 
iinculatis,laxe  racemosis ; 
corolla  calyce  tiiplo  lon- 
giore. 

bp.  pl.  1.  p.  879.     Pursh,  1.  p 


Leaves  pinnatifid ;  flow- 
ers terminal,  on  pedun- 
cles, in  loose  racemes  ; 
corolla  thrice  as  long  as 
the  calyx. 

147. 


Ijiomopsis  ele^aas,  Mich  1.  p.  142.    Hoit.  Kcw.  1.  p. 


PENTANDIUA    MONOGYNIA. 


1t6i 


Root  fibrous,  biennial  ?  Stnn'i — 3  feet  l»i;;h,  pubescent  Leaves  scs- 
3ili',  .somewhat  fasciculate,  piiinatiful  ;  se'j;uieiits  linear,  sinoolli,  d.it- 
ted.  fVo/tTrs  in  a  racemose  panicle  ;  tue  branches  sliort,  leafy,  ('a- 
li/.r  tubular,  pubescent :  sei^meuts  subulatf,  as  loni;;  as  the  tube.  Co- 
voVa  bright  reil,  witliin  yellmv,  beantifuilv  dotted  uithreil.  Fila- 
ments unequal,  inserted  near  the  siunmit  of  the  tube,  nearly  as  Ion" 
as  the  corolla.  iS7^/<>  as  lon.;as  the  stainetis.  A»'ij:f »in  spotte«l.  Can- 
sule  oblong,  obtuse,  3  furrowed.     St\"d  anj^ular,  scarc^/y  wiwed. 

Few  plants  are  seen  in  our  s^ardons  of  eijual  iieatitv. 

Grows  in  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina  and  Georgia.  Sent  im 
from  Columbia,  by  Mr.  Ilerbomont.  Found  near  ist.  >lar}s,  by  Dr. 
Baldwin. 

Fluuers  Julv. 


POLEMONIUM.     Gen.  i>l. 


Corolla  5  parted;  tlie 
bottom  closed  with  valves 
bearing  the  stamens. 
Stis^ma  3  cleft.  Capsule 
superior. 


celled, 


Corolla  5-partita;  fun- 
do  clauso  valvis  stamini- 
fcris.  Stis^ma  S-tidum. 
Capsula  3-loculaiis,  su- 
pera. 

i.  Reptans. 

P.  foliispinnatis,  septe- 
nis ;  floribus  terminali- 
bus,  nutantibus.  Sp.  pi. 
1.  p.  886. 

Pursh,  l.p.  151.     Mich.  1.  p.  142. 

Root  perennial,  creepin;;.  Stem  erect,  1 — 2  feet  hi^h,  much  branch- 
ed, glabrous.  Leaves  pinnate  (my  specimens  have  more  fre(|uentlv 
9  and  1 1  than  7  on  a  common  petiole.)  Leaflets  lanceolate,  acute,  en. 
tire.  glal)rous.  Ca/^.r  5  cleft.  Filaments  m\xc\\  shorter  than  the  co- 
rolla, dilated  at  base,  inserted  into  the  tube  of  the  corolla.  Sttjle 
longer  than  the  stamens. 

Gryws  in  the  vallies  of  tiic  mountains. 

Flowers. 


Leaves  pinnate,  gene- 
rally by  sevens ;  flowers 
terminal,  noddiiiff. 


CAMPANULA.     Gen.  pl. 


Corolla  campanulata; 
fundo  clauso  valvis  stami- 
iiiferis.  Stigma  3-ti(lum. 
Capsula  infera,  poiis  latc- 
ralibu5  dehiscens. 


Corolla  canipanulatr; 
the  bottom  closed  with 
valves  bearirvg  the  sta- 
mens. Stigma  3  cleft. 
Capsule  inferior,  opening 
through  lateral  pores. 


S69 


PENTANDMA    MONOGYNIA. 


i.  Amplexicaulis.     Mich. 


C.  caiile  simplici;  fo- 
liis  conlatis,  dentatis,  am- 
plexicaulibus ;  floribus 
sessililms,  aggrcgalis, 

Mich.  1.  p.  108. 

C.  perfoliata,  Sp.  pi.  1.  9t5. 

— Walt.  p.  100. 


Stem  simple  ;  leaves 
cordate,  toothed,  amplex- 
icaule ;  flowers  sessile, 
clustered. 


Pursh,  1.  p.  160. 

jRooi  annual,  somewhat  fusiform.  Stem  6 — 12  inches  high,  gene- 
rally simple,  erect,  5  angled,  the  angles  retrorsely  aculeate.  Leaves 
sessile,  pubescent,  7iever  perfoliate,  closely  embracing  the  stem. 
Flowers  1 — 5  in  the  bosom  of  eacli  leaf.  Calyx  1  h  aveil,  persistent, 
5  parted,  sometimes  3 — 4  ;  segments  lanceolate,  acute,  mucronate, 
sparingly  ciliate.  Corolla  1  petalled,  inserted  into  the  summit  of  the 
germ,  purple  ;  the  border  5  cleft,  segments  acute.  Filaments  about 
half  the  length  of  the  corolla,  dilated  at  base  and  closing  the  base  of 
the  corolla.  Anthers  erect,  2  lobed,  pale  purple.  Germ  inferior,  ob- 
long, angled.  Style  filiform,  longer  than  the  stamens,  pubescent  to- 
wards the  summit.  Capsule  ob\oiv^,  angled,  8  celled,  crowned  with 
the  calyx,  opening  by  3  lateral  valves  ?  Seeds  ovate,  slightly  com- 
pressed, attached  to  a  central  receptacle. 

As  the  leaves  of  this  plant  are  never  perfoliate,  it  appears  to  be  im- 
proper to  retain  the  name  given  it  by  Linnaeus. 

Grows  in  dry  cultivated  ground.    Very  common. 

Flowers  April. 


2.     A.CUMTNATA.       Mich. 

C.  foliis  lanceolatis,  a- 


serratis,    gla- 
fasciculata  ; 


Leaves  lanceolate,  acu- 
minate, serrate,  glabrous ; 
spike  clustered ;  corolla, 
campanulate  rotate. 


cummatis, 

bris  ;    spica 

corollis   campanulato-ro 

tatis.     E. 

Sp.  pi.  I,  p.  899.     Mich.  2.  p.  108.    Pursh,  1.  p.  159. 

'  'Root  perennial.  Stem  erect,  2 — 3  feet  high,  terete,  glabrous.. 
Leaves  remotely  serrate,  attenuate  at  base,  thin,  very  smooth..  Flow- 
frs  generally  by  threes  in  the  axil  of  each  leaf;  peduncles  very  short. 
Corolla  blue.    Stamens  shorter  than  the  corolla.     Style  much  longer. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

Flowers  July — August. 


3  DivARic*T\.     Mich. 
C.      foliis   lanceolatis, 
acutisjgrosse  serralis,  gla- 


Le  a  ves  lanceolate,  acute, 
with  large  serraturcsj  glu- 


PENTANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


263 


hrous  ;   panicle    expand- 
rtowers  noddin! 


»iii5  5 


1J9. 


'o* 


bris  ;  ])aniciilis  patenti- 
bus  ;  noribus  nutantlbus. 
E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  109.    Pursh,  1.  p. 

Stem  croct,  i.  feet  lii2;li,  i;lal)rous.  Lfnvefi  sessile,  the  summit  loni^, 
taperin-^  ai»<l  very  acute  ;  a  clu>ter  of  small  leaves  iti  each  axil.  Pan* 
ii7««  terminal ;  branches  cxpandint;,  sometiines  divancate.  Flowers 
solitary,  small,  with  small  linear  and  subulate  leaves  at  each  divisiua 
ol  the  panicle. 

rollecfed  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina  by  Dr.  Macbride. 

Flowers  September. 


4.    EuiNOIDES. 

C.  caulibus  diffiisis ; 
foliis  lanceoiatis,  decur- 
rentibus.  lineascabra;  Ho- 
ril)us  petlunciilatis,  solita- 
riis.     Sp.  pi.  1 .  p.  1 1 7. 


Stem  diflTused  ;  leaves 
lanceolate,  soniewbatscr* 
rate,  decuiTent,  vvltb  a 
scabrous  line;  flowers  on 
peduncles,  solitarv. 


Bigelow,  p.  54. 

C.  Aparinoides,  Pursh,  8.  p.   109. 

C    flexousa?  Mich.  1.  p.   109.       Pursh,  1.  p.  159. 

Bnnt  perennial?  Stem  12 — 13  inches  hi<2;h,  decumbent,  flexuous. 
angled  by  the  decurrent  leaves,  ano;les  retrorsely  aculeate.  leaves 
small,  lanceolate,  serrate,  with  the  margins  and  midrib  also  retrorsely 
aculeate.  Panicle  distinct.  Flowers  small,  solitary,  terminal,  nod- 
ding. 

This  species  agrees  so  exactly  with  the  description  of  the  C.  Erinoi- 
dcs  of  LincEus,  that  I  strongly  suspect  he  was  misinformed  as  to  the 
native  so  I  of  the  plant,  when  he  recorded  it  as  an  African  species.  If 
his  C.  Krinoides  came  really  from  Africa  I  have  no  doubt  but  this  plant 
is  a  distinct  species. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  South-Carolina  and  Georgia. 

Flowers  August, 


SAMOLUS.  Gen.  pl. 


Corolla  hypocraterifor- 
mis.  Stamina  iiiunita 
squamis  corolla?.  Capsu- 
la  l-loculai'is,  iiifera. 

1.  Valerandi.     Sp.  p 


Corolla  hypocrateri. 
form.  Stamens  p;uarded 
by  tbe  scales  of  tbe  co. 
roll  a.  Capsule  i  celled, 
inferior. 
1.  p.  9^7. 


264 


PENTANDRTA  MONOGYNIA. 


5oof  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  8 — 12  indies  high,  generally  sim- 
p!e.  /.farei.  obovate,  obtuse,  entire,  tapering  at  base  to  a  footstalk 
nearly  an  inch  long.  Flowers  in  a  terminal,  loose  raceme.  Feclundea 
about  an  inch  long.     Flowers  small,  white. 

Grows  in  bogs  and  wet  places. 

Flowers  through  the  summer. 


LOBELIA.     Gen.  pl. 


^  Calyx  5-fidus.  Corol- 
la i-petala,  irregiilaiis. 
Jlntherce  cohjcrentes. 
Capmla  infera,  2 — 3  lo- 
culaiis. 

1.  Kai.mii. 

L.  caule  erecto,  graci- 
li;  Ibliis  radicalihus  spa- 
tliiilato-ovatis,  caiilinis  li- 
nearihus,  sulnntegris ;  ra- 
cerno  tcrminali,  spaisi- 
floro.     E. 

Sp.pl.  l.p.OSO.    Walt.  p.  21 8. 


Calyx  5  cleft.  Co7'ol- 
la  1  petalled.  irregular. 
Ahthers  cohciing,  and 
forming  a  tube.  Capsule 
inferior,  ^ — 3  celled. 


Stem  erect,  slender ; 
root  leaves  spathulate, 
ovate,  stem  leaves  linear, 
nearly  entire ;  raceme 
terminal,  with  tiie  ilowers 
scatteied.  ♦ 

Mich.  2.  p.  153.     Pursh,2.p.  446. 


^f)of  perennial.  Stem  ^ — 2  feet  high,  very  slender,  ^i^m  leaves 
small,  linear,  nearly  subulate  ;  radical  leaves  spathulate,  ovate,  some- 
times nearly  orbiculaie,  pubescent.  Floxvers  small,  attenuate,  remote, 
on  peduncles  3 — 4  lines  long.  r'a/?,w  small,  tube  cup-shaped  ;  bor- 
c  er  4  cleft;  segments  subulate,  longer  than  the  tube.  Corolla  1  pe- 
talled, irregular,  pale  blue,  tube  split  on  the  upper  side  to  the  base; 
border  3  cleft,  the  two  lateral  segments  subulate,  retlexed,  the  middle 
segment  larger,  3  cleft,  with  th.e  middle  division  again  the  largest :  all 
ovate,  acute.  Filnmevts  linear,  pubescent,  with  the  corolla  generally 
inserted  into  the  cal\  x,  continuing  to  the  base  of  the  germ.  Jinthers 
cohering  into  a  tube^  incurved,  pale  blue,  at  tiic  summit  very  villous, 
openiiT^  along  th'^  inner  surface.  Germ  superior,  ovate.  Strjle  fili- 
form, as  long  as  tl.e  stamens.  Stigma  compiesseil,  villous.  Capsule 
2  valved,  2  celled,  surrouiuled  by  the  persistent  calyx.  Seed  numa- 
roiis,  ovate,  attachtd  to  a  central  receptacle. 

(iiows  in  damp,  poor  soils. 

Flowers  Mav — Aii'nist. 


HENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


S05 


2.  Pallida.     Muhl.  Cat 


L.  caule  s^racili ;  tbliis 
longe-cuneato  lanceolatis, 
glabris,  subundulatis,  in- 
teriorihus  obtusis ;  race- 
mo  paucirtoro,     K. 


Stem  slender;  leaves 
long;,  wedge  shaped  at 
base,  lanceolate,  glabrous, 
slightly  waved,  the  lower 
obtuse;  raceme  few  flow- 
ered. 

.^tem  12 — 18  intheeJ  high,  slender,  glabrous,  slightly  angled.  Leaves 
sn\all,  remote,  lanceolate,  denticulate,  very  smooth,  the  tapering  base 
.•f  the  lower  leaves  nearly  2  inches  long.  Flowers  remv)te,on  slender 
peduncles.  Caly.v  very  small.  Corolla  small,  pale  blue.  .Anthers 
projecting  beyond  the  tube  ol  the  corolla,  pale  blue. 

This  species,  thougli  not  noticed  except  by  Dr.  Muhlenberg,  ap- 
pears to  be  widely  diffused.  I  have  specimens  from  Pennsylvania; 
from  Tennessee,  collected  by  Mr.  Jackson  ;  from  tlie  low  country  of 
Carolina  ;  and  from  St.  Mary's,  Georgia,  collected  by  Dr.  Baldwin'. 
This  last  however  differs  in  having  its  steins  nearly  naked,  and  its 
cDrolla  wliite. 

Grows  in  damp  soils. 


Flowers  through  the  summer. 


3.  Claytojjiana.     Mich. 


L.  ca^le  erecto,  pubes 
centc  ;  fbliis  oblongis,  ob- 
tusis,  serrulatis 


;  race  mo 


virgato,  confertifloro.    E. 


Stem  erect,  pubescent; 
leaves    oblons:,     obtuse, 


oblong, 
serrulate 
gate;  flowei*s  crowded. 


Mich.  C.  p.  153.     Porsh,  -2.  p.  447. 

Stem  li! — 18  inches  high.  Leaves  sessile,  finely  serrulate,  (the 
root  leaves  entire.  Pursh.)  Spike  crowded.  Flowen  small,  on  short 
peduncles,  pale  blue.  Stamens  rather  longer  than  the  4ube  of  the 
corolla.     Tube  of  the  calyjc  very  small. 

Grows  near  Columbia.     Mr.  Herbcmont. 

Flowers  July — September. 


4.  Glandulos  v. 

L.  caule  erecto :  foliis 
lineari-lanceolatis,  crassi- 
usculis,  denticulatis  ;  la- 
tiniis  calycis  denticulatis  ; 
tloribus  racemosis.     E. 


Stem  erect;  leaves  linear 
lanceolate,  rather  thick, 
denticulate  ;  segments 
ot  the  calyx  denticulate ; 
flowers  in  racemes. 


Walt.  p.  2!  8.     Pursh,  2.  p.  447. 
L.  cra-siu3cula,   Mich.  2.  p.  152. 

1  2 


S66 


PENTANDRIA    MONOGYNlA. 


Root  fibrous,  perennial.  Stem  erect,  about  2  feet  high,  glabrousy 
leaty  near  the  base.  Leaves  sessile,  slightly  aiiiplexicaule,  sparingly 
ciliate  at  base.  jRaceines  few  flowered  :  a  short  leaf  at  the  base  of 
each  peduncle,  linear  lanceolate,  dentate;  peduncles  2>-^3  lines  long, 
hairy.  Tube  of  the  ca/j/or  liairy  ;  segments  den tate»  Two  stipules 
at  the  base  of  each  peduncle,  terminating  with  a  gland.  Corolla  blue 
the  border  hairy.     Filaments  shorter  than  the  corolla. 

Grows  in  damp  pine  barrens. 

Flowers  September — October. 


5.  Inflate. 

L.  caule  erecto,  liirsiito ; 
foliis  ovali-lanceolatis, 
serratis,  Iiirsutis  ;  racemis 
subpaniculatis  ;  capsulis 
inflatis.     E. 

Sp.pl.  1.  p.  946.    Walt,  p.  218. 


Stem  erect,  hirsute ; 
leaves  oval  lanceolate, 
serrate,  hirsute ;  racemes 
somewhat  paniculate  ; 
capsukis  inflated. 

A3ich.  2.  p.  152.    Pursh,2.  p.  448. 


Root  perennial.  Stem  1—2  feet  hij]!;h,  branching.  Leaves  oblong, 
oval  and  lanceolate, sessile.  Floicers  in  racemes,  numerous:  pedun- 
cles 2 — 5  lines  long.  Cabj.v  inflated,  nerved,  reticulate,  glabrous. 
Corolla  small,  pale  blue.  Stuviens  scarcel}  as  long  as  tlie  tube  of  the 
corolla. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  and  upper  country  of  Carolina  arid  Georgia. 

Flowers  July — September. 

The  leaves  are  acrid  and  stimulatingto  the  mouth,  and  are,  with  the 
rest  of  the  plant,  possessed  of  very  active  properties.  They  may  be  so 
managed  as  to  act  as  an  emetic,  cathartic  and  narcotic,  but  should  be 
used  with  great  caution.  According  to  Dr.  Thatcher  they  promote  per- 
spiration and  expectoration,  and  may  be  employed  in  astlima  with 
much  advantage.  In  Massachusetts,  where  this  plant  as  a  medicine 
has  excited  much  attention,  it  is  usually  given  in  tincture. 


6.  Syphilitica. 

L.  caule  erecto,  hirsu- 
to ;  foliis  ovali-lanceolatis, 
crenulatis  ;  calycibus  hir- 
sutis,  sinubus  reflexis. 
Mich.  2.  p.  1.51. 


Stem  erect,  hirsute ; 
leaves  oval  lanceolate, 
crenulate  ;  calyx  hirsute, 
with  the  margins  reflex- 
eel. 


Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  945.  Pursh,  2.  p.  447. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  erect,  3  feet  high,  angled,  the  lower  part 
nearly  glabrous.  Leaves  large,  sessile,  lanceolate,  crenulate  and  ser- 
rulate, the   lower  becoming  nearly  glabrous.   Raceme  leafy;  ped* 


VENT  ANURIA    MONOCYNIA. 


«6r 


uncles  2 — 3  linoH  l<iii<;.    Calyx  l)i«pi(l.     Corulla  large,  blue.     *intkers 
projectiiij;  beyoml  tlio  tiihc  of  tlu;  cdiolla. 

Grows  ill  the  nioiiiit.iiiH  (it  C'uiulina  and  Georgia. 

Flowers  July — Soptember. 

This  plant  has  bei'ti  con-idorcd  a.s  thf  Indian  rcmody  for  luesvenereot 
but  tiie  regular  prailitionetd  ulio  hav  tried  it  consulcr  it  as  deserving 
no  attention  in  this  point  of  view.  Dr.  liaiton  gives  it  the  character 
ofbrinir  a  diuretic. 


7.  PrBERUf.A.  Mich. 
L.  scriceo-piil)cns :  cuulc 
ciccto  ;  foliis  oI)longo- 
ovalibus,  ol)tusis,  repan- 
do-seriiilatis  ;  calycis  tii- 
1)0  villoso,  siiiubus  rcflcx- 


is. 


Mich.  2.  p.  152. 


Clotlietl  with  silky 
down ;  stem  erect;  leaves 
oblong  oval,  obtuse,  re- 
panel  serrulate  ;  tube  of 
the  calyx  villous,  with 
the  margin  reflexed. 


Jioot  perennial.  Stem  2  feet  hiiih,  sliyjhtlv angled.  Leaven  sessile,  th« 
lower  obovate,  the  upper  lancecdate,  finely  serrulate,  and  possessing  a 
silky  lustre.  Peduncles  2 — J  lines  loni;,  turning  all  to  one  side,  bent^in 
the  middle.  Tube  of  the  cali/.v  short,  villous,  the  segments  la:iceo- 
late,  ciliate,  three  times  as  lonj;  as  the  tube.  Corolla  bright  blue. 
Stamens  add  style  as  in  the  preceding  species. 

This  species  is  vtry  nearly  allied  to  the  preceding.  It  is  however  la 
all  its  parts,  but  jjarticularly  in  itscondia  smaller;  its  calvx  is  less  his- 
pid, its  lower  leaves  obtuse,  and  its  stamens  nearly  enclosed,  while  in 
the  L.  syphilitica  they  are  longer  than  the  tube  of  the  corolla. 

Varies  ;  a.  glabella  ;  witli  a  stem  12 — 18  inches  high,  very  smooth; 
leaves  linear  lanceolate,  obscurely  denticulate  ;  margins  of  the  calvx 
slightly  rei1e\ed.  Seems  to  be  an  intermediate  plant  belweeu  tliis 
species  and  L.  gjandulosa. 

Grows  in  damp  soils.  Very  common.  Var.  glabella  in  Chatham 
county,  Georgia. 

Flowers  September — October. 


8.  Amcena.     Micli. 

L.  caulc  erccto,  pubes- 
cente  ;  foliis  luto-laucco- 
latis,  duplicato-dentatis  ; 
spica  secunda  ;  calycis 
sinubus  erectis.     E. 

Midi.  2.  p.  1.53. 
L.  syphilitica,  Walt.  p.  218. 
f 


Stem  erect,  pubescent; 
loaves  bioad  lanceolate, 
(loul)ly  toothed  ;  spike 
secund  ;  margin  of  the 
calyx  erect. 

Pur»h,  2.  p.  447  P 


»&s 


PENTANDRIA  MONO6YN1A, 


Root  perennial.  Stem  erect,  simple,  2—4  feet  high,  slightly  angled 
near  the  summit,  pubescent,  marked  by  the  decurrent  leaves.  Leaves 
sessile,  sometimes  incised,  pubescent,  silky  and  dark  green  on  the  up- 
per surface,  paler  below.  Racemes  leafy ;  peduncles  3  lines  lon^,  all 
turnini.,  to  one  side.  Tube  of  the  calyx  10  nerved,  and  the  margin 
firm  as  if  bordered  by  a  nerve  ;  segments  subulate,  3  or  4  times  as 
long  as  tlie  tube.  Corolla  bright  blue.  Filaments  white,  as  long  as 
the  tube  of  the  corolla.  Anthem  blue.  Style  as  long  as  the  stamens. 
Stigma  conapressed,  gaping  ?  hairy  at  base. 

Grows  in  damp  soils,  ditches,  &o.    Common. 

Flowers  September— October, 


9,  Cardinalis. 

L.  caule  erecto  ;  foliis         Stem    erect  ;    leaves 

lato-lanceolatis,  serralis  ;  broad  lanceolate,  serrate ; 

spica  terminali,  seciinda  :  spike  terminal,  secund  ; 

staminibus  corolla  longi-  stamens  longer  than  the 

Gribus.  corolla. 

Sp.pl.  1.  p.  944.    Mich.  1.  p.  151.    Walt.  p.  218.    Pursh,  2.  p.  448. 

Root  perennial.  St^m  2 — 3  feet  high,  terete,  simple,  pubescent  to- 
wards the  summit.  Leaves  glabrous,  tapering  at  base,  and  sprinkled 
Vi'ith  hairs.  Peduncles  6^8  lines  long,  with  a  leaf  at  the  base  of 
each.  Tube  of  the  calyx  glabrous,  slightly  angled  by  elevated  nerves  jr 
segments  subulate,  twice  as  long  as  the  tube.  Corolla  bright  scarlet. 
FUaments  scarlet.  Anthers  sky  blue.  Style  shorter  than  the  stamens. 
Stigma  compressed,  hairy  at  base. 

This  is  one  of  the  most  splendid  plants  of  our  counti-y,  and  when 
flowering  freely  and  luxuriantly,  possesses  singular  beauty.  As  it 
is  a  native  of  the  wettest  soil,  it  requires,  when  in  a  garden,  to  be 
freely  watered  during  the  whole  period  of  its  growth,  unless  shaded 
bj  trees. 

Inhabits  swamps  and  rich  damp  soils. 

Flowers  August — September.  Cardinal  flower. 

This  plant  is  used,  according  to  Dr.  Barton,  by  the  Indians  for  dc* 
stroying  worms  in  children.  ' 


PINCKNEYA.     Mich. 


Capsula  2-locularis, 
valvis  medio  septiferis. 
Corolla  tubulosa.  Calyx 
laciniis  i — 2  bractesefor- 
mibus.      FUamenta  basi 


Capsule  2  celled,  bear- 
ing the  partition  in  the 
middle  of  the  valves .  Co- 
rolla  tubular.  Calyx  with 
1  or  S  segments  resem- 


T»liNTANDRlA    MONOGYNUv 


5^69 


tubi  insei'ta.      Semina  a- 
lata. 

1.    PUBENS. 


blirij^  l)ractea8.  Filaments 
inserted  at  the  base  of  the 
tube.     Seed  winged. 


Mich.  1.  p.  105.  t.  13.     Hort.  Kcw.  1.  p.  IT'?.     Pursh,  I.  p.  158 

A  large  shrub,  15 — 20  feet  high,  with  many  stems  from  each  root; 
branches  brachiate  ;  the  younger  tomentose.  Leaves  opposite,  large, 
lanceolate,  entire,  slightly  acuminate,  shining  on  the  upper  surface 
fliough  sprinkled  with  hairs,  tomentose  on  tlic  lower  ;  petiole  a- 
bout  an  inch  long,  tomentose.  Panicles  terminal  and  axillary, 
composed  of  fascicles  commonly    5    llowered.       Ca(yx    superior,  5 

ftarted,  persistent,  slightly  coloured  ;  segments  sometimes  equal, 
anceolate,  and  acuminate  ;  frequently  one  and  sometimes  two  se^- 
•ments  dilate  into  a  large,  ovate,  veiny,  rose  coloured  leaf;  wh:  n  2  seg- 
ments dilate  they  a'e  never  equal  in  size.  Corolla  tubular ;  the  tube  of 
an  obscure  green  colour,  tomentose  ;  border  5  parted  ;  segments  oval, 
obtuse,  purple.  Filamentii  inserted  into  the  base  of  the  corolla,  longer 
than  the  tube.  .^n//ters  incumbent,  2  celled.  Germ  turbinate.  Style 
shorter  than  the  stamens.  Stigma  obtuse.  Capsule  nearly  globose, 
opening  at  the  summit  across  the  dissepiment.  Seeds  flat,  orbicular, 
attached  to  a  central  receptacle. 

This  genus  is  very  nearly  allied  to  Cinchona.  It  differs  in  its  calyx, 
but  principally  by  the  transverse  partition  of  its  capsule. 

Grows  in  wet  and  bogsy  soils.  Is  foun<l  from  New  River,  South- 
Carolina,  along  the  sea  coast  to  Florida  ;  its  soutliern  or  western  11- 
Itiir  is  unknown. 

Flowers  May — June. 

Thin  genus  was  named  by  Michaux  in  honour  of  Gen,  Charles 
Cotesu'orth  Pinckney. 


TRIOSTEUM. 

Corolla  monopetala, 
suba>qualis  Cnlijx  lon- 
gitudine  coroUse.  Bacca 
3-loculaiis,  3-sperma,  in- 
fcra. 

1.  Perfoliatum. 
T.  foliis  copnatis,  spath- 
ulato-lanceolatis,  acumi- 
natis  ;  floribus"  sessilibus, 
vcrticillatis.  Sp.  pi.  l.p. 
990. 

T.  majuB,  Mich.  1.  p.  1 07. 


Gex.  PL.  300. 

Corolla  one  petalled, 
neariy  efjual.  Calyx  as 
long  as  the  corolla.  Ber^ 
vy  3  celled,  3  seeded,  in- 
ferior. 

Leaves  connate,  spatli- 
ulate  lanceolate,  acumi- 
nate ;  flowers  sessilcj  ver- 
ticillate. 


9^0 


PENTANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


Jloot  perennial.  Stem  2 — 3  feet  high,  pubescent.  Leaves  large, 
soathulate  lanceolate,  acuminate,  above  scabrous,  underneath  tomen- 
tose,  connate  at  base.  Flowers  sessile,  verticillate.  Calyx  persis- 
tent, 5  parted  ;  segments  linear.  Corulla  purple.  Fruit  a  dry,  hard, 
dark  purple  berrt/,  crowned  with  the  persistent  calyx. 

Grows  in  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina.     Dr.  Macbride. 

Flowers  June — August. 

Generally  though  incorrectly  called  Gentian. 

The  root  of  this  plant  is  both  emetic  and  cathartic.  It  is  given 
generally  in  the  form  of  an  infusion  or  decoction.  It  is  bitter,  and 
given  in  small  doses  acts  as  a  tonic. 

Dr.  Barton  found  it  a  good  cathartic  ;  he  gave  the  bark  of  the  root 
in  doses  of  twenty  and  thirty  grains;  on  some  occasions  it  seemed  tL» 
operate  as  a  diuretic.    Vide  Collections,  Part  1.  p.  28. 


Leaves  conuate,  nar- 
row lanceolate,  acumi- 
nate ;  peduncles  oppo- 
site, 1  flowered. 


2.  Angustifolium. 

T.  foliis  connatis,  an- 
gusto-lanceoiatis,  acumi- 
natia;  pedunculis  oppo- 
sitis,  unifloris.  Sp.  pi.  1. 
p.  99  1. 

T.  minus,  Mich.  1.  p.  107. 

Stem  2 — 3  feet  high,  hairy.  Leaves  spathulate,  lanceolate,  acumi- 
nate, but  much  narrower  than  in  the  preceding  species,  slightly  sca- 
brous, scarcely  connate.  Flowers  solitary,  on  short  peduncles.  Co- 
roUa  yellow. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina.    Dr.  Muhlenberg. 

Flowers  June — ^July. 


CAPRIFOLIUM. 


Bacca  3-locularis,  poly- 
Bpornja,  disiincta.  Co- 
rolla tubnlosa,  longa,  5, 
tii!a.     Calyx  5-dentata. 

1.  Sempervirens. 

C.  spicis  verticillatis,  sub- 

nudis,  terminalibus ;  foliis 

oblon^is,  subtus    glaucis, 

summis   connato-perfoli- 


Berry  3  celled,  many 
seeded,  distinct.  Corolla 
tubular,  long,  5  cleft.  Ca- 
lyx d  toothed. 


Spikes  vertidUate,  some- 
what naked,  terminal ; 
leaves  oblong,  glaucous 
underneath,    the    upper 


PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNlA, 


271 


ones  connate  perfoliate  ; 
corolla  nearly  equal,  witli 
the  tube  above  ventrico!*e. 


atis ;  coroUis  subwquali- 
bus,  tubo  supcrne  ventri- 
cosis. 

Mich.  1.  p.  105.      Pursh,  1.  p.  IGO. 

Lauiciiia  scinpervirciis,  \N  alt.  p.  131.     Sp.  pi.  I.  p.  0S3. 

Stem  perennial,  twining  over  shrubs,  and  in  very  rich  soils  over 
trees  also.  Leaves  perennial,  opposite,  very  entire,  oval,  on  the  upper 
surface  very  smooth,  on  the  under  glaucous  and  a  little  hairy  ; 
i\\e  lower  ones  petiolate,  tlic  uiJitcr  connate,  obtuse.  Flowers 
m  verticillate  spikes,  the  teriniual  verticils  rcinotf,  6  flowered  ; 
I  or  2  glands  between  each  germ.  Cah/.v  ki  perior,  very  small, 
5  toothed,  persistent.  Comlla  funnel  shaped  ;  border  5  cleft  j 
segments  acute,  one  division  geneially  deeper  than  the  others. 
Corn  la  crimson  without,  brighter  red  within.  Filaments  inserted  in- 
to the  tube  of  the  corolla  near  the  summit.  Jlntherit  oblon"-,  2  lobed, 
incumbent.  GVrm  infciior,  oval.  tS^/^?  as  long  as  tiie  stamens,  i^tig- 
ma  capitate.  Herry  scarlet.  Seed  4  in  each  cell,  attaclied  to  a  fibrous, 
central  receptacle  (chorda  pistillaris  of  M.  Correa  de  Serra). 

This  beautiful  plant,  one  of  the  great  ornaments  of  our  woods  and 
gardens,  grows  in  all  rich  soils  except  those  which  are  frequently  in- 
undated :  in  the  dry  spots  of  the  river  swamps,  however,  it  flourishes 
vith  most  luxuriance. 

Flowers  April — October.         Ens;lish  honey -such  Ir.     Wood-bine. 


Spikes  verticillate,  ter- 
minal ;  corolla  ringent ; 
leaves  ovate,  j^laucous 
underneath,  the  margin 
cartilaginous,  the  upper 
ones  connate  perfoliate. 


2.  Flavum.     Sims. 

C.  spicis  verticillatis, 
terminalibus:  coroUis  rin- 
gcntil)us ;  foliis  ovatis, 
siil)tus  glaucis,  cartilagi- 
nco-niarginatis,  summis 
connato-perfoliatis. 

r.  Fraseri,  Pursh,  1.  p.  iCO. 
Loniccra  llava,  liot.  Mag.  No.  1313. 

Jtont  perennial.  Stem  twining  over  shritbs.  Leaves  oval,  de- 
ciduous, slightly  cordate,  obtuse,  sometimes  emargirjatc,  glabrous, 
glauc«)us  underneath,  veins  whi'ish,  contracted  l)ut  connate  at  base  ; 
tlic  upper  leaves  (bracteas)  larger  and  less  contracted  at  base.  Flow- 
ers in  1 — S  terminal  heads.  Curulla  at  fnst  bright  vellow,  after- 
vardsorani^e,  deeply  bilabiate,  the  upper  lip  broader,  4  cleft,  reflexcd  ; 
the  lower  entire,  oblong,  reilexed  ;  tlie  tube  hairy  within,  very  slight- 
ly enlarged  at  Iwse. 

This  \cry  ornamental  plant  was  first  noticed  in  Drayton's  View  of 
Situth-C'artdina,  p)il)lisheH  in  180:2,  p.  t)4,  as  i;rowin'4  on  Taris's Moun- 
tain, Ctreenviile  ;  afterwards  it  was  coUocLod  by  Frr-ser  on  tlie  same 
motintain,  and  carried  to  Kiigland. 

Flowers  Marcli — April. 


i7^ 


I»ENTANDRrA  ^lONOGYNIA. 


3,    dRATUM. 

C.  spicse  verticillis  ap- 
proxinmtisj  coroUis  rin- 
gentibus,  tubo  elongate; 
foliis  obovatis,  submucro- 
natis,  subtus  reticulato- 
veiiosis,  pallidiorihus, 
suinmis  connato-perfo- 
liaiis.     Pursh,  1.  p. 


Verticils  of  the  sprke  ap* 
proximate  ;  corolla  rin- 
gent,  with  tube  long  ; 
leaves  obovate,  slightly 
mucronate,  reticulate  and 
paler  underneath,  the  up- 
per ones  connate  perfo- 
liate. 


Lonicera  grata,  Sp,  pi.  1.  p.  984. 

A  vine,  rambling  among  rocks  in  shady,  moist  situations, 
perennial.     Floivers  inclining  to  scarlet.     Pursii. 
Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina. 
Flowers  June — September. 

4.  Pauviflorum.     La  Marck. 


Leaves 


C.  verticillis  subcapita- 
tis,  bractcolatis  ;  corolhs 
ringentibus,  basi  gibbis  ; 
foliis  deciduis,  subtus 
glaucis,  omnibus  conna- 
tis. 


Verticils  nearly  capitate, 
bracteate  ;  corolla  rin- 
gent,  gibbous  at  base  ; 
leaves  deciduous,  glau- 
cous underneath,  all  con- 
nate. 


Pursh,  l.p.  161. 

C.  bracteosum,  Mich.  1.  p. 

Lonicera  dioica,  Sp.  pi.  1. 


105. 
p.  983. 

Floivers  yellow,  smaller  than  in  any  of  the  preceding  species, 
Bracteas  perfoliate,  much  larger  than  the  flowers.  Filaments  bcaz-d- 
ed.     Pursh. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina. 

Flowers  June — July. 


SYMPHOREA.     Juss. 


Calyx  dentatus.  Co* 
volla  g.fida,  subsequalis. 
Bacca  coronata,  4-locula- 
ris,  4-sperma,  loculis  in- 
terdum  2  abortivis. 


Calyx  toothed.  Co- 
rolla 5  cleft,  nearly  equal. 
BeiTy  crowned,  4  celled, 
4  seeded,  2  cells-  some- 
times abortive. 


PEHTANDRIA  MONOCYNIA^ 


278 


1.  Glomerata.     Pci*80on. 


S.    floribus  axillaribus, 
subcapitato-glonieratis. 


Flowers  axillary,  clus,' 
tcrcd  in  heads. 


Pers.  1.  p.  214.     Pursli,  l.n.  \6'2. 
Symphoricarpus  vulgaris,   iVlicli.  1.  p.  106. 
Lonicera  svinplioricarpos,  Sp.  pL  1..  p.  989. 

Leaves  broad    lanceolate,   entire,  nearly  sessile, 
very  numerous.      Berrien  purple. 

Growj  in  drj  soils,  among  the  mountains. 
Flowers  July — September. 


Fitters  gtna^l, 


DIER^ILLA.     .Tuss.     Gen.  pl.  235. 


Cahix  oblongus,  .5-ii(lus. 
Corolla  infiindibuliformis, 
5-fida.  Capsula  oblonga, 
4-loculans,  polysperma. 


Caljfx  oblong,  5  cleft. 
Corolla  funnel  shaped,  5 
cleft.  Capsule  oblong,  4? 
celled,  many  seeded. 


1.  Canadensis.     Muhl.  Cat. 


D.  pediinculis  axillari- 
bus, terminalibus,  dicho- 
tomis,  trifloris  ;  foliis  ova- 
tis,  serratis,  acuminatis. 


Peduncles  axillary  and 
terminal,  dichotomous,  3 
flowered  ;  leaves  ovate, 
serrate,  acuminate. 


Bi2;elow,  p.  56. 

D.  lutoa,  Pursh,  1.  p.  1G2. 

D.  Tournefortii,  Mich.  l.p.  107. 

Lonicera  Diervilla,  Sp.  pl.  l.p.  989. 

A  small  shrub.     Leaves  on  short  petioles,  smooth.     Flowers  of  a. 
ale  yellow,  small,  funnel  shaped,  with  5  unequal  segments.     Big*- 


fiaie 
ow. 


Grows  on  high  mountains  from  Canada  to  Carolina. 
Flowers  June — July. 


Pu«li. 


VERBASCUM.     Gen.  pl.  331. 


Corolla  rotata,incTquaIis. 
Capsula  2-locularis,  2- 
valvis. 

k2 


Corolla  rotate,  unequal. 
Capsule  2  celled,  2  vaU 
ved. 


S74 


PENTANDBIA  MONOGYNlA^ 


Leaves  deciirrent,  to- 
mentose  on  both  sides  j 
stem  simple. 


1.  Thapsus. 

V.  foliis  decarrentl- 
bus,  utrtnque  tomentosis  ; 
caule  simplici.  Sp.  pi. 
1.  p.  1001. 

Walt.  p.  95.     Pursh,  1.  p.  142. 

Root  somewhat  fusiform,  (biennial,  Lin.)  appears  to  be  perennialin 
this  country.  Stem  herbaceous,  2—5  feet  high,  succulent,  tomentose, 
winged  by  the  decurrent  leaves.  Leaves  alternate,  large,  lanceolate, 
crenate,  remarkably  tomentose,  canescent.  Flowers  crowded  in  a 
terminal  spike,  each  having  a  small  subulate  leaf  at  the  base.  Calyx 
J  leaved,  campanulate,  tomentose,  glabrous  •ithin, persistent;  border 
5  cleft;  segments  acute.  Corolla  1  petalled,  yd^ow,  tomentose  on 
the  outside  and  sprinkled  with  glandular  atoms,  very  short;  border 
5  cleft ;  segments  unequal,  obtuse,  twice  as  large  as  the  calyx.  Fila- 
Tiients  5,  inserted  into  the  tube  of  the  corolla,  unequal,  hairy.  Anthers 
crescent  shaped,  I  lobed,  yellow.  Germ  superior,  ovate,  tomentose. 
Style  bent,  as  long  as  the  stamens,  tomentose  at  base.  Stigma  thick, 
obtuse.  Seed  somewhat  turbinate,  dotted,  attached  to  a  large  central 
receptacle. 

Grows  in  dry  pastures  ;  introduced  into  this  country  in  all  proba- 
bility at  an  early  period  of  its  settlement,  now  universally  diffused. 

Flowers  May— August.  Mullein, 


Leaves  oblong,  wedge 
shaped,  naked  above ; 
stem  angled,  panicled. 


%.   Ll^CHNITIS. 

V.  foliis  cuneiformi- 
oblongis,  supra  denudatis ; 
caule  angulato,  panicula- 
to.  Smith,  Fl.  Brit.  l.  p. 
S50. 

Sp.pl.  1.  p.  1003. 

Walt.  p.  95.    Pursh,  1.  p.  142. 

Stem  straight  and  angular.  Leaves  very  white  beneath,  green,  with 
a  slight  hoariness,  above.  Flowers  pale  yellow,  clustered  on  short 
peduncles.    eIk.  Bot.  No.  58. 

Grows  in  Ca%lina.     Dr.  Muhlenberg. 

Flowers  June— July. 


3.  Blattaria. 
V.  foliis  amplexicauli- 
busj  oblongis,  glubris,ser- 


Leaves   amplexicaule, 
oblong,  glabrous,  serrate ; 


PENTANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


S75 


ratis  ;    pedunculis  unino-  |  peduncles     1     flowered, 
lis,  solitariis.  |  solitui y. 

Smith,  Fl.  Brit.  I.  p.  553. 

Sn.  nl.  l.p.  1005. 

Mich.  1.  p.  148.     Pursh,  1.  p.  142. 

Moot  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  ^---S  feet  high,  simple,  slightly 
angled,  pubesrent.  Leaves  sessile,  slightly  cordate,  acute,  rugose, 
ifipriiikieil  with  liairs. 

Of  this  plant  we  have  two  varieiies. 
Var.  a  ;   with  leaves  (It nticulate  ;  flowers  solitary,  axillary,  on  hair/ 
neilunclcs   nearly   an   inchlonu;    corolla  very  pale  yellow  ; 
iilanients  foatliercd  with  purple  hairs. 
h  ;  vith  leaves  doubly  serrate  ;  thnvers  sessile,  frequently  clus- 
tered, 2" -3  in   each  axil  :    corolla  bright  yclUrw,  purple  at 
base  ;    Clauients  beautifully  feathered  with  purple  and  white 
hairs.     Is  tliis  the  V.  Claytoni  of  Michaux  .'' 
In  both  varieties  the  corolla  is  hairy  on  the  outside,  glabrotis  with- 
in, but  sprinkled  with  fascicles  of  hair,  the  hair  all  terminated  with  a 
glandular  head,  and  the  seed  tlottcd. 

Grows  in  close  soils,  sparingly  in  tlie  low  country,  but  frequent  in 
the  middle  and  upper  districts. 
Flowers  May— August. 


DATURA. 


Corolla  funnel  shaped, 
plicate.  Cahjx  tubular, 
angled,  deciduous.  Cap- 
side  4  valvedo 

Pericarp  spiny,  erect, 
ovate  ;  leaves  ovate,  gla- 
brous. 


Corolla  Inftnidibulifor- 
niis,  plicata.  Calijv  tubu- 
losus,  ano'ulatus,  decidu- 
us.     Capsula  4-valvis. 

1.  Stramonium. 

D.  pericarpiis  spinosis, 
erectis,  o\  atis  ;  Ibliis  o\  a- 
tis,  gla!)ris.  Sp.  pi,  i.  p. 
1008. 

Hoot  annu.ll.  fitpm  T-,—5  feet  hii^h.  bratjcliinq;,  dicliotonwus,  te- 
rete, succulent,  somewhat  fistulous.  /-r«iv.s- alternate  at  the  divisions 
of  the  stem,  aiiijled,  sinuate,  with  the  angles  acute,  unecjual  at  base, 
sprinkled  with  a  few  hairn;  petioles  2---4  inches  long.  Flowers  soli- 
tary in  the  division  of  the  stalk;  peduncles  nearly  an  inch  long.  .Ca- 
lyx tubular,  5  angled,  deciduous,  pubescent :  the  border  5  cleft ;  seg- 
ments acute,  erect.  Vomlla  purple,  sometimes  white,  three  times  as 
long  as  the  calyx,  angular  at  base,  the  border  5  toothed.  Filaments 
shorter  than  the  corolla,  inserted  into  the  tube,  pubescent.  Anthers 
oblong,  erect,  hairy,  dark  purple.     Germ  superior,  oval,  funowed, 


gy 6  PENTANDRIA   MONO  GYNIA^ 

spinous,  spines  soft.  Style  as  long  as  the  stamens.  Stigma  lamel- 
late, 2  cleft.  Capsule  oval,  spinous,  4  celled,  4  valved,  opening  at  the 
summit ;  2  cells  often  incomplete.  Seeds  numerous,  reniform,  some- 
what rugose,  black,  attached  to  a  large,  convex,  central  receptacle* 

Grows  in  cultivated  grounds,  very  common. 

Flowers  Maj — September.  James-Town  or  Jimson  weed. 

Thorn-Jlpple. 

This  plant  is  an  important  article  of  the  Matei  ia  Medica.  Every 
part  of  it  possesses  a  strong  narcotic  quality. 

It  has  been  given  in  various  forms,  but  the  seed,  in  the  opinion  ot 
Professor  Ives  of  New-Haven,  contains  all  the  medical  properties  of 
the  plant,  and  is  to  be  preferred  to  the  extract  of  the  leaves,  a  prepa- 
ration extremely  variable  in  strength.  He  advises  to  give  i  or  i  of 
a  grain  of  the  pulverized  seed  twice  a  day,  and  to  increase  the 
doses  as  the.  system  becomes  accustomed  to  the  medicine  until  a 
dilatation  of  the  pupil  of  the  eye  takes  place.  This  occurrence  indi- 
cates that  the  system  cannot  bear  it  any  longer  with  safety,  and  it 
should  be  laid  aside  until  the  pupil  regains  its  proper  size,,  which  takes 
place  very  gradually,  when  it  may  be  resumed.  Ijfe  has  found 
some  constitutions  to  bear  doses  of  10  grains.  This  is  his  mode 
of  exhibiting  the  Stramonium  with  a  view  to  its  alterative  effect?. 

The  Stramonium  may  be  used  as  an  anodyne  and  soporific  where 
the  use  of  opium  is  improper.  Its  action  seems  principally  di- 
rected upon  the  nervous  system,  and  when  kept  up  for  a  length  of 
time,  wears  down  its  irritability. 

In  Epilepsy  it  has  been  used  probably  with  more  advantage  than 
any  other  remedy. 

In  Mania,  unaccompanied  witli  a  turgescence  of  the  head  and  gene- 
ral arterial  excitement,  it  has  been  employed  by  Dr.  Barton  and  others 
with  much  success.    It  sometimes  produces  a  disease  of  the  skin. 

In  spasmodic  Asthma  Professor  Ives  gives  a  dose  of  the  powdered 
seed  every  hour,  increasing  the  quantity  until  the  patient  is  relieved. 
He  has,  in  sonve  instances,  given  to  the  extent  of  8  grains  in  four  or 
five  hours.  This  practice  has  been  found  very  successful.  Smoking 
the  fibres  of  the  root  with  a  view  to  relieve  this  complaint  has  been 

Eroductive,  in  several  instances,  of  the  worst  consequences.  It  must 
e  obvious  that  the  Stramonium  should  never  be  used  internally  but 
with  caution. 

An  extract  of  the  leaves  spread  over  the  eye-lids  produces,  in  an 
hour  or  two,  a  dilatation  of  the  pupils,  which  remains  after  the  removal 
of  the  application,  in  some  instances,  twenty-four  hours. 

An  ointment  prepared  from  the  leaves  relieves  the  irritation  of  blis- 
ters and  the  pain  of  contusions.  The  expressed  juice  of  the  leaves  is 
a  very  serviceable  application  in  callous  ulcers.  Travellers  can  make 
no  better  application  to  recent  injuries  of  the  backs  of  their  horses 
than  the  bruised  leaves  of  this  plant. 

It  is  improper  to  encourage  the  growth  of  the  Stramonium  near  the 
residence  of  a  family,  as  chil^jen  h<w'e  often  endangered  their  live* 
by  gating  the  8?ed. 


PENTANDUIA  MONOCYNIA. 


277 


Pericarp  spinous,  erect, 
ovate  ;  leaves  ^  cordate, 
glabrous,  toothed. 


2.  Tatfla. 

D.  pericarpiis  spinosis, 
erprti?^,  ovatis  ;  foliis  cor- 
datis,  glabris,  (kn'atis. 
Sp.  pi   1.  p.  uios. 

Walt.  p.  9-1. 

TMs  plant,  ponerally  ronsidered  In  this  country  as  the  D.  TatuU 
of  L-nnji*ns,  is  ^  arcely  a  dist'i.ct  sptcics  from  tiio  preceding-.  It  is 
ctreially  larger;  ih  ■  leaes  mon?  acitcly  angled,  and  ^li„dltlJ  cor- 
dati'?  and  tlic  corolla  pnie  violet  ;  but  all  of  these  characters  appear 
wia'.Ie. 

Or   AS  vitli  the  1).  Stramonium  around  Charleston. 

Flowers  ^!ay— Sep:er.;uer.  Pmyle  Jimson  weed* 


AXrOPA.     Gen.  pl.  335. 


Corolla  campaHulata. 
Stamina  distantia.  Dac- 
ca globosa,  2-lociilaris. 

i.  Physaloides. 

A.  caule  herbaceo  ;  fo- 
liis sinuato-angulatis  ;  ca- 
lycibus  clausis,  acutangii- 
lis.     Sp.  pl.  1.  p.  1017. 


Corolla  campanulate. 
Stamens  distant.  Bevvy 
globose,  2  celled. 

Stem  herbaceous ;  leaves 
sinuate,  angled  ;  calyx 
closed,  with  the  angles 
acute. 


Nicranda  physalioides,  Persoon,  1.  p.  219.    Pursh,  1.  p,  158. 

Annual.  ^Stem  12 — 18  inches  high,  with  many  branches.  Leavei 
alternate,  ovate,  sinuate,  with  tiie  angles  acute,  glabrous.  Flotvers 
solitary,  axillary,  on  short  peduncles;  angles  at  the  base  of  the  calyx 
very  acute,  «oraewhat  >agittate.     Corolla  pale  blue. 

Found  occasionally  on  rich  soils,  around  buildings.  A  native  pro- 
bably of  Europe. 

Flowers  tlirouj'h  the  summer. 


PHYSALIS. 


Corolla  rnfp.ta.   Stami- 
na connivcntia.      £:iccn 

ir*ra    ralycciu    iuflaiuui     2   ctlled,  inclostd  in  an 
biloculuiw.  j  ijxllatcd  calyx. 


Corolla  rotate.      Sta* 
mens  connivcnt.     Bivrrj 


S78 


PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNlA. 


Erect,  pubescent ;  leaves 
oval  lanceolate,  very  en- 
tire ;  calyx  villous. 


i.  Lanceolata.     Mich. 

P.  erecta,  pul3escens  ; 
foliis  ovali-lanceolatis,  in- 
tegerrimis ;  calycibus  vil- 
losis.     E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  149. 

Persoon,  Syn.  pi.  1.  p.  220. 

P.  Peruviana,  Walt.  p.  100. 

Root  creeping;,  perennial.  Stem 
branchetl,  angled,  very  pubescent, 
each  division  of  the  stem,  almost  tomentose,  narrowed  at  base  into  a 
petiole  sometimes  an  inch  long.  Flowers  solitary,  nodding.  Calyx 
generally  truncate,  sometimes  concave  at  base.  Corolla  pale  yellow, 
marked  with  obscure,  purple  spots. 

I  believe  this  to  be  the  only  perennial  species  in  this  country. 

Grows  in  dry  soils,  about  fields,  gardens,  &c. 

Flowers  June— August. 


1—2  feet  high,  erect,  somewhat 
Leaves  alternate,  sometimes  2   at 


Much  branched, branches 
angular,  glabrous ;  leaves 
ovate,  dentate. 


S.  Angulata  ? 

P.  ramosissima,  ramis 
angulatis,  glabris ;  foliis 
ovatis,  dentatis.  Sp.  pi. 
l.p.  1023. 

Walt.  p.  99. 

Stem  erect,  and  like  the  whole  plant  glabrous.  Leaves  broad,  ovate, 
irregularly  toothed,  on  long  slender  petioles.  Flowers  axillary,  on 
very  slender  pefluu'.lus  that  become  long  with  age.  Corolla  siaaMf 
yellow,  spotted  at  base.  Jlnthers  pale  blue.  Calyx  of  the  fruit  slen- 
der, long.  , 

Collected  near  Savannah,  by  Mr.  Oemler. 

Flowers  through  the  summer. 


3.  Pennsylvanica. 

P.  foliis  ovatis,  subre- 
pandis,  obtusis,  nudiuscu- 
iis;  caule  herbaceo,  ra- 
moso  ;  pedunculis  soli- 
tariis,  petiolis  paulo  longi- 
oribus.    Pursh,  l.p.  157. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1021, 

stem  about  a  foot  high,  somewhat  angled,  and  downy.     Leaves 
aaked  vn  the  upper  surface,  obscurely  tpmentpse  on  the  under.     Ca- 


Leaves  ovate,  somewhat 
repand,  obtuse,  naked  ; 
stem  herbaceous,  branch- 
ing ;    peduncles  sohtary, 


'&  ? 


a  little  longer  than  the 


petioles. 


PENTANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


sr9 


lyx  SomewTiat  cylindrical,  slightly  any^led.  Corolla  yellow,  obscure 
lit  tlie  base.    Stamens  yelhtw.     Berry  small,  red.     Liiiu. 

Grows  alonp  the  sides  of  roads  amon^  rubbish,  &,c.  from  Pennsyl- 
vania to  Car<»lina.  Pursh.  I  have  seen  specimens  from  Pendleton^ 
Soutii-Caridina,  that  appear  lu  belong  to  tlu3  species. 

Flowers  June— August. 


Divaricate,  much  branch- 
ed, prostrate  ;  leaves  o- 
vate,  acuminate,  unequal- 
ly toothed  ;  inllatcd  ca- 
lyx very  large. 


1.  Pruinosa. 

P.  divaricato-ramosia- 
si  ma,  prostrata  ;  foliis 
ovatis,  acuminatis,  in?e- 
qualitcr  dcntatis ;  caly- 
cibus  majusculis.     E. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1023. 

P.  obscura,   Mich.  1.  p.  1-49.     Pursh,  1.  p.  157. 

S^oot  annual.  Stem  angled,  slightly  scabrous  and  pubescent,  at  first 
erect,  dichotomous,  expandina;  so  widely  as  to  become  prostrate. 
Leaves  slightly  rugose,  pubescent,  l—^or  3  at  each  division  ;  petioles 
2—5  inches  long.  Flowers  solitary,  axillary,  nodding.  Corolla  pale, 
witli  5  purple,  villous  spots  near  the  base.  Stamens  half  as  long  as 
the  corolla,  hairy,  purple.  Anthers  pale  blue.  Persistent  calyx  5 
angled,  unusually  large. 

This  appears  to  be  certainly  the  plant  figured  in  Dill.  Hort.  Elth. 
t.  9.  f.  9. 

Grows  in  quitivatcd  lands. 

Flowers  September— November. 


Leaves  sometimes  by 
pans,  oval,  rcpand,  pu- 
bescent ;  stem  herbace- 
ous, towards  the  sum- 
mit paniculate  ;  fruit- 
bearing  calyx  pubescent. 


ry,  VrscosA  ? 

P.  foliis  subgcminis, 
ovaUbus,  repandis,  pubes- 
centibus ;  caule,  herbaceo, 
supernc  paniculato ;  ca- 
lycibus  frucliferis  pubes- 
centibus.      Pursh,    1.    p. 

1.37. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1021.      Mich.  1.  p.  149. 

Root  annual,  somewhat  fusiform.  Stem  erect,  2—3  feet  high, 
dichotomous,  glabrous  below,  the  young  brauchcs  pul)esceut  and  vis- 
cid, leaves  alternate,  gt-neraHy  1  at  i-acli  «livision  of  tlic  stem,  lan- 
ceolate, acuminate,  toothed,  rcpaml.  sligluly  viscid  and  sprinkled  with 
hairs':  petiole  5---3  inches  long.  Flowers  solitary,  in  the  divisions  of 
ihe  stem  ;  peduncles  1  inch  long,  erect  when  the  Hower  expands,  af- 
terwards nodding.     Calyx  campanulalc,  10  nerved,  concave,  at  base 


S80 


PUNTANDRIA   MONOGYNIA-. 


t)ubescent.  Corolla  campanulate,  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx,  pubeg* 
cent  vellow,  marked  near  the  base  with  5,  obscure,  villous  spots.  Fila- 
ments'sis  long  as  the  corolla,  inserted  into  its  >a9e.    Jlnthers  erect, 


pale  blue.     Germ  superior.    Style  as  lon^  as  the  stamens 
capitate.    B^rry  globose,  enclosed  by  the  in'latf "«.  5  angled,  persiste 
calyx.     Seeds  reniform,  immersed  in  the  puip  of  iua  berry. 

Grows  in  cultivated  grounds,  along  roads.    Commo-i. 

Flowers  July— October.  Ground  chetry. 


6.   PUBESCENS. 

P.  foliis  villoso-visco- 
sis,  subcordatis  ;  caule 
ramosissimo  ;  floribus  so- 
litariis,  pendulis  ;  calyci- 
bus  fructiferis,  subrotun- 
do-globosis,  angulatis. 
Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  10S8. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  157. 

P.  tomentosa  ^   Walt,  p-  92. 

Plant  almost  hispid.  Leaves  br^ad,  ovate,  irregularly  toothed,  and 
angled,  slightly  cordate.  Peduncles  shorter  than  the  petiole.  Calyx 
tomentose. 

Grows  on  the  sandy  shores  of  Carolina.  Pursh.  I  have  specimens 
•which  appear  to  belong  to  this  species  collected  in  Pendleton  county, 
with  the  P.  Pennsylvanica,  by  Messrs.  Baker  and  Perry. 

Flowers  June — July. 


Leaves  villous,  viscous, 
sliglitly  cordate  ;  stem 
very  much  branched ; 
flowers  solitary,  pendu- 
lous ;  fruit-bearing  calyx 
nearly  globose,  slightly 
angled. 


SOLANUM.     Gen.  pl.  337. 


Corolla  rotata.  Anthe- 
rce  subcoalitse,  apice  poro 
gemino  dehiscentes.  Bac- 
ca  S-locularis. 

1.  Nigrum. 

S.  caule  inenni,  herba- 
ceo ;  foliis  oval  is,  dentato- 
angulatis ;  racemis  dis- 
tichis,  nutantibus.  Sp.  pl. 
1.  p^  lOtio. 


Corolla  rotate.  Anthers 
united,  opening  at  the 
pohit  by  a  double  pore. 
Berry  %  celled. 


Stem  unarmed,  herba- 
ceous ;  leaves  ovate, 
toothed,  angled  ;  race- 
mes distichous,  nodding. 


PtN'TANDRlA    MONOO\KIA» 


^9i 


Faf.  Virginicum ;  ra- 
niis  angulatis,  dcritatis  ; 
Ibliis  repandis,  glabris. 


It  varies  with  branched 
ani:;lcd,  toothed  ;  leaves 
rcpand,  glabrous. 


B»ot  perennial  ?  Stem  herbaceous,  erect,  2---3  feet  high,  angles 
fougheiieil ;  youn:;  branche;*  pubescent.  Leaves  S[)rinkleil  \\\i\\  hair^ 
abruptly  narrowed,  then  taperitiL;  at  base  ;  petioles  '2—3  inches  long. 
jPYojrf »s  ninblinu;,  in  unibeln  3---^  tlowereil,  between  tiie  leaves.  Ca- 
lyx one  leaved,  persistent ;  tube  turbinate,  pubescent  ;  border  5  clettf 
segments  oval,  acute.  Corulla  white,  inserted  into  the  calyx,  yellov* 
at  base,  pubescent :  tube  very  short ;  border  5  cleft;  segments  acute, 
•xpandiiiff,  somewhat  reflected.  Filamenta  ijiserted  into  tlie  tube  oi 
tlie  corolla,  short.  Germ  superior.  Shjle  loiiu;er  than  the  stamens, 
hairv  at  base,  curved  near  tlie  summit.  Stigma  capitate,  lierrif 
blaclt,  2  celled.     Seeds  many  in  each  cell,  lenticular. 

Grows  in  rich,  damp  soiU. 

Flowers  through  the  summer,  beginning  in  April, 


Stem  prickly,  herbace* 
ous  ;  leaves  cordate,  an- 
gled and  lobed,  villous  on 
both  sides  and  prickly,  . 


2.  Mammosum. 

S.  caule  aculeato,  her- 
bacco ;  foliis  cordatis, 
angulato-lobatis,  utrinque 
villosis  ^uleatisquc.  Sp. 
pl.l.  p.*  10^1. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  156. 

Annual.  Leavas  eqxidA  in  length  and  breadth,  rather  obtuse.  Fruit 
yellow,  of  the  fi^rnre  of  a  small  inverted  pear.     Linn. 

I  possess  specimens  collected  near  Louisville,  Georgia,  by  Mr. 
Jackson,  which  may  possibly  belong  to  this  species.  Leaves  broad, 
nearly  oval,  slightly  angled,  villous  on  both  sides  and  prickly  along 
the  veins,  sometimes  obtuse  at  base,  but  scarcely  cordate,  on  very 
short  petioles.  Stem  villous  and  prickly.  Flowers  in  loose  racemesj 
terminal,  and  opposite  the  leaves.  Corolla  pale  yellow,  about  the 
size  of  that  of  the  S.  Carolinense.     The/r?a7  I  have  not  seen. 

Grows  on  the  sea  coast  of  Virginia  and  Carolina.     I'ursh. 

Flowers  June — August. 


3.    VlRGINIANUM. 

S.  caule  erecto,  aculea- 
to ;  foliis  pinnatifidis,  un- 
dique  aculcatis  j   laciniis 

L2 


fitem  crect^  pnckly ; 
leaves  pinnatilied,  prick- 
ly on  all  sides  -,  segments 


28a 


PENTANDRTA  MONOGYNlA# 


sinuate,  obtuse,  with  the 
margins  dilate  5  calyx- 
prickly. 


pinuatis,  obtusis,  marg;ine 
ciliatis;  calycibus  aculea- 
tid.     Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1041. 

Pursli,  1.  p.  156. 

Branches  angled.    Prickles  numeroua,  white.     Fruit  small,  green-^ 
isli  white. 
Gro  ,v3  in  sandy  soils,  from  Virginia  to  Carolina.     Pursh. 
Flowers  July. 


Stem  aculeate,  annual  j 
leaves  hastate  angled, 
prickly  on  both  sides  ;  ra- 
cemes loose. 


4.  Carolinense. 

5.  caule  aculeato,  an- 
nuo ;  foliis  hastato-angu- 
latis.  aculeis  utrinque  tec- 
tis  ;  race  mis  laxis.  Sp. 
pi.  1.  p.  1043. 

Mich.  I.  p.  150. 

,  Root  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  erect,  1 — 2  feet  hi^h  ;  branches 
expanding,  hairy,  fiairs  star-like ;  armed  with  sharp  prickles. 
Leaves  ovate  lanceolate,  sinuate,  scabrous,  the  veins  on  each  side 
armed  with  prickles,  and  the  leaves  covered  with  star-like  hair. 
Floivers  in  lateral,  simple  racemes,  4 — 7  flowered  between  the  leaves.- 
Calyx  hairy  and  aculeate.  Cvrolla  obscure  white. 
Grows  in  cultivated  grounds.     Very  common.  #^ 

Flowers  May — July.  Horse-nettler 


SABBATIA. 


Cahjx  5 — 12  partitus, 
persistcns.  Corolla  rota- 
ta,  5 — 12  partita.  Stig- 
7r'.ata2, spiralia.  Jintherce 
demum  revolutse.  Cupsii- 
la  l-locularis,  :3.valvis. 

*  Florihus  alMs.  | 

1.  Paniculata.     Mich. 

S.  ramosissima  ;  pani 
cula  diffusa  ;  foliis  lineari 
lanceolatis  5  caule  subte 


Colifx  5 — 13  parted, 
persistent.  Corolla  ro- 
tate, 5 — 13  patted.  Stig^ 
77? as  3,  spiral.  A/ithtTS 
finally  revoiute.  Capsule 
1  celled,  2  valved. 

*  Floxvers  white* 

Much  branched ;  pani- 
cle diffused  ;  leaves  li- 
near-lanceolate :     stem 


PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA.  fc83 

I'pti ;  ramis  altcniis ;  co-  I  nearly  terete ;   branches 
rollu  alba.     E.  |  alternate  j  corolla  wiiite. 

Pursh.  1.  p.  138. 

Cliiroiiia  |)miiciila(a,  Mich.  1.  p.  146. 

8tfm  1 — -2  feet  lMi;li,  nearly  ti^rote,  sli'j;litly  marked  bv  a  clecurront 
\\ni\  nuirh  arul  tliflust-ly  braiichi'd  ;  branclu's  aUomate.  leaves  liiifar- 
lanceolate,  or  linear.  'I'lbe  <if  tlie  calu.v  very  S'liall  ;  scijineiits  si*a- 
ceou!*,  shorter  than  the  ^orolla.  Curolla  5  paricd  ;  segments  lunceu- 
late.      Filamnit.-i  short.     »iittliers  revolute. 

'rhoup;h  the  tiescription  of  Nfichaux  applies  more  peculiarly  to  the 
5.  coryinbosa,  yet  as  tliis  species  was  certainly  iiiclude«l<  an(l  i-i  the 
only  one  to  which  the  term  paniculnta  is  correctly  applicable,  1  have 
referred  to  him  here. 

Grows  iu  damp  pine  barrens.    Commoiu 

Flowei-8  July — October. 


52.  CoRYMBosA     Baldwin. 

S.  foliis  ovatis,  acutis,  Leaves  ovafc,  acute, 
arete  ses.silihiis  ;  caule  closely  sessile;  stem  near- 
suhangulato ;  floribus  co- 
rvmbosis ;  coioUis  aibis. 
E. 


ly  square  ;  flowers  in  co- 
rymbs j  corolla  white. 


Chironia  lanc^olata,  "Wait.  p.  95. 

Stem  erect,  nearly  square  ;  branches  near  the  summit,  opposita, 
brachiate.  Leaves  somewhat  amplexicaule,  sometimes  obtuse  Co- 
rolla generally  6  parted,  much  longer  thau  the  calyx,  iitameus 
generally  G. 

1  his  and  the  preceding  species  have  evidently  been  confounded  in 
the  C.  lanceolata  of  Walter  and  paniculata  of  Michaux,  yet  they  arc 
very  distinct. 

'I'o  Dr.  Baldwin  I  am  indebted  for  callinoj  my  attention  to  tlie  white 
flowered  species  of  Sabbatia,  and  pointing  out  t!ie  peculiar  features  of 
this  species  and  the  paniculata.  He  has  remarked  als*  that  this  con- 
tinues in  flower  but  a  short  time. 

It  may  be  worthy  of  remark,  that  tlic  corolla  of  tliis  species 
changes  in  dryi.*  to  a  deep  orange  colour,  while  in  tlie  others  it 
continues  a  pale  white. 

"Varies   Canf^ustifnlia)  ;    with    leaves   linear-lanceolate,    sometimeg 
linear;   gei;ments  of  the  calyx  subulate,  nearly  as  loii;;^  as  the 
corolla.      To  this  variety  may  probauly  belong  the  C.  laiicc- 
olata  of  Walter. 
Grows  in  wet  pine  barrens. 
Flowers  June— -Jul V, 


^8* 


PENTANDRIA   MONOGYNIA, 


**  Flowers  rose  colour* 


ed. 

Leaves  lanceolate,  the 
upper  linear ;  flowers  co- 
rymbose ;  corolla  three 
times  longer  than  the 
calyx. 


^*  Floribiis  roseis. 

S.  Gracilis?   Mich. 

S.  foliis  lanceolatis,  su- 
perioribus  linearibus ;  flo- 
ribus  corymbosis ;  corol- 
lis  calyce  triplo  longiori- 
bus.     E, 

Mich,  h  p.  146. 

S.  stellaiis,  Pursh,  1.  p.  137. 

Root  annual  ?  Stem  erect,  terete,  slightly  furrowed,  12—18  inche* 
bigh.  Leaves  opposite,  sessile,  entire,  somewhat  fleshy,  obscurely  3 
nerved,  linear  near  the  branci)es.  Flou-ers  solitary,  on  opposite, 
brachiate  branches,  forming  a  small  corymb.  Calyx  turbinate  ; 
border  5  cleft ;  segments  linear,  much  smaller  than  tlie  corolla,  en- 
larging with  the  increase  of  the  capsule.  Corolla  rotate,  tube  very 
^hort ;  border  5  parted  ;  segments  obovate,  obtuse ;  the  bise  bright 
yellow,  elegantly  circumscribed  by  an  angular  crimson  line.  Filaments 
5,  just  zs  long  as  the  yellow  base  of  the  corolla,  inserted  into  the 
tube  between  the  segments.  Jinthers  oblong,  sagittate,  yellow,  revo- 
lute.  Germ  superior.  Style  very  short,  2  cleft.  Stigma  oblong,  ob- 
tuse, spiral.    Capsule  oval,  glabrous.     Seeds  numerous. 

Grows  in  damp,  saline  coves,  and  along  the  edges  of  marshes  on 
j^e  sea  islands. 

Flowers  July — September, 


4.  Brachiata.     E. 

5.  foliis  lanceolatis  ; 
panicula  ?  elongata ;  ramis 
brachiatis,  plerumque  tri- 
floris  ;  corollis  calyce  du- 
plo  longioribus.    E. 


Leaves  lanceolate  ; 
panicle  long ;  branches 
brachiate,  generally  three 
flowered;  corolla  twice 
as  long  as  the  calyx. 


Stem  erect,  very  slightly  angled.  Leaves  all  lanceolate.  Branches' 
brachiate,  expanding,  forming  a  pyramidal  panicle  Segments  of  the 
calyjc  linear  lanceolate.  Corolla  of  a  bright  rose  colour ;  petals  obo- 
vate. 

I  have  not  been  able  to  ascertain  what  value  can  be  placed  on  char- 
acters taken  in  this  genus,  from  the  comparative  length  of  the  calyx 
and  corolla  The  Chironia  campanulata  of  Linnaeus  is  nearly  allied 
to  this,  and  more  nearly  to  the  preceding  species,  but  is  described  as 
having  a  calyx  as  long  as  the  corolla.  The  original  specimens  of  the 
C.  campanulata  were  collected  in  Canada  by  Kalm,  and  the  plant 
may  tlierefore  be  distinct  from  our  southern  species.  I  have,  to  avoid 
confusion,  relied  on  the  description  of  Liiingeus,  and  considered  our 
8o<ithern  species  as  distinct.- 


rENTANDniA    MONOGINIA* 


28i 


Grows  In  ihe  middle  and  upptr  country  of  Carolina*    Near  Co* 
lumbla  :   Mr.  Hi'rUfinont. 
Flowers  June — Au;;ust. 


5.   ANcrLAuH. 

S.caiile  HFiciilalo.  alato: 
foliis  cordalo-oMiiis.  iiiii- 
pk'xicaulil)us  ;  fluribus 
corviubosis.     E- 


Stem  angled,  winnjed  | 
leaves  eordatc  ovate,  am- 
ple.xicaulc  5  flowers  in 
corymbs. 


Pursh,  1   p.  137. 

Cbironiaangularis, Sp.pl.  l.p.  !067.    WaJt. p.95,.  Mich.  l.p.  14G. 

Stem  erect,  C  feet  hii;h,  gla!)rous,  square,  the  angles  winged  ; 
branches  oppo'^te,  brachiate.  Leaves  sometimes  5  nerved,  tcrnate. 
Tube  of  the  cahtx  antrled  ;  senments  5,  wide,  subulate.  CuroUa  5 
parted  ;  segment!*  oval  and  obovate,  many  times  longer  than  the  ca- 
l\x.  h'ilauieiils  5,  short.  Jnt/itrs  revolute,  yellow.  Style  lon-ei: 
tJian  the  stamens.     SHo-ma  linear,  spiral. 

Grows  in  rid),  humid  noils. 

Flowers  July — August. 

This  plant,  according  to  Barton,  is  "commonly  employed  both  by 
physicians,  atnl  as  a  domestic  remedy.  Kverv  part  of  the  plant  is  in- 
tensely bittcis"  He  furtlier  a<l(ls,  that  in  the  year  ir9;3  it  was  much 
employed  and  with  much  benefit  in  certain  staucs  ot  the  yellow 
fe\er.  In  this  State  it  is  a  comnion  remedy  in  intermittent  fever. 
Kvery  part  t)f  tlie  pi  int  is  used.  Tlie  S.  gracilis  and  some  of  the  rest 
;ne  equally  efficacious.         Incorrectly  called  Centaury  or  Gentry. 


Stem  erect,  few  flow- 
ered ;  leaves  o\  al,  obtuse, 
sessile  ;  segments  of  the 
calyx  leafy,  frequently 
longer  than  the  corolla. 


6.  Calycosa.     Mich. 

S.  caule  erecto.  pauei- 
floro  ;  foliis  ovalibus,  ob- 
tusis,  sessllibus  ;  laeiniis 
calycis  Ibliaceis,  corolla 
plerumquc  longloribus. 
E. 

Pursh,  1.  p  158. 

Chironia  calvcosa,  Mich.  1.  p.  147. 

dicljotonia,  Walt.  p.  05. 

Stem  not  always  erect,  about  1  foot  hio;h,  slightly  angled  ;  branches 
very  few,  frequently  none.  I^saves  closely  sitting,  oval.'S  nerved,  thin, 
membranous.  Flowers  terminal,  frequerjtiy  solitary,  rcr/y.rgeneralh' 
10  parted  ;  segments  lanceolate,  leafy,  sometimes  not  half  as  long  as 
tlic  corolla.  Curnlla  7 — 10  parted,  rose  coloured  ;  segments  lanceo- 
late. Jntheri!  revolute*  fytyU  twice  as  long  jg  the  staioeng.  /^ti'*» 
vias  spiraj.  * 


S86 


PENTANDRlA    MONQGYNIA. 


Varies  ;  with  leaves  lanceolate,  and  with  tlie  calyx  longer  or  shorter 
than  the  corolla,  and  probably  comprehends  more  species  than  one. 

Grows  in  rich  and  wet  soils,  in  marshes  on  the  margins  of  fresb 
water  rivers. 

Flowers  June — September. 


*    %  Chloroides. 

S.  debilis  ;  foliis  lance- 
olatis  erectis  ;  ramis  pan- 
els unifloris  ;  floribus 
7 — IS  partitis,laciniisca- 
lycis   linearibus,    corolla 


Stem  weak  ;  leaves 
lanceolate,  erect ;  branch- 
es few,  1  flowered  ;  flow, 
ers  7 — 12  parted  ;  seg- 
ments of  the  calyx  linear, 
shorter  than  the  corolla. 


brevioribus.      Pursh,    1. 

p.  4  38. 

Mich.  1.  p.  146. 
Chlora  dodecandra,  Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  341. 

This  species,  like  the  preceding,  varies  much,  and  probably  now  irw 
eludes  several  distinct  species. 

Varies;  a.  erecta ;  with  the  stem  rigid,  erect;  leaves  linear  ;  corolla 
generally  10  parted,  segments  lanceolate.*    Chironia  de- 
candra,  Walt.  p.  95. 
h.  coriacea  ;  w  ith  the  stem  erect ;  sparingly  branched ;  leaves 
lanceolate,  the  lower  ones   nearly  elliptical  ;  corolla  8 
parted,  segmtnts  obovate  ?    very  thick  and  coriaceous.. 
From  specimens  collected  near  St.  Mary's,  Georgia,  by 
Dr.  Baldwin, 
c.  jlexuosa  ;  with  the  stem  flexuous;  leaves   linear  lancea* 
late,  corolla  12  parted,  segments  long,  lanceolate;  stig' 
raas  revolute  ?    Chironia  dodecandra,  Walt.  p.  95. 
In  my  specimens  of  this  last  variety  the  flower  is  nearly  5  inches 
in  diameter,  and  the  stigmas  distinctly  revolute. 
Grows  in  bogs  and  around  pine  barren  ponds. 
Flowers  July — September. 


8.  Grntianoides. 

S.  foliis  longis,  lineari- 
bus  ;  floribus  axillari- 
bus,  sessilibus,  supremis 
confertis  ;  corollis  subde- 
cempartitis.    E. 


Leaves  long,  linear ; 
flowers  axillary,  sessile, 
the  upper  ones  crowded ; 
corolla  generally  10  part- 
ed. 


Stem  erect,  slightly  angled.     Leaves  long  (2 — 3  inches),  linear, 
acute.    Flowers  axillary  and  terminal,  the  terminal  ones  cluster 
od  as  ia  some  species  of  GeutiaUi     Calyx  campanulate;   border 


PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


ii^7 


frequently  8  partcil ;  sesments  subulato,  latlior  lon^ier  than  the  tube. 
From  the  base  of  the  calyx  arise  two  subulate  biarteaSj  ililated  at 
base,  and  as  lon<;  as  the  corolla.  Cornlln  abotit  8  parted,  rose  colour- 
ed ;  seirments  obovate,  acute,  twice  as  loii-^  as  the  calyx.  Slaviens 
short,     ^inthfrs  ratlier  spiral  than  rev(duto. 

From  sncrimens  collected  by  Mr.  AI)l)ot,  in  Bullock  county,  Geor» 
gia,  ;(rowinu;  in  and  around  the  shallow  pine  barren  pund». 

Flowers  August. 


BUMELIA.     Gen.  pl.   1736. 


Corolla  S-Pida.  Kccta- 
tiufu  5-i)IiylIuiii.  Dnqm 
nionospcnna. 

1.   Lycioides. 

B.  spinosa,  erccta  ;  fo- 
iiis  lato  laiiceolatis,  utrin- 
rursli,    1. 


Corolla  5 -cleft.  Kecfa^ 
rij  5  leaved.  Drupe  t 
seeded. 

Sj)iiioiis,  erect ;  leaves 
broad,  lanceolate,  smooth 
on  both  sides. 


que  glabris. 

p.  iHd. 

Sidcroxvlon  Ivcioides,  Mich.  1.  p.  122.     Sp.  pl.  1.  p.  1090. 
litve,  Walt.  p.  100. 

A  small  tree,  with  the  branches  smooth  and  slightly  flexuous. 
t-cavps  lanceolate,  on  short  petioles,  alternate  on  the  younu;  branches, 
clustered  (3 — G)  on  the  old  alternate  buds.  Spines  short  and  strong;, 
axillary.  Flowers  clustered  (20 — 30),  on  the  summit  of  the  old  buds. 
J'>-rfa»c/e5  about  lialf  an  inch  long,  one  flowered.  Cornlla  greenish 
white.     Drupe ^  as  in  all  the  succeeding  species,  nearly  black. 

Grows  in  damp  soils. 

F'lowers  May — June. 

The  wood,  though  not  used  by  mechanics,  is  extremely  hard,  heavy 
and  irregularly  grained. 


3.    RECLIN^TA. 

B.  spinosa,  diflusa ;  ra- 
mis  sterilibus  divaricaiis; 
foliis  parvuiis,  obovalis, 
glai)eniiiiis.  Pursb,  1.  p. 
1  j3. 

Sideroxylon  reclinatum,  Mich.  1.  p.  122. 

A  small  straggling  shrub. 

Grows  along  tlie  banks  of  rirers  in  Georgia, 

riowers  Jun(>— July. 


Spiny,  spreading ;  the 
sterile  branches  divaii- 
cate  ;  leaves  snnll,  ol>o- 
vate,  very  smooth. 


Mich. 


%ss 


FENTANDRIA  MONOGYNlAc 


3.  Tenax. 

B.  spinosa  ;  foliis  cii--  [ 
iieato-lanceolatis,  pie-  | 
rumque  obtusis,  subtus  | 
sericeo-nitentibus.  ! 


Spiny  ;  leaves  wed2;e 
shaped  linceolate,  fre- 
quently obtuse,  silky  an- 
derneath. 


Bumelia  tenax.  Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1085. 

—  chrysophjlloides,  Pursh,  1.  p. 


155. 


Sideroxylonchrysophylloides,  Mich.  I.  p.  123» 
sericeum,  Walt.  p.  100. 

A  small  tree  sometimes  20 — 30  feet  hig;h  ;  young  branches  slenderj 
6traig;ht,  flexible,  and,  as  in  all  of  the  species,  very  difficult  to  break. 
The  Flowers,  also  the  mode  of  flovering  and  the  drapes  are  similar  in 
all.  The  leaves  in  this  species  are  clothed  on  the  under  surface  with 
a  soft,  white,  silky  down.     Drapes  oval. 

Grows  in  dry  sand}  soils. 

Flowers  June — July. 


4.  Lanuginosa.     Mich. 

B-  spinosa  ;  ramiilis 
patentissiniis,  piibescen- 
tibus ;  foliis  ovali-lanceo- 
latis,  subtus  lanuginosis. 


Spiny  ;  branches  ex* 
paneling,  pubescent  ; 
leaves  oval  lanceolate, 
woolly  on  the  under  sur- 
face. 


Pursh,  1.  p.  155. 

Sideroxylon  lanujiinosum,  Mich.  1.  p.  122. 

tenax  f   Walt.  p.  100. 

Smaller  than  the  preceding  species.  Leaves  frequently  obtuse  obo* 
vate,  clothed  with  a  ferruginous  down  on  the  under  surfiice.  Drupes 
globose. 

Grows  in  light  soils. 

Flowers  June — ^July. 


RHAMNUS.     Gen.  pi..  358. 


Calyx  tubulosus.  Co- 
rolled  sqii anise  stamina 
munientes,  calyci  insertse. 
Bacca  a — 4)  sperm  a. 


Calyx  tubular.  Scaled 
of  the  corolla  protecting 
the  stamens, inserted  into 
the  calyx.  Berry  3-*4» 
seeded* 


FENTANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


289 


i.  Caroi.iniam's. 

H.  ineimis  ;  foliis  al- 
teniis,  Qvali  obloiigis,  in- 
tcKriusL'ulis,  costutis,  ij;Ia- 
bris ;  u!nl»L'llis  jjcihincu- 
latls  ;  lloribus  oiuiiibus 
Icitilihiis. 

>Valt.  p.  101.     Mich.  1.  p.  15; 


Unarmed ;  leaves  al- 
ternate, o\al  ohloi'.g,  en- 
tire, rihbed,  sclabrous  ; 
unil)els  on  pivlundes  ; 
HuNveis  all  Icilile. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  1G6. 

A  sluiib  4 — G  feet  fiigli.  Leaves  obloiii;  lanceolate,  sometimes  acu- 
niinute,  ribbe«l  with  parallel  veins.  Flowers  in  >niall  UJiihels  4 — 6 
flowered  on  axillary  branches,  frequently  tetraniirous.  Berry  glo- 
bose, 4  seeded. 

Griiw  s  in  fertile  soils.     Common  along  the  sea  coast. 

Flowers  May — June. 


2.  IMiNUTiFLonus.     Mich. 


R.  foliis  oppositis.  ova- 
to-lanceolatis,  scnatis,  lu- 
ci..is  ;  florihus  niinuti.ssi- 
mis,  di(jitis.  in  paniculis 
spicatisjterminalibus.    K. 


Leaves  opposite,  ovate 
lanceolate,  sei  rate,  lu<  id  ; 
flowers  very  small,  dioi- 
coiis.  in  terminal,  spiked 
panicles. 


Mich.  1.  p.  154.     Pursh,  1.  p.  IGG. 

A  shrub  6—8  feet  hit;h,  much  branched.  Leaves  nearly  sessile, 
sometimes  acuminate,  small,  shinitiii;,  veiny,  not  ribbed.  Flowers 
very  minute,  sessile,  liu  my  specimens  opposite),  (alternate,  ^lich.)  in 
small  termii 
ed.    Mich.) 


small  terminal  panicles,  peutandrous.     {^tyle  3  cleft.     Berry  3  seed- 


'l& 


Tiie  ureat  difterence  in  the  habit  of  these  two  plants  renders  it  pro- 
bable that  they  do.not  belong  to  the  same  i:;enus  ;  but  1  have  had  no  op- 
poitunity  of  examining:;  this  species,  havinu;  only  seen  it  once,  imper- 
iectly  in  flower,  in  Michaux's  old  g;arden,  near  Charleston. 

Grows  alon'i  the  sea  coast  from  Carolina  to  Florida.    Mich. 

Flowers  October— November. 


Cat  If  X  tubnlosiis.  Co. 
rolhc  squamje  stamina 
munientes,calyci  insert  a?. 
Drupn  nuce  inouo  vel 
dispcrma. 


ZlZYPTirS. 

C(ih/r  tubular.  Scales 
of  ibe  corolla  protcctifij; 
the  stamens,  inserted  in- 
to tlic  calyx.  Drupe  vfiXh 
the  nut  1  or  ^  seeded. 


91  ;i 


^9a 


PENTANDRIA   M0N0G\NIA, 


Unarmed  ;  leaves  o- 
vate,  jibbed,  very  entire, 
sliglitly  undulate  ;  um- 
bels on  peduncles,  axilla- 
ry ;  stem  twining. 


1.    VOLUBILIS. 

Z.  inermis  ;  fbliis  ova- 
tis,  costatis,  integerrimis, 
subundulatis  ;  umbellis 
pedunculatis,  axillaiibus ; 
caule  volubili.  Sp.  pi.  l. 
p.  1103. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  188-. 

Rhamnus  volubilis,  Walt.  p.  101.     Mich.  1.  p.  153. 

Stem  twining  over  shrubs  and  small  trees,  with  many  small  branches,- 
Zisaves  alternate,  oval  and  ovate,  acute,  a,labrous.     Floivers  in  small 
umbels  or  racemes,  axillary  and  terminal,  dioicous.     Drupe  oval, 
generally  one  seeded,  purple. 

In  the  structure  of  its  leaves  and  in  its  mode  of  flowering,  very 
nearly  allied  to  the  Rhamnus  Carolinianus,  from  which  it  has  been  sepa- 
rated perhaps  unnecessarily  on  account  of  its  fruit. 

Grows  in  damp,  rich  clayey  soils.  The  stem  when  green  is  verj- 
flexible  and  tough. 

Flowers  May — June.  Supple  Jack,, 

CEANOTHUS.     Gen.  pl.  361. 


3-locularis,  3-sper- 


Petala  5,  saccata,  forni- 
cata.     Dacca  (capsula }) 
sicca, 
jiia. 
1. 
C. 
latis. 


4mericanus. 
foliis  ovato-lanceo- 
acutis,  triplinervi- 
bus,  serratis,  pilosis ;  pan- 
iculis  axillaiibus,  longe 
pedunculatis.     E. 


Petals  5,  sack-like  and 
arcbed.     Berry  (or  cap-^ 


sule .?)   dry, 
seeded. 


3   celled,  3- 


Leaves  ovate  lanceo- 
late, tnj)ly  nerved,  acute, 
serrate,  bairy  ;  panicles 
axillary,  on  long  pedun- 
cles. 


Sp.  pl.  1.  p.     Walt.  p.  101.    Mich.  1.  p.  154.     Pursh,  1.  p.  167. 

Moot  very  large  for  the  size  of  the  plant,  dark  red.  Stem  frutes- 
cent,  £ — 5  feet  high,  the  young  branches  pubescent.  Leaves  2  inches 
long,  1  wide,  acutely  serrate,  nerved,  tlie  veins  underneath  very  hairy 
but  scarcely  tomentose  ;  petioles  half  an  inch  long,  pubescent.  The 
common  peduncles  longer  than  the  leaves,  pubescent;  the  partial  half 
an  inch  long,  glabrous.  Panicle  composed  of  clustered  racemes.  Co,  \ 
lyx  turbinate,  persistent,  white  ;  border  5  cleft ;  tlie  segments  acute, 
inflexed.  Petals  white,  deciduous,  clawed,  compressed,  obtuse,  in- 
6e.rted  into  tiie  calyx  between  the  segments,  enclosing  the  stamens. 


PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


a<ji 


Filamentu  short,  incurved,  inserted  into  the  base  of  the  petals.  Jin- 
fhers  noarlv  sl<>''"lii''«  incuinboiit,  reHi'xed,  '2  celled,  dtrm  3  anjjled, 
tito  l»ase  clotlu'd  hv  tlie  calvx,  the  up|)er  part  surroiiiided  hy  a  pur|)li',h, 
dentate,  nectariferous  .''  nwj^.  Siylf  as  lonn  a.s  the  stamens,  3  cleft. 
.*»''/;rmfl.-<  >imple,  obtuse.  Berry  /  i\ry,  3  angled,  obtuse,  hollowed  at 
the  summit,  3  celled.  Seed  one  iu  each  cell,  oval,  slightlj  angled  oa 
the  inner  side. 

Grows  in  li^ht  soils. 

Flowers  Mav — July-  Red-root    ^''eu'-Jersey  tea-tree. 

The  bark  of  the  root  is  intensely  astringent,  and  may  be  used  in 
all  cases  where  the  use  of  astritijjents  is  indicated,  in  the  form  of  in- 
fusion, tincture  or  powder.  It  is  of  a  dark  red  coLyur,  which  it  iia' 
parts  to  water  or  alcohol. 


Cat 
Leaves 


small, 


late,       serrate, 
hairy  ;  racemes 
late,    axillary,    oa 
peduncles. 


lanceo- 
sli2;litly 
paiiicu- 
long 


S.  Intermeuius  .?    Mulil 

C.  ibliis  parvulis,  lan- 
ccolatis,  serratis,  paice 
pilosis  ;  racemis  panicu- 
latis,  axillaribiis,  louge 
pcdiinculatis.     E. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  iGr. 

In  habit  very  similar  to  the  preceding  species,  but  every  way  smal- 
ler. The  leaves  6 — 8  lines  loii";,  ■2 — I  wide,  slii;;htly  serrate,  strictly 
lanceolate,  3  nerved,  hairy  along  the  nerves.  I'anide  small,  and  the 
racemes  almost  simple. 

From  specimens  collected  near  the  Oconee,  Georgia,  by  Mr.  Jackson^ 

Flwwers 


3.  Perexnis.     Ptirsli. 

C.  t'oliis  ovalibus,  sub- 
serrulatis,  *r;labris  ;  pani- 
ciilis  thyrsoideis,  termi- 
nalibus  axillaribusquc. 
Pursli.  1.  p.  167. 

Leaves  as  large  as  those  of  the  C.  Aniericanus,  but  glabrous.   Stems 
generally  die  down  to  root  every  winter.     Pursh. 

Grows  on  rocks  near  rivers,  in  Virginia  and  Carolina. 
Flowers  May. 


Leaves  oval,  slightly 
serrulate,  glal)rous ;  pan- 
icles thysus  formed;  ter- 
njinal  and  axillarv. 


4.  MrcROpiivi.Lus.     Mich. 


C.  foliis  minutis,  oho- 
vatis,  integriusculis,  fasci- 


Leaves  very  small,  (v 
bovate,     nearly     entire, 


393 


PENTANDRIA  MOI^OGYNIA. 


ciilatis,  glabris  ;  racemis 
corymbosis,  terminalibus, 
E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  154.    Pursh,  1.  p. 


clustered,  glabrous ;  ra- 
cemes corymbose,  termi- 
nal. 

167. 


Stems  many  from  each  root,  1 — 2  feet  hi^h,  branches  long,  slender 
but  straight,  all  smooth  and  yellow  Leaves  very  small,  clustered, 
glabrous,  3  nerved,  ob-  vate,  sometimes  when  young,  sparingly  tootb- 
ed.    Racemes  simple,  clustered,  resembling  corymbs. 

Pooti^  as  in  all  of  the  species,  very  large. 

Grows  in  dry  pine  barrens,  in  Chatham  county,  Georgia,  common. 

Flowers  early  in  April. 


EUONYMUS.     Gen.  pl.  373. 


Corolla  .5-petala.  Cap- 
sula>  5-g()na,  3 — 5-locu- 
lai is,  3-5'Valvis, coloiata. 
^emina  calyptrata. 

1.    AiUEllICANUS. 

E.  ramis  4.aijgu]atis  ; 
foliis  elli  ptico-lanceolatis, 
acutis,  serratis  ;  pedun 
culis  subtrifloris ;  floribus 
omnibus  5-fidis  ;  f?  ucti- 
bus  verrucoso-muricatis. 
Pursh,  1.  p.  168. 

Sp.  pi.  l.p.  1132.       Walt.  p.  102.-   Mich.  1.  p.  155. 

A  shrub  4 — 5  feet  high,  terete,  glabrous,  branches  opposite,  brach- 
iate  }  slender,  finely  furrowed.  Leaves  oblong,  acute,  opposite,  nearly 
se-.sile.  somewhat  cordate  ;  penducles  axillary.  Calyx  very  small, 
5  parted.  Petals  expanding,  flat,  obovate,  small,  green,  tinged  with 
purple.  Stamens  shorter  than  the  corolla.  Capsule  rough,  succulent. 
iieed  1  in  each  cell  covered  with  a  rough  scarlet  coat  ?  resembling  a 
berry,  adhering  to  the  capsules  after  they  expand. 

Grows  in  rich,  damp  soils.     Oinamental  when  the  fruit  is  mature. 

Flowers  April — May.  Strawberry  tree.     Spindle  tree. 


Corolla  5  petalled. 
Capsule  5  angled,  3 — 5 
celled,  3 — 5  valved,  col- 
oured.    Seed  veiled. 

Branches  4  angled  ; 
leaves  elliptic  lanceolate, 
acute,  serrate ;  peduncles 
generally  3  flowered  ; 
flowers  all  5-cleft  ,•  fruit 
roughened,  warty. 


2.  Angustifoltus.     Lyon. 


E.  ramis   4  angulatis  , 
foliis  liiieari-ellipticisj  sub- 


Branches    4 
leaves     linear 


angled  ; 
eliiplicj 


PENTANDRTl   MONOGYNIA. 


^93 


faloatis,  suhiiitCGjcniinis  ; 
j)t'<)niKulis  ^  plcrumquL* 
iiniflr)iis  :  tloriluH  omni- 
bus ;3-ti  lis;  lVii(lll)M^>  vcr- 
rucoso-inmicalis.    rursli, 

i.  p    HJH. 

Leavef  iiiMilv  8ps»«ilo.  Nearly  allu'd  to  the  prectMlins; species, but  it 
vas  >ai<l  by  Mr.  Lvoii.by  wlunn  it  was  discovfriMl,  to  preserve  its  cliar- 
actfT  when  raised  i'nun  need.     It  is  still  however  a  doubtrul  species. 

Grows  in  fertile  soils  iu  woods,  in  the  western  districts  of  Cieorsia. 


slii!;lilly  scythe  sluipcd, 
nearly  entire ;  peduncles 
e;cnerally  1  flowered  ; 
Ho  we  IS  all  .3  cleft  ;  fruit 
ruui»;liencd,  ivarty. 


3.     A  rilOPI  RPFHEUS. 

E.  foliis  peiiolatis,  o!)- 
longo-lanceolutis,  acutni- 
iiatis,  serratis  ;  poduncu- 
lis  divaricati-*.  ni:iltifloris; 
lloriuus  4-lidis  :  fructibus 
lanil)us.  Puihli,  i.  p. 
168, 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1132. 

Leax'ps  miich   longer  titan  tliosf 
dark  purple.     Fruit  red. 

Grows  on  the  banks  of  rivulets, 
Flowers  May — July. 


Leaves  petiolate,  ob- 
long lanceolate,  acumi- 
nate, serrate  ;  peduncles 
divaricate,  many  flower- 
ed ;  flowers  4  cleft  5  fruit 
smooth. 


of  the  E.  Americanus.     Floiaers 
from  New -York  to  Carolina. 


1TE\.  r.EN.  Pl.  SSI. 


CfjJjfT  5-fidus.  Pdala 
5,  calyci  iiiscrta.  IStigma 
c:ipitatum.  liilul)um  ( 'up- 
sula  a-val\i.s  2-lotularis  ; 
>alvis  n)argiiie  mlroflcxo 
seminifcris. 


Culjix  ri  cleft.  Petals 
5.  inserted  into  the  calyx. 
stigma  ca|)itatc,  xj  lobcd. 
Capsu/e  2  valved,  2  cell- 
ed ;  the  valves  bearing 
the  seed  along  the  iii- 
llcxcd  inarffin. 

ViRGINICA. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  114G.     Walt  p.  102.     Mich.  1.  p.  156. 

A  sltrub  3 — 6  feet  hi<;ii,  branchinir,  the  youns;  branches  flexible  and 
pubescent.  Leaves  alternate,  lanceolate,  acuminate,  serrulate,  \vith 
the  veins  pubescent.  Ii.ilit  green,  the  upper  surface  having;  a  .silkv  lus- 
tre ;  petioles  j — 5  lines  lonj;.    Flowers  in  terminal,  simple  racemes  : 


S94 


PENTANDRIA  MONOOYNIA, 


proper  peduncle  2  lines  long,  with  a  subulate,  deciduous  bracteaatits 
base.  Caly.r  persistent.  Fet:  Is  white,  lanceolate,  glabrous  on  the 
outer  surface,  hairy  within,  3  times  as  lony;  as  the  calyx,  inserted  into 
its  summit  between  tlie  segments.  Filami'nts  shorter  than  the  corolla, 
inserted  into  the  calyx  between  tlie  petals.  Antliers  incumbent,  2  cel- 
led, yellow.  Gf  rm  superior,  hairy.  Style  taperinsr,  furrowed.  Stig' 
"ma  obscurely  2  lt>bed.     Seeds  many  in  each  cell,  somewhat  angular. 

Grows  in  wet  land,  on  tiie  eJj^es  of  rivulets  and  along  ditches*' 
Very  common. 

Flowers  April — MaV. 


CYRILLA.     Gen.  pl.  380. 


Calyx  minutiis,  5-j)ar- 
titus.  Petala  5 , cal Vi. ii n - 
serta.  Stigmata  ^.  Bac- 
ca  ?  exsiccabili?,  (capsu- 
la  non  deliiscens .?)  2  lo- 
cularis.  iSenwia  solita- 
riajfuniculoappensa.  Pei- 
soon,  1.  J).  175. 

1.  Hacemifhh?a. 

C.  foliis  cLineato-lance- 
olatis,  coriaceis,  glahei'ii- 
niis ;  petalis  calyce  Iri- 
pio  longioribus.     E. 


Calyx  minute,  5  part-^ 
ed.  Petals  5,  inserted 
into  the  ra  yx.  istigmas 
2.  Bcrrij  beconiing  dry, 
(or  capsule  not  opening,?) 
2  celled.  Seed  solitai*y, 
attached  to  a  sin  all  cord. 


Leaves  lanceolate 
wedge  shaped  at  base,  co- 
riaceous, very  smooth  i 
petals  3  times  as  long  as 
the  calyx. 

Walt.  p.  103. 

Cyrilla  Car  liniana,  Mich.  1.  p.  158.     Persoon.  1.  p.  \75^ 

Itea  Cyrilla,  Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1146. 

A  large  shrub,  sometimes  growing  15  feet  high.  The  branches  ap- 
pear verticillate,  and  spring  every  }  ear  from  the  summit  of  the  old 
Avood,  when  young  they  are  n»arked  by  tiie  slightly  decurrent  leaf. 
Leaves  alternate,  very  entire,  sometimes  obov.ate,  growing  only  on  the- 
wood  of  the  present  year  ;  ,  etioles  S~  4  lines  long,  slightly  winged.- 
Flowers  in  slender,  simple,  somewhat  pendulous  racemes,  clustered 
at  the  summit  of  the  last  years  branches.  Petals  3  times  as  long  as 
the  calyx,  inserted  at  the  base  of  the  germ.  Filaments  alternating 
■with  the  petals,  shorter  than  the  corolla.  ./Jnf/ters  incumbent,  bifid  at 
base,  2  celled.  Germ  superior .''  Style  short,  thick,  turgid  in  the 
middle,  the  summit  compressed,  sli5.';htly  2  cleft.     Stigmas  2,  obtuse. 

Grows  in  wet  ground,  around  ponds  and  rivulets  of  the  pine  bar-^ 
rens. 

Flowers  June. 


PENTANDRFA    MONOGYNIA. 


295 


The  outer  l>ark  t»f  the  i»l(lest  shrubs,  near  the  grnuiul,  is  extremely 
li;;ht  ami  iViable,  and  aitsurtis  imtisttirc  witli  so  nuicii  avidity  t!  at  it 
niav  De  u«»e«l  >\it"i  ailvanta-.e  instead  of  A'^aric  and  similar  stvpJiis. 
When  r'ibiM'  1  bet  wen  the  hainls  it  excites  a  sensation  similar  t.,  f'.at 

frodiircd     Iter   iiinvrsinpT   the   liands  in   a  .stron:;    aslrin^'-nt    fluid, 
t  lrnii>>  a  ««ei  viceahle  application  to  wounds  or  ulcers,  where  the  in* 
»lication  is  to  ciialrize  them. 


GALAX.     Gen.  pl.  383. 


Calyx  5-part'tiH.  /V- 
tnJa  :i.  Tiibiia  lO-fiMiis. 
1  iciiiiis  .J  altci'Jiis  l)le^ io- 
ril)us,  anlhcrilcris.  Sli,^- 
ma  3  lobiim.  Cap.sula 
S  loriilaris,  J-valvibjpoh- 
iipcniia. 

i.    AlTIYLLA.       Sp    pi.   I 


(V////.r  .3  parted.  Prtr/Is 
2.  Tf.'he  10  cleft,  witli 
.')  s(<i;mcnts  altornatoly 
shorter  ami  heaiiiiii;  the 
anthers.  iSiignia  3  lohed. 
Capsule  3  celled,  3  valved, 
iiiuoy  seeded, 
p   1116. 


Cialax  rotunditolia,    Piirsh,  2.  p.  44G. 

Krvthroilii/.a  rotundifoiia.   Mich.  2.  p.  55. 

Solanandra  cordifolia,   Ventenat.  Malm.  j<.  C9.     Pers.  2.  p.  215, 

Perennial-  lioof  crcep'iif;,  of  a  deep  red  colnnr.  Rout  leaves  on 
loD<;  petioles,  reniform  or  cordate,  :;lahrous.  Scape  1-2 — 1 8  indies 
ioHir,  naked, excepting  that  it  is  surrounded  a  base  b^'  scales.  Flow- 
ers numeious,  crowded  on  a  long  raceme,  pedicels  aiiout  2  lines  Ion"-, 
Corolla  small,  white. 

Grows  on  mountains.     Ur.  Macbride. 

Flowers  May — August. 


RIBES.     Gen.  pe.  390. 

PrtaJn  5^  et  stamina  ca-  I  Prfals  .5,  and  with  the 

lyci  iiiserta.     67/////S  iA'i-  \  stamens  inserted  into  the 

dus.    Bacca  polyspcrma,  calyx.   *S////6'2chTt.    />r- 

infera.  /•//  man}*  seeded,  inrcrior, 

1.    UOTUNDIFOLIEM.       Mlcll. 

H.  s])ina  siihaxillaii ;  Sj/ine  generally  axilla- 
foliis  sul)()ihiciilatis.  lol)is  ly  ;  leaves  Fieai ly  round, 
sul)rotundo()l)tusi.s;  ped-  the  lohes  obtuse  ;  pcdun- 
iincuiis   l-Uuiis  ;    limlu)  [  clcs  1  ilovvcrcdj    bordci 


296 


PENTANDRIA    MONOGYNTA. 


calycis  tubuloso  ;  bacca 
glabra.  Peisoon,  1.  p. 
252, 

Wich.  1.  p.  1 10. 
Grows  on  the  high  mountains  of  Carolina. 


of  the  calyx  tubular ;  ber- 
ry glabrous. 


Mich. 


2.  Gracile.     Mich. 

R.  spiiiula  subaxillaii  ; 
foliis  petiolis  gracilibus, 
iitrinque  pubescentibuf?, 
lobis  acutis,  dentato-inci- 
sis  ;  pedunculis  capilla- 
ribus,  subbifloris ;  calyci- 
bus  tubulato-canipanula- 
tis  5  buccis  glabris. 


I  Spine  small,  nearly  ax- 
I  illaiy  ;  leaves  on  slender 
I  petioles,  pubescent  on 
I  each  side,  tbe  lol)es  acute 
I  and  deeply  toothed  ;  ped- 
I  uncles  capillary,  gerie- 
I  rally  S  flowered  ;  calyx 
I  tubular  campanulate  ; 
I  berry  glabrous. 

Mich.  1.  p.  111.     Pursh,  1.  p.  165. 

Bfrries  purple  or  blue,  finely  tasted.    Pursh. 
Grows  on  rock  and  in  mountain  meadows,  iVum  New-Yo'k  to  Caro- 
lina. 
Flowers  April — June. 


VIOLA.     Gen.  pl.  1304. 


Calyx  5-phyllus.  Co- 
rolla 5-petala,  irregularis, 
posticecornuta.  Antherw 
cohserentes.  Capsula  su- 
pera,  S-valvis,  1  locularis. 

*  Acavles, 

i.   Lanceolata. 

V.  acaulis  ;  foliis  an- 
gusto-lanceolatis,  oblon- 
gis,  crenatis  ;  floribus  al- 
bis.     E. 

Sp.pl.  I.  p.  1161. 


Calyx  5  leaved.  Co- 
rolla  5  petalled,  irregu- 
lar, with  a  horn  at  base. 
Anthers  cohering.  Cap- 
sule supei'ior,  3  valved, 
1  celled. 

*  Stemless, 

Stemless ;  leaves  nar- 
row lanceolate,  ohlong, 
crenate;  flowers  while. 


Mich.  2.  p.  150.    Pursh,  l.p.  173. 


PENTAVnnM    M0N0CYNIA» 


207 


ll'wt  |>*reanial.  leaves  ulabr  us,  tlie  veiiiH  frequently  oppoKJte,  ta- 
jieiiiii;  at  tlio  l»aso,  nottrrallv  ve  y  narrow,  ;> — 5  iriclu's  hmj^,  liali  an 
iiuli  wide,  soini'tiiiies  liowevf r,  a  truly  lanceol -tt  leaf  itccurs.  f'/o</v 
ers  solitary.  Si-apf  4 — (i  iiiclirn  Ion;;,  curvt-d  at  llu-  suiDiiiit^rurni^iied 
witii  ^2  subulate  scales  above  the  iniddlf.  Le.iNes  of  t'.ie  calyx  acute, 
glabrous.  Tlif  '2  lati*ral /;cM/.s- bt'artli-il.  FUnmnita  very  slmrt.  »'7/i- 
thers  nearly  sessile,  appressed  to  tiie  •:;erin.  opening  al  »nj;  fiie  inner 
marL'ins,  ti>i  nii'iated  bv  an  ovate,  velbtw  i>ii  uteinbiatie.  Genu  su- 
perior, 3  angled.  'SVyV  >liort,  but  lon-.er  t'Mn  tiie  stannMiB,  Sti<!^!pa 
rapitate.  (kbliquely  concave.  Ca/jsulf  obtusely  .>  an<<;li-(i  S^fds 
ju-arly  globose,  attaclied  to  a  rec(S|)facle  in  t'le  ce:ttie  o'  ea^-li  valve. 

(Jrows  in  liumid  soi  s.  Very  abundant  in  \  et  pine  barrens,  but 
rare  near  tl\e  sen  coast. 

Flowers  February — .April. 


Stemlcss ;  leaves  ol)- 
niig,  soincsvhtit  heart 
haped,  serrate  ;  peiioles 


2.   Primiliioiia. 
V.    acaiilis ;  luliis    ob- 

iongis,  su')Cor'Jatis,  scr- 
ratis ;  peliolis  ineml)raii;i- 
ccis.    Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  !  1 02.  j  iiiembranous. 

AValt.  p.  219.     Pursh,  1.  p.  173. 

Perennial.  Leaves  serrate,  j^labrous,  at  first  coniate,  obtuse,  aftT- 
wanls  acute,  and  t'le  sinus  at  base  nearly  e.ta(;]ed  as  t.ie  wings  along 
tlie  petioles  dilate,  jienerally  2 — 3  inclies  Ion;;,  li  wide,  sometimes 
twice  that  <'v/.e.  Scojje  3 — A  inches  ion;;;,  2  scales  ratlier  below  the 
middle.  CoriMa  white  ;  the  upper  petal  veined  at  ba>e  with  |)urple, 
the  lateral  petals  thinly  beard<'(l  alonj;  the  lower  ed-e. 

Both  Waher  and  Alichaux  appear  to  have  united  tliis  with  the  pre% 
ceding  species. 

Grows  in  wet  soils,  alon^:;  the  sides  of  ditches.    Very  coniinon. 

Flo    ers  Februa  y — April. 


Leaves  cordate,  ol)tu.se, 
very  pul)escenf,  soiiie- 
\N  liat  lioary ;  calyx  acute  ; 
llowcrs  snniil,  pale  hluc. 


3.  Vii.losa.     Walt. 

V.  fuliis  coi'datis,  oblu- 
•sis,  pubeiitissiinis,  canes- 
ccntil)us  :  calyce  aciito  ; 
floribiis  parvulis,  cujiu- 
le.sceiitil)us.     E. 

Walt.  p.  219. 

Perennial,  leaves  crcnae,  very  downy  ratlier  than  villoufi,  soft, 
thii  k  ;  t!ie  sinus  at  base  small,  open  ;  wiien  >uun2  the  leases  ae()uire 
fr  in  tlie  pu  >ej»ceiire  a  hoary  a^p*  ct.  and  aie  \arie^ate<l  with  p'lrulc 
Tcms.    Fetals  smuW,  ine   3  upper  bearded,  the    2   lower   spruikleU 

V  2 


S9^ 


•PENTANDRTA  MONOGYNfA, 


with  hairs.  The  late  flowers,  as  remarked  by  Walter,  frequently 
apetalous- 

From  the  V.  sagittata,  with  which  it  has  been  confounded,  very  dis- 
tinct. 

Grows  in  dry  sandy  soils.     Leaves  generally  prostrate. 

.Flowers  March — April. 


4.  R0TUNDIF01.TA.     Mich. 


V.  acaulis  ;  foliis  orbi- 
<;iilato.cordatis,  siibdenta- 
tis,  glabriijsculis  ;  petiolo 
pubescente  ;  calyce  ob- 
tuso  ;  floribus  luteis. 

Mich.  2.  p.  150. 

V.  clandestina?  Pursh,  I.  p.  17S. 

With  this  plant  I  am  only  acquainted  through  the  description  0^' 
|)f  Michaux,  who  adds,  that  the  sinus  at  base  is  closed. 
Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina, 
riowers 


Stemless ;  leaves  orbi- 
cular cordate,  slightly 
toothed,  glabrous  ;  peti- 
oles pubescent  ;  calyx 
obtuse ;   flowers  yellow. 


6.  Bland  A, 

V.  glabra ;  foliis  corda- 
tis,  remote-serratis ;  ped- 
unculis  longitudine  folio- 
rum  ;  petalis  imberbibus, 
infimo  reliquis  longiore, 
lanceolato.  Willd.  Hort. 
Berol.  1.  t.  24. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  172. 

Leaves  nearly  acute  and  flat.  Flowers  yellowish  white.  The  tw& 
lateral  petals  short,  the  lower  marked  with  blue  stripes  ajid  veins. 
Pursh. 

Grows  in  wet  soils,  from  New-York  to  Carolina* 

Flowers  April — June. 


Glabrous  ;  leaves  cor- 
date, remotely  serrate  ; 
peduncles  as  long  as  the 
leaves ;  petals  beardless^ 
the  lowest  longer  thaa 
the  rest,  lanceolate. 


6.    CUCULLATA. 

V.  acaulis ;  foliis  corda-  |  Stemless;  leaves  cor- 
tis,  acutiusculis,  glabris,  |  date,  somewhat  acute, 
l>asi  cucullatis  5   floiibus  j  glabrous,  hooded  at  base ,- 


I^ENTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


291» 


invcrsis  ;  potiilis  oblique  |  flowers  inverted ;    petals 
llcxis.    Sp.  pi.  I.  p.  1  i6z.  I  oliliquciy  bent. 
Pursh,  1.  p.  irr>. 

V.  conlata,  Walt.  p.  219. 

Perennial.  Leaver  sitnu'timcs  reiiiform,  crenate,  when  younp;  tho 
an":lcs  inv«»lute.  IVduncK-h  l(»iii:er  than  the  leaves,  with  the  sniiiinit 
reflexcd.  Petals  blue  anti  purple,  uhite  at  l»a,se  ;  the  ba'«e  (if  the  upper 
one  with  violet  coloured  veins  :  of  the  two  lateral,  bearded;  of  t]»€ 
lower,  smooth. 

Sometimes,  though  rarely,  some  of  the  older  leaves  become  lobed* 

Grows  in  damn,  stift' clayey  -oils.    Very  common. 

Flowers  Marcn — April. 


7.  AsARiFoijA.     PursI 

V.  acaulis,  pubescens  ; 
foliis  dilatato-reniformi- 
bus.  acutis,  crenato-denta- 
tis,  I)asi  in  |)etioliini  atten- 
ualis ;  pedunculis  foliis 
niultobrevioribus.  Pursb, 
2  p.  733. 

Collected  by  Catesby,  in  Virj^inia  and  Carolina,  and  described  by 
Pursli  from  the  herbarium  of  Sherard 

The  V  asarifolia  of  Muhlenberg's  Catalogue,  which  he  afterwards 
proposed  to  tall  uliginosa,  is  a  caulescent  species,  and  very  dibtiuct 
from  this. 

Grows  in  damp,  shady  woods. 

JFlowers 


Steniless,  pubescent  ; 
leaves  dilated  reniiorin, 
acute,  crenute  or  tootbed, 
tbe  base  tapering  to  a 
petiole  ;  peduncles  much 
sborter  tban  the  leaves. 


8.  Sagiftata. 

V.    acaulis  ;    foliis  ob-  |       Steniless  ;   leaves  ob- 
longis,  acutis,  cordato-sa-  |  long,  acute,  cordate  sagit- 
gittatis,   serratis,  basi  in-  |  tate,  serrate,  notched  at 
cisis  ;    lloribus    inversis.  j  base ;  flowers  inverted. 
Sp.  pi.  t.  p.  1160.  I 

Pursh,  1.  p.  172. 

Leaves  very  oblong;,  nther  hastate,  sagittate,  dentate,  the  lower 
teeth  increasing  in  length  until  at  the  laieraf  lobes  the  leaf  becomes  la- 
ciniate,  pubescent,  slightly  ciliate.  (Peduncles  longer  than  the  leaves. 
vSegments  of  the  caly.i'  linear,  glal>nius.  CuroUa  pale  bluej  the  5 
lower  petals  bearded  at  base.     Pursii.) 

Grows  near  the  mountains  of  Carolina.     Mr,  Le  Conte. 

Flowers  March — April. 


aoa 


PENTANDRIA   MONOGYNlA. 


Stemless  ;  leaves  cor- 
date, palmate,  5  lobed, 
toothed  and  undivided. 


9.  Palmata. 

V.  acauli? ;  folii?  cor- 
diitis,  palmatis,  quinque- 
lohis,  dentatis  indivisib= 
que.  I 

Sp.pl.  1.  p.!  159.    WaU.p.218.    Mich.  2.p.  151.     Pursh,  l.p.  172.- 

'^  Perennial.  The  first  leaves  frequently  cordate,  hairy,  ciliate,  un- 
divided ;  afterwards  varipusly  disstcted,  glabntus,  dotted  or  rather 
dii^coloured  with  purple  ;  petioles  hair},  longer  than  the  stem.  Ped- 
uncles 4  -6  inches  lon^-^  hairy.  Petals  purple,  the  3  upper  ones 
bearded,  the  2  lower  naked. 

Of  this  plant  there  appears  to  be  many  varieties.  The  following^ 
merit  notice.  . 

Var.  a.  vulgaris  ;  the  two  exterior  lobes  of  the  leaves  have  frequently 
a  small  segment  near  the  base.  Grows  very  common  in  light- 
soils. 

b.  frngrans  ;  similar  to  the  preceding,  the  leaves  generally  more 
dissected,  tlie  fioweis  of  a  brighter  purple,  and  fragrant* 
Grows  13  mdes  from  Savannah,  on  the  great  southern  road. 

c.  diiutata  ;  with  leaves  deeply  3   parted,  the   lateral  segments 

2  cleft,  the  exterior  division  dilated  and  toothed,  sometimes 
dissected  ;  tlie  middle  segments  large,  toothed  ;  the  whole 
plant  very  pubescent.  This  is  the  common  variety  in  the 
upper  districts  ol  Georgia  and  Caroliiia. 
d»  heteropifhlla  ;  with  the  early  leaves  cordate,  late  ones 
hastate,  with  the  lateral  lobes  sometimes  divided,  a^ru* 
gost,  crenate  and  glabious;  the  middle  lobe  very  large. 
Peduncle  sometimes  12  inches  long  From  the  circumstance 
of  its  being  eaten  by  negroes,  I  had  called  it  V.  esculenta, 
it  is  however  the  V,  lieterophylla  of  Muhlenberg,  and  differs 
from  the  other  varieties  much  in  size,  and  by  its  glabrous  and 
rugose  leaves. 

Grows  in  river  swamps.     Common  on  the  Ogeechee. 

All  of  these  varieties  flower  in  March  and  April.  Wild  Okra. 

This  Violet  is  very  mucilaginous  and  much  used  by  nej!;roes  in 
their  soups.  In  domestic  practice  the  bruised  leaves  are  employed  as 
an  emollient  application. 


10.  Pedata. 

V.  aci.iilis  ;  foliis  peda- 
tiHi,  ?( ptentpartitis,  lad 
nils  lineari-laiicc'olatis,  in 
tejivis.  Persoon,  i.  p 
254.  from  Micliaiix. 

V^alt.  p.  219.      Mich.  2.  p.  151 
V.  dig,iiata,  PHrsh,  1.  p.  17  i. 


Stemless ;  leaves  pe- 
date,  7  parted,  segments 
linear  lanceolate,  entire. 


niNTANDRlA    MOVOGTNIA. 


dcri 


Hoof  porcnnlal.  The  leavef  aflTonl  {jpnorally  a  fine  exemplification 
t)f  ii  |«Miati>  I'-if.  wliere  ll»e  3  interior  so^inciitji  are  attaclied  to  tlie  in- 
ner side  of  t!ie  exterior  senmetits  :  the  sc:;tiients  are  soiiU'timoH  tooth- 
ed, and  the  leaves  occasionally  slightly  pubescent.  Co  oUa  blue, 
lar'^e  in  proportion  to  tlie  si/.e  i»l  the  plant. 

(irows  pleniil'illy  in  the  upper  districts  of -Carolina  and  Georgia; 
raielv  t'oiMid  witiiin  sixty  miles  of  the  sea  cuatt. 

Flowers  April — May. 


I       **  Iflfh  stems. 


Stem  erect, 
leaves  cordate. 
nato,  glabrous  ; 
entire. 


terete  ; 
acu  mi- 
slip  ule 


**  Caulesceiites, 

1 1.   Canaiikn-'is. 

V.  caule  erecto,  tereti- 
tisciilo  ;  foliis  conlatis, 
aciM  ifiatj"^,  dahris  ;  sti- 
piilis  iiitegiis.     Sp.  pi.  I. 

p.  1 1  or* 

Mich.  2.  p.  150.      Pursh,  I.  p.  174. 

Perennial.  Slem  simple,  leafy  towards  the  summit.  Leaven  cor- 
date, dentate,  witli  a  Inn;;,  taperin.:  puint ;  petioles  scarcely  exceedino- 
half  an  incir  Corolla  white.  Plant  slightly  pubescent.  Utivules 
very  small,  lar»cet»late. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina.     Mich. 

Flower* 


Stem  erect,  nearly  te- 
rete ;  leaves  o\atr,  cor, 
<late,  acute,  serrate ;  sti- 
pules lanceolate,  fringed 
l)y  the  scrratures. 


12.  Striata. 

V.  caulc  erecto,  semi- 
tereti  ;  tb'iis  ovalis,  cor- 
datis.  acutis,  serratis  ;  sti- 
pulis  lanceolalis,  serrato- 
ciliatis.    Sp.pl.  l.p.  i  IGG. 

V.  debilis  f   Mich.  2.  p.  1  jO. 
V.  canina,  >Valt.  p.  219. 

Perennial.  Stem  much  branched.  Leaves  acuminate,  sprinkled 
with  hair*,  on  short  peti(des.  Shpiilen  lacerate,  reduncles  sctlitarv, 
Variable,  sometimes  4  inches  long,  frequently  not  an  inch.  Corolla 
^vhite. 

Frotn  specimens  collected  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina,  by  Dr. 
Macbride. 

The  V.  canina  of  "Walter  is  a  prostrate  plant,  with  leaves  obtusely 
cordate,  f-oinetnnes  orbiculate  ;  peduncles  one  to  two  inches  Inno- 
stipules  lacerate  :  segments  of  the  calyx  very  acute  :  corolla  pale  blue! 

(irows  in  St.  Johns :  also  on  Jaiues'  Jslaild,  opposite  Charleston. 

Flowers  Marcl»— April. 


30S 


PENTANDRIA    MONOGYNIA^- 


Glabrous  ;  stem  sim* 
pie,  leafy  only  at  the  sum- 
mit ;  leaves  alternate, 
hastate  ;  stipules  small^ 
denticulate. 


13.  Hast  ATA.     Mich. 

V.  g'labriuscula;  caule 
simj)lici,  summitate  tan- 
tuin  folioso;  foliis  alter- 
nis,  hastatis  ;  stipulis  mi- 
iiutis,  denticulatis.  Mich. 
3.  p.  119. 

Pursh,  l.p.  174. 

Perennial.  Stem  about  a  font  high,  smooth.  Leaves  near  the  sum*- 
mit  hastate,  with  the  lobes  obtuse,  tlie  apex  acute,  slightly  serrate, 
glabrous,  the  veins  on  the  upper  surface  sprinkled  with  minute  hairs  ; 
petiole  3  to  2  inches  lonj.  Flowers  axillary,  solitary  j  peduncles, 
longer  than  the  petiole.     Calif.v  acute.     Vetah  yellow. 

From  specimens  collected  near  Athens,  Georgia,  by  Mr.  Green- 
Flowers  March— April. 


Haiiy  ;  stem  simple, 
leafy  only  at  the  summit ; 
leaves  deeply  3  parted, 
the  lobes  lanceolate,  den- 
tate ;  flowers  yellow. 


14.    TRrPARTITA.       E. 

V.  pilosa  ;  caule  sini- 
plici,  sumnriitate  tantum 
folioso  ;  foliis  |)rofun(le 
tiipartilis,  lobis  lanceola- 
tis,  dentatis;  floribus  lu- 
teis.     E. 

Perennial.  Stem  about  a  foot  high  ;  the  young  plant  villous^. 
Leavefi  divided  to  the  base,  ;-<ometimes  ternate,  very  hairy  ;  segments 
sometimes  acuminate  ;  stipules  lanceolate,  villous,  entire  or  serru- 
late. Peduncles  long,  slender,  with  2  minute,  alternate  scales  near 
the  middle.  Calyx  acute.  Tetals  yellow,  the  upper  one  beautifully 
streaked  with  purple. 

From  specimens  collected  near  Athens,  Georgia,  by  Mr.  Green. 

Flowers  March — April. 


15.  Arvensis. 

V.  caule  angulato,  sul- 
cato ;  foliis  ovato-lanceo- 
latis,  serratis  ;  stipulis  ba- 
si  incisis  ;  calyce  pubes- 
cente,  corollis  sublongi- 
ore.     Persoon,  i.  p.  2.^.5. 


Stem  angled,  furrowed  5 
leaves  ovate  lanceolate, 
serrate ;  stipules  incised 
at  base  ;  the  calyx  pu- 
bescent, rather  longer 
than  the  corolla. 


Annual?  iS'iem  erect,  10 — 12  inches  high,  glabrous,  angled.     Lowei"' 
Imves  spathulate,  oval,  nearly  orbicular  j  the  pedicels  nearly  an  ingb 


PENTANDRTA  MONOGYXrA. 


303 


Ions;;  tlie  upper  Ipaves  lanciMtlato,  ciliato  ;  stipules  shorter  than  the 
leaves,  the  ba>*e  piiinatitiil ;  segments  linear  laiicenlate,  ciliate.  Ca- 
lyx  ciliate,  in  my  specimens,  uhurter  than  the  curulla.  Fetah  pale 
blue  ? 

Mj  specimens  a2;ree  exactly  with  one  sent  me  fictin  Pennsylvani.i, 
"by  L)r  Miihlenbe:n;a«>  the  V.  ai  venhis.  and  exceptinii  in  the  proportiurial 
len;;th  of  tlie  calvx  and  corolla,  atnl  in  tlie  colour  of  the  corolla,  agree 
ivith  the  specific  character  of  l*erso<»n. 

Foniul  near  th«  CUataliouchie  river,  Creek  nation,  by  Dr.  Latham. 

Flowers 


Stems  erect  ;  leaves 
broad  lanceolate,  and 
with  the  hniceolate  li- 
near stipules  very  entire. 


16.    CONCOLOR. 

V.  can li bus  erecti'^ ;  fo- 
liis  lato-lanceolatis,  stipu- 
li- que  lanceolato-lineari- 
bus,  inte^eniniis.  Trans. 
Linn.  Soc.  6.  p.  309  t.  28. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  175. 

Perennial.  8tem  1 — 2  f<  et  hi^;h,  sli;fhtly  an2;le»l,  weak,  erect.  Leaver 
lanceolate,  long,  acuminate,  rugose,  entiie  or  irregularly  toothed. 
atipules  linear  lanceolate,  entiie.  Peduncles  very  short.  Flowers 
small,  pale  green.  i*etais  5,  the  2  upper  linear,  recurved,  entire  :  the 
2  lateral  linear,  toothed,  recurved;  the  loucrurte  2  parted.  iSy;«r 
very  short.  Stigma  hookeil,  perforate,  twice  as  long  as  t!ie  anther. 
Foster. 

Grows  in  the  deep,  shaded  vallies  of  the  mountains  of  Carolina. 
Dr.  Macbride. 

Flowers  June — July. 


LMPATIENS.     Gen.  pl.  136.5. 


Calyx  2-i)hyllus.  Co- 
rolla irregularis,  calcara- 
ta.  AntiierfB  connata?. 
Capsula  supera,  l-locu- 
laris,  i3-valvis. 

1.  Noli  Tangere. 

I.  pedunculis  soliiariis, 
nmltidoris  ;  Ibliis  ovatis, 
obtuse  dentatis  ;  genicu- 
lis  caulinis  tunientibus. 
Sp.  pl.  1.  p.  il76. 


Calj/x  a  leaved.  Co- 
rolla irreis;ular,  bearing  a 
s[)ur.  Anthrns  cohering. 
CV/;;.s7^/6' superior,  l  celled, 
o  valved. 

Peduncles  solitary, 
many  flowered  ;  leaves 
ovate,  obtusely  dentate  ; 
knees  of  the  stem  swol- 
len. 


Mich.  2.  p.  149.  var.  a>    Pursh^  l.  p.  iri> 


S04< 


PENTANDRU  MONOGYNIA. 


A  tenfler,  succulent,  annual  plant,  2 — 4* feet  high,  much  branched, 
very  siuooti).  i^ftem  and  branches  fiexuous.  Leaver  on  Ion"  petioles, 
crenate,  very  glabrous,  of  a  glaucous  hue.  J'eduncles  axillary. 
Jtlowers  yellow,  (unspotted.    Pursh.) 

Grows  in  wet  soils,  near  rivulets. 

Flowers  July — October. 


Peduncles  solitary,  f^enm 
erally  2  flowered  :  leaves 
ovate,  serrate  ;  flowery 
tawny,  v/itli  red  specks. 


2.    BlFLORA. 

1  pedimculis  solitariJs, 
plerumqiie  bifloiis :  foliis 
ovatis,  serratis  ;  floribus 
fulvis,  maculis  rubris. 
Walt.  p.  2i9. 

Sp.  pi    1.  p.  1175.       Pursh,  1.  p.  171. 
I.  noli  tangere,   Mich.  1.  p.  149.  var.  b. 

Very  similar  to  the  preceding  species.  The  leaves  are  said  to  be 
smaller  and  more  acutely  dentate,  and  thi' jJmrevs  less  numerous  and 
spotted.     I  have  not  had  an  opportunity  oi  comparing  them. 

Grows  in  swamps  and  wet  soils. 

Flowers  July — October. 


CISSUS. 


Bacca  S-lociilaris,  1 — 4- 
spernia.  Pdala  reflexo- 
patula.  decidua.  Kecta- 
rium  germ  en  cingens. 

1.  BiPiNNATA.     Mich. 

C.  foliis  bipinnatis,  fo- 
licAis  ovato-lanceolatis,in- 
ciso-dentatis  lobatisque  ; 
lloribus  corvmbosis.     E. 


Berry  2  celled.  1 — 4 
seeded.  Pdah  rcflexcd 
and  spreading,  deciduous. 
Nectary  girding  the  germ. 

Leaves  doubly  pinnate, 
leaflets  ovate  lanceolate, 
deeply  toothed  and  lobed, 
floweis  in  coiymbs. 


Vitis  arborea,  Sp.  pi.  1 .  p.  1 1 83. 

Hedera  arborea,  Walt.  p.  102. 

Ampelopsis  bipinnata,  Mich.  1.  p.  160. 

Cissus  stans,  Persoon,  1.  p.  143.     Pursh,  1.  p.  170. 

A  vine-like  shrub,  twining  around  trees,  branches  very  numerous,  a 
little  angular,  thickened  at  the  joints,  glabrous,  witliout  tendrils.  Leaves 
sometime'  decompound  ;  leaflets  slightly  cordate,  acute,  with  teeth 
mucronate,  glabrous,  veins  nearly  opposite  and  conn  cited  by  a  short 
ciliate  membrane.  Corymbs  opposite  tiie  leaves  ;  peduncles  com- 
poundly  dicliytomous,  pubebcent.    Cc/^vC  a  mere  margin  girding  the 


PENTANORIA  MONOGYXIA. 


^r)3 


base  of  tlic  e;prm.  sliji;litly  iintlulate.  Curul'a  '.Iccidiious,  I  pctalled  ? 
(le<*|)lv  5  purtcil  ;  se;;inents  ^cal•c^•ly  colieiin:;  at  base,  lance«)lato,  ex- 
j)uu  liiiu;,  f)u'»vbcent.  Filamruts  .T,  inserted  iiit  >  the  zfnn  at  the  base 
of  tiie  cruolla.  shorter  tiiaii  the  corolla.  J\'ectarif'/  a  meinbraiie  sur- 
rouudi-)^  the  ;;enn  vitliin  the  htamcns  ;  the  lioider  truncate,  but  »'» 
waved  U'i  to  resembb?  a  ten  b>l)e<l  mar;;iii.  fitrni  superior,  ovate,  j^la- 
brous,  taperin-i  to  a  very  short  sti/fn-.  S^tigma  obtuse.  lierry  {jlobosc, 
gla'jroiis,  black,  '2  celK>tl.     Seeds  1 — 2  in  cacli  cell. 

'I'liis  plant,  which  has  so  often  been  removed,  appears  to  be  certain- 
ly a  Cissus.  The  mere  addition  of  a  fifth  part  to  tt>e  corolla  and  hta- 
uiens  is  a  circumstance  too  trivial  to  coiistituie  a  new  genus,  and  it 
the  ori;;n»al  nam",  arhurea,  of  1/inna.us,  whicii  wan  incorrect,  ought 
to  bf  ciian;i;ed,  tlie  name  given  it  by  Micliaux  is  ccrtaiidy  entitled  to 
a  preference. 

Grows  in  damp,  rich  soils. 

Flowers  June — July. 


S.  HcDERACKv.     Pcrsoon. 


C.  caiilc  radicaiUe, 
scandente;  foli"H  quinato- 
digitatis ;  paniculis  coni- 
positis,  opposili-foliis  ; 
neclario  0  ^ 


Stein  radicant,  climbing ; 
leaves  digitate,  by  fives  ; 
panicles  compound,  op- 
[)f)sitc  the  leaves  :  necta- 
ry v/Luuing  ? 


Persoon,  1.  p.  143. 

Ampelopsis  quinquefolia,   Mich.  1.  p.  I  GO. 

Iledera  quintpiefolia,   Linn.  Hort.  Cliff.  7-1. 

^ -,  Walt.  p.  1U2. 

Vitis  hederacea,  \Villd.  !5p.  pi.  1.  p.  1183. 

Stem  ascendin»  l()fty  trees,  adhering  t  the  bark  by  short  lateral  fibres, 
sometimes  attachinj;:  itself  to  walls  or  fences,  jj'ahrous.  Leaflets  conneo 
<ed  at  base,  lanceolate,  ac  iiniiiate,  entire  near  t'lc  base,  stronj^ly  ilen- 
tnte  near  the  summit,  glabrous,  tlie  middle  leallets  lar{;;er  than  the  lat- 
eral. Petioles  4 — ti  inches  long,  /"'fiwic/f  .■^  oppoi^ite  t  le  lpaVi»s.  com- 
posed of  comp;)undly  dichotoinous  racemes  on  peduicii^s  I — J  inches 
long;  pedicels  1 — 3  lines  long,  anil  with  the  |)edu  iclos  glabrou**  ;ind 
purple.  Petals  4  times  as  long  as  the  ralyx.  with  the  summit  and 
margins  so  reflexed  as  to  t  rm  a  small  hood.  I  could  observe  no  nec- 
tary in  this  specie^  as  in  thr  ('.  hipinnata.     lii-rvy  4  celled,  4  seeded. 

Grows  in  soils  so  lewhat  humid. 

Flowers  in  June. 

Persoon  remarks  that  this  plant  is  admirably  calculated  to  clothe 
naked  walls  }  pi^rhaps  however  tor  this  pnrpo:?e  it  is  surpassed  iii  la- 
rilitv  of  growth  and  beauty  by  the  Bi2;nonta  radicans. 


3.  Amim:loi>is.      Persoon. 


C.  Ibliis  cordaii-^,  den- 
tatis :  paniculis    diclioto- 


Leaves  cordate,  tooth- 
ed j     panicles     diclioto- 


o  S 


906 


PENTANDRIA   MONOGYNIA^ 


mis ;     floribus   fi-andris. 
Persoon,  l.  p.  143. 


mous ;    flowers  pentan^ 
droiis. 

Ampelopsis  cordata,  Mich.  1.  p.  159. 

Stem  climbing.  Leaves  cordate,  unequally  dentate,  hairy  along  tiie 
nerves ;  the  base  frequently  straight,  as  if  truncate.  Panicles  oppo- 
site the  leaves,  dichotomous,  the  branches  expanding.  JVectartf  per* 
gistent. 

Grows  in  swamps  near  Granby,  South*-Carolina. 

Flowers 


CLAYTONIA.     Gen.  pl.  402. 


Calyx  3-valvis.  Co- 
rolla 5-petala.  Stigma 
o-fidum.  Capsiila  3-val- 
vis,  l-locularis,  S-sper- 
ma. 

1.    ViRGINICA. 

C.  foliis  lineari-lanceo- 
latis  ;  racemis  solitariis  ; 
calycis  foliis  acutiusculis ; 
petalis  obovatis,  retiisis ; 
radice  tuberosa.  Pursh, 
l.p.  175. 

Sp.pl.  1.  p.  1185.       Mich.  1. 


Calyx  3  valved.  Co* 
rolla  5  petalled.  Stigma 
3  cleft.  Capsule  3  valv- 
ed, 1  celled,  3  seeded. 


Leaves  linear  lanceo- 
late ;  racemes  solitary ; 
leaves  of  the  calyx  some- 
v^^hat  acute  ;  petals  obo- 
vate,  retuse  ;  root  tube- 
rous. 

160. 

Hoot  tuberous,  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  erect,  6 — 10  inches 
high,  terete,  glabrous,,  simple.  Leaves  two,  opposite,  generally  linear, 
entire,  glabrous,  connate,  at  base,  2 — 4  inches  long,  1 — 2  lines  wide. 
Flowers  (4 — 18)  in  a  simple  raceme  ;  peduncles  i — 2  inches  long, 
glabrous.  Spathe  a  short,  ovate,  obtuse  leaf  at  the  base  of  the  raceme. 
Calyx  2  leaved ;  leaves  lanceolate,  acute,  entire,  persistent.  Petals 
oval,  obtuse,  striate,  rose  coloured,  twice  or  three  times  as  long  as 
the  calyx.  Filaments  half  as  long  as  the  petals,  dilated  at  base,  in- 
serted Avith  the  petals  at  the  base  of  the  germ.  Anthers  erect,  ob- 
long, rose  coloured,  2  celled.  Germ  superior,  ovate.  Style  longer 
than  the  stamens,  3  cleft  at  the  summit.  Stigmas  linear,  obtuse, 
glandular,  slightly  reflexed.  Capsule  nearly  globose.  Seeds  some- 
what lenticular,  black,  1  or  2  ?  in  each  valve,  attached  to  a  central 
Teceptacle. 

Grows  in  shaded,  rich  soils.  Columbia,  Mr.  Herbemont.  At  the 
hfead  of  Cooper  river.  Dr.  Macbride," 

FFowers  March — Apiih 


PENTANDRIA    MONOGINIA. 


307 


2.  Caroliniana.     Mich. 

C.    foliis    spatbiilatis  ;         Leaves  spathulate  ;  ra- 

raccmo  solitario  ;  calycis  ccme  solitary  ;  leaves  of 

Ibliolis    obtusis  ;    petaiis  the  calyx  obtuse  ;  petals 

suhrotuiulis,  rctusis ;   ra-  nearly     round,    retusc ; 

dice  tuberosa.     Pursb,  l.  root  tuberous, 
p.  175. 

Mich.   1.  p.   160. 

C.  Virginica,  var.  h.    Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1185. 

leaves  scarcely  half  an  inch  long,  sometimes  2  pair  upon  a  stalt. 
Flowers  smaller  than  the  preceding  species,  rose  colourea,  with  pur» 
pie  veins.     Mich. 

Grows  amona;  the  mountains  of  Carolina. 

Flowers  in  March. 


ANYCHIA.     Mich. 


Calyx  connivens,  laci- 
uiis  oblongis.  Corolla  0. 
Filamenta  distincta.  Stig- 
mata 3.  Capsnla  utricu- 
laria,  non  dehiscens.  Se- 
meii  i. 

1.  Canadensis. 

A.  caule  erecto,  dicho- 
tonio.  pubcscente  ;  foliis 
lance  olatis  ;  stipulis  ple- 
rumquc  quaternis ;  caly- 
cis foliolis  acutis.     E. 


Calijx  connivent,  the 
segments  oblong.  Corol- 
la 0.  Filaments  distinct. 
Stigmas  2.  Capsule  Wke 
a  bladder,  not  opening. 
Seed  1. 

Stem  erect,  diclioto- 
mous,  pubescent ;  leaves 
lanceolate  ;  stipules  gen- 
erally by  fours  ;  leaves  of 
the  calyx  acute. 

.    Pursh,  1.  p.   ir6. 
p.  494. 

Perennial.  Stem  6 — 12  inches  hit^h,  terete,  very  pube&cenf,  to- 
wards the  summit  much  branched.  Lenvrs  oppusite,  nearl)^  glabrous, 
sessile,  sprinkled  along  the  margins  occasionally  with  hairs,  dotted 
on  eacli  side.  Stipules  communly  4  at  each  joint,  membranous,  much 
shorter  than  the  joints.  Floicers  solitary,  terminal,  but  from  the 
number  of  branches  appearing  to  be  in  terminal  fascicles  or  corymbs; 
4  stipules  at  the  base  of  each  flower.  Calyx  5  parted  ;  scgnicnts 
somewhat  hooded  at  the  point,  a  little  extended  beiiind  the  summit. 
Corolla  0.    Stamenfi  sliorter  tlian  the  calyx.     {Stigmaa  2.    Mich.) 


A.  dicliotoma,  Mich.  1.  p.  113 
Queria  Canadensis,  Sp.  pi.  1. 


308 


PENTANDRIA  MONOGYNlA. 


This  plant,  whilst  it  (lifters  in  habit  from  the  Queria  Hispaiiica,  az 
fiffureri  ii)  Quers  Flora  Ilispanica,  vol.  G.  t.  15.  f  £.  agrees  so  exactly 
with  the  Anychia  of  Michaux,  that  I  cannot  hesitate  in  placing  it,  as 
as  he  has  done,  in  this  j^enus. 

Grows  in  dry  soils,  in  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina,  particularly 
Fairfield      Dr.'Macbride. 

Flowers  July — August. 


2.  Hekniaiuoides.  Mi 
A.  huniifusa,  conferta, 
iindique  j)iibescens  ;  fo- 
liis  o!)loi)go  ovalilnis,  cil- 
iatis,  mucronatis ;  laciniis 
calycis  subulatis,  acu- 
niine  setaceo  patuloque. 
Mich.  l.p.  113. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  176. 
Collected  in  the  upper  districts 
lie  Se^ra. 
Flowers  through  the  summer. 


Cll. 

Prostrate,  clustered,  in 
every  part  pub  e  see  lit  ; 
leaves  oblong  oval,  cili- 
ate,  mucronate  ;  seg- 
ments of  the  calyx  subu- 
late, the  poir.t  setaceous 
and  expanding. 

of  South-Carolina,  by  M.  Correa 


CsBspitose, 
bent  ;  leaves 
cute  ;  stipules 
tlian  the  joints  ;  leaves 
of  the  calyx  acuDin.stey 
bearded  at  the  summit. 


procum- 
linear,  a- 
2.  longer 


3.  Argykocoma?    Mich. 

A  csespitosa,  procum- 
bens  ;  foliis  linearilnis, 
acutissimis ;  stipulis  !)i- 
nis,  internodiis  lonfi;iori- 
bus  ;  calycibus  acuniina- 
tis,  apice  barbatis. 

Mich.  1.  p.  115. 

Achyranthes  dichotoma,  Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1196. 

Root  perennial,  fusiform.  Stems  assurgent,  jointed,  terete,  gla-- 
brous  towards  the  summit,  viichotomous,  mucli  branched.  Leaves  op- 
posite, linear,  acute,  slightly  hairy.  Stipules  generally  2  at  the 
branches,  frequently  4,  as  long,  or  longer  than  tlie  joints,  givinji  the 
young  shoots  the  silvery  appe;irance  from  which  Michaux  has  derived 
his  name.  Flowers,  as  in  the  preceding  species,  but  the  clusters 
more  distinct.  Appendages  behind  tlie  summits  of  the  calyx  acumi- 
nate. 

Grows  in  rocky  places,  among  the  mountains  of  Carolina,  Mich. 
For  my  specimens  I  am  indebted  to  Mr.  Nuttall,  who  collected  them 
at  Harper's  Ferry,  Virginia. 

Flowers 

This  genus  \.  ill  probably  be  enlarged  when  our  plants  are  well  ex- 
attLined.    The  northern  A.  Canadensis  appears  to  me  to  differ  mueli 


Pr.NTANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


20^ 


J'rom  the  southeri)  plant, ami  Mr.  NuUall  has  lately  informed  ine  that 
ho  has  found  In  TeimesHec  a  species  agreeini^  more  minutely  with 
IVlicliaux's  arjjyrocoina  than  the  one  above  described. 


ACHYRANTIIES.     Gen.  pi..  404. 


Cali/v  duplex,  mcin- 
hranaccus,  porsihtciis  ; 
exUiior  3-phylIus,  inte- 
rior 5-pliyIliis,  infcqualis. 
Stamina    ncctario     insi- 


Cah/.v  double,  membra- 
naceous, persistent :  ex- 
terior 3  leaved,  interior 
5  leaved,  unequal.  Sta- 
mens sitting  on  the  nec- 


Stem  prostrate,  haiiy  ; 
leaves  opposite,  lanceo- 
late, petiol'ite;  heads  ses- 
sile, ovate,  alternately  ax- 
il larv. 


dcntia,latinia  interposita.  !  tary,  with  a  segment  be- 
Stmcn  1.  I  twecn  them.     Seed  l. 

1.  Repkns. 

A.  caulihus  prostratis, 
hirsutis  ;  tbliis  oppositis, 
lanceolatis,  petiolatis ;  ea- 
pitulis  sessilibus,  ovatis, 
^Iternatim  axillaribus.  E. 

fjomphrena  polv^onnides,  Linn. 

lUecebrum  achyrantha,  NN'alt.  p.  103. 

Illecebrum  polygonoides,  Willd    Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1208. 

Midi.  9..  p.  34.     Pursh,  2.  p.  4-4J. 

Achyranthcs  polygonoides,  La  Marck,    Encj.   Metli.  under   the 
word  Cadelar. 

Plant  perennial,  creeping.  Stem  very  hairy,  villous  at  the  joints. 
Leaves'  slii^Iitiy  sprinkled  \\itl>  hairs  on  the  under  surface,  opposite, 
one  leaf  generally  larger  than  tlie  other.  The  Jioicers  by  pressure  in 
the  heads  acquire  a  3  angled  form.  Posterior  ciili/JC  3  leaved,  leave<> 
very  acute,  somewhat  rigid,  ejjual  :  interior  cali/x  5  leaved,  the  3  ex- 
terior ovate,  lanceolato,  very  acute,  rigid,  liairv  near  the  base,  equal, 
longer  than  the  exterior  calyx  :  the  2  interior  sliorter,  very  hairr  eveii 
at  the  summit,  hairs  long,  slandular,  ca[)itatc.  J^'ectartf  surrounding 
the  base  ot  the  germ,  persistent,  bearing  the  stamens  :  the  seu;ii;ents 
between  tlie  stamens  subulate,  sin)ple,  acute,  as  long  as  the  fdaments. 
yUaments  short,  ^intliprs  incumbent,  oval.  Germ  supei  ior,  nearly 
glubosc.  ^lyle  very  short.  Stis^m.  obtuse,  slightly  glandular.  Cap- 
sule I  celled,  not  opening.     Sped  1,  round,  compressed. 

This  humble  and  common  plant  app»'ars  to  have  been  negligently 
examined;  it  accords  nearly  wifii  tiu'  cen-is  Achyranthes  as  undor- 
«tni)d  by  La  ^L^rck,  excepting  tiiai  by  its  interior  calyx  (or  co  olla)  it 
Li  nearly  allied  to  lioniphrcna|  and  that  the  intermediate  segments  of 


310  PENT  AND  RIA   MONOGYNIA. 

the  nectary  are  simple,  not  divided  at  the  summit ;  neither  is  the  nee? 
tary  caducous,  as  described  by  Schreber. 

Grows  in  dry  soils,  along  walls,  fences  and  the  edges  of  roads, 
streets,  &c.  in  places  much  trodden.  Common  in  the  maritime  dis- 
tricts of  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

Flowers  March — October.  Forty  knot. 

The  detoction  of  the  whole  plant  sensibly  increases  the  urinary  dis- 
charge. In  domestic  practice  it  is  usual  to  give  it  warm,  ad  libitumy 
to  patients  labouring  under  Ischury  and  Dysury.  The  remedy  is  gen- 
erally successful. 


^.    FiCOIDEA. 

A .?  caulibus  repenti- 
bus,  glabris  ;  foliis  iato- 
lanceolatis,  petiolatis  ; 
capitulis  orbiculatis,  pu- 
bescentibus.     Willd. 


Stems  creeping,  gla- 
brous ;  leaves  broad  lan- 
ceolate, petiolate  ;  heads 
spherical,  pubescent. 


Persoon,  1.  p.  259. 

Illecebrum  ficoideum,  Sp.pl.  1.  p.  1£08.     Pursh,2.p.  445. 

Grows  along  the  sea  coast  from  Carolina  to  Florida.     Pursh. 
Flowers  July — August. 


Glabrous ;  stem  creep- 
ing ;  leaves  nearly  terete, 
fleshy  ;  heads  soUtary, 
oblong,  terminal. 


3.  Vermicularis. 

A  ?    glabra ;    caulibus 
repentibus  ;  foliis  subte 
retibus,  carnosis ;  capitu 
lis  solitariiSj  oblongis,  ter 
minalibus. 

Gomphrena  vermicularis,   Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  "T322. 
Illecebrum  vermiculatum,  Pursh,  2.  p.  446. 

I  have  had  no  opportunity  of  examining  the  two  last  species,  I  have- 
therefore  placed  them  here  with  some  hesitation.  If  they  agree  in 
character  with  the  first,  they  will  probably  constitute  an  interme- 
diate genus  between  Achyranthes  and  Gomphrena.  The  last  species, 
however,  from  its  solitary  terminal  heads,  appears  to  be  closely  allied 
to  Gomphrena. 

Grows  along  the  sea  coast  from  Carolina  to  Florida.     Pursh. 

Flowers  June — August. 


THESIUM.     Gen.  pl.  410. 

Calyx   4-phyllus,    cui  I       Calyx    1    leaved,    in 
stamina    inserta.      Mix    which  the   stamens  are 


PENTANDRIA  MONOGVNIA. 


311 


inserted.  A7//  inferior, 
1  seeded,  covered  with 
the  persistent  calyx. 

Flowers    in     axillary 
uniljcls ;  leaves  oblong. 


112. 


infera,  niono-spernia,  ca- 
1}  cc  persistcntc  tecia 

1.    UMRinXATlM. 

T.  floribus  uinbclhitis, 
axillaribus  ;  foliis  oblon- 
gis.     Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1211. 

T. corvmbulosuin,  Midi.  1-  p. 

/foof  perennial.  Stem  smooth,  branching  near  the  summit.  Leaves 
oblong,  lanceolate,  entire,  {glabrous,  sessile.  L'mhela  3 — 5  flowered, 
axillary  ;  common  peduncles  lonj;er  than  the  leaves  ;  pedicels 
2 — 3  lines  long.  Involucrum  4  leaved,  leaves  small,  lanceolate. 
Calyjc  1  leaved,  conical,  with  the  upper  half  coloured  and  5  cleft. 
Corolla  0.     Stam  ns  shorter  than  the  calyx. 

Verv  common  in  dry  soils  in  the  unper  country.     Dr.  Macbride*- 

Sent  to  me  from  AtWns,  Georgia,  by  Mr.  Green. 

Flowers 

GELSEMINUM.     Juss. 


Calyx  5  leaved.  Co- 
rglla  funnel  shaped.  Cap^ 
side  con)pressed,  divisi- 
ble, 3  celled.  Seeds  flat, 
attaclied  to  the  margins 
of  the  valves. 


Pursh,  1.  p. 
3.  p.  291. 
,  99. 


184. 


Calijx  .5-phyllus.  Corol- 
la infundibuhfurmis.  Cap- 
sula  conipress'o-plana,  2- 
partibilis,  2-locularis.  ^'^- 
mina  plana,  valvular  urn 
marginibus  adncxa. 
i.     Sempervirens. 

G.  nitidum,  Mich.  1.  p.  120. 
Bignonia  sempervirens,  Sp.  pi. 
Anon,  sempervirens,  ^Valt.  p 
Gelseminum,  Catesby  Car.   1.  p.  53  t.  53. 

Perennial.  .9f?m  twining,  smooth, glabrous,  /.^aivs  opposite,  pe- 
rennial, lanceolate,  entire,  slightly  acuminate,  of  a  dark  shining  greea 
colour  on  the  upper  surface,  paler  on  the  under,  1 — '2  inches  long, 
^ — 8  lines  wide  ;  petioles  short.    Flowers  (1 — 5)  in  axillary  clusters; 

}»edicel  i  an  inch  long,  clothed  with  small  scales.  Leaves  of  the  ca- 
y.r  lanceolate,  equal,  glabrous,  with  the  margins  slightly  membrana- 
ceous. CnrolLa  yellow;  border  obscurely  5  lobcd,  lobes  round  and 
equal.  Filaments  half  a^  long  as  the  corolla,  inserted  into  its  base, 
Anthers  erect,  sagittate,  2  celled.  Germ  superior,  oblong,  furrowed^ 
tapering  into  tlie  style.  Stijle  as  long  as  the  tube  of  the  corolla,  with 
the  summit  4  cleft,  (dichotomous).     Stigmas  simple,  recurved. 

This  beautiful  plant  flourishes  in  almost  every  soil  in  the  maritime 
distiicts  of^Carolina  and  Georgia,  though  it  prefers  moist  and  rich 


812 


I*ENTANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


lands-  It  abounds  alon*  the  roads,  covering  the  shrubbery  with  its 
ricli  foliage  and  tlowers,  and  perfuming  the  air  with  its  delightful 
fra"rance. 

Flowers  February — March ;  sometimes  October — November. 

Yellow  Jessamine. 

The  Howers,  root,  &c.  of  tliis  shrub  are  narcotic.  A  spirituous 
tincture  of  the  root  has  been  used  successfully  in  Rheumatism.  The 
effluvia  of  the  flowers  are  said  sometimes  to  induce  stupor. 


ECHITES.     Gen.  pl.  431. 


Folliculi  duo,  distincti, 
teretes.  Semina  pappo- 
sa.  Corolla  infundibuli- 
formis,  liniho  5-partito. 
Jbttherce  medio  sligmati 
colfserentes.  '^iquamce  5, 
carnosse,  hypogyiise. 


Follicles  two,  distinct, 
terete.  Seed  crowned 
with  a  pappus.  Corolla 
funnel  shaped,  with  tlie 
border  b  parted.  Anthers 
adherinfj;  in  the  middle 
to  the  stigma.  Scales  5, 
fleshy,  surrounding  the 
base  of  the  germ. 

*  Seg merits  of  the  co^ 


*  Laciniis  cor  oil  (C  (c- 
quilnteris.      (Parsonsia.  \  rolla  equal  sided. 
Brown     Trans.     Wern. 
Soc.  1  p.  64.) 

1.     DfFFOiiMis.     Walt. 


E.  caule  volubili ;  fo- 
liis  infimis  subliuearibus, 
superioribus  ovali-lance- 
olatis,  acuminatis  ;  I'ace- 
mis  corymbosis ;  stamini- 
bus  inclusis.     E. 

Echites  difformis,  Walt.  p.  99. 
E.  puberula,  Mich.  1.  p.  120. 


Stem  climbing  ;  the 
lowest  leaves  nearly  li- 
near, the  upper  oval  lan- 
ceolate, acuminate  ;  ra- 
ceme corymbose  ;  sta- 
m^ens  included. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  irS. 


A  plant  perennial,  twining  over  small  shrubs.  Leaves  opposite,  pu- 
bescent on  the  under  suiface.  Flowers  small,  pale  yellow,  in  three 
parted  corymbs  ;  corymbs  axillary  or  between  the  petioles.  Calyx 
5  parted  ;  segments  very  acute.  Corolla  funnel  shaped  ;  the  throat 
naked,  but  marked  with  5  furrows  ;  ti>e  border  5  cleft,  with  segments 
ovate,  coj)tracted  at  the  base,  equilateral.  Filaments  inserted  into 
the  base  of  the  corolla,  and  scarcely  more  than  half  its  length.  Jn- 
thers  sagittate,  the  ba§e  or  auricles  destitute  of  pollen^  adhering  in 


PENTANDRTA    MONOGYNIA.        ,  319^! 

tlie  inidillc  to  the  stii^nia.     Germs  -2,  uniting  at  the  sttT^tnU  mtrf  on^ 
stylt'  ni'.iily  as  Ions;  as  tho  stamens.     Five  thick,  obtusA^'fte^hy,  dark 
coloured  boiHei  hurround  the    base   of  the  gcims.     FaUides  16Dg|,y 
straight,  slender.  "^ ' 

Gr(»\vs  in  damp,  rich  soils  f  in  high  river  swamps,  not  rare. 

Flowers  May — Au<;u3t. 

Since  the  Cataloj^ue  of  Genera  prefixed  to  thia  class  was  printetl 
1  have  seen  Brown's  .idmiruble  view  ol"  tlie  natural  orders  of  the 
Asclepiudeiv  and  Anocynew,  in  the  transactions  of  the  Wernt  -ian 
Society  «f  Ktlinburgli.  This  plant,  the  Echites  of  precetlinjj;  author^, 
certainly,  from  its  corolla,  belongs  to  tlic  Parsnnsia  of  Brown,  al- 
ihouijh,'by  it-<  included  stamens,  it  varies  from  one  character  of  that 
^enus. 


AMSONIA.     Walt. 


Foil i cull  duo,  erjecti. 
Coro//fl  infundibiilifonnv^, 
faiicc  clausa.  Semlna 
terelia,  nuda,  apicibus  ob- 
lique-truiicatis. 

1.       L.VTIFOLIA. 

A.  caiile  glabriusculo  ; 
Toliis  ovali-lanceolatis,  su- 
perioribiis  proinisse  acu- 
miiuitis,  subtus  ad  nervos 
pubcscentibus.  Pursli,  1. 
p.  184. 

Mich.  l.p.  121. 

Amsonia  Taberntrmontana,  Walt.  p.  98. 
Tabernffimontana  am3onia,  Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1246. 
Iloof  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  about  2  feet  high,  glabrous. 
Leaves  alternate,  on  very  short  footstalks,  slightly  glaucous  under- 
neath, /•'lowers  in  terminal,  corymbose  panicles,  pale  blue.  Fulli- 
rlp<i  long,  slender,  cylindrical.  Seeds  without  any  terminal  tuft  of 
liair,  nearly  black. 

Grows  in  damp  soils.    Very  common  in  the  middle  country  of  Ca^ 
rolina  and  Georgia. 
Flowers  April — May. 


Follicles  two,  erecL 
Corolla  funnel  shaped, 
with  the  throat  closed. 
Seeds  terete,  naked,  vvlth 
the  summit  obliquely 
truncate. 

Stem  glabrous  ;  leaves 
oval  lanceolate,  the  up- 
per conspicuously  acu- 
minate, pubescent  on  the 
under  surface  along  the 
nerves. 


S.       SALIClFftl.IA. 

A.  caulc  Ifevigato  ; 
liis  lincari-lauceolatis. 


fo- 
u- 

p  2 


Stem  smooth  ;  leaves 
linear  lanceolate,    acute 


314 


PENT  AND  RI A  DTGYNIA. 


tiinqiie    acutis,  glaberri-     at   each 
mis.     Pursh,  f.  p.  18 1.       broiis. 

Flowers  in  terminal  corymbs,  very  numerous,  blue. 
Found  in  Carolina  and  Georgia,  by  Mr.  Lyon. 
Flowers  May —June. 

2.     Angus  riFOLTA.     Mich. 


end.  very  gla- 


Stem  pubescent ;  leaves 
narrow,  linear,  nume- 
rous, erect,  pubescent. 


A.  caule  pubescente  ; 
foliis  angusto-linearibus, 
crebris,  erectis,pubescen- 
tibus.     Mich.  l.  p.  isi. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  184. 

A.  ciliata,  Walt.  p.  98. 

Similar  in  size  and  habit  to  the  first  species,  but  more  disposed  to 
branch  near  the  summit.  Leaves  on  the  stem  linear  lanceolate,  on 
the  branches  linear  and  crowded,  all  hairy  and  ciliate.     Flowers  blue. 

Walter  describes  his  A.  ciliata  as  having  tawny  flowers.  If  tliis 
has  not  arisen  from  some  typographical  error,  the  variety  he  describes 
has  not  recently  been  seen. 

Grows  in  the  middle  districts  of  Carolina  and  Georgia  5  ril-e  in 
the  lower. 

Flowers  April — May. 


VWVWVWVXAiVWWVVW 


BIGYXIA. 


•Vl  \'W\'W\  V»/\VW 


ArOCYNUM. 


Folliculi  §,  longi,  li- 
neares.  Semina  papposa. 
ro7'o//«canipanulata.  ^72- 
therce  medio  cum  stigma- 
te  cohserentes. 

4.     Andros^mifolium. 

A.  fohis  ovatis,  glabris  ; 
cyniis  terminalibus,  late- 


Follicles  2,  long,  linear. 
8eed  beaiirig  a  pappus. 
Corolla  campanulate.  /i//- 
thers  adhering  in  the  mid- 
dle to  the  stigma. 

Leaves  ovate,  glabrous  ^ 
cymes  terminal  and  lat«- 


I'ENTANDIUA    DIGYNIA. 


310 


cral ;  tuhc  of  the  corolla 
longer  lliuii  the  calyx. 


ralil)us(|iic  :  tiibo  corolhu 
ralyecm   supcraiite. 
Brown, Tiaiis.Wern.  Soc. 
1.  p.  or. 

Sj).  pi.  I.  p.  1259.     Mich.  1.  p.  121.     Pursh,  1.  p.  179. 

J{(tot  pcicMiiial.  Stfin  herbaceous,  eroct,  2-  5  feet  hi;;h.  Leaves 
oppuslie,  ovate,  or  oval  laticeolate,  niucionate,  somewhat  glaucous 
underneath.  Corolla  inonopctaloiis,  5  cleft,  wliite  tin);;e(l  wiih  red. 
JS'ectartj,  5  oval  glands  surroundin;;  the  germ,  purple,  viscid,  jinthers 
scarcely  half  as  loii^  as  the  corolla 

Gn»\\»  aloiij;  tlie  inar^iua  of  fields  and  woods,  from  Canada  to 
Caniiina.     Pursh. 

Flowers  June-  July. 


Leaves  lanceolate,  a- 
cute  at  each  end,  gla- 
brous ;  cymes  panicu- 
late :  calyx  as  Ions;  as 
the  tu!)c  ol" the  corolla. 


2.     Cannadim.m. 

A.  Ibliis  lanccolatis,  u- 
trinquc  acutis,  glabris ; 
cymis  panieulatis ;  calyce 
tubuMi  corollie  tequante. 
Brown,  Trans. Wern.  Soc. 
1.  p.  03. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  125D  .-      Walt.  p.  lOr. 

Stem  herbaceous,  2 — 3  feet  high.  Cymes  lateral,  longer  than  the 
leaf.     Flowers  greenish  white. 

Grows  in  Carolina.  Of  its  habitat  however  I  am  uncertain,  as 
this,  and  the  succeeiling  species  have  hitherto  been  confounucd.  The 
^yn»)nynics  in  Willdenow  evidently  refer  to  both  species. 

Flowers 


3.       PUBESCEKS. 

A  foliis  ovato-oI)l()n- 
<:^i5,  niucronatis,  basi  ob- 
tusis.  utrinque  cyniaque 
breviore  puljc\scciiii!uis  : 
calyce  corollain  sulm* 
<piante.  Brown,  'I'lans. 
AVfin.  Soc.  1.  p.  OS. 

Flor.  Vir?.  (Kd.  prior),  p.  C8. 

A.  cannabinum,  Mich.  l.p.  121.    Pursh,  1.  p.  179 


Brown. 

Leaves  ovate  obloniv 
niucronate,  obtu?«n  at 
base,  on  both  sides  an  ' 
with  the  shorter  cyinr., 
pubescent  ;  calyx  nearly 
as  long  as  the  corolla. 


316  PENTANDRIA  DrCYNlA. 

Stem  herbaceous,  2 — 3  feet  high.  Leaves  almost'  tomentosc  on  the 
under  surface.     Cymes  terminal.     Flowers  greenish. 

This  is  our  most  common  species  of  Apocynum.  Grows  in  pas- 
tures, fields,  &c.  but  not  very  abundantly.  Columbia ;  Mr.  Herbe- 
mont. 

Flowers  May— June. 


LYONiA.   :£:. 


Pollen  masses  10,  smooth, 
pendulous.  Stamineal 
crown  5  leavecl,the  leaves 
flat,  erect.  Stigma  co- 
nical, S  cleft.  Corolla  i 
petalled,  campanulate# 
Follicles  smooth. 


Mossce  poUinis  1 0,  Ise  ves, 
penviulse.  Corona  stami- 
nea  fiphylla,  foliolis  pla- 
nia,  erectis.  Stigma  co- 
niciim,  bifidum.  Corolla 
monopetala,  carapaniUa- 
ta.  Folliculi  lieves. 
1.     Maritima. 

Cynanchum  angustifolium,  Muhl.  Cat. 
Ceropegia  palustris,  Pursh,  1.  p.  184. 

Perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  branching,  glabrous,  climbing  over 
rushes  and  small  marine  plants.  Leaves  opposite,  sessile,  linear, 
channelled,  somewhat  succulent,  about  an  inch  long.  Umbels  solita- 
ry, axillary  (or  rather  growing  between  the  leaves),  9 — 10  flowered. 
Calyx  small,  5  parted  ;  segments  acute,  erect.  Corolla  5  parted ;  seg- 
ments lanceolate,  very  acute,  glabrous,  greenish,  with  the  summits 
slightly  reflected.  Leaves  of  the  stamineal  crown  oval,  obtuse,  white, 
longer  than  the  stigma,  scarcely  half  as  long  as  the  corolla.  Corpus- 
cle conical,  slightly  furrowed,  and  cloven  at  the  summit.  Stamens^ 
styles, follicles  and  seed  as  in  the  Asclepias.     Follicles  very  slender. 

Nearly  allied  to  the  Diplolepis  of  Brown.  To  the  Ceropegia  of  that 
authc.r  or  even  of  Linngeus,  it  seems  to  have  but  little  afiinity. 

GroMS  in  land  occasionally  overflowed  by  salt  water. 

Flowers  June — October. 

I  have  named  this  plant  in  honor  of  Mr.  John  Lyon,  whose  in- 
defatigable and  successful  researches  after  the  plants  of  the  United 
States,  merit  this  notice  from  American  botanists. 


ACERATES. 


Massce  pollinis  I0,l9eves, 
pendiiise.  Corona  stami- 
nea5-\)\\y\\?i;  foliolis  con- 
cavis,    brevibusj   angiilis 


Pollen  masses  10,  smooth, 
pendulous.  Stamineal 
crown  5  leaved:  leaves 
concave    shortj   appres* 


rENTANDUlA    Dir.YNlA. 


317 


lilamcntoriiin  ai)[)rcssis. 
Comlfa  rdlcxa.  FoUi- 
culi  la;ves. 

i.    LONGIFOI.IA. 

A.  caiilc  dccunibcntc  ; 
foliis  altcrnis,  liiioarilms  j 
iimbellis  laleralibu.s,crcc- 
tis  ;  corona  brcvissirna. 

Asclcpias  longifolia,  Midi.  1. 


sod  to  tbc  aiii^lcs  of  ihc 
iilarucnts  Corolla  rcHec- 
tcd.     Follicles  siiioolb. 

Stchi  (liM  iniibciit ;  leaves 
nkcniatc.  linear  ;  umbels 
lateral,  erect ;  crown  ve- 
ry sbort. 

11(>.     I'uisli,  1.  p.  183. 


A.  iataruata,  ^^  alt.  p.  106. 

Perennial.  Stem  18 — 24  inches  h'v^n,  decumbent  ami  erect,  pu- 
bescent. Leaves  alternate,  somewliat  crcnvded,  linear  lanceolate,  ses- 
sile, pubescent  particularly  alonu,  the  mai(;ins  and  inidrilj.  4-0  inches 
lone,  '> — 4  lines  wide.  Umbels  near  the  .smiinut  generally  verticillate, 
C — 4  from  each  joint;  pedicels  and  jieduncles  about  an  inch  Ion.;,  pu- 
bescent, with  a  small  leaf  at  the  base  of  each  peduncle.  CalyA'  very 
small,  5  paitetl,  cicct.  Curulla  3  or  4  times  as  long;  as  t!ie  calyx,  5 
parted,  rellected,  cinereous,  tipped  with  purple.  Leaves  of  the  crown 
closely  embracing  the  angles  ol  tlie  corpuscle  around  its  base,  purple. 
Horn  0,    Stamens,  styles,  »tis;ma  a.m\  Jruit,  as  in  the  Asclenias. 

The  Asclepias  viridiflora  of  Purs.li  apjieais  to  belong;  to  this  "enuSf 
It  is  perhaps  doubtful  whether  the  absence  of  the  horn-like  appen- 
da:;es  constitutes  a  suflicient  character  to  establish  thi>  genus.  I 
should  certainly  have  been  better  satisfied  with  it  had  it  separated  tlie 
species  of  Asclepias  witli  alternate,  from  those  with  opposite  leaves. 

Grows  in  wet  pine  barrens. 

Flowers  May — July. 

ASCLEPIAS. 


Masses  poll  in  is  10,  Ijieves, 
pendula^  Corona  sfami- 
Jica  simplex,  5-pb}  11a ;  ftv 
liolis  cucullatls,  e  TuikIo 
exsercntibus  proeessum 
aversum,  corniformein. 
Corolla  reflcxa.  Follicu- 
li  lieves.     Brown. 

*  Foliis  oppasitis  sen 
Terticillatis. 

1.     Variegata. 
A.  foliis  ovali-lanccolatjs, 
ptitiohitisj  unduhitis.  sub- 


Pollcn  masses  10.  smooth, 
pendulous.  Stainincal 
croxvn  simple,  ;>  leaved  ; 
leaves  cowled,  bearing 
from  the  bottom  an  a- 
verted,  born  shaped  pro- 
cess. Corolla  rellected. 
Follicles  smooth. 

*  Leaves    opposite    or 
verticillate. 

Leaves  oval  lanceolate, 
petiolate.uiMlidatej  somc> 


SIS  PENTANDRIA    DIGYNlA. 


tUwS  glaiicesccntibus ;  iim- 
bellis  tcrnnnalibus  ;  ped- 
iinculis  pedicellisque  pu- 
bescentibufs.     E. 


what  glaucous  under, 
nealh  ;  umbels  terminal  5 
peduncles  and  pedicels, 
pubescent. 


Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1265.     Waft.  p.  104.     Pursh,  1.  p.  181. 
A   liybrida,  Mich.  1.  p  115. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  herhaceous,  simple,  erect,  2 — 2^  feet  high, 
terete,  with  two  pubescent  lines,  dark  purple.  Leaves  slightly  acu- 
minate, strongly  veined,  with  the  veins  and  margins  pubescent ;  pe- 
tioles hair  an  inch  lojig,  pubescent.  Umbels  1--6,  naked,  at  the  sum- 
mit of  the  stem  ;  peduncles  and  pedicels  about  an  inch  long,  with  a 
small,  setaceous,  caducous  leaf  at  t!;e  base  of  each  pedicel.  Calyx 
small,  5  parted  ;  segments  subulate,  hairy,  grtcn,  rctiexed.  Corolla 
5  parted  ;  scgn-.ents  broad,  lauceoiate,  ghibrous,  3—4  times  as  long  as 
tlic  calyx,  "reen  on  the  oi'tcr  surface,  white  on  the  inner.  J\''ectar^ 
or  stamlneal  croic  n  composed  of  5.  tleshy,  obtuse,  wiiite  leaves  shorter 
than  the  petals  :  leaves  involute,  slightly  impressed  on  the  back, 
bearin"-  from  tl.e  hollow  centre  a  small  lioi  n,  acute,  i'.icurved.  Fila- 
7nents?  5,  sessile,  cohering,  \vit!»  t'le  membranous  margins  reflected, 
and  the  summit  also  membranous,  inflected,  containing  a  cell  or  sack 
at  each  interior  an«..le,  purple  at  base,  and  white  at  the  summit.  Fo'- 
len  masses  10,  yellow,  solid,  transparent,  3  jointed,  pendulous,  the 
lower  joint  .^  punctate,  attached  to  a  pentangular,  central  corpuscle. 
2  at  each  angle,  and  hanging  in  tiie  cells  of  the  filaments:  the  2 
masses  at  each  angle  are  not  inserted  into  the  2  cells  of  one,  but  into 
the  approximating  cells  of  adjoining  tilaments.  Germs  2,  small,  conic, 
united  at  base,  covered  by  the  corpuscle  to  which  the  pollen  masses 
are  attached.  Styles  short.  (b7iij'?i(fts  simple,  obtuse.  Follicle  lance- 
olate, smooth,  opening  at  one  side.  Seeds  ilat,  orbicular,  slightly 
winded,  attached  to  a  loose,  central  receptacle,  and  crowned  at  the 
summit  with  a  long  tuft  (d"  silky  h.air. 

The  essential  parts  of  this  description  will  apply  to  all  of  tlie  plants 
that  really  belong  to  the  genus  Asclepias.  The  species  vary  in  the  co- 
lour, fi"-ure,  and  proportional  size  of  the  corolla,  stamineal  crown,  horn 
and  corpuscle,  and  from  these  the  best  specific  characters  will  perhaps 
be  ultimately  derived  ;  at  present  the  leaves  supply  more  obvious  and 
sufficient  characters. 

Physiological  Botanists  still  differ  as  to  the  uses,  functions,  and 
even  names  of  the  parts  of  the  flower  in  the  complex  structure  of 
this  natural  order  of  plants  :  even  the  place  which  th.e  Asclepiadcaj 
ought  to  occupy  in  the  artificial  system  of  Linnteus  has  been  a  subject 
of  controversy.  But  their  connection  w  ith  the  Apocynete,  most  of 
Avhich  are  manifestly  pentandrous,  seems  to  require  their  location  in 
this  class. 

All  the  species  of  Asclepias  are  ornamental,  and  the  pappus  has 
been  applied  to  purposes  of  domestic  oeconomy.  For  ornament  this 
species,  the  A.  obtusifolia,  laurifolia,  paupercula  and  parviflora  merit 
particular  attention;  while  the  A,  ampleidcaulii  seems  to  produce  the 


PENTANDRTA  DIGYNIA. 


819 


most  seeJ,  and  consrqiHMitly  will  he  most  valuable  if  over  it  should 
become  an  object  to  apply  its  silky  down  to  purposes  of  domestic 
ntility. 

(irows  in  rich,  <li y  soils. 

Flowers  April — June. 


Lyon. 

Stem  erect,  simple ; 
l("aves  broiid  huiccolate, 
sliglitly  acuminate,  gla- 
bious ;  unil)cl.s  lateral,  so- 


litary, on 


cles,  noddinir 


long 


pc  dun- 


CD* 


2.  PlIYTOLACCOIDES. 

A.  raide  erecto,  sini- 
plici ;  foliis  lato-lanceola- 
tis,  suhacuniinatis,  gla- 
bris  ;  nnil)tllis  laterali- 
bus,  snlitariis,  longe  pcd- 
unculatis,  nutantibus. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  180. 

A.  exaltata  .=  Muld.  Cat. 

iSi?<'m  5  — 5  feet  Iiiu;!).  Leaves  larg;?,  oblons:,  on  short  f  ots^1lks, 
sometimes  acute,  more  frequently  witli  a  slight  acuminatioii.  pale  on 
the  under  surface.  UmheU  solitary  at  each  of  the  upper  joints. 
Flower.-i  lari^e  (sweet  scente  ',  Pursh)  ;  petals  dark  purple. 

Grows  in  tlie  mountains  of  <  arolina.  Kxtends  to  New-En2;land. 
I  have  a  specimen  from  Pendleton  county,  which  appears  to  belonj; 
to  this  species,  but  tlie  leaves  are  pubescent,  almost  tomentose  on  the 
under  surface. 

Flowers  July — August. 

3.  QrADRiFoijA.     IMuld.  Cat. 


Leaves  by  fours,  ovate 
lanceolate,  sli'^btly  acu- 
minate, membranaceous, 
glai)rous  ;  uml)els  termi- 
nal and  axillary. 


A.  fuliis  quaternis,  ova- 
to-lanceolatis,  pauIo  acu- 
minatis,  mcmbranacci.s, 
glabris  ;  umliellis  termi- 
nalil)us  axilLuibusque.  E. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  188. 

Perennial.  Stem  erect,  2 — ,1  feet  hijjh.  slender,  pubescent  towards 
the  summit,  t'lie  pubescence  in  lines.  Leavt's  commonly  by  fours,  the 
upper  ones  opposite,  somewhat  glaucous  underneath,  sprinkled  v.itli 
hairs  along  the  veins  and  margins,  very  tliin  and  delicate  in  their 
texture.  Flowers  small.  Leaves  of  the  crown  much  longer  than  th"' 
corpuscle. 

From  specimens  collected  by  Dr.Macbridcin  the  mountain  vallics 
of  Carolina. 

Flowers  June — August. 


3S0 


rUNTANDRiA   DIGINIA. 


4.  CoNNivENs.     Baldwin. 


A.  foliis  oblongo-ovali- 
bus,  mucroriatis,  parce  pi- 
losis, sessilibus ;  coronae 
foliolis  pmelonj^is,  arcua- 
tis,  conniventibus.     B. 


Leaves  oblong  oval, 
miicronate,  slightly  hairy, 
sessile ;  leaves  of  the 
crown  unusually  long,  in- 
curved, connivent  at  the 
summit. 

Stem  erect,  I — 2  feet  high,  cylindrical,  more  firm  in  its  appearance 
than  is  usual  in  this  e;enas,  terete,  j^labrous,  when  very  young  pul^s* 
cent.  Leaves  sessile,  obtuse  at  base,  oblong,  sprinkled  witJi  hair, 
Umbds  1~  4,  fctw  flowered?  Flowers  perhaps  larger  tlian  in  any 
other  of  our  species.  Leaves  of  the  crown  twice  or  three  times  as 
long  as  the  corpuscle,  bent  like  a  bow,  with  their  points  meeting  over 
the  summit  ol  the  corpuscle  ;  hovns  shorter  than  the  crown. 

Grows  in  damp  pine  barrens  near  St.  Mary's.     B* 

Flowers  June. 


5,  Incarnata. 

A.  caule  erecto,  ramo- 
so,  tomentoso  ;  foliis  lan- 
ceoluiis,  sub-tomentosis  ; 
urtibeilis  plerumque  gem- 
inis  :  corniculis  cxertis. 


Stem  erect,  branching, 
tomentose  ;  leaves  lance- 
olate, somewhat  tomen- 
tose ;  umbels  generally 
by  pairs ;  horns  exserted.. 


Sp.pl.  l.p.  1267'.     Mich.  l.p.  115  ?   Pursh,  1.  p.  181. 
A.  polystachia  ^  Walt.  p.  107. 

Rout  perennial.  Stem.  4 — 5  feet  high,  terete,  the  young  branches 
Very  pubescent.  Leaves  long,  lanceolate,  sometimes  acuminate,  pu- 
bescent along  the  veins  and  margins.  Umbels  generally  by  pairs, 
opposite  ;  peduncles  and  pedicels  pubescent.  Corolla  bright  purple. 
Leaves  of  the  crown  not  longer  than  the  corpuscle.     Horns  exscrted. 

Grows  very  abundantly  in  the  vallies  among  the  mountains. 

Flowers  June — August. 


6.  Tomentosa.     E. 

A.  loliis  ovali-lanceo-         Leaves    oval    lanceo- 

latis,  acutis,  tomentosis ;  late,   acute,    tomentose ; 

umbellis  sessilibus,  corni-  umbels  sessile,  with  the 

culis  exeitis.     E.  horns  exserted. 

Stem  erect,  1 — 2  feet  high,  when  young  v^ry  tomentose.  Leaves 
oblong,  slightly  acuminate,  very  tomentose  on  the  under  surface,  less 
SO  on  the  upper.    In  my  specimens  there  is  but  one  terminal  sessile 


PENTANDRIA   DIGYNIA. 


3Si 


«nil)pl.  I.cavfs  of  tlic  stnmiueal  crown  shorter  than  the  corpuscle, 
truncate  ;  horns  lou^cv  than  the  corpuscle. 

From  tipociiuens  collected,  I  believe,  hy  Dr.  Bahlwin  near  St.  ISfa- 
rv's,  Gcon;ia. 

Fiowerd 

7.  OnovATA.     E. 

A.  loliis  obovalis,  oh-  |  Leaves  obovate,  ob- 
uisis.  imuronatis,  sul)tiis  |  tiise,  iiuicronatc,  tonien> 
loinciitosis;  uml^cllis  sub-  |  tosc  on  Ibo  nrulcr  sur- 
gcssililnis,  icrniiiialibus  j  face  ;  umbels  nearly  scs- 
axillaribusquc.     E.  |  siie,ternunal and  axillary. 

Stem  erect.  2 — 3  ft-ct  hi;;;h,  terete,  tomcwtosc.  Troves  nearly  bcs- 
sile.  the  lower  ones  obovatt',  very  obtuse,  inucronate,  the  upper,  when 
small.  lanceolate,  the  ujiper  surface  tliiniy  sprinkled  wit'n  nairs,  the 
lower  toinen'.ose.  Umbels  nearly  sessile.  Leaves  of  the  crown 
twice  as  long  as  the  corpuscle. 

The  colour  of  the  flower  I  cannot  determine  from  my  s])ecinieng. 
This  plant  has  much  resemblance  to  the  A.  viridiflora  of  I'ursh,  but 
(lifters  in  the  length  of  its  stamineal  crown,  and  in  its  pubescence, 
•which  is  not  so  soft  as  in  that  species.  My  specimens  have  been  so 
much  injured  that  I  c:'.nnot  now  determine  wlather  it  possesses  the 
horn-like  appendages  belonging  to  this  genus.  1  insert  it  here  until 
it  can  be  further  examined. 

5?ent  from  Louisville,  Georgia,  by  Mr.  Jackson. 


8.     OnrusiFOLiA.     Mich. 


A.  foliis  arete  sessili- 
bu?,  cordato-ovatis,  obtii- 
sis,  undulatis,  glaberrimi  ■, 
subtiis  glaiiccscentil)us  ; 
iinibcllis  plerumquc  soli- 
laiiis.     E. 


Leaves  closelv  sessile, 
cordate  ovate,  obtuse,  un- 
dulate, very  glabrous, 
glaucous  underneath  ; 
umbels  commonly  soli- 
tar  v. 


Mich.  1.  p.  115.      rursh,  1.  p.  182. 
A.  purpurascens,  Walt.  p.  105. 

Perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  erect,  2 — .i  feet  high,  purple.  Leaves 
frequently  emarginate.  Umbels  sometimes  2 — 3;  peduncles  l')nn[, 
naked,  with  pubescent  lines.  Corolla  large,  purple  and  green,  with 
the  margins  nearly  white.  Leaves  of  the  stamiueol  crojru  dentate  at 
the  summit,  purple,  longer  than  the  corpuscle  ;  horns  longer  than  the 
crown  :  corpuscle  u;recn  at  base,  white  at  the  summit.  l^olU^les  large, 
sprinkled  with  fine  down. 

Grows  in  tlry  soils. 

Flowers  Mav — July. 

Q  2 


S2S 


PENTANDRIA   DIGYNIA. 


9.  AsfPLEXicAULis.     Mich. 


A.  fflaberrima  ;   caule 


decumbente ;    foliis  ses- 


Very  glabrous  ,•  stems 
decumbent  ;  leaves  ses- 
sile, cordate,  strongly 
veined,  glaucous,  appres- 
sed  ;  umbels  terminal 
and  axillary. 

182. 


silibus,  cordatis,  venosis, 
glaucis,  appressis  ;  um- 
bellis  terminalibus  axilla- 
ribusque.     E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  115.     Pursh,  1.  p. 
A.  humistrata,  Walt.  p.  105. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  1  —  2  feet  long,  terete,  generally  decumbent,- 
as  if  too  weak  to  support  its  thick,  succulent  leaves.  Leaufs  large, 
veins  prominent,  purple.  Corolla  cinereous.  Leaves  of  the  crown 
truncate,  scarcely  longer  than  the  corpuscle,  white  ;  horns  longer  ? 
than  the  crown  ;  corpuscle  purple  at  base,  white  at  the  summit.  Fol- 
licles smooth. 

All  of  the  species  of  this  genus  exude,  when  broken,  a  milk-like 
sap ;  this  more  abundantly  than  any  other. 

Grows  in  the  driest  and  most  sandy  soils. 

Flowers  April — July. 


Stem  simple ;  leaves 
ovate,  villous  on  the  un- 
der surface  ;  umbels  e- 
rect  5  nectaries  resupine  ? 


10.  PURrURASCENS. 

A.  caule  simplici ;  fo- 
liis ovatis,  subtus  villosis ; 
umbellis  erectis  ;  necta- 
riis  resupinatis  .?  Sp.  pi. 
l.p.  1265. 

Pursh,  l.p.  181. 

Stem  2  feet  high.  Leaves  nearly  sessile,  oblong,  mucronate,  slights 
ly  cordate.  Umbel  terminal,  erect.  Corolla  bright  purple.  J^ectary 
in  my  specimens  erect. 

Grows  in  shady  swamps.     Virginia— Carolina.     Pursh. 

The  only  specimens  I  have  seen  of  this  species  were  from  Connec- 
ticut. 


11.  Laurifolia.     Mich. 


A  foliis  subsessilibus, 
ovatis,  superne  sensim 
angustatis,  acutissimis, 
glabris ;  umbellis  pedun- 
culutis,  terminalibus  axil- 
Jaribusque.    E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  117.     Pursh,  1.  p. 
A.  ccfrdata  ?    Walt.  jp.  1C5, 


Leaves  nearly  sessile, 
ovate,  tapering  to  the 
summit,  very  acute,  gla- 
brous ;  umbels  on  long 
peduncles,  terminal  and 
axillary. 


185. 


PENTANDRIA.  niGYNiA, 


6^3 


Pciomilal.  Stem  2  fc^t  hiijh,  t;onerally  erect,  near  the  summit  pu- 
bescent, lower  down  markfd  bv  a  decuirent  hairy  line.  Leaves  ob- 
tuse at  baMi«,  sessile,  but  never  so  uuich  lieart-s'ia|M.'d  as  to  have  merit- 
ed Walter's  name  :  tlio  n»ari;ins  somewhat  roun;h  and  slightly  ciliate. 
l^mbeU  tew  near  the  sunuuit  ;  comnjon  |)eduncle  -Z — ;3  inches  long^ 
CorolLt  .l  or  4  times  as  lon<;  as  the  calyx,  urcen  on  the  outer  surface, 
within  bri:(lit  purple.  Leaves  of  the  crmcn  acute,  as  Ions  as  the  co- 
rolla, twice  as  long;  as  the  corpuscle,  brii^ht  pur|)le,  approaching;  to 
nranv:;e  ;  horn  rather  shorter  ihan  the  crown.  Corpuscle  brownisii 
green  at  base,  white  at  the  summit. 

(mows  in  the  damp  pine  barrens  of  the  middls  country. 

Flowers  June — Jul  v. 


IS.  PvupERcuLA.     Mich. 


Leaves  linear  lanceo- 
late, very  long,  remote, 
gkibrous,  with  th*  mar- 
i!;ifis  pul)cscent  ;  umbels 
lew  flowered. 


A.  folils  lineari-lanceo- 
latis,  prselongis,  remotis, 
glabris,  m.'ri!;inlbus  pu- 
bescentibus  ;  umbelfis 
paiicitloris.     E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  118.     Pursh,  1.  p.  182. 
A.  lanceolata,  Walt.  p.  103. 

Perennial.  Stem  erect,  3 — 4  feet  liigh,  glabrous,  near  the  summit 
marked  by  a  decurrent  hairy  line,  /.wiivs  sessile,  very  distant,  6—  12 
inches  long,  4 — 6  lines  wide,  acute  at  each  end,  with  the  midrib  very 
prominent,  somewhat  tleshv,  glaucous  underneath,  the  upper  part  of 
the  stem  naked.  Um  els  1 — 3,  few  flowered  ;  peduncles  long.  Flow- 
rm  very  similar  to  those  of  the  preceding  species,  but  with  colours 
more  bright  and  more  strongly  tinged  with  red. 

The  Asclepias  Curassavica,  cultivated  in  our  gardens  by  the  name 
of  Possimum  (vulgarised  from  Apocynum,  under  which  genus  all  the 
Asclcpiadeic  and  Apocynerr  were  arranged  by  the  old  botanists), 
forms  an  intermediate  species  between  tlte  A.  laurifolia  and  A.  pau- 
percula,  having  leaves  strictly  lanceolate,  more  thin  and  delicate  in 
their  structure  than  these  plants,  and  fltiwers  more  brilliant. 

(irows  around  pine  barren  ponds,  and  in  ilamp,  sandy  soils. 

Flowers  May — July. 


13.  Parviflora. 

A.  fohis  lanceolatis, 
acLuninatis,  basi  atteniia- 
tis,  raembranaccis,  gla- 
bris ;  caule  suflTriilicoso  ; 
unil)cllis  axillaribus,  soli- 
tariis.     E. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1267.     Pur«h,  1.  p. 
A.  pereiinis,  Walt  p.  107. 
A.  debilis,  Mich.  1.  p.  116. 


Leaves  lanceolate,  acu- 
minate, tapering  at  base, 
membranaceous,  gla- 
brous ;  stem  somewhat 
shrubby  ;  umbels  axilla* 
ly,  solitary. 

180. 


PENTANDRIA   DI6YNIA, 


Root  perennial.  Stem  I — 2  feet  high,  decumbent  and  erect,  te- 
rete, slio-htly  pubescent,  herbaceous  in  its  texture,  but  not  annual 
as  in  most  of  the  other  species.  Leaves  slightly  pubescent,  with  a 
silkj  lustre  on  the  upper  surface  ;  petioles  3 — 4  lines  long,  scarce- 
ly more  than  the  attenuated  base  of  the  leaves,  pubescent.  Umbels 
4 — 8,  generally  solitary,  axillary  and  terminal,  many  flowered  ;  flow-- 
ers  small.  Corolla  white,  2  or  3  times  as  long  as  the  corpuscle. 
Leaves  of  the  crown  obtuse,  very  white,  scarcely  longer  than  the  cor- 
puscle ;  horns  as  long  as  the  corolla.  Corpuscle  purple  at  base,, 
white  at  the  summit. 

Grows  in  rich,  wet  soils,  river  swamps ;  common  along  the  Ogeechee.- 

Flowers  May — August. 


14.    NiVEA. 

A.  foliis  ovato-lanceo- 
latis,  glabiiusculis  ;  uni- 
bellis  ei-ectis,  lateralibus, 
solitaviis  ;  caule  siiiiplici. 
Sp.  pi.  1.  p    1^66. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  180. 

Grows  on   tlie  banks  of  rivers  in  gravelly  soils,  from  Virginia  to 
Carolina.     Pursh. 
Flowers  July — ^August. 


Leaves  ovate-Ianceo- 
late,  nearly  glabrous  : 
umbels  erect,  lateral,  so- 
litary ;  stem  simple. 


Leaves  linear,  revolute, 
verticillate  and  opposite ; 
umbels  terminal  and  ax- 
illary ;  flowers  small  ; 
horns  exserted. 


15,  Verticillata. 

A.  foliis  linearibus,  re- 
volutis,  verticillatis  oppo- 
sitisque  ;  umbellis  termi- 
nalibus  axillarihusque  ; 
floribus  parvulis  5  corni- 
culis  exertis.     E. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1272.    Walt.  p.  lOG.   Mich.  1.  p.  116.  Pursh,  1.  p.  183. 

Stem  erect,  2 — 3  feet  high,  slender.  Leaves  linear,  sometimes 
crowded  near  the  base  of  the  stem,  verticillate  near  the  middle,  op- 
posite towards  the  summit,  and,  with  the  stem,  a  little  hairy.  Umbels 
terminal  and  axillary,  sometimes  verticillate,  2 — 3  or  4  around  the 
upper  joints.  Corolla  cinereous.  Leaves  of  the  croum  truncate^ 
half  as  long  as  the  corpuscle,  white  ;  honiSr  long,  exserted ;  corpuscle 
green  at  base,  white  at  the  summit. 

Grows  in  rich,  light  soils. 

Flowers  May— August. 


rENTANDIllA  DIGYNIjU 


3dJ 


Leaves  long,  linear, 
o|)|)(>8ilc  ;  umbels  lew, 
tcnniiuil,  naked  ;  horns 
short. 


Ifi.    CiNEFlRV.      Waif. 

A.  I'oliis  lonujis,  liiieari- 
hus,  oppositis  ;  innhellis 
puiicis,  terminalihus,  nu- 
(11s  ;  cdt'niculls  brevibus. 
E. 

AValt.  p.  105. 

Stem  erect,  slender,  2 — 3  feet  hi^h.  Leaven  linear,  3 — 4  inche)* 
lon^,  plabrnus,  opposite ;  the  upper  part  of  tlie  stem  nakc«l,  or  witli 
very  minute  leaves.  Umheln  2- -3.  near  tlie  sinnni:t.  Flowers  few  iu 
each  u-nbf^l,  larje  for  the  ilelicato  stnictiire  of  the  j)Iant ;  the  ijenerai 
colo'ir  of  the  llower  is  citioreoiis,  but  it  derives  sitj;:;ular  beauty  from 
t!ie  fine  tints  and  shading;,  with  which  nature  has  enriched  its  sombre 
hue.  Le  ves  of  tlie  crown  truncate,  shorter  than  the  corpuscle,  with 
the  hnrns  slijihtly  projecting. 

(irow3  in  damp  pine  barrens,  iu  the  middle  country.  Scrcveti  coun- 
fy,  (Teor;;ia. 

Flowers  June — July. 


**  Leaves  alternate. 


Leaves  scattered,  strap 
shaped,  sli2;htly  pubes- 
cent ;  unil)cl  solitary,  ter- 
minal ;  horns  included. 


**  Foliis  alter nis,  \ 

i7^  Angustifolia.     E. 

A.  foliis  sparsis,  lance- 
olalo  lineal il)us, parce pu- 
hcsccntibus ;  umbclla  so- 
Htaria,  terminali ;  corni- 
culis  inchnis.     E. 

A.  tuberosa  }   Walt.  p.  lOG.  -v 

Perennial.     Stem   8 — 18    inches  hi^^h,  terete,  pubegcent.     Leaves 
exactly  strap  shaped,  3—4  indies  lon-^,  2 — 3  lines  wide,  acute  at  each 
end.    Flowers  in  a  small,  terminal  umbel.     C'oro//a  greenish  or  ciner 
eous.     Leaves  of  t!ie  crown  nearly  orange  coloured,  longer  than  the 
corpuscle  ;  horns  included. 

Grows  in  wet  pine  barrens,  two  miles  from  Purysburgh,  on  the  road 
to  Coosawhatchic. 

Flowers  May — June. 


18.  Tuberosa. 
A.    hiisuta  :  foliis 


ob- 


longo- 

nis.  subconfcrtis 


anceolatis. 


altcr- 
caule 


Hirsute  ;  leaves  ob- 
long lanceolate,  alter- 
nate,  somewhat  crowd- 


326 


PENTANDRIA   DIGINIA. 


fruticoso,   ramoso ;   urn- 
bellis  coiymbosis.     E. 


I  ed  ;  stem  frutescent, 
I  branching  ;  umbels  co- 
i  rymbose. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1273.    Mich,  1.  p.  117.     Pursh,  1.  p.  183. 
A.  decumbens,  Walt.  p.  106.  % 

^oot  iuberous,  perennial.  Stem  erect,  and  decumbent,  hirsute, 
perennial,  branching  near  the  summit,  with  the  branches  expanding. 
Leaves  sometimes  much  crowded,  sessile,  or  with  petioles,  obtuse  at 
base,  sli2;htly  undulate  and  revolute.  Umheh  erect,  and  from  the 
the  curvature  of  the  expand! n,^- branches  frequently  forming  a  large 
corymb.  Corolla  ai-.d  croxvn  bViirht  orange  colourecl ;  corpuscle  tinged 
with  green  ;  leaves  of  the  crown  twice  as  long  as  the  corpuscle. 

I  possess  a  variety  of  this  plant  coUected  by  the  late  Robert  Por- 
teous,  Esq.  of  Beaufort,  in  which  the  leaves  are  uniformly  opposite  j 
in  all  ot'ier  respects  it  agrees  minutely  with  the  common  species. 

Grows  in  dry,  sandy  soils. 

Flowers  May — September.  Pleurisy  root.     ButterJIy  weed. 

Notwithstanding  the  celebrity  of  the  root  of  this  plant  as  a  remedy 
for  pleurisies,  it  can  only  be  considered  as  an  auxiliary.  A  decoction, 
taken  warm,  promotes  perspiration  and  ^.cts  very  slightly  on  the 
bowels  and  urinary  discharge. 


PODOSTIGMA.     E. 


Corpusculmn  pedicel- 
latum.  Masscc  pollinis 
10,  Isevcs,  peiidulffi.  Co- 
rona  staminea  5-phylIa  ; 
foliolis  compressis.  Co- 
rolla eampanulata.  FoU 
liculi  Iseves. 

1.    PUBESCENS. 

P.  caule  erecto ;  foliis 
linearibus  ;  umbellis  ter- 
minalibus  axillaribusque ; 
corpusculo  pedicellato. 
E. 

Asclepias  pedicellata,  Walt.  p.  106.     Pursh,  1.  p.  182. 

Perennial.  Stem  erect,  12 — 18  inches  high,  terete,  pubescent. 
Leaves  1 — 2  inches  long,  2  lines  wide,  acute  at  each  end.  Umbels 
on  short  peduncles,  few  flowered.  Flowers  rather  large.  Corolla 
oblong,  erect,  yellowish  green.    Leaves  of  the  crown  about  one  third 


Corpuscle  on  a  pedicel. 
Pollenmasses  10,  smooth, 
pendulous.  Stamineal 
croxvn  5  leaved  ;  the 
leaves  compressed.  Co- 
rolla campanulate.  FoU 
tides  smooth. 

Stem  erect ;  leaves  li- 
near ;  umbels  terminal 
and  axillary ;  corpuscle 
on  a  pedicel. 


PENTANDRIA  DIGYNlA* 


887 


A9  lonji;  as  the  corolla,  sotucwhat  e\j)amUM!  hctwocn  the  sejjments  of 
the  corolla,  compressed,  and  h(»ude<l  r  attached  at  base  and  ascending 
the  pedicel  ;  rorpuscle  Hn-j;ular,  supported  by  a  pedicel  nearly  as 
Ions  a«(  the  corolla.     U  rm»  2. 

Un  dissectinp:  this  plant,  1  first  noticed  a  fihre  or  chor.l  extendinjj; 
throiij^h  the  centre  of  tlic  corpuscular  pedicel  and  coininunicatiiii; 
from  the  anthers  to  the  <:erm.  Dr.  Macbriilc  has  since  seen  it  iu 
some  species  ol'the  Asrlepias. 

This  o;cnus  is  closely  allied  to  the  Calotropi«i.     Brown. 

Found  by  me,  many  years  at;o,  in  dry  j)irie  barrens  in  F>flin2;htm 
county,  Georgia:  near  St.  Mary's,  by  Dr.  Baldwin  j  eight  miles  froiu 
Charleston,  by  Mr.  Fraser. 

Fl<  vvers  May. 


Stem  erect ;  leaves  ob- 
long, ol)tuse,  pctiokite  ; 
uinl)els  generally  termi- 
nal. 


2.    ViKlDIS.       ' 

P  ^  caiile  erecto  ;  foliis 
oblongis,  ohtiisis,  petiola- 
tis  ;  uinbcllis  subtermi- 
nalibus.     Wall. 

Asclepias  viridis,  Walt.  p.  107. 

Leaves  smooth.  Umbels  few.  Petals  larj^e,  erect,  green.  Leaves 
«f  the  croiTM  entire,  expanding,  short,  purple  ;  corpuscle  dark  brown 
at  base,  white  at  tiie  i^ummit.     ^^'alt. 

I  am  only  acquainted  with  this  plant  by  the  description  of  Walter. 
It  probably  belongs  to  this  genu*.  I  was  informed  by  the  late  K. 
Squibb,  that  it  was  found  by  him  on  the  plantation  of  Mr.  Lowndeii, 
at  Ashepoo,  and  seat  to  Walter. 

Flowers  May— 


GONOLOBUS.     Mich. 


MassfV jwUlnis  lO.lacves. 
transversa;.  Corolla  ro- 
tata.  Corona  sfamincn 
erecta,  corpusciiluin  ciii- 
gens,  5-loba ;  lobis  3-den. 
tatis. 


Pollen  masses  10,  smooth, 
transverse.  Corolla  ro- 
tate. Stnmmeal  crown 
erect,  surrounding  the 
corpuscle,  5  lobed  ;  the 
lobes  3  toothed. 


1.  MACROPnYLLUs.     Mich. 


G.   fohis  lato-cordatis, 
ginu  clauso,  abrupte  acu- 


Lcavos  broad,  cordate, 
with  the  sinus  closed,  ab- 


328  PENTANDRIA  DIGYNIA, 


ruptly  acuminate  ;  folli* 
cles  muiicate  ;  lobes  of 
the  ci*own  divided. 


minatis;  folliculis  miiri- 
catis ;  lobis  coronse  divi- 
sis.     E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  119  ?    Pursh,  1.  p.  176  ? 
Vincetoxicum  acanthocarpos,  Walt.  p.  104. 

Stem  twining,  climbing  over  small  shrubs.  Leaves  large,  opposite, 
with  tlie  whole  plant  pubescent.  Flowers  in  axillary  umbels.  Co^ 
rolla  5  parted,  of  an  obscure  yellow  colour ;  lobes  oblonj^,  obtuse, 
Croivn  rather  longer  than  the  corpuscle  ;  the  2  lateral  teeth  of  each 
lobe  small,  linear,  the  intermediate  larger.  Stigrnn  depressed,  sq 
that  the  pollen  mas-es  extend  horizontally. 

Small  as  this  genus  is,  I  have  arranged  the  species  with  much  hesi- 
tation, and  made  the  references  with  uncertainty.  I  have  found,  (my 
observations  however  have  been  desultory),  this  species,  distinguished 
by  its  large  and  rounded  leaves,  always  bearing  hispid  fruit  •.  and  on 
a  label  accompanying  a  specimen  of  this  plant  from  Dr.  Baldwin,  ho 
has  written  "  fruit  liispid."  Yet  Michaux  describes  his  G.  macro- 
phyllus  as  having  follicles  "  costato-anjiulatis  ;"  and  Walter  ascribes 
to  his  V.  gonocarpos  the  leaves  that  apparei>tly  belong  to  this  species. 
Perhaps  some  intermediate  species  arc  yet  to  be  made  known. 

Grows  in  light  soils. 

Flowers  June — August. 

The  root  of  this  species,  and  probably  of  the  others,  acts  on  thp 
bowels  in  a  manner  similar  to  colocynth. 

2.  Carolinensis  ? 

G.  foliis  oblongo-cor-  Leaves  oblong  coixlatOi 
datis,  subauriculatis,  sinu  slightly  auriculate,  with 
aperto,  acuminatis  ;  fol-  the  sinus  open,  acumi- 
liculis  costato  angulatis  ;  nate  ;  follicles  ribbed  and 
lobis  coronse  coalitis.    E.     angled  ;    lobes     of    the 

crown  united. 

G.  hirsutus,  Mich.  1.  p.  119.     Pursh,  1.  p.  179. 
Cynanchum  Carolinense  ?  Sp.  pi.  I.  p.  1256. 
Vincetoxicum  gonocarpos,  Walt.  p.  104. 

Stem  twining,  with  the  whole  plant  pubescent.  Leaves  oblong, 
slightly  acuminate,  *  Umbels  axillary.  Corolla  dark  purple,  the  seg- 
ments long,  elliptic,  obtuse.  Crown  rather  longer  than  the  corpus- 
cle, so  united  as  only  to  exhibit  a  margin  where  2  minute  teeth  al- 
ternate with  a  larger  one. 

Grows  among  shrubbery  ;  sometimes  found  in  close,  clayey  soils. 

Flowers  May — August. 

3.  Obliquus. 

G.  caule  twining,  hirto ;  Stem  twining,  hirsute  ; 
foliis  ovato-cordatis,  acu-     leaves  ovate  cordate,  a- 


vnNTANnniA  dicyma. 


8Sd 


lis ;  coryi"n])is  axillarihus ; 
latiniiK  coiollaj  ovatis,  a- 
cuniiiiatis. 


cute  ;  conmbs  axillaiy  ; 
segments  of  the  corolla 
ovate,  acuminate. 


C'yiianclium  obl'njuuin,  Pp.  pi.  l.p.  V25Cu 

Growg  in  Car»»Iiua.  WiM.    This,  if  rc.illy  a  native  of  this  country^ 
lias  not  recently  been  seen. 


4.    PUOSTRATUS? 

G.  caiilr  prostratojirr- 
bacco  ;  fnliis  icniformi- 
cordatis,  acutis,  suhtus  lo- 
mcntosis. 

Cynancliuni  prostratuin,  Sp.  p 


Stem  prostrate,  bcrba- 
crous  ;  leaves  rcnifonni 
coi  (late,  acute,  toiiicntose 
underneatli. 

l.p.  1257. 

Stem  (lividinij  near  the  base  into  many  divaricate  branches,  6—12 
inches  long,  liairy-  Lower  leaves  often  leniforni  ;  the  upper  cordate, 
y;enerally  acute  ;  all  slijjlttly  hairy  on  both  sides,  and  ciliate.  Umbels 
axillary,  5  flowererl.  t'lfiivers  i-inall,  purplish-  I't'tab  ovate,  obtuse. 
Fnllic'les  oval,  smooth.     l^iUlwin. 

Tiiis  plant  wan  first  found,  without  flower  or  fruit,  by  Mr.  Lyon,  on 
the  sand  bills  near  Fort  Barrinjiton  on  tb-j  .Matamalia.  It  bas  since 
been  seen  iu  a  mature  state,  and  carefully  dc!»cribcd  by  Dr.  Baldwin, 


CHENOPODIUM.     Gen.  pl.  435. 


Cah{T  j-pl»>llus,  ii-go- 
nus.  Corolla  0.  Semen 
1,  lenticularc,  supcrum. 

1.  MriiALi:. 

C.  foliis  ovatis,  inse- 
qualiter  derUatis,  acutis, 
nitidi^s ;  raccmis  corym- 
])0?is,  midis ;  caulc  ra- 
moso,  patulo.  8p.  pl.  i. 
p.  1301. 

Pursh,  \.  p.  198. 

Stem  1'2 — 18  inches  hi^h,  bi-anchin^.  decumbent.  \.puve$  ovafo 
lanceolate,  on  Ions;  petioles.  Fln^jers  in  leafy,  axillary  panicles  ? 
cxjinposed  of  spikes  on  wliicli  the  flowers  aie  densely  clustered. 

Found  among  lubbisli  alonij  the  river  side,  Bcauior^ 

Flowers  Au-^u^t — September. 

VLft 


Cafffx  5  leaved,  5  mu 
gleil.  Corollu  ().  Seed  1, 
lenticular,  superior. 

Leaves  ovate,  unequal 
ly  toothed,  acute,  sliif lint^ , 
racemes  corymbose,  inu 
ked ;  stem  l)rancliing,  ex- 
panded. 


^SQ 


PENTANDBIA   DIGYNIA. 


Leaves  rhomboid  ovatef, 
erose,  entire  at  base,  the 
upper  oblong,  entire  ; 
seeds  smooth. 


S.  Album. 

C.  foliis  rhomboid eo- 
ovatis,  erosis,  postice-  in- 
tegris,  superioribus  ob- 
longis,  integerrimis  ;  se- 
minibus  Isevibus.  Smith 
Fl.  Brit.  1.  p.  273. 

Sp.pl.  1.  p.  1302.     Walt.  p.  111.     Pursh,  1.  p.  198. 

Annual.  Stem  3 — 6  feet  high,  branching.  The  leaves^  when  the 
plant  lias  nearly  attained  its  growth,  white  as  if  covered  with  a  thin 
pellicle.     Panicle  axillary,  composed  of  a  few  spikes. 

The  C.  viride,now  considered  as  a  variety  of  this  species,  is  conspi*- 
cuous  when  young  by  a  more  vigorous  foliage  and  a  bright  green 
colour  ;  when  old  I  have  found  myself  unable  to  distinguish  them  by 
any  character. 

Grorvvs  in  gardens  and  around  buildings. 

Flowers  July — September,  Lambs  quarter^ 


Leaves  oblong,  sinuate ; 
racemes  naked,  many 
parted. 


3.    BOTRYS. 

C.  foUis  oblongis,  slnu- 
atis  ;  racemis  nudis,  mul- 
titidis.    Sp.  pi.  i.p.  1304. 

Pursh,  l.p.  198. 

Annual.  Stem  much  branched.  Leaves  deeply  sinuate,  with  the 
segments  toothed.  The  extremities  of  the  branches  crowded  with 
flowers.     The  flavour  of  the  whole  plant  is  strong  but  not  unpleasant.; 

Grows  about  Columbia. 

Flowers  July — August. 


Leaves  lanceolate, 
toothed  ;  racemes  sim- 
ple, leafy. 


4?.  Ambrosioides. 
C.    foliis    lanceolatis, 
dentatis ;    racemis   folia- 
tis,  simpUcibus.     Sp.  pi. 
1.  p.  1304. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  198. 

The  leaves  in  this  species  are  delicate  in  their  texture,  toothed,  not 
sinuate,  and  the  branches  have  not  the  naked  appearance  of  thosQ  of 
the  C.  botrys. 

Grows  in  sandy  fields,  Georgia.   Pursh.'    Very  frequent-. 

nwvevs  July, 


PENTANDRIA  DIGYNlA, 


sai 


5.    ANTnEI.MINTIClTM. 

C.  Ibliis  ol)loii2;o-Iancc- 
olatis,  siiiuato-deiitatis,  ru- 
gosis  ;  raccniis  apliyllis  ; 
stylo  1,  trilido.     E. 


Leaves  o])long  lanceo- 
late, sinuate  and  dentate, 
rnp;ose ;  racemes  naked  j 
style  1,  3  cleft. 


Sp. pi.  l.p.  1304.  Walt.  p.  111.  Mich.  1.  p.  irs.  I'ur9ii,l.p. 

Jinnt  pereniiial.  Stem  herbaceous,  erect,  furrowed,  branching, 
4 — G  feet  hifrh.  I^nves  alt^eruato,  nearly  sessile,  ;;!abrous,  strongly 
veined,  sprinkled  on  the  under  surface  with  glandular  atoms  Fluio 
rfTS  in  axiiiarv,  leafless  spikes,  which  toward  the  summit  of  the  brandies 
become  densely  crowded.  Calyx  1  leaved,  5  parted,  persistent,  gla- 
brous: the  segments  concave,  aciite.  /*'i/a?n^M/s  longer  than  tlie  ca;- 
lyx,  transparent.  .inthcrs  incumbent,  recurved,  yellow.  Germ 
BiTperior,  liirbiDatc,  truncate.  Style  3  cleft,  as  long  as  the  stamens, 
Sti;::inas  simple,  acute. 

This  is  probablv  our  only  indigenous  species.  The  otiiers  have  all 
been  introduced.  Specimens  of  this  plant  which  I  have  received  from 
tlie  Eastern  States  difter  from  ours  by  leaves  less  rugose,  dentate  not 
sinuate,  and  flowers  in  detached  clusters  (glomerules),  not  in  pani- 
culate spikes  as  with  us. 

Grows  in  loose  soils.    Common  in  pastures. 

Flowers  June — August.  JenisaUm  Onlc. 

The  expressed  juice  of  the  leaves  was  formerly  much  used  in  family- 
practice  as  a  preventive  of  Morms  in  children.  An  ounce  or  two  waJ 
given  on  an  empty  stomach  once  or  twice  a  week.  The  health  of  puny 
children  is  sometimes  improved  by  it.  The  essential  oil  of  the  seed 
has  been  much  extolled  as  a  vermifuge. 

SALSOLA.     Gen.  tl. 


CaJijx  5-phyllas.  Co. 
rolla  0.  Cupsufa  i-?pc.r- 
ma.    ISemen  cochlcatiiin. 

1.  CaroUniana. 

S.  herbacea,  deciini- 
bens,  glabra  ;  ioliis  dila- 
tato-subulatis,  spinesccn- 
tihus  ;  calycibus  fVuc- 
tifcris  explanato-ahitis. 
Persoon  ex  Midi. 

Walt.  p.  111.     Mich.  1.  p.  I 

Annual  }  Stem  cioct,  much  br; 
Summit  of  the  stem  and  bianolicd 


I  Caljfx  ij  leaved.  Co- 
j  rolla  0.  Capsule  1  seed- 
j  ed.     Seed  spiral. 

Herbaceous,  decum- 
bent, glabrous  ;  leaves 
dilated  subulate,  spiny  < 
calyx  when  in  fruit  llat- 
tened,  winged. 


74. 

inched,  striate,  very  tjlabrnus,  at  tlu'" 
slightly  an;^led  ;  t!:c  lov  cr  branches 


§3^  PENTANDRIA   DIGYl^A. 

rest  on  the  ground  and  give  it  the  appearance  of  a  procumbent  plant.- 
Leaves  alternate,  tleshy,  terete,  compressed  and  dilated  at  base,  em- 
bracing the  stem,  very  acute  and  rigid,  half  a.n  inch  long.  Flowers 
generally  solitary,  axillary,  sessile,  with  two  leaves  at  the  base  of 
each.  Leaves  of  the  calyx  wide  at  base,  slightly  acuminate  at  the 
incurved  summit,  rose  coloured,  persistent.  Ft  aments  longer  than 
the  calyx.  Anthers  incumbent,  purple.  Germ  superior,  depressed. 
Styles  2,  as  long  as  the  stamens.  Stigmas  acute.  Capsule  ovate,  de- 
pressed, glabrous.     Seed  spiral. 

Grows  on  the  drifting  sands  along  the  margins  of  the  ocean,  and 
is  probably  only  a  variety  of  S.  kali.         . 

Flowers  through  the  whole  summer. 


Herbaceous,  erect  f 
leaves  linear,  acute,  suc- 
culent, glal)rous  ;  flowers 
by  threes,  axillary,  spik- 
ed ;  styles  2,  simple. 


2.  Linearis.     E. 

S  ?  herhacea,  erecta  ; 
foliis  linearibus,  acutis, 
carnosis,  glabris  ;  floribus 
ternis,  axillaribus,  spica- 
tis  ;  stylis  2,  simplicibus. 
E. 

S.  salsa  .»    Mich.  1.  p  174.     Pursh,  1.  p.  197. 
Chenopodium  maritimum,  Walt.  p.  111. 

Root  annual.  Stem  nearly  erect,  terete,  furrowed,  very  glabrous^ 
much  branched.  Leaves  alternate,  sessile,  nearly  2  inches  long- 
Flowers  sessile,  in  3  flowered  fascicles,  axillary,  crowded.  Leaves 
<if  the  calyx  obtuse,  concave,  angled  on  the  back,  fleshy.  Filaments 
longer  than  the  calyx.  Jinthei^s  incumbent,  yellow.  Germ  ovate. 
Style  0.  •'•itigmaf-  2.  simple,  nearly  acute.  Seed  covered  with  a  thin, 
black,  glossy  pellicle  (capsule),  and  clothed  by  the  permanent  calyx, 
lenticular,  and  obscurely  spiral. 

Thrs  appeals  to  be  an  intermediate  species  between  the  S.  salsa  and 
spicata.  From  the  former  it  differs  by  its  calyx  and  styles,  from  th« 
latter  by  its  leaves. 

The  Salsola  Carol iniana  is  thinly  scattered  along  our  sea  coast  but 
grows  readily  from  the  seed,  aud  could  easily  be  multiplied.  This 
«pecies  now  grows  in  some  situations  on  our  sea  i>lands  so  abundant- 
ly, that  if  the  humidity  of  our  climate  opposes  no  difliculty  to  the  pro- 
cess, it  might  be  profitably  employed  in  the  manufacture  of  Barilla. 

Grows  along  the  margin  of  the  ocean.  Generally  found  above  the 
reach  of  common  spring  tides,  but  in  situations  occasionally  inundat- 
ed. 

Flowers  September— October. 


^KNTANnUlA    DIGYNIA. 


8»» 


ULMUS.     Gen.  pl. 


CalifX  5  cleft.  Corolla 
0.  ISa/nara  compressed, 
incinl)ranaccous.  (Sta^ 
mens  4 — B.) 


Branches  smooth,  re. 
curved;  serratiires  of  the 
leaves  hooked,  acumin- 
ate ;  llowers  pedicellate  ; 
fruit  limbriate. 


Pursh,  l.p.  199. 
attains  a  very  ^reat  size.    In  the 


Caljfx  5  tulas.  CoroL 
la  0.  Sfitnara  com|)rcs. 
so-mrmhranacea.  (Sta^ 
mina  4 — 8.) 

1.  Aaif.uicana. 

U.  ramis  Irevihus,  ro- 
curvis  ;  folio  rum  scnatu- 
ris  uncinaio-acuminatiij ; 
florilnis  pedicellatis  ; 
fructibus  iimbriatis. 
Mich.  J.  p.  173. 

Mich.    Arbies  forest.  3.  p,  2G9. 
Sp.  pl.  1.  p.  1325.     Walt.  p.  111. 

A  tree  uhich  in  favorable  soils 
low  country  of  Georgia  and  Carolina,  winch  is  nearly  it^  southern 
limit.it  rarely  exceeds  40  or  50  feet  in  hei2;ht,  and  1  or  2  in  diameter. 
Its  branches,  when  younj:  and  vij^ornus,  are  jiracefully  recurved  like 
the  feather  of  the  ostrich,  and  distinguish  the  tree  even  at  a  distance. 
Lfflrcs  alternate,  lanceolate,  oblique,  doubly  serrate,  acuminate,  un- 
equal at  base.  Flowers  in  small  fascicles,  5 — 10,  generally  appearing 
before  the  leaves.  Stamens  varyin>i;  from  4 — 8.  Germ  superior. 
Stifles  -2,  short,  reflected.  Fruit  a  "  dry  berry,"  Linn,  surrounded 
bv  alcir:;e  membranous  wing,  and  containing  one  seed.  Gsertner  calls 
this  fruit  a  Samara. 

Micliaux  the  younger,  in  his  splendid  work  on  the  Forest  Trees  of 
Nortli  America,  considers  this  tree,  when  in  favorable  situations, as  the 
most  magnificent  in  the  temperate  climes  of  the  two  continents,  la 
the  plains  ot  Genessee,  and  the  vallies  of  the  Ohio,  it  sometimes  at- 
tains the  height  of  100  feet,  with  a  diameter  of  4 — 5,  aiwl  is  more  re- 
markable for  its  grace  and  beauty  tlian  its  si/.e.  Its  wood,  however, 
he  considers  inferior  to  tlie  EIu>  of  Europe  (I*,  campestris),  and  re- 
commends the  introduction  into  this  country  of  the  curled  variety  of 
the  European  Elm. 

Grows  in  ricli,  close  soils  and  along  the  margins  of  swamps. 

Flowers  February — March.  Elm. 


2.   Vv\.\\. 

U.  foliis  ovali-obloni;is, 
lon2;issimc  acuminatis,  u- 
truiquc    pubescentibus   ; 


Loaves  oval  o])lonf]^, 
with  a  ycvy  lonq;  acumi- 
luUion,  pubescent  on  both 


834 


PENTANDRIA  DIGYNIA. 


gemmis  lana  densa,  fulva, 
tomcntosis ;  floribus  ses- 
silibus.     Pers.  ex  Mich. 


sides  ;  buds  tomentose, 
with  a  thick,  tawny  woolf 
flowers  sessile. 


Mich.  1.  p.  172.     Pursh,  1.  p.  200. 

U.  rubra,  Mich,     Arb.  For.  3.  p.  278. 

V.  campestris  ?  Walt.  p.  111. 

A  tree  generally  of  smaller  size  than  the  preceding.  Leaves  much 
larger,  oval,  doubly  serrate,  equal  at  base,  and  sometimes  sliglitly 
cordate,  very  rough.  Flowers  nearly  sessile,  f  Stamens  5 — 7.)  Stig- 
mas purple.     Samara  pubescent.     Mich. 

Grows  around  Columbia,  in  fertile  spots  ;  rarely  seen  in  the  low 
country.  The  flowers,  as  in  the  other  species  of  Ulmus,  expand  be- 
fore the  leaves. 

Flowers  February — March.  Slippery  Elm. 


3.    AliATA. 

U.  ramis  utrinque  ala- 
to-suberosis  ;  foliis  ob» 
longo-ovalibus,  sensim  a- 
cuiis,  basi  subsequalibus ; 
fructu  puhescente,  ciliato. 
Pers.  ex  Mich. 


Branches  on  each  side 
winged  with  a  cork-hke 
bark  ;  leaves  oblong  oval, 
acute,  nearly  equal  at 
base  ;  fruit  pubescent,  ci- 
liate. 


Mich.  1.  p.  173.     Pursh.  l.p.  200. 
Mich.  Arb.  For.  3.  p.  275. 
U.  pumila,  Walt.  p.  111. 

A  small  tree,  rarely  exceeding  30  feet  in  height ;  remarkable  for  the 
corky  excrescence  which  grows  along  the  branches,  on  two  opposite 
sides.  Leaves  nearly  sessile,  oblong  lanceolate,  acute,  not  .acumi- 
liate.  doubly  serrate,  equal  at  base.     Samara  pubescent  and  ciliate. 

Grows,  like  the  U.  Americana,  in  close,  fertile  soils. 

Flowers  February — March.  TfTiahoo. 

In  our  low  country,  however,  the  name  whahoo  is  even  now  indis*- 
criminately  applied  to  every  species  of  Elm. 

PLANERA.     Gmel. 


Calyx  campanulatus, 
3 — 5  fidus.  Corolla  0. 
Stigmata  2.  J^ux  l  sper- 
ma,  scabrata. 

1.  Gmelini.     Mich. 


Calyx  campanulate, 
3 — 5  cleft.  Corolla  0. 
Stigmas  2.  J^ut  1  seed- 
ed, roughened. 


Sp.  pi.  4.  p.  9C7.     Mich.  2,  p.  248.     Pursh,  1.  p.  115. 

Anon,  aquatica,  Walt.  p.  230. 

V.  ulmifolia,  Mich.  Arb.  Forest.  3.  p.  283. 


PENTANDRIA   DICYNTA. 


335 


A  free,  fjtnerally  about  r»0  or  40  feet  liij;h,  resemMinpj  very  mucli 
the  Elm  in  its  fuliaj^e.  Leaves  ovate,  acute,  or  slif;l»tly  acuminate, 
serrate,  glabrous  equal  at  base.  Flntrers  axillary,  generally  by 
threes.  Segments  of  the  cabjx  and  stamens  (3—5)  variable  in  num- 
ber. Germ  superior,  ovate.  Slif;vias  '2.  recurved,  leathered.  JVuf 
{•liirhtly  koele<l,  roughened  as  if  irregularly  covered  with  scales. 

Grow3  iii  the  river  swamps  in  Carolina  and  Georgia;  very  com- 
mon on  the  Santec. 

Flowers  very  regularly  in  the  last  week  in  February. 


CELTIS.     Gen.  pl.  15U1. 


Drupa  l-sperma.  Ca- 
lyx 5 — 6  partitus.  Sta- 
mina  5 — 6.  Stf/ll  2,  pa- 
tcntes. 

1.       OCCIDENTALIS. 

C.  foliis  ovatis,  acumi 
natis,  pequaliter  serratis, 
basi  injiHiualibus,  supra 
scabris,  subtus  birtis ;  fVuc- 
tii  solitario.  Pursb,  l.p. 
;eoo. 
)i 


u. 


p.  250 

'.'25. 


Drupe  1  seeded.  Ca-^ 
hjx  5 — 6  parted.  Sta- 
??ie?is  5 — 6.  Styles  2,  ex- 
panding. 

Leaves  ovale,  acumi- 
nate, equally  serrate,  un- 
equal at  base,  scabrous  on 
tbc  upper  surface,  hairy 
on  the  under  ,•  fruit  soli- 
tary. 

Mich.  2.  p.  249. 


4.  p.  994.     Walt. 
Arb.  Forest.  3.  p.  : 

A  large  tree,  sometimes  attaining  a  height  of  60 — 80  feet,  with  % 
diameter tjf  3 — 4.  It  was  formerly  much  cultivated  on  the  sea  islands 
as  an  ornamental  tree,  but  it  has  been  latterly  neglected,  /''lowers  and 
fruit  very  small  Drupe  nearly  globular,  purple.  The  thin  pulp  that 
envelopes  the  nut  is  very  sweet,  and  has  ac(juired  for  the  tree,  ia 
many  places,  the  popular  name  of  Sii^ar  berry  Tree. 

Grows  in  rich,  light  soils,  ou  tlie  sea  islands;  generally  along  th© 
marjjin  of  the  salt  water. 

Flowers  April — May. 


HYDROLEA. 


Calyx  5-partitus.  Corol- 
la subcamj)anulata.  Fila- 
menta  basi  dilatata.  Cap- 
sula  2  locularis,  3  valvi?. 


Calyx  5  parted.  Corolla 
campanulate.  Filaments 
dilated  at  base.  Capsule 
a  celled,  2  valvcd. 


S3 8  pBNTANDniA  UIGYNIA. 

1,  Quad Riv ALMS.     Walt. 


Spiny,  hairy  ;  leaves 
wed^e  shaped  at  base, 
lanceolate, long;  flowers 
nearly  sessile,  axillary. 


H.  spinosa,  hu'suta  ; 
foliis  cuneato-lanceolatis, 
longis  ;  floribus  subses- 
silibus,  axillaribus.  Pers. 
ex  Mich. 

Walt.  p.  no.     Pursh,  1.  p.  18/ 
H.  Caroliuiana,  Mich.  l.p.  177. 

Root  creeping,  perennial.  Stem  1 — Q.  feet  hit>;h,  decmnbeirt  and  as«r 
surgent,  sometimes  branched,  hairy,  sliglitly  furrowed  and  geniculate. 
Leaves  alternate,  acute,  entire,  hairy  along  the  veins,  shining,  taper- 
ing at  base.  Flowers  2 — 6,  in  axillary  clusters,  with  a  spine  at  each 
axil.  Fednncles  1  —  2  lines  lona;,  hairy.  (Uibjx  1  leavtd,  5  parted, 
hairy  ;  segments  subulate,  equal.  Corolla  1  petalled,  nearly  cam- 
panulate,  pubescent,  azure,  border  5  j)artcd  ;  segments  acute.  Fila- 
hiients  inserted  into  the  tube  of  tlie  corolla,  dilated  at  base,  not  strictr 
ly  cordate,  shorter  than  the  corolla,  azure.  Jinthers  incumbent,  2 
celled.  Germ  superior,  ovate,  glabrous.  Styles  as  long  as  tlie  sta-- 
mens,  azure.  ,S/i^wflS  obtuse,  glandular.  Cfl/ww/f  globose,  glabrous, 
somewhat  mucronate,  2  celled,  4  valved  ?  Seeds  numerous,  smalli 
eval,  attached  to  a  large  centra!  receptacle. 

Grows  in  wet,  boggy  ground,  around  ponds. 

Flowers  July — September. 

2.  Corymb  OS  A.     Macbride. 


H.  inermis,  subglabia ; 
foliis  lanceolatis  ;  calyci- 
bus  hispidis  ;  floribus  ter- 
minalibiis.    E. 


Without  spines,  nearly 
glabrous  ;  leaves  lanceo. 
late  ;  calyx  bispid  ;  How- 
crs  terminal. 


Creeping,  perennial.  Stem  2  feet  high,  assurgent  or  erect,  smooth 
near  the  base,  among  the  branches  a  little  hairy.  Leaves  alternate, 
•essile.  somewhat  ovate  lanceolate,  the  veins  and  margins  finely  pu- 
bescent, the  old  leaves  glabrous,  smaller  than  in  the  preceding  spe- 
cies. F  owers  on  the  summit  of  each  small  branch,  solitary,  forming 
small  terminal  corymbs  Calyx  deeply  5  parted  (perhaps  5  leaved)  ; 
segments  lanceolate,  acute,  hairy,  almost  hispid.  Corolla  3  times  as 
long  as  the  calyx,  nearly  campanulate;  segments  of  the  border  ovate, 
azure,  with  yellowish  veins,  and  5  wiiite  spots  near  the  base.  Fila- 
ments  nearly  as  long  as  the  corolla,  suddenly  dilated  at  base.  Styles 
longer  than  the  stamens.  Stigmas  small,  capitate.  Capsule  globose, 
glabrous,  2  valved. 

The  corolla  in  this  species  is  much  larger  than  in  the  preceding; 
and  the  plant,  from  its  mode  of  flowering  and  the  bright  colours  oi" 
its  corolla,  very  ornamental. 

Found  by  Dr.  Macbride  in  the  pine  barren  ponds  in  St.  Stephens. 

Flowers  through  the  summer. 


PENTANURIA    DIGVNlAi 


S0 


HELCHEHA. 


Prtah  ij.  Capsule  It 
l)c:iked,  2  celled. 

Viscid  and  piihescent; 
scapes  naked, thyrsus  e- 
loii!i;ated  ;  radical  leaves 
on  lon^  petioles,  witk. 
rounded  lobes. 


Pt'tala  .").  Capsufa  2- 
lX)stti«,  ;3-lociilaris. 

I.  AmI'-RK  ANA. 

H.  viscoso-i)ul)csccns  ; 
scapis  subnudis,  tliyrso 
cloniijato  ;  foliis  radicali- 
I)us  longe  pcliolalis,  ro- 
tundito-lobatis.  Pers.  1. 
p.  290. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  Walt.  p.  Ill, 

II.  cortusa,  Mich.  1.  p.  171. 
H.  viscida,  Fursh,  1.  p.  IST. 

Perennial.  Stem  0.  Leaven  all  radical,  cordatr,  5 — 7  lobed,  tlite 
lobes  rounded  and  di'iitatc  :  the  b'eth  iiuicronate,  the  margin  of  the 
leaves  finely  fringed  .:  leaves  2 — .>  inches  in  cither  direction.  Feti- 
oles  4 — G  inches  long,  ficape  naked,  2 — 3  feci  high,  terete.  Flow- 
ers in  a  long  terminal  panicle  or  thyrsus.  Cah/.v  5  parted.  Petals 
small,  inserted  into  the  tube  of  the  calyx.  Filaments  much  longer 
than  the  calyx,  into  whicli  they  are  inserted.  ^"inthers  2  celled- 
Uerm  superior,  2  parted,  at  the  summit  tapering  into  2  long  styles. 
Capsule  in  2  long  beaks.     Seeds  numerous,  small. 

Grows  in  close,  rich  soils  ;  gQiicrally  uear  water  courses;  Coluill'' 
bia  county,  Ueorgia. 

Flowers  April — May. 


2.   HisrioA.     Piirsh. 

H.  foliis  acute-lof)alis 
dcntatisque,  supra  hispi- 
do-pilosis  ;  pedunculis 
panicula?  paucifloris;  pc- 
talis  spatbulatis,  lonojitu- 
dine  calycis.     Pursli,    i. 


Leaves  acutely  lobed 
and  toothed,  hispid  oa 
the  upper  surface  ;  ped- 
uncles of  the  panicle  few 
flowered  ;  jHitals  spatliu- 
late,  as  long  as  the  calyx. 


p.  188. 

Fetioles  and  under  surface  of  tlie  leaves  [glabrous;  teeth  of  the 
leaves  very  short,  slightly  rctuse,  murronate.  Colifx  short,  acute* 
Sfamen^  exserted.     Pursh. 

Grows  on  the  high  mountains  of  Virginia  and  Carolina.     Pnrsk, 

Flowers  Mav — June. 

8  2 


338 


PENTANDRIA   DIGYNIA. 


3.  Caulescens.     Pursh. 


H.  basi  sufFriiticosa  ; 
fnliis  acute-lobatis,  denta- 
tis,  cilialis,  supra  glabris  ; 
petalis  linearibus,  calyce 
duplolongioribiis.  Piush, 
1.  p.  1«8. 


Shrubby  at  base ;  leaves 
acutely  lobed,  dentate, 
ciliate,  glabrous  on  the 
upper  surface  ;  petals  li- 
near,  twice  as  long  as  the 
calyx. 


Scape,  at  base,  and  the  petioles  hairj.  Leaves  hairy  along  the 
nerves  of  the  under  surface  :  teetli  acute,  mucronate.  Calyx  short, 
viliose.     Petals  white.     Pursh. 

Found  on  the  hij^h  mountains  of  Carolina,  by  Mr.  Lyon. 

Flowers  May — June. 


DICHONDRA.     Gen.  pl.  45 1 . 


Califx  5  parfed.  Co- 
rolla canipanulate,  5  part- 
ed. Capsules  2,  one  seed- 
ed. 

Pubescent ;  leaves  round 
reniforni,  green  on  l)oth 
sides  ;  calyx  villous  a- 
long  the  margins. 


Calyx  5-partitus.  Co- 
rolla campanulata,  .^-par- 
tita. Capsuled  &,  mono- 
gpermse. 

1.  Garolinensis. 

D.  pubescens  ;  foliis  ro- 
tundato-reniformibus,  u- 
trinque  viridibus  ;  caly- 
cibus  villoso-ciliatis. 

Mich.  1.  p.  136.     Pursh,  1.  p.  187. 
Anon,  repens,    ^^'alt.  p.  110. 

Perennial.  Stem  prostrate,  creeping,  pubescent,  terete.  Leaves 
alternate,  entre,  or  slightly  emarginutc,  a  little  I  airy  on  both  sur- 
faces. JPeiio^es  nearly  an  inch  long.  i^Youvrs  axillaiy, solitary  Ca- 
lifjd  persistent ;  segments  obuvate,  obtuse,  hairy.  Corolla  as  long  as 
the  calyx,  wliite  ;  segments  oval,  obtuse.  Filaments  shorter  than  the 
corolla,  inserted  into  its  tube.  Anthers  2  celled,  incumbent,  purple. 
Germ  superior,  nearly  round,  compressed,  emarginate,  very  villous. 
Styles  2,  setaceous,  as  long  as  the  stamens.  Stigmas  globose.  Cap- 
^ule  2  celled,  2  valved.     Seed  1  in  each  cell. 

Grows  in  most  soils  not  inundated. 

Flowers  March — May.      _ 


PENTANDUIA    DK.YNIA. 


88# 


GENTIANA.     Ohn.  tl.  150. 


CovoUd  1- petal  a.  Cap- 
suhi  2-valvis,  i-Ioculaiis  ; 
rc('(^|)taculi.s  2,  longiludi- 
iialii)us. 

1.   Saponvuia. 

G.  folils  ovato-laiicco- 
Jatis,  aciitis,  glal)iis  ;  ca- 
lycis  laciniis  ovatis  lulxj 
l)icvi()ii!)us ;  con)llie  lim- 
bo connivc'iitc,  plici-^  in- 
tcniis  iiuequaliter  l)ili  lis, 
extcrioresicquaiitibus.  K. 


Corolla  t  potallcd.  Cap- 
sule  i  valvcd.  1  colled  ; 
with  2  longitudinal  recep. 
taclcs. 

TiCavcs  ovate  lanceo- 
late, acute,  glaI)rous ;  seg- 
ments of  the  calyx  ovate, 
slioitcr  tluui  the  tuho  ; 
corolla  witli  the  border 
connivent,  the  interior 
segments  unequally  3 
cleft,  as  Ionic  as  tiie  exte- 


rior. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  IX  1338.     Piusli,  1.  p.  185. 

Pcrpiinial.  fitpm  sim  lo,  I — '2  feet  hi2;li<  ;in.l  with  the  leaves  nearly 
glabrous  Floicers  axillary  and  terminal,  sensile,  clustered.  '"^eK- 
uieiits  of  the  calyx  verj  short,  sometimes  oblong,  but  acute.  Corolla 
ventricosc,  blue. 

Grovvd  alon;;  water  courses  in  the  upper  districts  and  mouutaiiis  of 
Carolina  and  Georj^ia. 

Flowers  October. 


2.  Catesbxi.     Walt. 

G.  aspera  ;  foliis  an- 
gusto-lanceolatis ;  calyeis 
laciniis  lincai'i-lanceolatis. 
tuho  (luplo  loni^i'Mihus  ; 
corolla?  iiml)o  erecto,  pli- 
cis  intcrnis  i)revibus,  bili- 
dis,  liuil)natis.     E. 

Walt.  p.  109. 

Stem  erect,  simple,  verv  rnujh,  sli;;h<ly  j)ubescent.  Lfai'pf;  sen* 
brous.  FlowpTH  1—3,  sometimes  more,  in  eacli  axil.  Sfj^ments  cf 
the  caltf.v  2  or  3  times  as  loni;  as  the  tube.  Honlor  of  the  corolla  erect, 
or  sometimes  expanding.     Filaments  half  the  length  of  the  corolla; 


Rough  ;  leaves  narrow 
lanceolate  ;  segmeiits  of 
the  calyx  linear  lanceo- 
late, twice  as  long  as  the 
tube ;  corolla  with  the  bor- 
der erect,  the  inteiior 
segments  short,  -2  cleft, 
lim!)riatc. 


340  IPENTANDRIA   DIGYNIA. 

inserted  into  its  tube.  Anthers  erect,  sagittate.  GertJi  superi&!> 
salvias  2,  short,  reflected.     -Seed  compressed,  slightly  winged. 

Grows  in  ditches,  and  along  the  margins  of  rivulets.  Common  ii> 
the  low  country  of  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

Flowers  October. 


3.    OCHROLETJCA. 

G.  glaberrima ;  foliis 
lanceolatis  obovatisque  ; 
calycis  laciniis  foliaceis, 
coroUam  fere  jequanti- 
biis  ;  corollse  limbo  sub- 
conniv elite,  plicis  interio- 
j'ibus  brevibiis,  obliquis, 
subdentatis.     E. 


Very  glabrous  ;  leaves 
lanceolate  and  obovate  ; 
segments  of  the  calyx 
leaf  like,  nearly  as  long 
as  the  corolla  ;  corolla 
with  the  border  slightly 
connivent,  the  interior 
segments  short,  oblique ) 
irregularly  toothed. 


'Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  358.     Pur^h,  1.  p.  185  ? 
G.  saponaria,  Walt.  p.  109. 

Perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  simple,  nearly  terete,  glabrous,  one 
foot  high.  Leaves  lanceolate,  very  entire,  nearly  coriaceous,  very 
smooth,  with  the  margins  roughened  ;  lower  leaves  sometrmes,  per- 
haps from  accident,  obovate  obtube.  Flowers  opposite,  sometimes 
■crowded  as  if  verticillate,  on  peduncles  not  one  line  long.  Segments 
6f  the  calyx  linear  lanceolate.  Corolla  nearly  white,  streaked  with 
^een  and  purple.     Seeds  numerous,  ovate. 

'This  plant  is  scarcely  the  G.  ochroleuca  of  Pursh.  Michaux  ap- 
pears to  have  mingled  this  and  the  two  preceding  species  under  his 
G.  saponaria.  To  Dr.  Macbride  I  have  been  much  indebted  for  aid 
iji  removing  the  obscurity  which  hung  over  these  species. 

Grows  in  dry  soils  ;  not  very  common. 
Flowers  September — October.  Sampson''s  snake  root. 

Gentiana  ochroleuca  and  Catesbei  These  plants  are  indiscrimi- 
nately called  *'' Sampson^s  Snake-root^  They  are  both  of  them  ex- 
cellent bitter  tonics,  but  the  G.  Catesbei  seems  to  be  more  particular- 
ly entitled  to  notice.  The  other  is  apt  to  nauseate.  In  the  form  of 
decoction,  the  G.  Catesbei  is  used  with  decided  advantage  in  cases  of 
pneumonia  where  the  fever  is  nervous.  It  acts  as  a  tonic  and  sudo- 
rific. In  tincture  it  is  deservedly  esteemed  as  a  remedy  for  dyspepsia. 
For  this  purpose  the  saturated  spirituous  tincture  is  given,  in  doses  of 
i  or  i  of  an  ounce,  half  an  hour  before  dinner.  The  quantity  is  grad- 
ually increased.  The  immediate  effect  is  a  general  and  pleasurable 
glovr  of  the  skin,  and  increase  of  appetite.  It  prevents  the  acidifica- 
tion of  the  food,  and  enables  the  stomach  to  bear  and  digest  articles 
of  diet  which  before  produced  oppression  and  dejection  of  spirits! 
The  rgot  is  the  only  part  ^ged;'• 


PENTANDHIA  DItiYNlA. 


nn 


Stem  simple,  slender, 
1  flowered;  leaves  linear, 
wedge  sliaped  ;  corolla 
funnel  shaped,  with  the 
alternate  segments  lacc- 


4.  ANCrSTIFOLrA. 

0.  caiilc  simplici,  •ura- 
cil), unitloro  ;  Ibliis  cunc- 
ato-hneaiil)U5  ;  corolla 
iidiindibuliformi,  laciniis 
alternis  laceris.     K. 

latc. 

Mich.  I.  p.  177.      Pursh,  1.  p.  18C.. 
G.  purpurea,  Walt.  p.  109. 

Perennial.  Stem  \'Z — 18  inclics  hiu;h,  glabrous.  Leaver  I — 2  inches 
lonu;,  the  upper  pairs  remote,  very  narrow  ;  tlie  lower  cuneate  :  all 
plabrou<<,  and,  as  in  the  other  species,  connate.  Flower  terminal. 
Corolla  larj;e  ;  the  large  se2;mcnts  (tvate,  mucronate,  expanding,  tho 
intermediate  ones  much  shorter,  lacerate,  bright  a/.ure,  tinned  with 
purple. 

The  flower  of  this  plant  possesses  singular  beauty;  it  in  scarcely 
possible  to  conceive  a  colour  more  bright  and  clear  than  it  commonly 
exhibits. 

Grows  in  wet  pine  barrens. 

Flowers  October — November. 

5.  Crinita. 

G.  corollis  quadritidis,  |       Corolla    4    cleft,    seg- 

laciniis  liml)riatis  ;    foliis  |  menls  liml)nate  ;  leaves 

lanceolatis,  acutis  ;  caule  |  lanceolate,   acute ;    stem 

erecto,  tereti.     Sp.  pi.  i.  |  erect,  terete. 
p.  1352.                              I 

Pursh,  1.  p.  185. 

Stem  I — 2  feet  high,  glabrous,  terete  below,  4  angled  towards  tlie 
summit.  Leaves  sessile,  with  the  margins  and  midrib  scabrous. 
Flowers  solitary,  axillary  and  terminal,  on  peduncles  I — 2  inclies 
long.     Corolla  pale  blue,  with  the  margins  fringed. 

Grows  in  vallies  among  the  mountains. 

Ftowers  October — November. 


0.  Qlinqueflor A, 
G.  corollis  quinquefi- 
dis,  tubuloso-camparuila- 
tis,  terniinalibus,,6uhqiii 
nis  ;  caule  ramosissimo, 
alato  ;  foliis  amplexicaul- 
ibus.     Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  (330. 

G.  aniarclloidcs  .^  Mich.  I.  p.  I7j 


Corolla  5  cleft,  tubular 
camj)anulate,  terminal, 
generally  by  fives  ;  stem 
inucli  branched,  winged ; 
leaves  amplexicaidc. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  18^ 


342 


PENTANDRIA   BIGYNIA. 


Perennial.  Stevi  erect,  1 — 2  feet  high,  branching,  4  angled,  slight- 
ly winged,  glabrous.  Leaves  ovate  lanceolate,  sessile,  half  embracing 
the  stem,  acute,  glabrous.     Flowers  generally  terminal,  pedicellate, 

3 5  on  the  summit  of  tlie  branches.     Corolla  nearly  tubular,  smaller 

than  usual  in  this  genus;  border  5  cleft ;  the  segments  undulate? 
simple,  mucronate. 

Found  among  the  mountains  of  Carolina,  by  Dr.  Macbridc. 

Flowers 


7.  Acuta.     Mich. 

G.  caule  4.gono  ;  foliis 
subamplexicaulibiis,  ob- 
longis,  acutissimis  ;  flori- 
bus  fasciculatis,  terriiinali- 
bus  lateralibusque  ;  co- 
rollse  fauce  ciliata.  Mich. 
1.  p.  177.  i 

Pursh,  1.  p.  180. 

Stpm  and  leaves  erect.  Flowers  small,  of  a  greenish  yellow  hue  ,; 
the  flower-bearing  branches  very  short;  and  the  segments  of  the  co^ 
roUa  linear  lanceolate.     Mich. 

Grows  on  the  highest  mountains  of  Carolina.     Mich. 

Flowers 


Stem  4  angled  ;  leaves 
somewhat  amplexicaule, 
oblong,  very  acute ;  flow- 
ers in  clusters,  terniinal 
and  lateral :  throat  of  the 
corolla  ciliate. 


ERYNGIUM.     Cen.  pl. 


Flores  capitati.  In- 
volucrum  polypbylluni. 
Calyx  proprius  5-phyllus, 
superus.  Corolla  5-peta- 
la.  Receptacidum  palea- 
ceum.  Fructus  corona, 
tus,  i3-partibihs.     Pers. 

1,    AqUATICUM. 

E.  foliis  gladiatis,  cilia- 
to-spiiiosis ;  floralibus  in- 
divisis,  brevissimis.  La 
Marck. 

Sp.  pl.  1.  p.  1357.      Pursh,  1.  p 
E.  yuccifolium,  Mich,  1.  p.  16-t 


Flowers  capitate,  tn- 
volucnim  many  leaved. 
Proper  calyx  5  leaved, 
superior.  Corolla  5  petal- 
led.  Receptacle  chatfy. 
Fruit  crownedj  divisible 


into  2  parts. 

Leaves  gladiate,  fiing- 
ed  with  soft  spines ;  floral 
leaves  undivided,  very 
short. 

189. 


rENTANDIUA  DIGYNIA. 


S43 


Ttoot  tuhorous.  pricmorse.  Stem  r> — 4  Icet  hii^li,  glabrous,  hollow 
in  llu*  cfntro,  small.  Leaves  1'3-  18  inches  lonjj,  I  —  1 1  wide,  suIju- 
lafo,  arnte,  coiic.ivo,  not  cliannellod,  honlored  witli  lonij  cilia  which 
rcM'Mible  spini's  ;  sltMU  leaves  sessile,  not  diminished  at  base,  em- 
biaciiiu;  the  stem.  Invnhicrum  nuiny  leaved,  fieciuentlv  not  lon;;er 
than  the  head  :  leaves  rii;id,  ovate,  acuminate,  nuicronate,  sometimes 
toothed.  Hvads  longer  tiian  in  the  preceding  species.  Corolla  white, 
chafly,  tfenerallv  undivided. 

Grows  in  ilat,  damp,  poor  soils. 

Flowers  June — July,  Butlnn  SnaLe-root. 

The  root  of  this  plant  is  of  a  pungent  bitter  and  aromatic  taste. 
AVIien  chrwed  it  very  sensibly  excites  a  flow  of  saliva.  A  decoction 
of  tlie  loot  is  diaphoretic  and  expectorant,  and  sometimes  proves 
emetic.  It  i-*  preferred  by  some  pliysicians  to  the  seneka  snake-root, 
which  it  much  resembles  in  its  etVects. 

2.  ViHGiNiANi'M.     Pcrsoon. 


Leaves  long  lanceo- 
late,  serrate  ;  iiivolucruni 
much  longer  than  the 
heads  ;  chuil'  3  cuspidate. 


E.  Ibliis  longo-lanceo- 
latis,  serratis  ;  involucro 
ca|)itulis  multo  longiore  ; 
palcis  tricuspidalis.     E. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  189. 

K.  aqiiaticum,  M'ch.  1.  p.  1G3. 

Hunt  tuberous,  privmorse.  Stem  herbaceous,  4— G  feet  high,  much 
divided  near  the  summit,  glabrous,  Imllow,  tliickened  at  the  joints. 
Leaves  G — 3  inches  long,  strictly  lanceolate,  acutely  serrulate,  some- 
times dentate,  tapering  at  each  extremity  but  dilated  at  the  very 
base;  the  midrib  very  prominent;  the  narrow  base  of  the  leaf  3 — ^4 
inclies  long.  Ueadswry  numerous,  forming  terminal  corymbs,  some 
nearly  sessile.  Involucrum  3  times  as  long  as  the  lieads,  subulate, 
laciniatc,  wilii  a  while  tint  on  the  under  surface.  Corolla  nearly 
white.  • 

Grows  in  fresh  marshes,  and  in  inundated  soils.  Along  the  mar- 
gin of  Savannah  river  opposite  the  city  of  JJavannah  very  common. 

Flowers  June. 


3.    O 


VAMFOl.lUM. 


Midi. 


E.  fohis  spatliuhito- 
ovatis,  inciso-dentatis ;  ca- 
j)itulis  invohicro  hrevio- 
rihus  ;  paleis  fequahter 
tncuspi(hilis.     E. 

Mich.  I.  p.  1C3. 
E.  virgatum,   Pursh,  1.  p.  189. 
Perennial.     Stem  2—4   feet  high,   erect  and  decumbent,  glabrous, 
hollow.     Leaves  alternate,  acutely  notched  or  toothed,  with  the  mar- 


Leavcs  spathulate  o- 
vate,  deeply  toothed  ; 
heads  shorter  tlian  the 
invohicruni  :  cliaff  equal- 
ly 3  cuspidate.     E. 


3441 


TENTANDRIA    DIGVNIA. 


gins  cartilaginous,  sometimes  slightly  cordate,  the  base'^sucldeiily 
narrowed,  embracino;  the  stem.  Tlie  stem  dichotomous  near  the  sum- 
mit with  a  head  of  flowers  in  each  division,  all  on  pedicels  1 — 3  inches 
long.  Jnvolucrum  8  leaved,  a  little  longer  than  the  head  ;  leaves  li- 
near lanceolate,  with  2  or  4  rigid  teeth.  Calyx  5  leaved,  persistent ; 
leaves  ovate,  acute,  mucronate*  green,  white  or  pale  blue  at  base. 
Petals  linear  lanceolate,  white  or  pale  blue,  contracted  at  the  middle 
and  bent  to  the  germ.  Filaments  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx,  inserted 
between  the  petals.  Anthers  incumbent.  Styles  filiform,  expanding. 
8ti°:mas  obtuse.     Seeds  2,  united,  angular. 

Grows  in  the  damp  pine  barrens,  in  the  middle  country.. 

Flowers  July — September. 


Radical  leaves  lanceo- 
late, serrate,  floral  leaves 
many  cleft ;  stem  dicho-^ 
tomous^ 


4.    FoSTIDUM. 

E.  foliis  radicalibus  lan- 
ceolatis,  serratis,  florali- 
bus  multifidis ;  caiile  dicli- 
otomo.    Sp.pl.  1. p.  1356. 

Mich.  1.  p.  163.     Pursh,  1.  p.  189. 

Stem  herbaceous,  1  foot  high, "Slightly  angled,  divided  near  the  sum- 
mit ;  the  small  branches  flexuous.  Root  leaves  obtuse,  with  weak, 
spinelike  serratures  ;  leaves  at  the  forks  of  the  stem  opposite,  am- 
plexicaule,  wedge  shaped,  dentate,  3  cleft  to  the  middle.  Involucrnm 
6  leaved,  longer  than  the  head  ;  leaves  rigid,  furnished  with  1  or  2 
teeth;  chaft' linear,  acute.    Linn. 

This  species  is  a  native  of  the  West-Indies,  and  though  given  to 
us  by  all  writers,  is  at  least  one  of  our  doubtful  species.  Michaux 
found  it  in  Florida. 


5.  Aromatictjm.     Baldwin. 


Stem  leafy ;  leaves  cus- 
pidate, pinnate,  3  cleft  at 
the  summit,  carlilaginous 
along  the  margins  ;  invo- 
lucrum  5  leaved,  leaves 
3  cleft ;  chaff  3  pointed. 

Root  perennial,  consisting  of  large  woody  fibres,  very  aromatic. 
Stems  9—10  inches  high,  many  from  each  root,  often  dichotomous 
near  the  base.  Leaves  bristly,  pinnate,  crowded  on  the  stem,  and  re- 
markable for  their  silvery  cartilaginous  margin.  Heads  numerous, 
on  long  divaricate  peduncles,  forming  a  kind  of  corymb,  Involucrum 
the  length  of  the  head.     Bald. 

Grows  in  dry  pine  barrens  ;  Florida. 

Flowers  Augusts-November. 


E.  caule  folioso  ;  foliis 
cuspidatis,  pinnatis,  apice 
tiifidis,  marginibus  carti- 
lagineis  ;  involucro  pen- 
taphyllo,  foliolis  trifidis  j 
paleis  tricuspidatis.     B. 


PENTANDRIA   DIGYNlAk 


^3 


0.  Gracile.     Baldwin. 

E  tbliis  [)cliolali.s,()val. 
ihus.  inte2;ris  ;  caulc  la- 
niosissimo,  tcnui ;  capi- 
tulis  numcrosis,  minimis ; 
involucris  dipliyllis,  triti- 
ilis  liiicaribus.     13. 


Leaves  pctiolatc,  oval, 
entire  ;  stem  branching, 
slender  ;  Iieads  nihue- 
rous,  very  small ;  invo. 
lucrum  2  leaved,  3  cleft, 
linear. 


Rnot  fibrous,  annual.  Stem  generally  prostrate.  Leaves  variable^ 
oval,  ovafp,  sojucinies  3  lobccl  and  denticulate.  Tlic  divisions  of  the 
invutuerums  also  vary  in  form  and  number,  linear,  or  linear  lanceor 
late,  2 — 3  parted  ;  the  base  of  the  segments  sometimes  furnished  with 
1  or  '2  t«eth.     K 

Grow  s  in  the  low  pine  barrens  near  St.  Mary's.  Very  common 
aloni;  tiip  sea  coast  to  the  south  of  Augustine. 

Flowers  June — July, 

I  have  an  Eryn:;ium  sent  from  T^ouisville,  Georgia,  by  "Mr.  Jack*' 
son,  every  way  larger  than  the  preceding,  yet  resembling  it  too  mucU 
to  be  separated  withont  further  examination.  Involucrum  twice  af9 
long  as  the  head.  G  leaved,  or  with  2  leave*  so  deeply  3  cleft  as  to 
appear  G  leaved,  2  small  teeth  near  the  base  of  each  leaf,  and  some- 
times 2  smaller  near  the  summit.  Corolla  wl'.ite  ;  sometimes  involu- 
crum, chaff,  and  corolla  bright  azure.  The  E.  integrifolium  of  Wal- 
ter appears  to  be  allied  to  these  plants. 


HYDUOCOTYLE.  Gen.  t>L.  457. 


Uinbclla  simplex,  invo- 
lucro  4  phyllo.  Petala 
inte2;ra.  Seinimi  semi-or- 
hiculato-compres.>5a. 

1.   Interrupt  A.     Muh 
H.    foliis    orbiculatis, 
peltatis,  duplicato-crena- 
tis  :    spicis   sul)ramosis  ; 


Umhel  simple,  with  the 
involucrum -4 leaved.  Pe- 
tals entire.  Seed  com- 
pressed, semicircular. 

Cat. 

Leaves  orbicular,  peltate, 
doubly  crenate  ;  spike 
sometimes  divided ;  flow- 
ers verticil!  ate. 


iloribus  verticillatis.     E. 

H.  vulgaris,  Mich.  1.  p.  161.    Pursh,  1.  p.  190. 

Perennial,  creeping.  Stems  terete,  glabrous,  branching.  Leaws 
alternate,  strictly  peltate,  glabrous,  slightly  crenate,  petitdes  1 — 3 
inches  long.  Spikes  axillary  and  opposite  the  leaves.  Fluwera  in 
spikes,  sessile,  forming  whorls  2 — 3  lines  a  part.  Calyx  a  mere  ele- 
vated line  or  margin  around  t!ie  summit  of  the  germ.  jOoroUn  5  ptf- 
talled,  nearly  white,    i'efn/i  lanceolate.     i'J7flme^?^s  shorter  than  .the 

T  S 


.34^ 


PENTANDRIA   DIGYNTA, 


petals,  inserted  between  them.  Anthers  incumbent,  2  celled.  Gerni. 
inferior,  orbicular,  compressed.  Styles  somewhat  remote,  as  long  as 
tlie  stamens.     Stigmns  obtuse.     Seeds  with  2  slight  furrows. 

Grows  in  wet  soils.     Common  on  Port  lloyal  Island, 

Flowers  through  the  whole  summer. 


Leaves  peltate,  crenate, 
emarginat  ">  at  base  ;  um- 
l)els  many  flowered,  on 
long  peduncles. 


2.  Umbellata. 

H.  foliis  peltatis,  cre- 
natis,  basi  emarginatis ; 
umbellis  mullifloi  is,  longe 
pedunculatis.     E. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1361.     Walt.  p.  112.     Pursh,  1.  p.  190. 
H.  umbellulata,  Mich.  1.  p.  161. 

Perennial,  creeping.  Stem  glabrous,  branching.  Leaves  glabrous, 
slightly  lobed,  and  emarginate.  Ccommon  peduncles  longer  than  the 
petioles;  pedicels  nearly  half  an  inch  long.  The  involucrum  in  our 
species  is  merely  a  small  leaf  or  scale  at  the  base  of  cacli  pedicel. 
Calyx  slightly  toothed.     Corolla  white. 

Grows  in  bogs 

^flowers  through  the  whole  summer. 


g.  Americana. 

H.  foliis  reniformibus, 
subseptem-lobatis,  crena- 
tis  ;  umbellis  paucifloris, 
sessilibus.     La  Marck. 


Leaves  reniform,  slight- 
ly 7  lobed,  crenate  ;  urn- 
Ix^ls  few  flowered,  ses- 
sile. 


Sp.pl.  1.  p.  1361.    Walt.  p.  113  ?  Mich.  1.  p.  162.    Pursh,  1.  p.  1 90. 

Creeping,  perennial,  glabrous.  Leaves  nearly  ciicular,  split  at 
base  to  the  insertion  ot  the  petiole,  slightly  7  lobed,  lobes  crenate, 
of  a  more  delicate  texture  than  our  other  species.  Umbels  axillary, 
sessile. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina.     Mich. — Pursh. 

My  specimens  are  from  Pennsylvania.  The  next  species  is  proba- 
bly the  H.  Americana  of  Walter. 


4.  Cymbalarifolia.     Muhl.  Cat. 


H.  foliis  reniformibus, 
tri-lobatis,  lobo  interme- 
dio  minore  ;  umbellis 
paucifloris,  pedunculatis ; 
ioribus  sessilibus.    £, 


Leaves  reniform,  3  lob- 
ed, tbe  intermediate  one 
smaller;  umbels fewflow- 
ered,  on  peduncles  j  flow- 
ers sessile. 


FENTANDllIA   DIGVNlA. 


04r 


€roppiui;,  perennial,  !:;I;il)rous.  L^-niv;  nearly  circular,  rather  deep- 
!v  3  lubed,  crenate,  the  under  surlaro  sliirhtly  glaucous  ;  the  lateral 
lobes  soineti  les  nntcluMl  in  the  middle  as  if  disposed  to  divide  aiid 
form  a  5  lobed  leaf.  Tlie  common  /W«/i</r<  about  an  inch  long,  the 
podirels  not  a  line.      Cn-.bfls  7 — 10  flowered. 

From  tlie  preceilin^  species  it  diflers  in  having  the  leaves  much 
stnallcr,  more  coriaceous  in  their  texture,  more  distinctly  lolwd,  and 
the  iiinbets  peduticulate. 

Grows  aro'ind  pomls  :  near  Beaufort,  common* 

Flowers  Jul\ — Auj^ust. 


."5.   Ri:p\ni)A.      Pcrs. 

II.  foliis  mtU!ulat()-cor- 
datis,  suhrcpaiwrH ;  pctio- 
lis  nervisque  pilosis  ;  cap. 
itiilo  i)C(Uinculato,  tiiHo- 
10.     Pcrs. 


Leaves  cordate,  round- 
ed, somewhat  repaiid  ; 
pcti  Icsand  nerves  hairy; 
heads  3  llowcred,  pediui- 
cuhite. 


Pursh,  1.  p.  190. 
11.  reniformis,  Walt.  p.  113. 
H.  Gcaroides,  Mich.  1.  p.  iGl. 
Perennial,  crecpins;.     Leaves  cordate,  rounded  at  the  suuimit  an3 
auricles,  sli:;htly   repand  ;    pubescent  al)i>\«'.  Iiairy  on  the  under  sur- 
face, un  lon^  petioles.      Peduncles   short,  terete,  hairy,  commonly  S 
ilowcied.      /'lowers  sessile,  apprcssed  :    marjy  peduncles  from  each 
joint.     Corol'a  a  dirty  white,  with  a  reddish  marjiin.     Jnthers  blacL 
The  II.  cordara  of  "WaUfr,  wiih  entire  leaves,  I  liavc  never  seen. 
Grows  ill  damp  soils,  but  found  in  drier  places  than  any  other 
species. 

Flowers  through  the  summer. 


Very  glabrous  ;  leaves 
tliick,  linear.  wedij;c  shap- 
ed, transversely  lined  ; 
umbels  pedunculate. 


0.  LiNEATA.     Mich. 

H.  p;laberrima  ;  lohis 
crassiuscuhs,  lineari-cu- 
neatis,  transversim  liiiea- 
tis  ;  iimbellis  i)ediincula- 
tis.     Mich.  1.  p.  1 0:2.        I 

Pursh,  1.  p.  190. 

Perennial,  creeping.  Joint*?  of  the  ftem  r.earer  than  in  the  other 
species.  leaves  a.hout  1}  inch  long,  obtuse,  linear,  tapeiing  to  tlt« 
base,  crossed  by  !>  or  6  lines  as  if  j«)inted.  Uwffrls  axillary,  8 — 10 
flowerefl  ;  peduncles  longer  than  the  leaves;  pedicels  short.  In  my 
specimen  the  fruit  appears  to  be  distinctly  4  angled,  not  compressea. 

Found  near  .Si.  Alary 's,  by  Dr.  Haldwin.  Grywtk  in  inuudittofl 
places  in  the  low  country  of  Carolina.     MLclv. 

Flower*  April — May.     Mich. 


34f8 


PKNTANDRIA   DlGtNIA. 


SANICtJLA.     Gen.  pl.  458. 


Unibellcc  confertse,  sub- 
capitatse.  Fructus  acu- 
Jeatus.  Flores  disci  abor- 
tientes. 

1.  Marilandica. 

S.  foliis  digitalis,  foliolis 
oblongis,  ineisis ;  floribus 
fertilibus  sessilibus,  sub- 
ternis,  sterilibiis  pedicel- 
latis,  nimierosis.  Pursh, 
l.p.  191. 

Sp,  pl.  1.  p.  1367.     Walt.  p. 

Perennial.  Stem  herbaceous, 
glabrous.  Leaves  alternate,  on  long  footstalks,  3  parted  to  the  base ; 
the  lateral  lobes  more  slightly  2  parted  ;  all  of  the  lobes  notched, 
toothed,  glabrous.  Floicers  in  umbols  somewhat  capitate,  compound- 
ly  dichotomous,  with  a  simple  ray  in  each  division.  Universal  invo- 
lucrum  2  leaved,  many  parted;  partial  many  leaved  (8 — 10),  small. 
Calyx  5  jointed,  persistent.  Corolla  5  petalled  ;  petals  linear,  ob- 
twse,  furrowed,  white,  inflected  to  the  base,  inserted  on  the  summit 
of  the  germ.  Filaments  as  long  as  the  petals,  inserted  between  them. 
Germ  inferior,  muricate.  Styles  2,  short,  reflected.  Stigmas  simple, 
obtuse.  Fruit  oval,  divisible  in  2.  Seed  fiat  on  one  side,  on  the 
other  roughened  with  4  double  rows  of  hooked  bristles. 

Grows  in  dry,  shaded  soils  ;  common. 

FU^wers  May — August. 


Umbels  crowded,  some*' 
what  capitate.  Fimit  a- 
culeate.  Flowers  of  the- 
disk  abortive. 

Leaves  digitate,  leaf- 
lets oblong,  incised  ;  fer- 
tile flowers  sessile,  gene- 
rally by  threes ;  sterile,  on 
footstalks,  numerous. 

113.    Mich.  1.  p,  162. 

erect,  2 — 3  feet  high,  terete,  very 


DAUCUS.     Gen.  pl.  466. 


Corollce  subradiatre. 
Flosculi  disci  abortivi. 
Fructus  pilis  hispidus. 

1.  Carota. 

D.  seminibus  hispidis  ,* 
petiolis  subtus  nervosis  ; 
foliorum  laciniis  angusto- 
lineaiibus,  acutis.  La 
Marck. 

Sp.  pl.  1.  p.  13«9. 


Corolla  somewhat  rad- 
iate. F/ow^?'5ofthedisk 
abortive.     Fmit  hispid. 

Seed  hispid  ;  petioles 
nerved  on  the  under  side ; 
segments  of  the  leaf  nar^ 
row,  linear,  acute. 


Walt,  p.  113i    Pureh>  1.  p.  191. 


rENTANDRlA    PFGYNJA. 


343 


This  Talur\l)l(*  and  \\■^'\\  known  vp^ctablo,  a  native  of  the  <lry  plains 
ol  Kniop*,  is  h«»coniin;;  cnnipletciv  n;ifiirali/.<Ml  in  this  coiindy  I 
have  found  it  growin;;  in  the  nine  barirns  of  Kflitinliam  and  Screven 
co'inties,  Georijia  :  and  Dr.  Niacbridc  informs  me  he  has  seen  it  in 
similar  situations  in  St   Johns. 

Flowers  .April — May.  Carrot. 


2.  PiisrLLus.     Midi. 

D.  rctrorsiim-liispitlus ; 
fuliolis  laciniis  minimis, 
lineari-lancrolatis  ;  imi- 
bellis  parvis  ;  seminil)us 
8-iariam  cristato-muiica- 
tis. 


Uetrorscly  lii^jnd  ;  leaf- 
lets with  tlic  sci^mciils 
very  small,  linear  lancccv 
late ;  umbels  small :  seeds 
mmicatc  witli  8-crested 
libs. 


Mich.  1.  p.  IG4.      Pursh,  1.  p.  192. 

Stem  )'2 — 18  inches.  />frtD«  very  much  dissected  ;  the  segments 
minute.  .SVcf/s  larcje  for  the  si/.e  of  the  plant,  with  8-crested  ribs  j 
the  segments  acute  and  doubly  barbed  at  the  summit. 

Grows  in  dry  soils.  St.  John's  ;  iJr.  Macbridc.  Savannah ;  Dr. 
Paldwin. 

flowers 


AMMI.     Gen.  tl.  407. 


Involucra  pinnatifida. 
Corolhc  radiatit',  omncs 
hermaphroditic.  Frudus 
laivi*. 

1.  Capillaceum. 

A.  foliis  omnibus  capil- 
laceo-multifidis  ;  semini- 
biis  glabris,sulcatis ;  caule 
ramo- 


Involncrums  pinnatifid. 
Floxvcrs  radiate,  all  fer- 
tile.   Fruit  smooth. 


ab  imo  divaricato, 
so.     E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  1G4.     Pursl) 


All  the  leaves  capilla- 
ry,  many  cleft ;  seeds  p;la- 
brous,  furrowed  ;  stem 
from  tbe  l)ase  branching, 
l)rancbcs  expanded. 

.  l.p.  192. 
A.  majufl,  ^Valt.  p.  113. 

Annual.  Stern,  t — 2  feet  high,  slightly  angled  and  furrowed,  gei>- 
iculate,  glabrous.  Leaves  alternate,  compoundly  many  parted  :  leaf' 
let>  5 — 4  parted  at  base,  many  parted  at  tlu*  sumnnt;  segments  all 
linear.  glal)rous.  Universal  involucrum  many  leaved  (H),  shorter 
than  the  rap  of  the  umbels :  leaves  pinnatifid  ;  [-aitial  involucm-m 


35^ 


PENtANDRIA   DIGYNIA, 


many  leaved,  linear,  unequal.  Calyx  Very  small,  5  toothed.  Petals 
ovate,  acute,  white,  witli  the  point  incurved.  Filc^ments  as  long  a^ 
the  petals.  Jinthers  erect,  purple.  Germ  inferior,  ovate,  furrowed. 
Sti/les  short,  thickened  at  base  by  a  gland.  Seeds  flat  on  one  side, 
tvitli  4  furrows  on  the  convex  side. 

Grows  every  where  in  wet  and  boggy  soils. 

Flowers  May — June. 


S.  COSTATUM.       E. 

A.  majusculiim;  caule 
inferne  simplici ;  foliis  ca- 
pillaceo-miiltipartitis,  la- 
ciniis  subverticiliatis ;  se- 
minibus  costatis.     E. 


Plant  large  ;  stem  sim- 
ple below ;  leaves  capil- 
lary, many  parted,  seg- 
ments commonly  verticil- 
late  ,•  seeds  ribbed. 


Annual  ?  Stem  4 — 5  feet  high,  branching  towards  the  sumn\it, 
slightly  angled,  glabrous.  Leaves  very  compound  ;  each  leaflet  many 
parted  to  the  base,  as  if  verticillate.  Umbels  termittal,  large.  Uni- 
versal involucrum  many  leaved  (10 — 12),  about  half  as  long  as  the 
Umbel,  many  parted  ;  partial  involucrum  many  leaved,  leaves  as  long 
as  the  pedicels,  with  a  few  segments.  Petals  acuminate.  Jinthers 
rose  coloured      Seeds  glabrous,  with  5  elevated  ribs. 

I  have  found  it  difficult  to  mark  the  limits  between  this  and  the 
preceding  species,  difference  in  size  forming  the  most  obvious  distinc- 
tion. This  variation,  however,  does  not  arise  from  soil,  for  both  grow  in 
river  swamps.  The  A.  capillaceum  is  a  vernal  plant,  spreading  and 
rarely  growing  2  feet  high;  this,  an  autumnal  plant,  erect  and  tall. 
In  this  the  leaves  are  larger  and  more  divided,  the  calyx  and  corolla 
larger,  with  the  petals  acuminate,  and  the  seed,  which  in  the  former 
species  are  slightly  furrowed,  in  this  are  2  or  3  times  as  large,  and 
so  deeply  furrowed  as  to  be  ribbed  and  almost  winged. 

Grows  in  the  swamps  along  the  margin  of  the  Ogeechee  river. 
Mount  Prosper. 

Flowers  October — November. 


SELINUM.     Gen.  pl. 


Fructus  ovali-oblongiis, 
compresso-planus,in  me- 
dio striatus.  Iiwducrum 
reflexum.  Petala  corda- 
ta,  seqiialia,  Calyj:  in- 
teger. 


Fruit  oval  oblong,  com- 
pressed, flat,  striate  in  the 
middle.  Involucrum  re- 
flected. Petals  GordatCj 
equal.     Calyx  entire. 


PENTANDRIA   DIOYNIA* 


35i 


Very  s:1;il)rons,  lucid  ; 
leaves  bipimiate,  Icatlets 
many  ])arte(l,  the  ses;- 
nieiits  lanccoJate  ;  fruit 
oval. 


i.  CANAnr.NSE. 

S.  irlaheniiniini,  liici- 
(luin  ;  foliis  hipiiiiiali^,  fo- 
liolis  iniiltipartitis.  laciriiis 
lanceolilis  ;  fmclil)iis  o- 
valil)iis.    Mich.  i.  p.  165. 

Purslu  1.  p.  192. 

Apiuin  bipinnatuin,  Walt.  p.  115  r 

Grows  near  the  mouths  of  large  rivers,  from  Canada  to  CaroUntw' 
Pui>h.      I'lowprs  white. 
Flowers  July — 

t 

FERULA.     Gex.  pl.  475. 


Invohicruni  universale 
caducmn ;  partiale  poly- 
I)liyllum.  Fvuclus  ovalis, 
comprcsso-planus,  stiiis 
utriiique  3. 

1.    Vl  LI-OS  A. 

F.  foliis  supradccom- 
posito-iernatis  ;  foliolis 
ovalis,  scrralis,  rigidis, 
venosis ;  caulc,  peduncii- 
lis  umhellisqiic  villosis. 
Tursh,  1.  p.  11)2. 


Universal  involucnini 
caducous ;  partial  many 
leaved.  Fruit  oval,  com- 
piessed,  flat,  with  three 
btreaks  on  each  side. 

Leaves  supradecom- 
pound,  the  divisions  tri- 
iohate  ;  leaflets  ovate, 
serrate, rigid,  veiny;  stem, 
peduncles  and  umbels  vil- 
lous. 


I  have  inserted  this  plant  from  Pursh,  without  any  knowlcd;;e  of  it. 
lie  refers  to  it  the  K.  villosa,  Walt,  and  the  Cicuta  venenata, 
Amcr.  Phil.  Trans.  The  K.  viilosa  of  Walter  1  strongly  suspect  to 
be  tl»e  Angelica  triquinata  of  tliis  work.  The  Cicutii  venenata  <»r 
Greenway  is  a  very  di>tinct  plant,  entirely  glabrous,  perhaps  n-allv  a 
Cicuta,  certainly  not  a  Ferula.  iSo  many  of  Walter's  plants,  how- 
ever, wliich  were  once  considered  doubttui,  have  been  from  time  to 
time  discovered,  that  this  at  lea^it  merits  a  furtiier  cn(|uiry. 


LIGUSTICUM.      Gen.  pl.  478. 


Fructu^    ohloniius,    5- 
sulcatus   utrinque.      Co- 


Fruit  ohlong,  5  furrow- 
ed on  both  bides.     CoroU 


352 


PENTANDklA  DIGYNIA. 


rollcE  sequales  ;  pelalis 
involutis,  integris. 

1.  Barbinode. 

L?  caule  Isevi;  nodis 
barbatis  ;  foliis  biternatis 
(plerisque)  ;  IVuctibus  o- 
valibus.  rnargine  utiinque 
subdipteris.  Pers.  l.  p. 
315. 

Mich.  l.p.  167.       Pursli^  1.  p."  193. 
Smyrnium  barbinode  ?  Muhl.  Cat. 

This  plant  is  inserted  in  order  to  excite  investigation.  Michaui 
was  uncertain  where  it  should  be  placed.  If  the  quotation  from 
Dr.  Muhlenberg  applies,  as  I  suspect  it  does,  to  this  plant,  that  excel- 
lent  botanist  had,  no  doubt,  an  opportunity  of  determining  the  geuus. 

Grows  in  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina.     Mich. 

Flowers 


la  equal,  the  petals  invo- 
lute, entire. 

Stem  smooth  ;  joints 
bearded  ;  leaves  general- 
ly biternate ;  fruit  oval, 
with  each  margin  slightly 
2  winged. 


ANGELICA.     Gen.  pl.  479. 


Frudiis  subrotundus, 
solidus,  utrinque  3-alatus, 
stylis  reflexis.  Corollce 
sequales,  petalis  incurvis. 


Fndt  nearly  round,  so- 
lid, 3  winged  on  each 
side,  wiih  the  styles  re- 
flected. Corolla  equal, 
the  petals  incurved. 


Pubescent  ;  leaves  3- 
parted,  the  partitions  gen- 
erally 5  leaved,  leaflets 
sharply  toothed  ;  fruit 
oblong. 


1.  TniquiNATA .?    Mich. 

A }  pubescens  ;  foliis 
tripartitis,  partitionibus 
subquinque-foliatis,  foli- 
olis  acute  dentatis  ;  fruc- 
tu  oblongo.     E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  167     Pursh,  1.  p.  193. 

Stem  about  2  feet  high,  very  pubescent  near  the  summit.  Leaflets 
lanceolate;  the  terminal  leaflets  rhomboid,  sessile,  when  young  pu- 
bescent. Fndt  oblong,  slightly  winged,  when  young  almost  tomen- 
tose. 

This  is  the  A.  hirsuta  of  Muhlenberg,  it  is  however  questionable 
Y/hether  it  is  the  real  A.  triquinata  of  Michaux. 

Grows  in  dry,  sandy  soils,  in  the  middle  country  j  common  be- 
tween Orangeburgh  and  Colunibiji,  South-Carolina. 

Fldwers  July — August. 


rENTANDRiA    DIOYNIA. 


Baa 


Leaflets  equal,    ovate, 
with  deep  serratures. 


Stem  8—5  feet  high.     Lenvee  8U« 


it.    Lucid  A  ? 

A.  foliolis  .Tqualibus,  o- 
vatis,  iiiciso-scrralis,  Sp. 
pi.  I.  p.  1130. 

A.  lobata,  Walt.  1.  p.  115. 

Hunt  |uMcMiiiial,  very  aromutic. 
pradc'coiupuuiid. 

1  have  never  seen  this  plant  in  flower,  and  the  loss  of  mj  Rpecimens, 
prevents  me  from  spcakiiij^-  of  it  with  certainty,  and  porhaps  removing 
some  obscurity  tliat  hangs  over  the  southern  species  ot  this  genus% 
The  A.  inte^rifoiia  of  Walter  is  unknown  to  me,  unless  the  Smyrni- 
urn  integerrimum  was  the  plant  he  described. 

(irows  in  rich  s(»ils,  in  the  upper  country,  d»\scending  as  low  as  Sti 
Johns.  The  roots  are  a  favorite  food  of  ho£s,  who  sometimes  ao»' 
quire  by  thin  diet  a  fragrance  wliich  is  not  tiicir  common  portioiK 

Flowers  Julv — 


SIUM.     Gex.  tl.  480. 


Frudus  subovatus,coni- 
pressiis,  striatus.  luvo. 
lucruvi  polypliyllum.  Pe- 
tula  cordata. 

*  Se minibus  co??ipressis, 
alatis. 

i.  Ihr.inius. 

S.  toliis  piiinatis  ;  folio- 
lis lanceolatis,  subintcger- 
rimis.     Sp.  pi.  i.  1433. 


Fruit  nearly  ovate,  com- 
pressed, striate.  InvolU' 
crum  many  leaved.  Pe* 
tals  cordalc. 

*   Seeds    compressed^ 
ivinged. 

Leaves  pinnate  ;  leaf- 
lets lanceolate,  nearly  er>- 
tire. 


Sison  marginatum  .•*  Mich.  1.  p.  168. 

Stem  rigid.  Leaves  pinnate,  generally  5 — 6  pair  and  an  odd  onej 
leaflets  sessile,  strongly  v«'ined.  conspicuously  bordered  as  with  a 
nerve,  with  1  or  2  small  teeth  towards  the  summit.  Involiicrum  de- 
ciduous. Seeds  flattened,  winged,  and  marked  on  the  back  with  fl 
lines  ;  wings  nearly  as  wide  as  the  seed  itself 

If  this  be  the  i?ison  marginatum  of  Michaux,  as  Dr.  Muhlenberg 
suspected  (and  the  plant  agrees  minutely  with  his  description),  it 
erows  '•  in  the  swamps  of  Carolina."  Mich.  I  have  not  eeen  it  \fi 
tnU  country  j  my  specimens  arc  from  Pennsylvania, 


U» 


da4 


PENTANDRIA   DIGYNIA. 


Leaves  pinnate ;  lower 
leaflets  lanceolate,  upper 
obovate,  3  toothed. 


2.  Tricuspidatum.     E. 

S.  foliis  pinnatis  ;  foli- 
olis  inferioribus  lanceola- 
tis,  superioribus  obovatis, 
tridentatis.     E. 

S.  rigidius,  Walt.  p.  114. 

Stem  2 — 3  feet  high,  terete,  glabrous,  sparingly  branched.  Leave's 
pinnate,  2 — 5  pair,  and  an  odd  one  ;  leaflets  lanceolate,  very  acute, 
sessile,  st)inewliat  rigid,  entire  towards  tne  base,  all  the  upper  leaflets 
cuneate  and  almost  equally  3  toothed.  Involucrum  caducous.  Seeds 
slightly  winged,  with  3  lines  on  the  back. 

This  plant  has  much  affinity  to  the  preceding  species  ;  it  appears 
to  differ  in  the  leaves,  which  are  remarkably  toothed  in  this  species, 
almost  3  cuspidate  ;  and  in  the  seeds,  which  are  more  slightly  winged. 

Grows  in  damp  soils,  but  is  not  confined  to  swamps. 

Flowers  occasionally  through  the  summer. 


3.  Denticulatum.     Bald. 


S.  foliis  impari  pinna- 
tis ;  ibliolis  ovalibus,  den- 
ticulatis,  acutis ;  involu- 
cro  imiversali  diphyllo. 
Bald. 


Leaves  unequally  pin- 
nate; leaflets  ov^ljtoofth- 
ed,  acute  ;  universal  in- 
volucrum 2  leaved. 


Root  perennial.  Stem  3 — 5  feet  high.  Leaves  alternate,  on  long 
petioles,  generally  with  3  pair  of  leaflets  and  an  odd  one.  Leaflets 
variable  in  size  and  form  in  different  plants,  irregularly  toothed,  pale 
green  on  the  upper  surface,  glaucous  on  the  under.  Universal  iyivo- 
lucrum  sometimes  wanting.  Bald.  Dr.  Baldwin  adds  in  a  subse- 
quent note,  that  the  leaves  are  sometimes  by  fours.  Styles  persis- 
tent. 

Grows  in  low,  clayey  soils,  near  the  water  ;  Savannah  j  Jefferson, 
Camden  county,  Georgia. 

Flowers  September — November. 

•1.  Teretifolium.     Muhl.  Cat. 


Leaves  simple,  terete, 
jointed,    acute  5     seeds 


winged. 


S.  foliis  simplicibus, 
teretibus,  articulatis,  acu- 
tis ;  seminibus  alatis.    E. 

Oenanthe  filiformie,  Walt.  p.  113. 
O.  Carolinensis,  Pursh,  1.  p.  194. 

Root  annual  ?  Stem  herbaceous,  3—6  feet  high,  slightly  geniculate,- 
terete,  glabrous,  hollow,  branching  near  the  summit.  Leaves  glabrous, 
streaked,  hollow,  with  many  transversa  m^w^branes  (as  in  Cyperus 


PENTANDRTA    DIGYUIA. 


355 


a'rticulatus),  4 — 8  inches  lonp;,  S — 4  lines  in  diameter  at  the  base. 
Universal  involucrum  many  leaved,  leaves  subulate,  persistent,  near- 
ly an  incli  lunii; ;  partial  invnli<cruin  Hiniilar,  l)Ut  xmaMer.  Flo..ers 
all  sesiile.  Corulta  uliite.  I'etnh  ncuininate,  reflexed.  Filaments 
a6  lonj;  as  tlie  corolla,  re«l  near  the  sinuinit.  „intMers  «rect,  attached 
to  the  siilfs  of  tlje  filaments.  Seed  compressed,  with  3  lines  on  the 
back,  and  \vin^;s  wider  than  the   nucleus. 

'^he^<e  four  plai)ts,  perhaps  with  tlic  Angelica  triquinata,  might 
form  a  f^enns  between  Angelica  and  Sium  ;  >et  tliev  do  nut  altof^etlier 
ai^ree  anion;;  themselves.  Tliis  plant  is  riMnarkable  for  iti>  terete, 
fistulous  leaves,  and  the  attachment  of  its  anthers  ;  and  the  A.  tri- 
quinata is  now  left  with  Angelica  because  its  small  umbels  form  per- 
fect globes,  and  because  its  seed,  though  marked  like  theseeds  of  these 
species  with  ;1  lines  and  a  winged  margin,  has  a  more  solid  nucleus. 

(jrows  acound  pine  barren  ponds,  in  thtt  middle  country.  Salt' 
catcher. 

Flowers  August — September. 


"^^  Seeds  naked. 

Stem  procumbent  -; 
leaves  pinnate,  leaflets 
ovate ;  umbels  axillary, 
sessile. 


**  Semiriihus  niidis. 

5.    NODIFLOUUM. 

S.  caule  procumbente ; 
foliis  pinnalis,  roliolis  ova- 
lis  ;  uml)cllis  axillaribus, 
scssilibus.  Persoon,  i.p. 
3ir.. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1432.     Walt.  p.  115. 

Annual.  Stem  weak,  decumbent,  diffuse,  about  2  feet  long,  jflw* 
brous,  hollow,  siij^htly  angled.  leaves  pinnate,  the  upper  ones  fre- 
quently ternate  ;  leaflets  ovate,  acute,  acutely  dentate,  oblique,  gla- 
brous. Umbels  on  very  short  footstalks,  opposite  the  leaves.  Com- 
mon irti'o/Mcrum  1,  2,  5  leavrd,  sometimes  wanting;  lea\t'S  lanceo- 
late, unequal,  reflected  ;  partial  involucrum  many  leaved  ((i — 8), per- 
sistent. Petals  white,  slightly  acuminate,  expanding.  Filaments 
longer  than  the  petals,  white.  Seeds  very  slightly  margined,  3  rib- 
bed, with  the  ribs  furrowed. 

This  plant  has  probably  been  introduced  from  Europe.  It  grows 
very  abundantly  around  L'liarlcston,  and  even  in  the  street-:,  in  drains 
and  wet  places. 

Flowers  April — June. 


SISOX.     Gen.  pl.  481. 


Frudus  ovatus,striatU5. 
Involucra  sub4-pliylla. 


Fruit  ovate,  strl:ite. 
Inrolucriims  generiUly  4 
leaved. 


3^a 


PENTANDRIA.   DIGYNIA.- 


1.  Tripoliatum. 

S.  foliis  omnibus  Irifo- 
Batis ;  foliolis  dentatis,  in- 
ferioribus  ovalibus ;  ped- 
unculis  geminis ;  fructi- 
bu9  subrotundis.  Mich. 
1.  p.  168. 

Pursh,  1 .  p.  194. 
Lower  leaves  2 — 3  lobed  ;  the  upper,  oval  lanceolate, 
minal,  solitary,  on  long  peduncles,     ^]ich. 
Grows  in  the  upper  districts  of  Caiolina. 
Flowers 


All  the  leaves  trifoliate ; 
leaflets  dentate,  the  lower 
ones  oval ;  peduncles  by 
pairs ;  fruit  nearly  round. 


Umbels  ter- 


Leaves  triternate,  ma- 
ny parted  ;  umbels  few 
flowered  (5—6)  ;  fruit 
muricate. 

194. 
308. 


2.    PUSILLUM. 

S  ?  foliis  triternatis, 
multipartitis  ;  umbellulis 
paucifloris  (5—6) ;  fructi- 
bus  muricatis.     E. 

Mich.  l.p.  1G8.      Pursh,  1.  p. 
Ammi  divaricatum,  Pers.  1.  p. 
Daucus  divaricatus,   Walt.  p.  1 14. 
Ligusticum  pusillum,  Pers.  1   p.  315. 
Annual.     Stem  1 — 1  feet  high,  glabrous,  geniculate,  dichotomous^ 
branches  expanding.     Leaves  alternate,  much  divided  ;  segments  li- 
near, glabrous,  finely  serrulate  near  the  summit.     Universal  and  par- 
tial umbelj  with  5 — 6  unequal  rays,  the  middle  one  frequently  sessile. 
Universal  inro/«<crM?u  0  :  partial  3  leaved;  leaves  small,  lanceolate- 
Fetals  oval,  obtuse,  entire,  flat.     Filaments  half  as  long  as  the  corol-^ 
la.    Fruit  nearly  globose,  compressed,  pointed  with  the  styles.    Seed 
striate,  the  ridges  (5  })  muricate,  with  membranaceous  scales. 

This  little  plant  nas  some  equivocal  characters,  and  has  been  placed 
in  many  different  genera.  It  wants  the  involucrum  of  Daucus  or 
Ammi,  to  which  it  is  allied  in  habit.  I  have  followed  Michaux  with- 
out having  sufficient  knowledge  of  the  genu&  Sion  to  determine  his 
correctness. 

Grows  in  dry,  sandy  pastures. 
Flowers  March — April. 


CICUTA.     Gen.  pl.  486. 

Fructus  subovatus,  sul- 
catus.  Involucrum  uni- 
versale 0  ;  partiale  3--  5 
phyllumv 


Fruit  somewhat  ovate, 
furrowed.  Universal  i/z- 
volucrum  0,  partial  S.-.'i 
leaved^ 


PEJfTANDniA   DfGYNIiV. 


^57' 


Sen-atures  of  tlie  leaves 
niucroriute  ;  petioles 
inenibranaceous  (wing, 
ed),  2  lobed  at  tlie  sum- 
mit. 


4.  Macitlata. 

C.  folioruni  serratiiris 
mucronalis  ;  ])etiolis 
mcmbranaccis,  apice  hi- 
lobis.     Pers.  l.  p.  318. 

Walt.  p.  115.     Piirsli,  1.  p.  195. 

Perennial  ?  Stem  herbaceous,  erect,  terete,  jjlabrous,'  hollow, 
t)ranching,  sli;;htly  geniculate,  streaked  witli  purple,  4 — 7  feet  high. 
Leave*:  compoundly  triternate,  sometimes  quinate  ;  teajlets  ovate  lan- 
ceolate, acuminate,  strongly  serrate,  with  the  serratures  acuminate, 
somewhat  rugose,  slightly  scabrous  on  the  uniler  surface  ;  petioles 
sheathing  the  stem  at  base  with  membranaceous  wings,  2  lobed  or 
parted  at  the  summit,  Umhph  axillary,  or  opposite  the  leaves,  and 
terminal.  I'^niversal  invofucrum  commonly  2  leaved,  leaves  decidu- 
ous, half  as  long  as  tlie  umbel,  frequently.)  parted.  J'artial  jwt-o/m- 
cram  many  leaved  (10)  ;  leaflets  subulate.  Cali/x  5  parted  ;  seg~ 
ments  expanding.  I'etnls  whiti\  with  a  long  inflected  acuminatiom 
Filamenta  longer  than  the  rorolia.     ^intlifrs  wliite. 

Grows  in  wet  and  inundated  land  ;  common. 

Flowers  June — August. 


CILEROPHYLLUM.     Gen.  pl.  490. 


Involucrum  reflexiini, 
concavum.  Petala  iii- 
flcxo-cortlata.  Frudiis 
obiongiis,  Ifevis  aut  stria- 
tus,  glabeniinus. 

1.  Procumbens. 

C.    scininibiis     nitidis, 
Iievibiis  ;  foliis  deconipo- 
sitis  ;'caulc  procuinbcnte.  I  procumbent. 
Pers.  1.  p.  3^0.  I 

Pursh,  1.  p.  195. 

Scandix  procumbens,   Sp.  pl.  1.  p.  1452.  0 

Plant  small,  decumbent,  glaI)rous.  Leaves  alternate,  much  divided, 
the  first  divisions  opposite,  pedicellate,  the  upper  alternate,  pinnati- 
fid  ;  segments  lanceolate,  rather  obtuse,  niucronate,  and  when  young 
slightly  fringed.     Umbels  terminal,  rays  frequently  by  threes.     Tui- 


Involucruvi  reflected, 
concave.  Petals  inflected 
cordate.  Fruit  oblong, 
smooth  or  striate,  very 
glabrous. 

Seeds  sliining,  smooth  ; 
leaves  decompound;  stcn> 


358  PENTANDRIA   DIGYNIA. 

versal  involncrumO  ;  partial  5  leaved, leaves  small,  lanceolate, ciliate. 
Seeds  long,  striate,  pointed  at  the  summit  with  the  persistent  styles, 
when  mature  inflected. 

Found  on  Charleston  neck,  by  Dr.  Trescott. 

Flowers  May — June. 


Leaves  tern  ate  ;  leaf- 
lets ovate  acute,  frequent- 
ly notched. 


S.  Canadense. 

C.  foliis  ternatis  ;  foli- 
olis  ovato-acutis,  subin- 
cisis.    Pers.  i.  p.  8S0. 

Pursh,  l.p.  195. 

Sison  Canadense,   Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1436. 

Mich.  1.  p.  168. 

Stem  erect,  terete,  giabrous,  with  many  branches.  Leaves  ternate  ; 
the  lower  broad  lanceolate,  acute,  doubly  serrate,  with  the  large  ser- 
ratures  mucronate  ;  the  upper  leaflets  narrow,  deeply  cut  (incised.) 
Umbels  long.  Peduncles  generally  by  ttirees.  Universal  info/ucrum 
0  ;  partial  3 — 5  leaved,  leaves  very  small,  subulate.  Some  flowers 
abortive  in  each  umbel.  Seeds  oblong,  striate,  acuminate,  pointed 
with  the  persistent  styles,  when  mature  inflected  (arcuate.) 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina.     Dr.  Macbride. 

Flowers  July.     Pursh. 

3.   Claytoni. 

C.  foliolis  oblongo-o-  I      Leaflets  oblong,  oval, 
valibus,       pinnatifido-lo-  |  lobed  as  if  pinnatifid,  hai- 


ry ;  umbel  with  few  rays, 
divaricate  ;  fruit  long,  te- 


rete, smooth. 


batis,  pilosis  ;  umbella 
pauci-radiata,  divaricata  ; 
fructibus  elongatis,  tere- 
tibus,  Isevigatis.  Pers.  1. 
p.  320. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  195. 

Myrrhis  Claytoni,  Mich.  1.  p.  170. 

Stem  2  feet  high,  erect.  Petioles  3  parted,  the  divisions  3 — 5 
leaved.  Peduncles  by  pairs,  terminal.  Umbels  when  in  fruit  divari- 
cate ;  rays  3-— 5,  very  long. 

In  my  specimens  the  stem  and  rays,  as  well  as  the  leaves,  arc 
tairy,  and  the  seeds  themselves  sprinkled  with  hair. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina.    Dr.  Macbride. 

Flowers  June— July.    Pnrsh. 


PENTAKDRIA  DIGYNlA. 


8d9 


SMYIlNll'M.     Gen.  pl.  495. 


Frudus  sul)comi)i*cssiis, 
gihhosiis,  striatus.  Pdala 
acmniimta,  carinuta. 

1.    CORDATUM.      Walt. 

S.  foliis  radicalilnis  sub- 
orMculato-conlutis,  cre- 
natis,  caulinis  pctiolatis, 
trifolialis,  suprcmis  3- 
paitilis  ;  umbclla  radiis 
brevibus.  Mich.  l.p.  170. 


Fruit  somcwlml  com- 
pressed, gil)l)()us,  striatc- 
Pdals  acuminate,  cari- 
natc. 

Root  leaves  nearly  or- 
bicular, cordate,  crenatc  ; 
st'in  leaves  petiolate, tri- 
foliate ;  upper  leaves  8 
parteil ;  rays  of  the  um- 
bels short. 


Walt.  p.  114.      Pursh,  1,  p.  195. 
Tliapsia  trifoUata,  Sp.  pl.  1.  p.  1465. 

Perennial  .••  Stem  herbaceous,  1 — 2  feet  liisih,  terete,  glabrous. 
Lower  leaves  on  long  footstalks,  cordate,  rounded,  as  they  ascend  be- 
coming 3  lobed,  then  trifoliate  ;  all  glabrous,  crciiate  ;  j)etiole9  eta- 
bracing  the  stem  at  base  ;  upper  leaves  nearly  sessile.  Universal  and 
partial  involucrum  2 — 5  very  small  leaves.  Walt.  Corolla  white, 
sometimes  yel'ow. 

Grows  in  high,  rich  land  ;  in  the  mountains  common.     Mich. 

Flowers  occasionally  tlirough  the  summer;  commonly  April — June^ 


S.    AURECM. 

S.  foliis  bitcrnatis,  lobo 
medio  3 — 5  gono  ;  foho- 
lis  ovali  lanceolatis,  ser- 
rulatis;  uinl)ella  brevi.ra- 
diata.     Mich.  l.  p.  171. 


Leaves  biternate,  with 
the  middle  lobe  .3 — 5  an- 
gled ;  leaflets  oval  lance- 
olate, serrulate  ;  rays  of 
the  uinbcl  short. 


Sp.  pl.  1.  p.  1468.     Walt.  p.  114.     Pursh,  1.  p.  196. 

Root  leaves  commonly  biternate,  with  the  middle  lobe  again  divided 
into  three ;  all  glabrous,  serrate.  Corolla  bright  yellow,  almost  orange 
coloured.     Plant  1 — 2  feet  high. 

Grows  in  rich,  high  lands. 

Flowers  April— June. 


360r 


PBNTANDRIA   TRIGYNIA. 


3,  Atropuhpureum. 

S.  foliis  omnibus  terna- 
tis  ;  foliolis  ovatis,  aciitis, 
serratis.  Parsh,  1 .  p.  1 9  6 . 

Floivers  dark  purple. 

Grows  on  dry  slate  hills,  in  Virginia  and  Carolina. 

Flowers  May — July\ 


La  Maixk. 

Leaves  all  ternate  ^ 
leaflets  ovate,  acute,  ser- 
rate. 


Piirsh. 


4.  Integerrimum. 

5.  foliis  caulinis  dupli 
cato-ternatis ;  foliolis  in 
tegerrimis,  subglaucis. 


Stem  leaves  doubly  ter* 
nate,  very  entire ;  leaflets 
entire,  somewhat  glau- 
cous, 

Sp.  pi.  I.  p.  1468.    Mich.  1.  p.  171.    Pursh,  1.  p.  196. 

Stem  1 — 2  feet  high,  glabrous,  slightly  branched.  Leaves  ovate; 
and  lanceolate,  sometims  oblique,  somewhat  glaucous,  small,  Unjr 
Versal  involucrum  0,  or  caducous  ;  partial,  composed  of  few  very  rai» 
jiute  leaves.  Ray  of  the  universal  umbel  long,  slender  ;  of  the  pac- 
tial  short.  Flowers  of  the  disk  nearly  sessile,  sterile  ;  of  the  ray  ov, 
long  pedicels,  fertile. 

Grows  in  rich,  high  lands  ;  a  native  of  the  mountains.  Found. b.y 
Dr.  Macbride  as  low  on  the  Santee  as  St.  Johiis.  " 

Flowers  June— July. 


^%%^VW%^^W^'V«^W^\A1^ 


TRIGYNIA. 


VW\A/%.  V%^  VW  VWWV 


Calyx  5-partitus.  Pe- 
tola  5.    Bacca  l-sperma. 

*  Foliis  pinnatis. 

1.  Typhinum. 

R.  foliis  pinnatis ;  foli- 
olis lanceolatis,  acumina- 
tis,  argute  serratis,  eubtus 
Villosis.  Sp.  pi.  £.  p.  1478. 


RHUS.     GeiT.  PL.  502, 

Calyx  5  parted.     Pe* 
tats  5.     Berry  i  seeded. 

*  Leaves  pinnate. 


Leaves  pinnate ;  leaf- 
lets lanceolate,  acumi- 
nate, acutely  serrate,  vfl- 
lous  underneath. 


Walt.  p.  ^55.,    Mich.  I.  p.  182.    Purgh,  1.  p.  204. 


PENTANDRIA  TRIGYNIA. 


861 


Arborescent.  Branches  niul  petioles  very  villons.  Flowfra  dioi- 
cous.  Fruit-Uoai  in;;  panicle  crowded.  Fruit  purple,  covered  wLh  a 
Velvet-like  down.     Slicli. 

I  have  not  seen  this  species  in  Carolina  ;  it  is  inserted  on  the  •«• 
thority  ol"  \N  alter. 

Flowers  July — August. 


ii.   Gi.Ainti  M. 

U.  foliis  |)iniKitis,  Ian- 
ccolatis,  serralis,  utr'mqiie 
luidis ;  lloribus  oiunihiis 
fertilibus.      Sp.   pi.   1.  p. 

Walt.  p.  2j5.     Mich.  l.p.  182 


Leaves  pinnate,  lance* 
olatc,  serrate,  glal)r()us 
on  both  surfaces ;  tlowers 
all  fertile. 

Pursh,  l.p. ':ro-i. 

A  shrub  from  6 — 10  feet  high  ;  branches  and  stem  glabrous, generally 
tillered  witli  ])urple.  Leaves  pinnate,  7 — 8  pair;  leaflets  t«etisile,  lan- 
ceolate, acuminate,  strongly  dentate,  glaucous  on  the  under  surface, 
sliglitly  conJate.     /'i/Mic/*'  larije,  dilVu-e.     Floirers  a\\  fertile. 

(irows  in  the  u  per  countiy  of  Carolina  and  Ge(»rgia.  I  have  seen 
it  eight  miles  below  Augusta,  and  around  Columbia,  S.  C.  It  rarely 
de-^cends  lower. 

Flowers  July — August. 


3.   Eleoans. 

U.  foliis  pinnatis,  lan- 
ccolatis,  serratis,  ulrin- 
que  nudis  ;  flori!)us  dioi- 
cis.     Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1478. 


Leaves  pinnate,  lance- 
olate, senate, glabrous  on 
both  surfaces  ;  tlowers 
dioieous. 


With  this  species  I  am  iinacriuainted  ;  it  is  not  distinguished  iu 
the  Species  Plantarum  or  llortus  Koweiisis  by  any  cliaractcr  but  its 
dioieous  flowers  from  the  K.  jiabruni,  of  which  l^ursh  considers  it  a 
variety. 

Grows  in  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina. 

Flowers 


4.    PUMII.UM. 

U.  humile  ;  raniis  pe- 
tiolisque  pubescentibus  ; 
foliolis  ovalibus,  ineiso- 
dentatis,  subtus  tonien- 
tosis ;  liuctil)us  holoseri- 
ceis.     Mich.  i.  p.  ib2. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  204. 


Vlant  humble;  branches 
and  petioles  pubescent  ; 
Icallets  oval,  slmrply 
toothed,  tomentose  un- 
derneath ;  fruit  with  a 
silky  down. 

\  2 


36^ 


rENTANDRIA  TRIGYNlAr 


Stem  about  a  foot  high.     Leaves  pinnate,  many  paired. 
On  the  authority  of  Mr.  Lyon  to  be  very  poisonous. 
Grows  in  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina. 
Flowers  July — August. 


Reported- 


Very  glabrous ;  leaflets 
oval,  abruptly  acuminate, 
entire  j  panicle  diffuse  j 
flowers  dioicous. 


5.  Vernix. 

R.  glaberrimuH)  ;  foli- 
olis  ovalilius,  abrupte  acu- 
minptis,  integris  ;  panicu- 
!a  laxa  ;  floribus  dioicis. 
Pursb,  1.  p.  SO 3. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1479.     Mich.  1.  p.  183. 

Shrub  6 — 10  feet  high,  (arborescent,  Mich.)  branches  glabrousi 
Leaves  rather  large,  oval,  abruptly  acuminate,  entire,  glabrous,  pale 
on  the  under  surface  ;  petioles  glabrous,  without  joints  or  wings. 
JFloivers  in  long  slender  panicles,  dioicous.     (Frwit  white.    Mich.) 

Grows  in  the  upper  country  of  Georgia  and  Carolina  ;  rare  in  the 
lower.  I  have  seen  it  within  eighteen  miles  of  Savannah,  on  the  road 
to  Augusta. 

Flowers  May — June* 


6.    COPALLINUM. 

R.  foliis  pinnatis,  inte-  Leaves  pinnate,  entire^ 

gerrimis,   petiolo    mem-  with  the  petiole  winged, 

tranaceo,  articuiato.    Sp.  and  jointed, 
pi.  1.  p.  1480. 

Walt  p.  255.     Mich.  1.  p.  182.     Pursh,  1.  p.  205. 

A  shrub  3 — 12  feet  high,  branching;  the  branches  virgate,  and 
covered  with  fine  down.  Leaves  pinnate  ;  leaflets  (about  5  pair,)  ob- 
liquely lanceolate,  slightly  revolute,  sliining  on  the  upper  surface, 
pubescent  on  the  under  ;  petioles  8 — 12  inches  long,  apparently 
jointed,  with  narrow  wings  extending  from  joint  to  joint;  the  leaflets 
growing  from  each  joint.  Calyx  5  parted.  Petals  3  times  as  long 
as  the  calyx,  oval,  of  an  obscure  yellow.  Filaments  much  shorter  than 
the  corolla,  inserted  into  a  ring  surrounding  the  germ.  Germ  superior,, 
irval.  Styles  3,  very  short.  Stigmas  globose.  Berry  compressed, 
ovate,  pubescent ;  the  juice  very  acid. 

Grows  in  all  soils  not  inundated. 

Flowers  August.  Sumach. 

The  berries  are  possessed  of  an  agreeable  acid  taste.    Infused  intd 
^ater,  they  form  a  pleasant  and  cooling  beverage. 


PENTANDllIA  TllJLGYNlA. 


863 


**  Ful'tis  termitis, 

7.  Raiucans. 

R.  foiiis  Icrnalis  ;  foli- 
olis  peliolatis,  ovalis,  gla- 
bris,  plonimqiie  integcr- 
riinis  ;  caiilc  radicaiite  ; 
llonI)us  (lloicis.     K. 


I       **  Leaves  tcrnate. 

Leaves  ternatc  ;  leaf- 
lets petiolate,  ovate,  gla^ 
broils,  generally  entire , 
stem  railicant  ;  lluwers 
(lioicous. 


Sp.  pi.  I.  p    14K1.      \VaU.  p.   20.";. 

R.  tuxicodciulron,  vnr.  a.   Mich.  1.  p.  183.     Puish,  1.  p.  205. 

A  vine,  climbiu"  to  the  heij^ht  of  30  or  40  feet,  shootint;  out  radl-, 
cles  all  alon;^  its  stem,  by  which  it  adheres  to  the  bark  of  trees,  to 
fences,  houses,  &c.  sinall  branches  glabrous,  expaiidini:;.  Leaven  ter' 
natp,  ovate,  lanceolate,  acute  or  acuminate,  i^enerally  entire;,  (the 
lower  leaves  sometimes  anj^led,)  of  a  dark  green  colour.  Racemes  axf 
illary.     Berries  white. 

Very  common  in  the  low  country,  preferring  damp  soils. 

Flowers  May. 


Stem  erect,  Aveak  ; 
leaves  sinuate,  lo!)e(l,  and 
entire,  tomentose  under- 
neath :  flowers  dioicoue. 


S.  Toxicodendron. 

K.  caule  crecto,  debili ; 
foliis  sinuatis,  lohatis  in- 
tegrisquc,  subtus  tomcn- 
tosis ;  floribus  dioicis.    E. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1481.     AValt.  p.  C.5.). 

Micii.  I.  p.  183.  var.  b.  quercifolium.     Pursh,  1.  p.  :20j. 

Stem  2 — 6  feet  high,  when  tall  flexible,  and  not  finnly  erect. 
Leaves  ovate,  varying  very  much,  sometimes  acute  or  acuminate,  never 
obtuse,  and  all  but  the  upper  leaves  variously  lobcd;  the  lateral  leaves 
nearly  sessile  :  the  under  surface  of  the  leaves  and  young  branches  to- 
nietitose.  Therrtrt'/npsare  really  axillary,  but  as  the  lower  leaves  com- 
monly drop  off,  they  apj)ear  naked.  Berries  w  hitc,  larger  than  in  the 
preceding  species. 

Rare  in  tiie  lower  country  ;  very  common  in  the  pine  barrens  iu 
the  middle  country. 

Flowers  April — May.  Poison  oak.     Poison  vine. 

A  mere  contact  with  tliis  or  the  preceding  species  (which  perliapa 
are  but  varieties  of  one  plant).  ])roduces  distressing  effects  on  per- 
sons ot  peculiar  constitutions.  The  whole  suface  of  the  body  becomes 
inflamed,  swollen  and  extremely  painful,  and  in  some  instatices  these 
effects  have  continued  for  weeks.  Dr.  Jiarton  informs  us  that  tho 
application  of  a  solution  of  corrosive  sublimate  afforded  in  sucii  casci 
the  speediest  relief.  I'he  expressed  juice  ^f  both  the.-.*'  plants  rwadiiy 
blisters  the  skin,  which  effect  is  followed  by  obstinate  ulcers.  The 
juice  which  exudes  on  i)lucking  the  leafstalks  from  the  stem  of  ^Jje 
ii.  radicans  is  a  good  indelible  dye  for  marking  lincti  or  cotton. 


304! 


rENTANDRiA    TRIGYNIA. 


9.  Aromaticum. 

R.  foliis  ternatis  ;  folio- 
lis  sessilibus,ovatorhom- 
beis,  inciso  dentatis.  to- 
nientosis ;  floribus  dioicis. 
Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1483. 

Mich.  l.p.  184.       Pursh,  1.  p.  205. 

A  shrub  2 — 3  ?  feet  high  ;  the  youns;  branches  tomentose.  Leaflets 
ovate,  sometimes  rhomboidal,  coarsely  toothed,  and,  with  the  petiole, 
tomentose.  Panicles  compact,  axillary.  Floivers  amentaceous.  BtV' 
Ties  red. 

Grows  in  the  upper  Districts  of  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

Flowers  May — June. 


Leaves  tern  ate  ;  leaf- 
lets sessile,  ovate  rbom- 
boidal,  deeply  toothed, 
tomentose  ;  flowers  di- 
oicous. 


VIBURNUM.     Gen.  pl.  503. 


Calyx  5-partitus,  supe. 
rus.  Corolla  0-fida.  Dru- 
pa  l-sperma. 

1.    ACERIPOLIUM. 

V.  foliis  trilobis,  acii- 
minatis,  argute  serratis  ; 
petiolis  eglandulosis,  pi- 
losis.    Sp.  pl.  l.p.  1489. 

Mich.  1.  p.  180.     Pursh,  1.  p.  203. 

Leaves  slightly  cordate,  pubescent  underneath,  when  young  some- 
times undivided.     Cymes  on  long  poduncles.     Berries  black. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina  and  Georgia.      Athens  ;  Mr. 
Green.  "  ' 

Flowers  May-^June. 


Calyx  5  parted,  supe- 
rior. Corolla  5  cleft. 
Drupe  1  seeded. 

Leaves  3  lobed,  acumi- 
nate,  with  sharp  serra- 
tures  ;  petioles  without 
glands,  hairy. 


2.  Dentatum. 

V.  foliis  ovatis,  dentato- 
serratis,  plicatis  ;   fructi- 
bus  subglobosis.    Pers.  i 
p.  3^6. 


Leaves  ovate,  with  large 
serratures,  plaited :  fruit 
nearly  globose. 


Sp.  pl.  1.  p.  1488.     Walt,  p,  116.    Mich.  1.  p.  179. 


I'ENTANDHIV  TRICYNIA. 


305 


A  shrub  fl — I."!   fet^t  luijli,  l>ranclio«  expanding,  viigate,  glabrous. 
Cymvs  lai;;o,  teiiiiinal,  nakf«i.     VoroUa  \\liitc. 

^Viru's — a  ;  with    ifavos  ru'ailv  round  ovate,  acute,  glabrous  ;  fruit 
noaily  round.     V.  dentatum       I'ursli. 
b ;  with  loaves  oval,  acuuiiuate,  hairj  uitderneatli ;  fruit  obr 
lon^.     V.  pubcscens.     Purs*h. 
Grows   more  exrlusively   in  swamps,  and  flowers  earlier  than  any 
other  species.     Var.  a.  in  the  muuiiUiins  (Mich.) ;  the  othec»  coininoa 
>n  the  low  country. 

Flowers  March — April. 


3.   Lentago. 

V.  glal)nini ;  foliis  lato- 
ovaiis,  acuniinatis,  arij;ute 
serratis,  pctiolis  niargiiia- 
tis,  iindulatis  ;  cymis  ses- 
silibus.     Piirsli,  i.  p.  iOl. 


G1al)roiis ;  leaves  broad, 
ovate,  acuniinate,  .sharply 
senate  ;  petioles  with 
waved  mai'gins  ;  cymes 
sessile. 


Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1491.     Walt.  p.  IIG.     Mich.  1.  p.  178. 

Sometimes  arborescent.  Leaves  frequently  oval,  sometimes  slight- 
ly cordate,  conspicuously  acuminate.  Petioles  nearly  an  inch  long^ 
Jierries  black. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

Flowers 


4.    PRrNIFOI.IL'M. 

V.  foliis  o)30vato-sul)- 
rotundis  oyaril)Usqiie,  gla- 
bris,  argute  serratis  ;  pe- 
tiolis  niarginatis.  Sp.  pi. 
1.  p.  1487. 

Walt.  p.  116.     Mich.  1.  p.  178 


Leaves  obovate,  near- 
ly round  and  oval,  gla- 
brous, sharply  serrate  ; 
petioles  winged. 

Pursh,l.  p.  201. 

A  shrub  8 — 15  feet  his;h,  branches  virgate,  glabrous.  Leaves  acute, 
sl»inint:,fiaclj  serrate.  .S/i/;;//*'s  inversely  heart-shaped,  serrulate.  Cy- 
ine^  larfje.  Corolla  white,  larj::er  than  in  t)ur  otlier  species,  and  the 
plant  altou;cther  ornamental.  Fruit  oval,  dark  blue,  eatable,  known 
by  the  name  of  sloes. 

Grows  in  loose,  drv  rich  soils. 

Flowers  April — May.  Black-haw.     Sloe. 


5.    Nf'UfM. 

V.  foiiis  ovalibus,  sub- 
vugoeis,  inarginc  rcvolu- 


Lcaves  oval,  somewhat 
rugose,  with  the  margins 


365 


PENTANDRIA    TRIGYNIA^ 


lis,   obsolete    crenulatis.     revolute,  obscurely   ere- 
Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1487.  nulate. 

Walt.  p.  116.     Mich.  1.  p.  178.     Pursh,  1.  p.  201. 

A  shrub  4 — 12  fe^t  high,  the  branches  virgate,  when  young  covered 
with  a  ferruginous  down,  when  old  glabrous.  Leaves,  a?,  in  ilie  whole 
genus,  opposite,  petiolate,  sli;iht!y  acuminate,  giabrou^^  on  the  upper 
surface,  beneath  dotted,  the  veins  and  margins  pubescent.  Flowers 
in  naked  terminal  cymes.  Pec?u/ic'es  jointed,  pubescent.  Calijx  \ery 
small,  white.  Corolla  2 — 3  times  as  large  as  the  calyx,  white  ;  seg- 
ments obtuse,  reflected.  Filaments  almost  twice  as  long  as  the  co- 
rolla, inserted  into  its  tube.  dntJiers  nearly  globose,  2  celled,  yel- 
low. Germ  clothed  with  tlie  tube  of  the  calyx.  Styles  0  ?  Stigma 
obscurely  3  parted.     Drupe  oval,  blue,  containing:  a  hard  bony  Seed. 

Michaux  mentions  a  variety  in  the  mountains  of  Georgia  with  pe- 
rennial leaves.  In  the  lower  country  tlie  leaves  adhere  to  a  late  pe- 
riod of  the  winter. 

Grows  in  swauips,  ponds,  &c.     Common. 

Flowers  April — May. 


Glabrous ;  leaves  obo^ 
vate,  creuate,  dentate  or 
entire,  obtuse  ;  cymes 
sessile  ;  fruit  Ovate,  near- 
ly round. 


6.  Obovatum.     Walt. 

V.  glabrum  ;  tbliis  obo- 
vatis,  crenatis,  dentatis 
seu  integerriinis,  obtusis ; 
cymis  sessilibus ;  fructi- 
bus  ovato-subrotundis. 
Pursh,  l.p.  201. 

Walt.  1.  p.  116. 

V.  cassinoides.     Mich.  1.  p.  1/9  ^ 

Shrub  4 — 8  feet  high  ;  branches  virgate.  Leaves  wedge  shaped, 
obovate,  obscurely  crenulate,  sometimes  entire,  crowded  nenr  the 
cymes?  the  lower  leaves  more  obovate,  the  upper  lanceolate,  the  un- 
der surface  and  peduncles  covered  with  glandular  punctures. 

Grows  along  the  margins  of  rivers.  Very  common  about  the  ter- 
mination of  tide  water. 

Flowers  April — Aiay. 


7.  Cassinoides. 

V.  glabrum  ;  foliis  ova- 


Glabrous  ;  leaves  ovate 


tO'lanceolatis,  utrinque  a-  j  lanceolate,  acute  at  each 
cXitis,  crenatis,    margine  |  end,  crenate,  with    the 


rENTAKnniA  ttiicynia. 


8G7 


inarpjiiis  slightly  rcvolute; 
petioles  keeled,  without 
glanJs. 


subrcvolutis  ;  i)eti(>lis 
carinatis,  eglan<Uilosis. 
Piirsh,   i.    |).    :i()i>. 

Sp.pl.  I.  p.  1491. 

The  lower  leaves  olxivate,  the  next  ovitc,   the  upper  lanceolate. 
I.inn.     //rrri>>  hliiei^h  Mack.     Ptirsh.     U  .ippears  to  ine  very  proba* 
t>ic  that  tliis  a. 1(1  the  precedinj;  f  pecies  arc  the  same  plant. 
Grows  ill  s^anips. 

Flowers  May — June. 


Leaves  lanceolate, 
smooth,  remotely  ser- 
rate, entire  at  base. 


8.    L.EVIGATUM  } 

V.  foliis  lanccolatis.lfe- 
\ibus,  remote  scrratis, 
baslintcgerrimis.  Sp.pl. 
1.  p.  141)2. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  302. 

Shrub  2  "4  feet  hij^h,  much  branched  and  more  (liffuse  than  usual 
in  this  genus  ;  branciiei  glabrous,  but  spiinklod  with  a  brown  excroa- 
cence  resembling  tluat-  Leaves  sniall,  nearly  sessile,  cuneat*;,  obo- 
vatc  or  lanceolate,  near  the  summit  (le'i/atc,  i,M:ibrous,  lu.  id  on  the 
upjjtr  surface,  the  under  dotted  and  sprinkled  with  ferruginous  dust. 
Cymes  Hmall,  nearly  sessile.  Corolla  white,  /"'i/amenfs  much  shorttr 
than  the  corolla. 

I  refer  the  plant  before  me,  with  some  hesitation,  to  the  V.  Ipeviga- 
tu:n.  The  ••  Folia  petiolata,  lato-Ianceolata"  of  Linnteus,  by  no 
means  apply  to  it,  thou<j;li  in  othtT  point*  tliey  ajree. 

Kare  t(»  me  Found  near  the  old  Club-bouse,  between  AshepoT) 
and  Combahec  rivers,  in  dry  soils. 

Flowers  March — April. 


9.  NiriDUM. 

V.  glaberrimum  ;  folii.s 
lin^ari-lanceolatis,  suj)ra 
nitidis,  obsolete  serratis 
ifUcgrisvc  ;  rainis  tctra- 
gonis.     Pursh,  i.  p.  202. 

Sp.pl.  1.  p.  1492. 

A  low  bhnib  with  small  leawi. 
Grows  in  samly  barren  woods, 
Flowers 


I  Very  i;labrous  ;  leaves 
I  linear  lanceolate,  shining 
I  on  the  upper  surface,  ob- 
I  scurely  serrate  or  enth'e ; 
I  branches  4  angled. 


Pursh. 
in  Carolina  and  Georgia.    Pursh. 


^868 


PENTANDRIA   TRIGYNIA. 


SAMBUCUS.     Gen.  pl.  505. 


Calyx  5  parted.  Co- 
rolla  5  cleft.  Berry  3 
seeded. 


Stipules  wanting ;  cymes 
5  parted  ;  leaves  gene- 
rally bipinnate  ;  leaflets 
oblong  oval,  shining,  gla- 
brous ;  stem  shrubby. . 


Calyx  5.partitus.  Co- 
rolla 5-fida.  Bacca  3- 
sperma. 

1.  Canadensis. 

S.  stipulis  nullis  ;  cymis 
tfuinquepartitis  ;  ibliis 
sub-bipinnatis  ;  foliolis 
oblongo-ovalibus,  nitidis, 
glabris ;  caulefrutescente. 
Pers.  1.  p.  328. 

Sp.  pl.  1.  p.  1494.  Walt.  p.  116.   Mich.  l.p.  181.    Pursh,  1.  p.  203. 

Shrub  8 — 15  feet  high,  the  branches  glabrous,  thickened  at  each 
joint,  slightly  furrowed ;  the  young  branches  sometimes  virgate. 
Leaves  pinnate,  sometimes  bipinnate  ;  leaflets  acutely  serrate,  with 
a  long  acumination ;  the  terminal  leaf  frequently  obovate.  Ccih/x 
small,  white.  Corolla  somewhat  rotate  ;  segments  oval,  revolute. 
filaments  shorter  than  tiie  corolla,  inserted  into  its  tube.  Jinthers 
incumbent,  yellow.  Ger'm  inferior.  Style  1,  thick,  ventricose. 
Stigma  obtuse,  3  cleft.     Berry  globose, black. 

Grows  in  wet  grounds,  swamps,  &c.     Common. 

Flowers  April — July. 


g.    PUBESCENS. 

S,  cyma  subracemosa ; 
cortice  subverrucosa  ;  fo- 
liis  terminalibus  quinatis ; 
foliolis  ovali-lanceolatis, 
subtus  pubescentibus. 
Pers.  1.  p.  3i5>8. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  £04. 

S.  pubens,   Mich.  1.  p.  181. 

A  small  shrub.  Leaflets  oblong,  acuminate,  sometimes  by  sevens 
on  the  sterile  branches  ;  a  small  leaf  frequently  occurs  at  the  base 
of  a  leaflet,  like  a  small  lobe  that  had  separated  from  it.  Cymes 
crowded,  racemose.     Berries  red.     Mich. 

Grows  among  the  highest  mountains  of  Carolina.    Mich. 

Flowers  June — July, 


Cymes  racemose  ;  bark 
somewhat  roughened 
with  tubercles  ;  tern dnal 
leaves  by  lives ;  leaflets 
oval  lanceolate,  pubes- 
cent underneath. 


■PBNTANOUIA  TRICYNIA. 


S69 


STAPHYLEA.     Gcn.  n,.  507. 


Cahi.r  iiilri'us,  ;"» -parti - 
tus.  I\'tal(i  5.  Cupsnlic 
inflatjT,  connatse.  JS^uces 
2,  i^lobosre  cum  cicatrice. 


Cuhjr  interior,  5  park- 
ed. Petals  .7.  Capsules 
inllatcd,  connate.  JSuls 
;2,  globose,  marked  wiih 
a  cicatiice. 


Leaves  trifoliate ;  ra. 
cemcs  pendulous  ;  pctaU 
ciliatc  near  tlic  base. 


i.    TuiFOIJV. 

S.  t'oliis  trifoliatis  ;  ra- 
ccnjis  pendulis  ;  pctalis 
inrcrne  ciliatis.  Puihli,  1. 
p.  2015. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  M9S.     Walt.  p.  116.     Mich.  1.  p.  184. 

A  shrub  6—12  fctt  hisjh  ;  the  branches  generally  erect,  ter»»t<v, 
smooth.  Leaves  opposite,  trifoliate  ;  leaflets  ovate  lanceolate,  acu- 
minate, sorriiliit»s  on  tl»e  upper  surface  sparingly,  on  tlie  lower  dcnse- 
\y  pubescent.  Flowem  in  a  terminal,  pi'iululous  panicle  composed  of 
op!)osite  fascicles.  Cnhj.v  deeply  J  parted;  seijments  o  vail,  obtuse 
Petalii  ob  vate,  a  litte  lonijer  than  (he  caiyXr  ciliatc  near  the  base.  iii» 
serted  on  the  fjena.  Filaments  as  lon^r  as  t!.c  prtaJN  and  alternatiii;«; 
with  them.  .i/j^/tfTS  incumbent  Yellow  ^erm  superior,  ovate,  hairy. 
fitijles  3,  sli^htlv  coht-rinj;,  hairy  at  buse.  .S'/j'sfma  capitate.  Cap 
stile  lar<;e,  intlattMl.S  celled,  or  3  cap<<tiU'S  roheriiij^  on  the  inner  side  j 
each  Cfll  or  capsuh'  acimiiiate,  opeiiin-^  en  tlie  inner  side,  containin;; 
C  ^l<)!)u!ar  tiuts,  polished,  a  little  compreiitied,  witii  au  oblique  summit 
i :t>t  above  tlje  cicatrice. 

Grows  common  near  Columbia;  Mr.  Herbemont.     Rare  ia  the  luwr 
©ountrv. 

Fiowcre  March — April. 


TURNER  A.     Ckn.  il.  5  14. 


Cnhfx  inferus,  .3-tidns, 
infiindil)ulirui  mis  :  exteri- 
or diphylUi-:.  Pctala  5, 
calyci  in^crta  Sligvwla 
iMultilida.  i'apsula  i-Io- 
«uiaris,  a-valvi^. 


Cafi/x  infeiio!',  5  cleft 
funnel  shaped  ;  the  exte- 
rior ^  leaved.  Petals  5, 
inserted  on  the  caivx. 
stigmas  many  tlcft.  CV/;;- 
sule  1  celled,  ^  vulvcd. 


Y  2 


370  PENTANDRIA   TRIGYNIA. 

1.    CiSTOIDES  ? 

T.  pedunculis  axillari-  |  Peduncles  axillary,  leaf- 
bus,  aphyllis  ;  foliis  apice  less  ;  leaves  serrate  near 
serratis.  Sp.  pi.  l.p.  1505.  |  the  summit 

Pursh,  1.  p.  206. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  12— 18  inches  high,  simple,  very 
hairy,  hairs  rufous.  Leaves  alternate,  oval,  obtuse,  crenate,  hairy, 
unilerneath  almo8t  hoary,  1  inch  long,  5 — 6  lines  wide,  nearly  sessile. 
flowera  solitary  ;  peduncles  about  an  inch  long,  hairy,  towards  the 
summit  jointed,  sometimes  geniculate.  Calyx  somewhat  persistent. 
FetaU  obovate,  yellow,  almost  transparent.  Filaments  half  as  long 
as  the  corolla,  inserted  into  the  base  of  the  germ.  Jinthers  sagittate. 
Germ  superior,  ovate,  villous.  Styles  shorter  than  the  stamens. 
CapsuU  globose,  villous.  Seeds  reniform,  dotted,  attached  to  the 
margins  of  the  valves.  I  have  never  seen  in  this  species  an  exterior 
calyx. 

First  noticed  by  the  late  Dr.  Brickell,  of  Savannah,  growing  on  the 
eommon  around  that  city  ;  common  on  the  south  side  of  the  ParachU'' 
da  Savannah,  near  the  Sisters  Ferry. 
■Flowers  June — September. 

LEPUROPETALON.     E. 


Calyx  5  parted.  Pe- 
tals  5,  resembling  scales, 
inserted  into  the  calyx. 
Capsule  fiee  near  the 
summit,  i  celled,  i  valv- 
ed. 


Calyx  5-partitus.  Pe- 
tola  5,  squamseformJa,  ca- 
lyci  inserta.  Cap^ula  su- 
perne  libera,  i-locularis, 
3-valvis. 

1.  Spathulatum. 

Pyxidanthera  spathulata,     Muhl.  Cat. 

Plant  annual,  glabrous.  Stem  erect  and  procumbent,  somewhat 
succulent,  slightly  angled,  brandling  from  the  base,  forming  little 
hemispherical  tufts  about  half  an  inch  in  diameter.  Leaves  alternate, 
sessile,  spathulate -lanceolate,  obtuse,  entire.  FZotfers  solitary,  ter- 
minal. Calyx  persistent,  large  for  the  size  of  the  plant,  clothing  the 
germ  with  its  tube  ;  segments  ovate,  obtuse.  Petals  very  small,  like 
scales,  ovate,  white,  inserted  at  the  fissures  of  the  calyx,  persistent. 
Filaments  scarcely  as  long  as  the  petals,  inserted  between  them. 
Anthers  erect,  nearly  round,  2  celled,  yellow.  Germ  slightly  ang- 
led, free  above,  truncate,  furrowed.  Styles  very  short,  when  young 
cohering  at  base.  Stigmas  simple.  Capsule  3  valved  at  the  summit. 
Se^ds  numerous,  oval,  dotted,  attached  to  the  inflected  margin  of  the 
valves. 

Found  in  Chatham  county,  Georgia  ;  Silk  Hope  ;  Vail  Ombrosa ; 
recently  near  Savannah,  by  Dr.  Baldwin.     Grows  in  close  seils. 

Fl«wer&  March— April, 


rENTANDllIV  TETRAGYNIA. 


sri 


SAROTHRA. 


Cali/x  il-partitus.  Co- 
Tolla  5  pitula.  Capsula 
l-loculari<,  ;3-valvis5  co- 
lorata. 

1,  Gentianoides. 


Califx  5  parted.  Ce^ 
rolla  5  petalled.  Ca/v 
side  1  celled,  d  valvedg 
coloured. 


Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1515. 

Hypericum  niulicaule?   AValt.  p.  190. 

Hypericum  sarotlira,  Midi.  2.  p.  79.     Pursli,  2.  p.  578. 

Annual  .•*  Stem  8 — 12  iucIum  hi^li.  erect,  glabrous,  hrancliing  from 
the  viTv  base.  (Lower  [earl's  somewhat  ovate,  Walt.) ;  stem  leave* 
opposite,  small,  subulate,  like  stipules.  Flowers  solitary,  axillary, 
nearly  sessile.  C'nlt/x  persistent ;  segments  subulate.  I'etah  oval, 
ii?.rro\v,  obtuse,  yellow,  lon'j;er  than  the  calyx.  FUamcnts  an  loug  a« 
the  corolla.     CapsiilF  oblon;^,  acute. 

A  e;enus  very  nearly  allied  to  Hypericum. 

Grows  in  damp  soih. 

Flowers  July — Septeuiber. 


TETMGYXIA. 


k  V%^  V^'^  v^v 


PARXASSIA.     Gen.  pl.  553. 


Cahjx  5-partitus.  Pe- 
lala  5.  J^rdarla  5,  cor- 
data,  ciliata,  apicibiis  ^\n- 
bosis.  Capsida  4-valvis, 
2-loeularis. 

1.  Cauolini.\na. 
p.    tbiiis     radicalibiis  1 
suborbiculatis  ;    ncctariis 
trisetis.    Micb.  1.  p.  lai. 

Purah,  1.  p.  208. 

Perennial.  Radical  It'nvex  cordate,  nearly  eircular,  sometimes 
reniform,  entire,  obtuse,  glabrotjs,  5  —  7  nerved,  on  petioles  2 — S 
inches  lonj; ;  stem  leaves  se.ssile,  resemblinc;  those  of  the  root.  Stem 
12 — 13   inches  high,  fclightly   anglcil,  I  flowered.     Calyx  small,  5 


Cal]/x  5-parlcd.  F^- 
tals  5.  M'ctaries  5,  cor- 
date, ciliate,  globose  at 
tbe  suninut.  Capsule  4 
valved,  2  celled. 

Radical  leaves  nearly 
orbicular ;  nectaries  with 
3  bristles. 


375 


PENTANDRIA    PENTAGYNIA. 


parted  (5  leaved  ?)  ;  segments  oval,  3  ribbed,  with  a  membranons 
iiiar«nn.  Corolla  much  larger,  whitt*,  petals  oval  or  ovate,  marked 
with  5— r  distinct  green  nerves  and  a  sculptured  niaigin  near  the 
base.  Aectaries  3  parted,  each  division  tenninatinji  in  an  awn  near- 
ly as  long  as  the  corolla.  Jnlaments  very  short.  Anthers  sagittate. 
tityles  siiort. 

Grows  near  Columbia.  S.  C.  Mr.  Herbcmont.  Near  the  summit  of 
the  Alleghany  mountains  ;  Dr.  Macbri^le. 

Flowers  July — l?eptember. 


2.  AsARTPOLiA.     Ventenat. 


Radical  leaves  reniv 
form ;  petals  clawed ;  nee.-, 
tarics  3  cleft. 


V.  foliis  radicalil)us  re- 
niforniihus  ;  petalis  un- 
quiculatis ;  Fiectariis  tiifi- 
dis.    Vent.  Mai.  3y.t.  3y. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  208. 

Leaves  and  flowers  larger  than  those  of  the  preceding  species 
J*ursh. 

Grows  on  the  highest  mountains  of  Virginia  and  Carolina,^ 
Flowers  July — August. 


VWW^WVW^/WVW  wxwvwv 


PEXrAGYNll 


Vk/«JX/V^  %/v«  wvw%  vwvwwvvw 


ARALIA.     Gen.  pl.  525. 


Tnvolucrum  umbellulge. 
Calyx  .^-flentatus,  siipe- 
rus.  Corolla  5-petala. 
Bucca  5.sperma. 


Umbels  witli  small  in- 
volucnmis.  Calyx  5 
tootlied,  superior.  Carol' 
la  5  j)etalled.  Berry  ^ 
seeded. 


)ranched,  umbels 


4.  SpiNOs\. 

A.  arl)oiesccns  ;  caide 
foliisque  aculeatis  ;  paiii- 
cula  raruosissiina.  umbcl- 
lis  racemosis.  Feis.  l. 
p.  334>. 

Sp.  pi.  I.  p.  1520,   Walt.  p.  1 17.    Mich.  I.  p.  186.    Pursh,  1.  p.  209, 

Root  perennial:  shooting  tip  many  straight,  shrubby,  unbrancliing 
items  naked  and  prickly  (not  spiuous)  below,  with  tlie  leaves  crowd- 


Arboresoent ;  stem  and 
leaves  j)ri(:kly  ;  panicle 
mucb 
racemose. 


rn  NT  AND  HI  A    Pr.NTACYWl  \. 


878 


»<1  at  the  stimmlt  nf  (lie  stems,  liko  t!if  pahn  trees.  Lenfe^  Upui- 
tiat''  ;  loanots  ovate,  acuniitiati-,  sli:j;litly  cieiiHtf,  glaucous  under- 
nratli,  aiitl  simuMvliat  piil)»'-*reiit  ;  common  prtiolci*  2 — 3  feet  lon-^, 
j'Mtitod,  c'lanuflK'd,  homeiirU"  :*  prickly.  I'uuiclea  terminal,  very 
la>"i;e,  branr'ios  terminatifii;  in  small  umbel*  or  fasriili-s  1j — 20 
flowered  I'etnls  «»val,  wliife,  reflecti-d,  caducous,  much  Ioniser  tliau 
calyx.  Fdntufttts  I  .njjer  tlian  the  petals.  Jhif/irrn  incumlient,  white. 
Germ  depressed.     Stifles  5.  s  .<»!  t.     .SV/^-inrrs  obtuse,  coiiuiveiit. 

Grows  in  the  richest  soils,  wherever  they  are  not  troriuently  in- 
un<lati'd. 

Flowers  June — Aujrust.  rricUi/-ash. 

A  watery  infusion  of  the  b.irk  of  the  fresh  root  is  botli  emetic  and 
•athartic,  an<l  is  pro!)ably  to  be  preferred  to  anv  emetic  vet  discov- 
ered amoni;  our  native  plants.  A  tjum-resinous  extract,  wliich  is  de- 
cidedly cathartic,  may  be  prepared  by  boilini;  the  root  in  water. 
The  active  pioperties  seem  to  be  much  weakened  fiom  drvinj  the 
root  This  plant,  though  cliielly  employed  as  an  emetic,  lias  also 
sotne  reputati'Mi  as  a  reniedy  in  those  rheumatic  and  cutaneous  alVeC' 
tions  amoii:;-  neirroes  wliich  are  supjjOaed  to  have  a  svphilitic  orisiin. 
In  cases  of  the  bite  of  the  rattlesnake,  the  decoction  or  infusion  of  t!ie 
fresh  root  is  ^iven  in  sullicicnt  quaulities  to  occasion  vomiting;,  and 
in  such  cases  it  appears  to  ilcserve  more  attention  than  most  other 
remedies. 


2.  Racemosa. 

A.  caiilq  hcrbaceo,  Lt- 
\i  ;  foliis  docomposlti"^, 
glabris ;  pedunciilis  axil- 
larii)us,  ramosis,  uiiil)cl- 
lalis.    Sp.  pi.  I.  p.  1.321. 


Stem  Iicihaccous, 
smooth  ;  leaves  tleconi- 
j)Ountl,  ji;lal)rous  ;  pedun- 
cles axillary,  branching, 
Ijcarinii;  umbels. 


INIich.  l.p.  185.       Pursh,  I.  p.  209. 

Herbaceous,  with  wide  spreading  branches.  Leaves  three  parted, 
with  the  divi>ions  .1 — 5  leaved  :  leaflets  ovate,  acuminate,  acutely 
serrate,  frequently  cordate,  with  t!;e  petioles  and  stem  pubescent^. 
sometimes  hairy.  .Vxillary  branches  leify,  bearing;  many  umbels  j  tei- 
niinal  brandies  paniculate,  without  leaves.     Mich. 

(irows  in  the  mountains.     IJr.  -Macbiidc. 

Flowers  Spike-nard. 

The  root  in  the  form  of  decoction  is  a  much  esteemi'd  remedy  for 
ciicuniatism  ainon<;  tlie  inhabitants  of  the  mountains  of  this  state. 


8.  NrnicAt'Lis. 

A.   swbaca'ili-;.    uniroli-  j       Nearly  slctn!e.^>.  I)v.-Lir- 
ata,  folio   tiifjuiuato;  I'o-  |  in^  one  leaf,  leal"  triquin- 


S74 


PENTANDRIA    PENTAGYNIA. 


liolis  oblongo-ovalibiis  ; 
scapo  nudo,  folio  brevi- 
ore ;    umbellidis   paucis. 


ate  ;  leaflets  oblong  oval ; 
scape  naked,  shorter  thaa 
the  leaf  j  umbels  few. 


Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1521. 


Pursh,  i.  p.  309. 

Mich.  1.  p.  185. 

Stem  very  short,  or  rather  none.  Leaves  2,  decompound,  witli  long 
petioles.  Leaves  3  parteil,  the  divisions  pinnate,  bearing  5  pair  of 
leaflets.  Scape  shooting  from  between  the  leaves,  3  cleft  or  bear- 
ing 3  small  umbels.     Linn. 

Grows  in  shaded,  rocky  soils,  in  the  mountains.     Pursh* 

Flowers  May—- June. 

STATICE.     Gen.  pl.  527. 


Califx  1  leaved,  entire, 
plaited,  scariose.     Petals 
Seed  1,  superior. 


o. 


Scape  panicled,  terete  ; 
leaves  smooth,  without 
nerves,  ujidalate,  mucro- 
natc  below  the  summit. 


Calyx  l-phy!lus,  inte- 
ger, plicatus,  scariosus. 
Pctala  5.  Semen  1,  su- 
perum. 

1.    LlMONlUM  ? 

S.  scapo  paniculato, 
tereti ;  foliis  Irevibus,  en- 
erviis,  undulatis,  sub  apice 
mucronatis.     Pers.  1.  p. 

Sp-Y^.  I-  P-  1525. 

Statice  Caroliniana,     Walt.  p.  118.     Pursh,  1.  p.  212. 

Root  perennial,  thick,  woody,  scaly  near  the  surface  of  the 
ground.  Radical  leaves  somewhat  obovate,  entire,  obtuse,  emargi- 
nate,  with  a  minute  point  bent  underneatli,  narrowed  at  base  to  a 
long  petiole  ;  stem  leaves,  a  few  scales  embracing  the  stem  and  the 
base  of  the  branches.  Panic  e  composed  of  spikes  with  the  flowers 
pointing  one  way  (secun  !).  Involucrum  3  leaved,  2  flowered  ;  the 
2  lover  leaves  lanceolate,  mucroiiate,  mcmbranaceons  ;  the  upper 
rounded,  coloured,  with  the  margin  scarious  j  the  interior  flower  has 
also  a  2  leaved,  membranaceous  involucrum.  Calyx  10  toothed,  hairy 
at  base,  the  teeth  alternately  very  minute  ;  calyx  and  involucrum 
persistent.  Petals  lon-j^er  than  the  calyx,  obovate,  blue.  Filaments 
shorter  than  the  corolla,  attached  to  the  base  of  the  petals.  Jinthers 
incumbent,  dark  purple.  Germ  superior,  5  angled.  Styles  shorter 
than  the  stamens.  Stigmas  thickened.  Seed  oblong,  angled,  trun- 
cate, covered  by  the  calyx. 

Grows  among  the  rushes  along  the  sea  shore. 

Flowers  July — October.  Marsh  Rosemary. 

The  root  is  very  astringent,  and  is  used  by  many  of  the  most  re- 
spectable physicians  of  the  Middle  and  Eastern  States  instead  of 
Kino  or  any  other  vegetable  astringent.  A  deeoctioM  of  the  root  as 
a  wash  in  ulcerous  sore  throat  is  an  old  family  prescription. 


PENTANDKl  V    PENTAGYNIA. 


37f 


LINUM. 

Cob/x  5.pliyllus.  Pr-  I  Cahfx  5  leaved.  Pe^ 
tahi  5.  Capsula  5-valvis,  I  tnU  5.  Capsule  3  valved, 
10-locularLs.    Seni'uia so-  !  lO-ccUcd.     Seeds  solita- 


litaria. 

1.    VlUGINlANUM. 

L.  foliolis  calycinis  a- 
eutis  ;  puiiicula  terniina- 
li,  lU)ril)us  remote  alter- 
nis  ;  i'oliis  lincari-lanceo- 
lalis,  sparsis,  radical ibus 
ovatis.     Pursli,  i.  p.  5io. 


ly. 

Leaves  of  the  calyx  a- 
cule  :  panicle  terminal, 
with  tlic  tlowcrs  lemote- 
ly  altciiiate  ;  lea\es  li- 
near lanceolate,  those 
near  the    root  ovate. 


Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1538.     Walt.  p.  117.     Mich.  2.  p.  36. 

Annual.  Stem  C — 3  feet  hij^li,  simple  near  the  base,  much  divided  at 
the  summit.  Leaves  scattered,  sometimes  opposite.  Flowers  i'orm- 
inj;  racemes  along  the  branches.  Corolla  yellow,  small.  Capsule 
Dearly  globose. 

Grows  in  liijht  soils. 

flowers  May — June.  * 


DROSERA. 


Cahfx  5-fidus.  PcfnJa 
§.  Capsi/fa  1-locularis, 
apice  o-valvis.  iSemina 
pi  mi  ma. 

1.    RtrrUNDlFOTJ A. 

D.  scapis  .^implicibus  ; 
foliis  orbiculatis.  ba.si  at- 
teuuatis  ;  petiolis  clonga- 
tis,  pilosis.  Pursh,  1.  p. 
210. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1543.     AValt.  p.  118 


Cabjx  5  cleft.  Prtnh 
,"5.  Capsule  1  celk'd,  at 
the  .summit  5  valved. 
Seeds  numerous. 


Scapes  simple  ;  leaves 
orbicular,     tapering      at 
i)ase  ;      petioles 
hairy. 

Mich.  1.  p.  186. 


long, 


Annual.  Stem  0.  Leaves  all  radical,  lying  flat  on  the  ground 
and  forming  a  circle  abnut  an  inch  and  an  half  in  diametor,  nbovate, 
•wedge  shapetl,  rounded  at  the  summit,  tinged  with  a  rufcms  colour, 
covered  with  stiff  rufous  hairs,  each  of  which  exudes  from  its  jioint  a 
drop  of  fluid,  which  by  its  viscidity  detains  and  destroys  small  iiiKCcts. 
This  Quid  never  appearit  to  fall  from  the  liairs,  bat  is  secreted  nearl/ 


376 


TENTANDIITA  POL.YGYNIA. 


in  proportion  to  its  evaporation,  and  the  secretion  is  supposed  to  be 
greatest  in  dry  clear  weather  ;  hence  the  Drosera  has  acquired  the 
popular  name  o(  Sundew.  )Scajo<>s  2— S  inches  high.  Flowers  9.-  -5^ 
on  short  pedicels.  Corolla  white.  The  calyx  and  scape  have  the 
same  reddish  hue  that  distinguishes  the  leaves. 

The  brevifolia,  of  Pursh,  is  probably  only  a  variety  of  this  species, 

Grows  in  damp  soils,  bogs,  ike. 

Flowers  April.  Sundem. 

S.    LONGIFOLIA. 

D.  scapis  simplicibus  ;  1      Scapes  simple  ;  leaves- 
foliisspathulato-obovatis;  j  spathulate  obovate  ;    pe- 
petiolis  eloiigatis,  uudis.  j  tioles  long,  naked. 
Pursh,  1.  p.  Sil.  I 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p.  1544. 

Grows  from  Canada  to  Carolina  in  situations  similar  to  tlie  pre^ 
©eding. 
Flowers  June— July. 


3.  FonosA.     E. 

D.  caulescens ;  foliis 
eonfertis,  ovali!)us,  basi 
cuneatis  ;  petiolis  longis- 
simis,  nu'lis.     E. 


Bearing  a  stem ;  leaves 
crowded,  oval,  wedge 
sliaped  at  base,  on  long 
naked  petioles. 


Stem  4~  6  inches  high,  perhaps  creeping,  terete,  a  little  hairy,  un- 
divided .^  Leaves  crowded,  oblong,  small,  hairy,  as  in  the  other  species 
of  this  genus,  tapering  at  base  ;  peticdes  slender,  without  hair,  2 — 3 
inches  long,  with  subulate  stipules  at  their  base.  The  flowers  I  havft 
not  seen 

Found  by  Dr.  Macbride,  in  the  vallies  among  the  sa»d  hills  ui 
Ches'erfield  district,  South-Carolina. 

Mlov/Hrs 


IVW W*  WVV%^'VWV'\/V w\  vw 


POLYGYXIA. 


:|k/v%  A/v\  •w\.'x/v\ 'W\  <w\ -w\  fx/vx 


Calijx 
Kectaria 


0. 
5, 


ZANTHORHIZA. 


Petala  5. 
pedicellata. 


Cu^sul(E  5^  monospermse.  j  Capsules  5,  cue  geedecL 


Calyx  0.      Petals  5, 
Sectaries  5,  pedicellate. 


VENTANDRIA    POLYGYNlA.  377 

4.    AlMirOLIA. 

Sp.  i.l.  1.  p.  15G8.     Midi.  1.  p.  IS').     Pursli,  1.  p.  212. 

A  slirub  '2 — .1  feet  hii^'i,  beariii:;  many  siickeis.  Stftn  simple,  tht 
bark  smooth,  iilabroiis,  \v<»oil  \elluw.  Leaves  crowdcil  at  the  suiii'iiit 
of  the  stem,  tiiternatc  ;  leallets  sessile,  lanceolate,  acute,  douhlv  in- 
cised, the  upper  surface  glabrous,  the  under  ami  mar«;iti  pubescent  ; 
petioles  G — 8  inches  Ion:;,  dilatetl  and  amplexicaule  at  ba>e.  t'laic- 
ers  in  compound  racemes  below  the  leaves,  hlals  oblon:;,  <lark  pur- 
ple. tVfclaries  obovate,  two  lobed,  dark  purple,  alternating  with  the 
petals  and  about  lialf  their  length,  h'itnwfnts  short.  .1nllt>'rs  iiicum- 
benL  Gprno  generally  5,  sometimes  nioro  (7 — I  I,  Schr.)  superior, 
compressed,  slii^htly  incurved,  terminating  in  sl\ort  styles.  Stii^'nas 
siujplc.  ('apsides  as  many  as  the  style.i,  inllated,  compressed,  1 
celled,  ii  valved,  opening  at  the  oblique  sununit.  Seed  oblong,  com- 
pressed. 

Grows  in  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina,  near  the  mountains. 

Flowers  March — April.  Yellow  root. 

The  root  is  extremely  bitfer,  and  has  been  used  as  a  substitute  for 
Tolumbu.     It  also  yields  plentifully  a  yellow  colouring  matter. 


CLASS  VL 


HEXANDRIA. 

Moxoarmd. 

TRIGTKM. 

504. 

TILLANDSIA. 

230 

RUMEX. 

S05. 

TRADESCANTIA. 

231. 

NECTRIS. 

206. 

PONTRDERIA. 

232. 

TKTGLOCTIIN. 

SOT. 

PAN   RATI UM, 

233. 

MELANTHIUM 

ft08. 

AMARYLLIS. 

234. 

VERATRUM. 

S09. 

ALLIUM. 

235. 

ZIGADENUS. 

SIO. 

LILIUM. 

236. 

MELON  IAS. 

211. 

ERYTHRONIUM. 

237. 

TOFIRLDIA* 

212. 

UVULARI  \. 

238. 

NOHNA. 

213. 

STREPTOPUS. 

259. 

MEDEOLA. 

214. 

POLYGON  VTUM. 

240. 

TKILLIUM. 

215. 

SMILACLXA 

241. 

SABAL. 

216. 

CON  V  ALL  ARIA. 

242. 

CHAM^ROP»» 

217. 

HYPOXIS. 

218. 

ORNITHOGALUM, 

TETRAGYJ^IJL 

219. 

ALETRIS. 

220. 

ASPARAGUS. 

243. 

SAURURUS. 

221. 

YUCCA. 

222. 

AGAVE. 

UEXAGYA'^M. 

223. 

CONOSTYLIS, 

224. 

ACORUS. 

244. 

WENDLANDU, 

225. 

ORONTIUM. 

226. 

JUNCUS. 

FOLYGYJ^U. 

227. 

CAULOPHYLLUM. 

228. 

DIPHYLLEIA. 

245. 

ALISMA, 

^9. 

BERBERIS. 

«A/WWWV  JWVW  W  ■ 


TILLANDSIA. 


Calyx  8-fidus,  persis- 
tens,  siibconvolutus.  Co- 
rolla s-fida,  campanulata. 
Capsula  1 — 3  locularis. 
lamina  comosa. 


Calyx  3  cleft,  persis* 
tent,  somewhat  convo- 
lute. Corolla  3  cleft,  cam^. 
panulate.  Capsule  1 — 3 
celled.  Seeds  crowned 
with  a  tuft  of  hair. 


HEtVNDRiA    MONOCYT^A. 


drft 


1.    USNEOIDES. 

T.  peduiiculis  i.floris, 
brevibus  ;  caule  rainoso, 
ijliformi,  llcxuoso  pcii- 
dulo  ;  tbliis  siiI)uliito  lili- 
lorinibus.  Pcrsoon,  i.  p. 
31(5. 

Sp.pl.  2.  p.  1.5.    Walt.  p.  1 19. 


Peduncles  1  flowered, 
sliort  ;  stem  l)ranchingi 
filifv)!*!!!,  flexuous,  pendu- 
l()ii« ;  leaves  subulate, lili- 
fonn. 

Mich.  1.  p.  195.     Pursh,  1.  p.  217, 

PcriMinial,  parasitical,  takin:;  root  iti  the  fi>.surcsof  the  bark  of  trees. 
Stem  Inn;;,  coveie«l  ami  somewhat  r(»U!;nened  as  well  as  the  leavct 
with  inemhraiiaccous  scales  dottLMJ  in  the  cetitre  ;  the  centre  of  th* 
stem  and  leaves  composed  of  a  tilifurm,  black,  horny  tliread,  resein- 
blini;  the  internal  structure  of  the  Gor^^oai.i  and  otlier  zojphytei. 
leaves  like  the  stem,  nearly  terete.  Fluiccnt  solitary,  axillary,  ses- 
sile, viih  S  or  4  small  leaves  surroundin;;  their  base.  Caiij.v  and  co» 
rolla  divided  nearly  to  the  base  ;  segments  lauceolne,  membranaceous, 
of  the  same  len2;th.  Filaments  if  shorter  than  the  corolla,  and  in» 
scrted  between  the  9e;;mciiti.  Anthers  erect.  Germ  superior,  ob» 
lon^.  Style  half  as  Ions;  as  the  stamens.  Utigma  obtuse,  3  cleft. 
Capsule  nearly  cylindrical,  2 — 3  celled,  the  cells  separating  whea 
mature,  and  opening;  on  t!ic  interior  side.  Seeds  several  (3  to  9)  Ik 
eacii  coll,  oblong,  acute  at  each  end,  crowned  with  a  long  tuft  of  hair. 

Grows  on  every  tree  in  the  low  country. 

Flowers  through  the  summer.  Lcmg  mofi9. 

Black  cattle  cat  this  plant  in  winter  with  avidity,  and  sometimes 
rees  are  felled  thuins;  a  series  of  severe  frosts  to  place  the  moss  with- 
in their  reach.     The  moss,  when  dried,  is  beaten  until  the  bark  falls 
•ft' and  the  cartilac;i!ious  hair-like  fltxible  item  used  for  btuflin^  mat-' 
tresses,  chairs,  &.c. 


2.    B.VRTRAMir.       E. 

T.  foliis  subulatis,  ca- 
naliculatis,  ])riiin')sis,  c- 
rccti:?,  basi  dilatatis  carti- 
lai^iiicisquc  ;  scapo  sim- 
plici  foliis  brcviorc,  sum- 
niitate  billoro.     E. 


Leaves  «u])ulate,  chan^ 
nellcd,  hoary,  erect,  di- 
lated and  cartilaginous  at 
base  ;  scape  simple,  shor- 
ter than  the  leaves,  S 
flowered  at  the  summit. 


Tillandsia  monostachya  ?  Bartram's  Travels,  p.  59. 

Hoot  fibrou?,  insinuating  itself  into  the  bark  and  decaved  wood  of 
•Id  tree:*.  Leavet  about  a  foot  Ions,  subul.ite,  or  scmitcrete,  chan- 
nellc<l  on  the  inner  side,  covered  witl»  wliitlsli  leprous  scales.  Spike 
simple,  leafy  ;  the  upper  leaves  lancc(»late,  acuminate,  imbricate,  lug- 
ged at  base  with  piuk,  tht  labt  beaxiug  iu  iU  bonwrn  tw«  Moweftj. 


880 


HRXVNDRTA   MONOGYNIA. 


This  is  most  prob.ibly  the  Tillandsia  seen  by  Baitram  near  the 
Alatamaha.  It  )ias  lately  been  discovered  again  by  Lewis  Le  Conte, 
Esq.  in  Liberty  county,  Georgia,  growing  on  old  trees  in  the  Mortar 
hwamp,  to  whom  1  am  indebted  for  fine  specimens,  which  however 
had  only  bejiun  to  bud.  It  appears  to  me,  as  it  did  to  Mr.  Le  Conte, 
to  differ  from  any  species  described  in  Persoon,  tlie  latest  authoritjr 
to  which  we  could  refer 

It  resembles  more  the  figure  in  Sloan,  No.  122,  fig.  1,  than  his  fig- 
ure of  the  rerurvata,  ISo.  121,  fig.  1. 

Flowers  June. 


3.   Hecurvata. 

T.  foliis  subiilalis,  re- 
nii-vatis  ;  scapo  setaceo 
foliis  longiore,  summitate 
sub-bifloro.     Puish,  i.  p. 

8p.  pi   2  p.  15. 

I  insert  this  species  from  Pursh,  who  describes  it  as  a  parasitic 
plant,  growinij  on  old  trees  in  Georgia  and  Florida,  fornung  small 
tufts  and  covered  with  leprous  scales,  as  the  preceding  species. 
hiuwevb  purple. 

TRADESCANTIA.     Gen.  pl.  543. 


Leaves  subulate,  re- 
curved ;  scape  setaceous, 
longer  than  the  leaves, 
at  the  summit  generally 
;3  flowered. 


Cahjx  S-phyllus.  Pe- 
tain  8.  Filameiita  \illis 
articuJatis.  Capsula  3- 
locularis. 

\.    ViKGlNICA. 

y.  ere  eta,  subramosa  ; 
foliis  jonge  lanceolatis, 
canaliciilatis ;  florilnis  ca- 
pitulatis,  capiiulis  sessili- 
bus.     K. 

Sp  pl.2.  p.  16.     Mich.  1.  p.  193. 
T.  cristata,  Walt.  p.  1 19. 


CalijX  3  leaved.  P^- 
tals^.  Filame?its  xiWouSy 
with  jointed  hair.  Cap- 
sule 3  celled. 

Erect, branching;  leaves 
long,  lanceolate,  channel- 
led ;  flowers  in  heads, 
heads  sessile, 

Pursh,  1.  p.  218. 


l^fot  perennial,  creeping.  Stem  herbaceous,  succulent,  glabrouSi 
striate,  2  feet  high,  sometimes  branching.  Leaves  sessile,  long,  chan- 
nelled, glabrous,  when  young  ciliatc,  sprinkled  with  elevated  dots, 
embracing,  and  the  lower  sheathing  the  stem.  Flowers  in  terminal 
beads,  which  appear  to  he  divided,  and  the  flowers  ia  3  rows  in 


Ur.\*\NI)UlA   MONOCYNIA. 


^Ri 


^ach  <livision  ;  (he  interior  or  upp«T  flowers  first  open.  Leaves  of  the 
«/Mv»/i(iT»Hi  ~,  ioHi-in'tiii»ir  tlie  «»tl)er  Il'hvi'h  ;  pedicels  I  inch  lono-. 
Haly.v  persistent.  Pftal>  ovate,  twice  as  l«mi;  as  the  calyx,  purple  or 
rose  coloiircil.  expaiuiiri<«;  in  the  luorninir,  and  before  nooii  witherin"-. 
Filaments  shorter  tliaii  tlie  coro  la,  m.sertt'd  at  the  bu^e  of  tlie  germ, 
bc.iutifiilly  leathered  with  joiiite«<  down  of  the  same  colour  as  the  pe- 
tals, ^'inthers  incumbent,  crescent  shaped,  yellow.  Germ  superior, 
3  atif^led.  Stijh  as  lonji^  as  tlie  stamens.  Sli^ma  small,  capitate. 
Ciip^iilf  somewhat  3  an-^led,  3  celled,  3  valvcd.  Heeds  2?  in  each 
cell,  compres«<cd,  aMj:;led. 

Grows  siiaiiii;;ly  in  the  low  country,  glabrous ;  sent  to  me  from 
Pendleton,  by  .Messrs.  Perry  and  llrowii,  hairy, and  with  ciliatc  leaves 
and  involucruin. 

Flowers  April — June. 


Erect,  simple  ;  leaves 
linear  lanceolate ;  head 
Oil  peduncles. 

218. 


S.  RofiEA.     Mich. 

T.  erecta,  simplex  ; 
foliis  lineari-hmceolalis ; 
capitiilis  pcdiinculalis.  E. 

-    Mich.  1.  p.  193.     Pursh,  1.  p. 
T.  Virginica,  Walt,  p   119. 

Perennial,  cespitose.  Stem  S — 12  inches  high,  succulent,  simple. 
Leaves  at  their  base  sheathing  the  stem,  channelled,  glabrous,  dotted, 
hairy  at  the  throat,  when  young  ciliate.  Fluwers  in  a  terminal  capi- 
tuluin  on  a  peduncle  3 — 4  inches  lontr,  which  perhaps  is  correctly  only 
the  last  joint  of  the  stem;  pedicels  scarcely  an  inch  long.  Caly.ir 
glabrous,  leaves  lanceolate,  spotted.  Petals  3  times  as  long  as  tlie 
calyx,  of  a  bright  rose  colour.  iSferf  one  m  each  cell,  round  on  one 
side,  angled  on  the  other. 

This  is  a  much  smaller  species  than  the  preceding,  and  if  it  does 
not  creep  wouM  form  a  beautiful  border  plant  for  the  beds  in  a  flow- 
er irarden.     Grows  in  most  soils,  which  are   moderately  fertile. 

Flowers  May — August.  • 


PON  lEDERlA.     Gen.  pl.  .545. 


Corolla  1-petala,  O-fi  la, 
bilal/iata.  Staminn  3  a- 
pice  sive  tiibocorollie  in- 
sei  ta.  Capsula  3-locula- 
ris. 


Corolla  1  petal! ed,  6 
cleft,  2  lipped.  3  Sta- 
mens  inserted  on  the 
summit  or  tul)e  of  the 
corolla.   Capsule  3  colled. 


383 


HEXANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


Leaves  coi'date  ;  flow- 
ers ill  crowded  spikes. 


1.    Cor?  DATA. 

P.  foliis  cordatis;  flo- 
ribus  conferiis,  spicatis. 
Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  2S. 

Walt.  p.  120.     Mich.  1.  p.  193.     Piirsh,  1.  p.  223. 

Perennial,  cespitose.  Stem  0.  Lpaves  radical,  cordate,  obtuse, 
entire,  niembraiiaceous,  very  jjlabrous  ;  petioles  2  feet  long,  succu- 
lent, sheathin;^-  at  base  the  interior  leaves:  the  central  petiole  jointed, 
and  produritig  from  a  fissure  above  the  joint  the  spike  of  flowers. 
Spikfi  crowded,  buds?  3 — 6  flowered;  common  peduncle  clothed 
Avith  transparent  jointed  iiair.  Cnrntla  vilbms  on  the  outer  surface, 
blue,  the  upper  lip  3  parted  to  its  base,  the  lower  with  a  j-ellow  spot 
in  the  centre  and  3  cleft  at  the  summit.  Filnments  6 — 3  at  the  base 
of  the  tube  of  the  corolla,  apparently  attached  to  the  lower  lij),  3  at 
the  summit  of  the  tube  attach.ed  to  the  upper  lip;  all  short.  Jinthera 
erect,  blue  ;  pollen  yellow.  Germ  superior,  obovatc,  furrowed.  Style 
z>  long  as  tiie  corolla.  Stigma  obtuse.  {Seed  several  in  each  cell. 
Linn.i 

Grows  in  bojs  and  ditches. 

Flowers  April — .September.  Wampee, 


L.ANciFOLrA.     Miild 
f'oiiis  obloDgo  IcUice- 
fljribus  spicatis. 


Cat. 

Leaves  oblong  lanceo- 
late ',  flowers  in  spikes* 


2. 

P. 
olatis 
E. 

From  the  preceding  species  this  only  differs  in  the  leaves,  wl\ich  are 
"when  young  linear  lanceolate,  when  old  somewhat  ovate ;  the  spike 
is  produced  in  the  same  manner,  but  is  smaller,  arising  probably  from 
the  comparative  sterility  of  the  soil  in  which  usually  ^rows. 

Although  it  is  now  many  years  since  I  first  noticed  this  plant  grow- 
ing aroui^d  the  pine  barren  ponds  in  Chatham  county,  Georgia,  I  feel 
jet  a  doubt  whether  it  is  more  than  a  variety  of  the  P.  cordata. 

Flofters  May — June. 


PANCRATIUM.     Gen.  pl.  5j1. 


Corolla  supera,  infundi- 
bulilbriiiis,  tubo  longo. 
JVtctarium  i3-fidiim. 
Stamina  nectario  impo- 
sita. 


Corolla  suj)erior,  fun- 
nel shaped,  with  the  tube 
long.  JVectary  i^  clelt 
Stamens  placed  on  the 
nectary. 


jiEXANrmrA  monugvnia. 


38g 


1.    ISfETlCANrM  ? 

V.  spalha  suh.lifloia  ; 
foliis  ol)lon2:o-lanG(.olalis ; 
nectarii  dciitilnis  srx 
staminilVris,  intcrnirdiis 
siniplicibus.     Sp.  [)\.  l.p. 

Walt.  p.  120.     Mich.  1.  p.  188 


Spatlic  ji;cncrally  2 
flowci  I'd  ;  leaves  ()i)longj 
lanceolate  ;  six  teeth  of 
the  nectary  heariup;  the 
vtanuMis, six  iuteiiiicdiate 
simple. 

l\irsli,l.  p.  221. 


Jtnut  Imlb-Mis.  Leaves  Innj;,  s*ra|i  sh.ipcd,  ratlier  obtuse,  somewhat 
succulent,  ^l^hrous.  Scape  18-24  inchos  Uin<r,  iicneiallr  2  flowered 
in  its  native  snils,  when  rultiv:it«'(l  veiv  coimnoiil?  5—4  lowered, 
fihenth  sencrallv  composed  of  -1  [air  of  ihcjubranous  leaves,  the  inte- 
rior small.  Tube  of  tlie  corolla  5  inches  T'liv;,  tlie  bonier  six  parted, 
the  segments  linear  lanceolate,  as  Ion::  as  the  tube,  while,  ttn^jcd  on 
the  back  with  ureen.  Tube  fW  the  n-cinnj  very  short,  in^el(cfl  oa 
the  summit  of  tlie  tube  of  tlie  coioHa  :  bolder  half  the  lciii;tii  of  the 
corolla,  expandinjr,  very  delicate  and  membranous,  the  mar^rin  irre- 
gularly l'2partc«l.  six  teeth  extcndinj;  into  filaments, the  intermediato 
anjrle  obtuse,  undulate,  entire.  FiLniievts  as  Ion;;  as  the  c(»r<.lla,  cx- 
tei'i'lriii  dovTi  the  nectary  to  the  tube  of  the  corolla.  Germ  inlerior, 
3  Ji'i;Jed.  Stjiie  as  lona;  as  the  corolla,  oblique.  Stifi^ia  capitate, 
slightly  5  cleft.  Capsult  S  celled,  3  valvcd.  is'eed  many  in  each  cell, 
anu'ed. 

Our  Pancratium  has  been  figured  and  described  in  the  Botanical 
Iklacaziiie,  8:27,  as  the  P.  rotatuni.  1  have  not  the  means  of  deter- 
wininfr  v  hethcr  it  i.»  really  di.stinct  from  the  P.  mcxitanum.     Linn. 

The  texture  of  the  nectary  is  so  delicate  that  the  mar^^in  is  fre» 
Hucntly  torn  ;  this  occurs  even  in  t!ie  expansion  of  the  Uower  from 
the  slight  coherence  of  tiie  folds  in  the  bud  ;  but  the  margin  is  natu- 
rally entire. 

I  have  cultivated  plaTits  from  the  upper  country,  Aiii;usta,  Geor2;ia, 
and  the  river?  in  the  low  counti y  ;  ti  ey  have  ilittercd  much  in  the 
si/.e  of  the  rout  and  leaves,  but  m  the  llowcrs  I  could  [lerccive  no 
differenre. 

Dr.  Macbride  mentions,  that  in  the  Saritcc  !»wamps,  where  he  has 
been  most  acrus-tomed  to  .^^ee  thi>,  plant,  it  frecjucntlv  bears  more 
than  two  flowers.  In  the  Oiieerhwe  and  Savannah  rivers,  where  I 
aLll^e  jjenerallr  observed  it,  it  is  almost  invarui'jly  two  flowered. 

Grows  in  the  marshes  along  the  borders  uf  fresh  water  rivers. 

Flowers  April — May. 


2.    M.\RITIMUM. 

P.    ppatlia  nuilliflora  ; 
foliis  Uneaii-lauccolalis  j 


Spatlie  many  flowered; 
leaves  linear  lanceolate ; 


ys* 


MEXANDRIA    MONOGYNIA, 


nectaiii  dentibiis  duode-     the  nectary  with  12  teeth 
cim  non  staminiferis,    Sp.     not  beaiing  stamens. 
pi.  S.  p.  42. 

Walt.  p.  120.     Pursh,  1.  p.  222.    Catesby,  2.  app.  p.  5  t.  5. 

Scape  12— 18  inches  hi§li.  JVedary  {\xm\e\  shaped,  erect,  with  2 
teeth  between  each  filament. 

Seen  by  Catesby  in  the  Parachucla  Savannah,  St.  Peter's  parish^ 
South-Carolina. 

Flowers  June — August. 


AMARYLLIS.     Gen.  pl.  554. 


Corolla  hexapctaloidea, 
irregulaiis.  Filanifiita 
fauci  tubi  inserta,  declina- 
ta  (aiit  re(  ta),  insequalia 
proportione  vel  diiec- 
tione. 

1.'  Atamasco. 

A.  spatha  bifida,  uni- 
flora ;  corolla  campanu- 
lata,  sequali ;  pistillo  de- 
clinato.     Pers.  l.  p.  354. 

Sp.  pl.  2.  p.  51.    Walt.  p.  120. 


Corolla  neaily  0  petal- 
led.  irreji!;ular  Filaments 
inserted  in  the  throat  of 
the  tube,  declining  (or 
straiojht),  unequal  in  pro- 
portion or  direction. 

Spathe  a  cleft,  l  flow- 
ered ;  corolla  cum|)anu« 
late,  equal ;  pistil  decHn- 
ing. 

Mich.  1.  p.  187.    Pursh,  1  p.  222. 

JRoot  bulbous.  Leaves  linear,  entire,  somewhat  succulent,  concave, 
glabrous,  about  a  loot  long.  Scape.  6  inches  hiji;h,  I  flowered,  terete, 
not  springini;  from  the  centre  of  the  leaves  but  among  tl)e  lateral 
ones.  Spathe  1  leaved,  a  little  coloured,  opening  at  one  side,  2  cleft 
at  the  summit.  Calyx  0.  Corolla  6  petalled  ?  slightly  united  into 
a  tube  at  base;  petals  all  lanceolate,  acute,  equal,  wiiite,  the  three 
exterior  striate  and  tinged  with  pink  at  the  summit.  Filaments 
shorter  than  the  petals.  Jinthers  incumbent.  Germ  inferior,  pedi- 
cellate, nearly  cylindrical.  Style  longer  than  the  stamens,  leaning 
to  one  side  of  the  corolla.  Stigma  3  cleft.  Capsule  3  valved,  3  cel- 
led. Seeds  many  in  each  cell- 
Grows  generally  in  stiff,  clayey  soils. 

Flowers  March.  Mamasco  lilly.    Stagger-grass. 

Generally  supposed  to  be  poisonous  to  cattle,  and  to  produce  thc 
4isease  in  calves  called  "  staggers." 


HEXANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


38l( 


ALLIUM.     Gln.  PL.  557. 


Coro'Ia  G-partit;i,  pa- 
tens. Spdffia  nmltiHora. 
U'fibcJii  conj^cstu.  Cap- 
sula  supcra. 

i.    CvNAUENSL. 

A.  scapi>  mulo,  terrti  ; 
folii^  liiicarihiis  ;  capitiilo 
bi]|l)il'ero.  Sp.  pi.  3.  p. 
68. 

Walt.  p.  121. 

Jj>avefi  linear,  flat,  smooth,  strai^^ht,  about  a  span  lon^.  Scap?  tew 
rete,  scarcely  lotr^er  tlian  the  leaves,  f  apititlum  composed  of  bulbs. 
Floicers  lew.  podiceliate,  whiie.  Fetals  oval.  Utamens  siuij^le,  as 
lon^  as  the  corolla.     Linn. 

Grows  frosn  Canada  to  Carolina,     Pursh. 

Flowers  June. 


Corolla   0  parted,  ex- 

paiuliiin;.  Spiithc  many 
flowert'd.  IJnibcU  clus. 
icrcil.     Capsule  superior. 

Scape  naked,  terete ; 
leaves  linear  ;  head  bear- 
ing bulbs. 


3.  Cernuum.     Mubl.  Cat. 


A.  scapo  sul)ancipiti  ; 
loliis  lineai'il)us;  Uinbclla 
niuliillora.  nutante ;  stain- 
inibus  siinj)licibu.s,  exer- 
tis  ;  seminibus  solitariis. 
E. 


Scape  s'jmcwhat  anci- 
pitous  ;  leaves  linear  ; 
umbel  many  flowered, 
nodding  ;  stamens  sim- 
ple, cxsertcd  j  seeds  soli- 
tary. 


Bulb  tunicated.  Leavn  all  radical,  8 — 1-2  inrhns  lone;,  3  HncS 
wide,  flat,  striate,  sheathing  :»t  base.  Scape  1 — '2  feet  high,  slightly 
coinprt'ssed,  bent  near  the  suinnut.  Umlit-ls  many  flowered.  Petalt 
lanceolate,  rose  coloured,  h  ilamfnta  lonvPi'  than  the  petals.  .'!/«• 
titers  incutn')ciit,  simple.  &ti/le  as  Ion;;  as  the  stamens.  »Sfi^:na  binv 
pie.     l'npsu!f  nearly  globose.     Seeds  solitiiry.        \ 

Fo'ind  on  t  \c  mountains  of  Carolina,  by  Dr.  Macbride. 

Flowers  July. 


3     Sthixti'M. 

A.  scapo  nudo,  subtri- 
quetro  ;  tbliis  linearibns, 
concavis,  dorso   striatic ; 

A3 


Srapc  naked,  slightly 
3  angled  ;  leaves  linear, 
concave,  streak^id  on  the 


889 


HEXANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


corollis  patentibus ;  stam- 
inibus  simplicibus,  inclu- 


61S. 


back  ;  corolla  expanding ; 
stamens  simple,  included; 


Pursh,  1.  p.  22S.     Sp.  pi.  £.  p.  77. 
A.  inodorum,  Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  76. 
A.  fragrans,  Pursh,  1.  p.  222. 
A.  ornithogaloides,  Walt.  p.  121. 
A.  Canadense  ?  Mich.  1.  p.  194. 

Root  a  tunicated  bulb.  Leaves  all  radical,  glabrous,  a  little  succu^ 
lent,  6 — 8  inches  long,  2 — 3  lines  wide,  each  at  base  sheathing  the  in- 
terior leaves.  Scape  8 — 12  inches  long,  compressed.  Hpathe  2 
leaved  ;  leaves  ovate,  acute,  withering.  Flowers  8 — 10,  in  a  simple 
Bmbel ;  pedicels  2 — 3  inches  long.  Petals  oval,  white,  the  3  exterior 
Tather  larger  than  the  interior,  and  slightly  keeled  with  a  coloured 
midrib.  Filaments  unequal,  shorter  than  the  petals.  Anthers  in- 
cumbent, 2  lobed.  Germ  superior,  somewhat  cylindrical.  Style  as 
long  as  the  stamens,  Stigria  obtuse.  Capsule  S  celled,  5  valved-, 
■^itn  a  few  angular  seeds  in  each  cell. 

Grows  in  the  pine  barrens  of  Carolina  and  Georgia.  Unless  se»- 
verely  bruised,  this  plant  exhibits  none  cf  that  peculiar  and  penetrating 
odour  which  characterises  this  genus. 

Flowers  March — April. 


Scape  terete  ;  leaves 
linear,  flat;  umbel  many 
flowered  ;  stamens  sim- 
ple, included ;  seeds  soli- 
tary. 


4.  MuTABiLE.     Mich. 

S'  scapo  tereti ;  foiiis 
linearibus,  planis  ;  um- 
bella  multiflora  ;  stami- 
nibus  simplicibus,  inchi- 
sis  ;  seniinibus  solltariis  ? 

Mich.  1.  p.  195. 

Bulb  curiously  webbed  or  netted  with  intersecting  nerves.  Leaves 
12 — 15  inches  long,  very  narrow,  becoming  setaceous  near  the  sum- 
mit, membranous  and  sheathing  at  base.  Scape  2  feet  high.  Spat/ie 
S  leaved.  Fetals  lanceolate,  acute,  changing  from  an  obscure  green 
to  a  bright  rose  colour.  Filaments  shorter  than  the  petals.  Anthers 
incumbent,  simple.  Germ  globose  }  Style  as  long  as  the  stamens. 
Stigma  obtuse.  Capsule  nearly  globose,  i^eeds  (in  all  the  specimens  J 
have  seen)  solitary. 

Grows  in  wet  pine  barrens.  Rare  to  me.  Found  where  the  road 
leading  from  Beck's  Ferry  unites  with  the  Purysburgh  road.  Sent 
from  St.  Stephens  by  Dr.  Macbride. 

Flowers  May — June. 

I  have  not  seen  this  species  bearing  bulbs  ;  and  I  strongly  suspe(^* 
^t  Michaiu's  bulb-bearing  variety  is  the  A.  Canadense,  Linn. 


HE.tAN13RI\    MONOGYNU*. 


8jB7 


MLIUM.     Gt N.  vh,  55S. 


Corolla  O-pcUila,  cain- 
•fiaiiulata,  liiica  loiii:;iUiili- 
iiali  nectarifora  ;  laciiiiis 
s.i'pius  rcrtexis.  Cap^ida 
valviilis  pilo  caiiccllalo 
conncxis. 

1.  Cvtesbt:!.     Walt. 
L.  foliis  spursis.  linrari- 


Cornlla  G  petalled,  canw 
pauulatc,  with  a  longitu- 
dinal nectarilerous  line  ; 
the  segments  most  coin^ 
monly  rellccted.  Valves 
ol'  the  C(jpsidr  connected 
by  interwoven  hair. 

I.cavcs    scattered,    li- 


lanceolatis ;  caule  unillo-  |  near  lanceolate  ^  stem 
ro  ;  corolla  crecta ;  pc-  |  one  flowered  ;  corolla 
talis  longe  nnsiuiculatis,  |  erect  ;  petals  with  long; 
margine  undulatis,  apice  |  claws  and  undulate  inar- 
reflcxis.    Sp.  \)\.  i*.  p.  8(5.  |  gin,  rell.'ctcd  at  the  sum- 

I  niit. 

Walt.  p.  125.     Mich.  1.  p.  197,     Pursli,  1.  p.  228. 

Hoot  a  scaly  bulb  ;  scaica  ovate  lanceolate,  thick,  succulent.  Stem 
herbaceous,  erect.  feimpJc,  glabrous,  tt^-ete,  2  feet  lii^li.  Leaves  ses- 
sile, apprcssed,  crowded  near  the  middle  of  the  stem.  Flower  termi- 
nal. I'rlal^  ov;ite  lanceolate,  tapt-riiii;  at  ba^einto  a  claw  i\alt  an  inch 
lon^,  red,  bocojninj;  yellow  near  the  base,  and  variej;ated  with  dark 
brown  spots.  A^ctarif  ?  formed  of  a  small  melliferous  pore  at  the 
base  of  t!ie  petals.  Filaments  nearly  as  lonj;  as  the  petals.  Anthers 
inctimbent,  versatile.  Germ  superior,  obtusely  J  angled,  obtuse. 
atuU  as  I0115  as  the  stamens.  Stigma  thick,  capit;ite.  CajjSiUe  3 
celled,  T)  valved. 

Grows  in  flat  pine  barrens,  around  ponds. 

Flowers  July — Aujjust.  Cateshifslillij>, 

2.   Piin..VDi:i,piirri  M. 

L.    foliis    vcrticillatis  ;  |  Leaves    verticillate  ; 

florihus   erectis ;    corolla  |  flowers    erect  ;     corolla 
campanulata;  pctalis  un-  |  campanulatej  petals  with 
guiculatis.      Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  |  claws. 
1)0.  I 

Walt.  p.  \2:u     Pursh,  1.  p.  229. 
Stem  2  feet  hii;h,  glabrous.    Leaves  verticillate  and  scattered,  na»- 
Tow  lanceolate,  blightly  acuminate,  sometimes  oblique,  vithoutaerTf?, 


889 


HEXANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


Flowers  generally  solitary  fsomefimes  3  or  more,  Pursh.).  terminal 
Petals  spathulate,  laoceolale,  with  the  claw  long. 

Inserted  on  the  authority  of  Walter^  For  my  specimens  T  am  in- 
debted to  Mr.  Collins  of  Philadelphia,  and  Dr.  Bigelow  of  Boston. 

Flowers  July — August. 


3.  Canadensr. 

L.  foliis  remote  verti- 
cillatis,  lanceolatis,  triiicr- 
vibus,  subtus  ad  nervos 
subhirsutis  ;  pedunculis 
terminalibus,  elongatis. 
plerunique  ternis ;  corol- 
lis  cernuis,  caiiipanulatis, 
revolutis.     Pursh,  i.   p. 


I.caATs  remotely  veiti- 
cillate,  laF^ceolate,  3  nerv- 
ed, Iiiisute  along  the  un- 
der surlace  of  the  nerves ; 
pedunrles  termmal,  long, 
generally  by  tiirecs  ;  co- 
j  rolla  nodding,  campanu- 
late,  re  volute. 


229^  I 

Sp.pl.  2.  p.  89.     Mich.  1.  p.  I9r. 

Root  a  scaly  bulb.  Stem  2 — 4  feet  high,  terete,  glabrous.  J^avPS 
all  verticillate,  linear  lanceolate,  and  lanceolate,  3  nerved,  some- 
times acuminate.  Floivers  generally  by  threes,  terminal,  on  long 
reflected  peduncles.  Corolla  somewhat  campanulute,  levolute.  Pe- 
tals  lanceolate. 

Grows  in  the  rallies  among  the  mountains. 

Flowers  July — August. 


4.  Caroliniakum.     Mich. 
L.    foliis   verticillatis 


Leaves     verticillate 


and  scattered,  lanceolate, 
wedge  shaped  at  base  ; 
flowers  few,  terminal 
(l — 3);  peduncles  thick; 
corolla  revolute. 


sparsisque,  cuneato-lan- 
ceolatis ;  floribus  paucis, 
terminalibus  (1 — 3);  pe- 
dunculis crassis ;  coroilis 
revolutis.     E. 

Mich.  l.p.  197. 

L.  Martagon,  Walt.  p.  123. 

Root  a  scaly  bulb.  Stem  2  feet  high,  terete.  Leaves  verticillate, 
5—8  leaves  in  a  whorl,  with  scattered  leaves  interspersed,  obscurely 
S  nerved,  somewhat  succulent,  very  entire.  Flowers  terminal,  by 
threes,  in  pairs,  or  solitary.  Petals  long,  lanceolate,  very  acute,  the 
midrib  of  the  3  interior  petals  winged  ?  Corolla  orange  coloured, 
spotted  with  dark  purple. 

There  is  some  obscurity  in  this  species  ;  it  is  possible  that  it  is  the 
In.  supeil?ain,  growing  in  a  soil  not  favorable  to  its  full  expansion. 


irU.\ANDRI\  MONOCVNIA. 


38U 


T^xn  lioupvor  flouers  petuMallv  in  August,  the  L.  superbum,  in  the 
gai«lotis  in  l'harlf-.tuii,  lloucrs  in  Juim*. 

(intws  in  damp  soils,  in  the  low  country  of  Carolina.  Not  very 
common. 

Flowers  July-»August. 


Leaves  i2;]ubrous,  lower 
leaves  veiticillate,  the 
rest  scattered  ;  llowers 
rellecled,  in  a  j)yrainidal 
raceme;  corolla rcvolute. 


5.    SrPERBlM. 

L.  tnliis  p;Ial)ris,  imis 
veiticillatis  cjcteris  spar- 
sis  ;  florihus  raccmoso- 
pvraniidalis,  rcflexis  ;  co- 
rollis  re  vol  litis.  Sp.  pi. 
2.  p  8S. 

^Valt.  p.  123.     Pur-sh,  1.  p.  £30. 

Hoot  a  scaly  bulb,  producing  otfsets  at  some  distance  from  the 
parent  root.  Stem  4  —  8  feet  high,  terete,  glabrous.  Lower  leaves 
6 — 9,  in  a  whorl,  the  upper  scattered,  all  linear  lanceolate,  3  nerved. 
Coro//n,  as  in  all  of  our  species,  of  a  bright  orange  colour,  spotted 
with  dark  purple. 

A  splendid  species,  growing  sometimes  7 — 8  feet  high,  and  bearing 
30  to  50  flowers,  not  more  remarkable  f(tr  the  brilliancy  of  their  co- 
lour, than  for  their  graceful  arrungenu-iit. 

(Jrows  in  the  vallies  of  the  upper  country,  and  among  the  moun- 
tains. 

Flowers  July — August.  Superb  lilhj. 


EUYTHRONIUM.     Gen.  pl.  502. 


Corolla  G-petala,  caiii- 
panulata  ;  nectarin  tii- 
berculis  5,  petaloruni  al- 
tcrnoriiin  ba^i  adnatis. 

1.  Americanum. 

E.  stylo  clavato,  trig;o- 
no  ;  foliis  fij)ice  iiivolutis. 
Smith,  ill  Uces'  Cycl.  vol. 
14. 


Corolla  G  petalled,cain- 
paiuilate.  Kectarif  com- 
posed ol'  H  tiil)ercles.  at- 
tached to  the  base  of  the 
alternate  petals. 

Style  club  shaped,  8 
angled  ;    leaves  involute 

at  the  point. 


E.  lanccolatum,  Pursh,  1.  p.  231. 

E.  Dens  canis,  var.  r.     Sp.  pl.  2.  p.  OC. 

Mich.  1.  p.  1(>8. 

Anon,  pudic  ?   Walt.  p.  123. 


390 


HEXANDRIA  MONOGYNrA. 


Perennial.  Leaves  somewhat  radical,  lanceolate,  sheatliing  at  base^. 
stained  uith  purple,  involute  at  the  summit.  Hcape  8 — 12  inches, 
bearing  a  solitary  nodding  flower.  Calyx  0.  Petals  6,  3  exterior, 
reflected  from  about  the  middle.  JVectary  2  scales  at  the  base  of  the 
inner  petals.  Stamens  short.  Style  shorter  than  the  petals.  Stig- 
mas  3.     Capsule  nearly  globular,  3  celled,  3  valved.    Seeds  numerous.. 

Grows  in  the  upper  country  of  Georgia  and  Carolina.  Louisville, 
Georgia.     Mr.  Jackson. 

Flowers  March — April. 


UVULARIA.     Gen.  i>l.  500. 


Corolla  6  pctalled,  erect» 
A  nectariferous  cavity  at 
the  base  of  the  petals. 
Filaments  very  short. 
Stigvias 
sule  3  an 


8, 


long. 


Jed, 


Cap- 
8  celled. 


Corolla  6-|>etala,  erec- 
ta.  Kedarii  fovea  haseos 
petali.  FUamenta  brevis- 
sima.  Stigmata  3,  lon- 
ga.  Capsula  3-gona5  8- 
loculaiis. 

1.  Perfoliata. 

U.  foliis  perfoliatis,  el- 
iipticis,  obtusis ;  corolla 
campanulata,  intusttiber- 
cidata ;  antheris  aristatis. 
Smith, Exot.  Bot.  l.  p.  95. 
t.  49. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  94.     Mich.  1.  p.  199.     Pun^h,  1.  p.  231. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  erect,  8 — 12  inclics  high.  Leaves 
elliptic,  rather  acute,  having  many  nerves,  entire,  glabrous  ;  the  lower 
leaves  only  sheathes,  clothing  the  stem.  Flowers  {^w^  solitaiy,  axil'- 
lary,  nodding.  Calyx  0.  Petals  lanceolate,  pale  yellow,  roughened 
on  the  inner  surface  with  small  tubercles.  Capsule  somewhat  turbi- 
nate, trigonous,  truncate,  with  several  seeds  in  each  cell. 

Grows  sparingly  in  the  low  country.  I  have  seen  it  near  Beaufort 
in  fertile  soils.     More  common  in  the  upper  country. 

Flowers  April. 


Leaves  perfoliate,  ellip- 
tic, obtuse  ;  corolla  cam- 
panulate,  tubercled  with- 
in :  anthers  aw^iied. 


S.  Flava.     Smith. 

V.  foliis  perfoliatis,  el- 
liptico-oblongis,  obtusis, 
basi  undulatis  j    corolla 


Leaves  perfoliate,  el- 
liptic oblong,  obtuse,  un- 
dulate at  base  j    corolla 


II i:\ANDRl A    MONOGYNIA. 


391 


basi  attcnimta,  iiitns  sea-  tapcriuc;  at  base,  rou;2;h- 
brata ;  :j!illicris  aristalis.  ciumI  within  ;  anthers 
Siiiitfi,  Exot.    Iiot.    1.   [).     awncfl. 

ur.  t.  .10. 

PiUsh,  i.  p.  231. 

Floirers  lirger  <han   t!\o>e  of  the  U.  pciloliata,  and  of  a  brighter 
Yellow.     Pursli. 

Grov/s  iu  shadcil,  saiuly  soils,  Qom  New-Jersey  ti)  lower  Carolina.  I*. 
^lowers  May — June. 


3.    GUANDIILOUA  ? 

V.  foliis  perruliatis.  ob- 
longis,  aciitis ;  pctalis  u- 
trinquo  glabris  ;  anthcris 
siibmiiticis ;  nectaiio  sub- 
rotundo.  Smith,  Kxot. 
Bot.  1.  p.  99.  t.  5i. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  231. 

U.  perfoliata,  var  a.  Mich.  1. 


Leaves  perfoliate,  ob- 
loni!:,  acute  ;  petals  gla- 
brous on  both  .siirlaces  ; 
anthers  ^vithout  awns  ; 
nectary  nearly  round. 

p.  19D. 


A  plant  every  way  larger  than  the  prccoiiinj;  species,  and  more 
branched.  Leaves  very  obtuse  at  base,  acute,  sometimes  slightlv 
acuminate  at  the  summit.  Petals  oblong,  not  entirely  smooth  on  the 
inner  surface,  though  less  tubercled  than  in  the  preceding  species. 

The  specimens  in  mv  possession  were  collected  among  the  moun- 
tiins  by  Dr.  Macbride,  and  near  Athens,  Georgia,  by  Mr.  Green. 

blowers  in  the  spring. 


Leaves  of  the  same  co- 
lour on  both  sides,  oval, 
rounded  at  base,  an(l 
ftonieuhat  amplexieaule 5 
capsule  sessile,  ovate. 


4.  PrBnRL'L\.     Mich. 

U.  foliis  utriiique  con- 
coloril)U5,  ovali!)US,  basi 
rotundatis,  suhainplcxi- 
caulibus  ;  capsula  sessili, 
ovata.     Mich.  l.  p.  199. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  232. 

This  species  is  inserted  on  the  authority  of  Michaux.  I  have  spe- 
I  niens  sent  me  from  Athens,  by  Mr.  Green,  of  an  Uvularia,  8— J2 
jiches  high.  Stem  sheathed  near  tlie  base,  pubescent  and  sometimes 
divided  at  t!>e  summit,  slightly  angled.  Leaves  laJiccolate,  sessile, 
amplexieaule,  of  the  same  crjlour  on  each  side,  pubescent  along  thu 
margins.  Flowers  1  or  2  on  earh  stem,  ratlier  large,  smooth  on  the 
inner  surface,  on  peduncles  nearly  an  inch  long.  Do  they  belong  to 
tjus  species  ? 

Grow  3  on  the  mountains  of  Ccrolina.    Mich. 


SOS 


HEXANDRIA   MGNOGYNIA. 


Leaves  sessile^  lanceo- 
late oval,  glaucous  uut 
derneath ;  capsule  ovate, 
on  a  footstalk. 


5.  Sessilifolia. 

U.  foliis  sessilibus,  lan- 
ceolato-ovalibus,  subtus 
glaucis ;  capsula  stipitata, 
ovata.     Pers.  1.  p.  SftO. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  95.     Mich.  1.  p.  199.    Pursh,  1.  p.  231. 

Stem  8 — 12  inches  high,  generally  divided  near  the  summit,  with 
a  solitary  flower  on  one  branch.  Leaves  sessile,  somewhat  a.nplexi- 
caule,  many  nerved,  glabrous  on  the  under  surface.  Flower  on  a 
short  peduncle.    (Segments  of  the  corolla  flat,  smooth  within.     Pursh.) 

Rare  in  the  low  country  ;  commnn^in  the  upper.  Columbia;  Mr. 
Herbemont.     St.  Johns  ;  Dr.  Macbride. 

Flowers  May—Jupe. 


STREPTOPUS.     Mich. 


Corolla  6  petalled, 
somewhat  campanulate. 
Stigmas  very  short.  Ber- 
ry globular,  leathery. 

Leaves  amplexicaule, 
serrulate  ciliate ;  anthers 
short,  two  horned. 


Corolla  6-petala,  sub- 
cam  panulata.  Stigmata 
brevissima.  Bacca  sub- 
globosa,  coriacea. 

1.   ROSEUS. 

S.  foliis  amplexicauli- 
bus,serrulato-ciliatis ;  an- 
theris  brevibus,  bicorni- 
bus.     Mich.  1.  p.  201. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  232. 

Stem  12 — 18  inches  high,  divided,  glabrous.  Leaves  oval,  acumi- 
nate, many  nerved,  with  5  more  conspicuous  than  the  rest.  Flowers 
small,  axillary,  solitary,  on  short  geniculate  nodding  peduncles,  rose 
coloured. 

The  flowers  in  this  genus  are  more  numerous  on  each  stem  than  in 
the  genus  Uvuiarla. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina.     Dr.  Muhl.    Pursh.  i 

Flowers  May — July. 

For  my  specimens  I  am  indebted  to  the  kindness  of  Mr.  Kin  of 
Philadelphia. 


IIEXANDIIIA    MONOGYNIA. 


893 


Hoary  ;  leaves  sessile, 
somewhat  cordate  ;  pedU 
eels  by  piiirs. 


2.  L.\NM'GiNOsrs.     Mich. 

S.  iiicaiiu  ;  foliis  sessi- 
libus,  Mibeor  lalis  ;  pedi- 
cellis  jii^ciniiialis.  Mich. 
1.  p.  201. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  23*. 

Leaves  with  an  abrupt  and  long  acumlnitirtn.  Flower:*  three  times 
the  size  of  its  conveners,  of  a  ;;reenish  hue.  Berr>j  1  or  C  seeded, 
with  I  or  2  cells  abortive.     Mich. 

Grow!-  amon;;;  the  highest  mountains  of  Carolina.     Mich. 

Flowers  June. 


POLYliOWTUM.     Dcsfontaines,  in 
Mils.  Hist.  Nat.  y.  p.  VS. 


Corolla  ii:fera,  G  fila,  cy- 
lindricp.  FUauienta  tubo 
siipcriie  i'l^eiLa.  Bacca 
.c;lol)osa.  3-i  >cii1  'H^,  locu- 
lis  ^j-speriuis.  Flares  ax- 
illares. 

1.  BlFLORl^^r.     \Valt. 
P.   caule  tereti,   hcvi  ; 
foliis  alteniis,    sessilibus, 


Corolla  inferior.  6  rieft, 
cylinMrieal.  F'ila'ntn:>'  i\\- 
sertc.l  near  the  sum  ..r. 
jf  the  tube.  Berru  :;U»- 
bose,  3  celled,  ce  's  -Z 
si^eded.   Flowers  axilla,  y. 

Stem  terete,  smo'  ' 
leaves  alternate,   m;       , 


ed  ;    pti;! uncles   axiliury, 
solitary,  '^  ilowered. 

234. 


elliptico-lanccolads,     tri-  |  ellijitic  lance)!. i:i\;>  nfrv- 
nervibus;  pedunculis  ax- 
iilaribus,solilariis,  binoris. 

P.  angubtifolium  ?  Pur^h,  1.  p 
Convallaria  biilora,  Walt.  p.  VZ-l. 

Stem  IC  — 18  inches  lu^h.  Leaves  slightlv  aniplcxicaule,  j^iabrau^. 
Corolla  pale  velluw,  tipped  witli  ;;reen.  Perliaps  only  a  varirtv  lu 
tiie  succecdin;;^  ^pecies,  but  the  leaves  are  narrower,  and  tlie  peuun* 
cles  almost  invariably  2  th)wered. 

Grows  in  the  upper  country  j  in  the  lime  stone  lands  of  St.  JohnSj 
Aot  uncommon. 

Flower* 


B  8 


394 


BEXANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


Stem  terete :  leaves  al- 
ternate, amplexicaiile,  ob- 
long oval  ;  peduncles  ax- 
illary, many  flowered. 


2.    MULTIPLORUM. 

V.  caule  tereti ;  foliis 
alternis,  amplexicaulibus, 
oblongo-ovalibus ;  pedun- 
culis  axillaribiis,  multiflo- 
ris.     Pursh,  i.  p.  23-^. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  162.     Mich.  1.  p.  202. 

Leaves  large,  glabrous,  acute,  sometimes  a  little  ovate,  many  nerv* 
ed  (7).     Peduncles  long. 

Grows  among  the  mountains,  and  in  the  upper  country  of  Carolina 
and  Georgia. 

Flowers  May — July. 


3.    PUBESCENS. 

P.  caule  teretiusculo,  sul- 
cato  ;  foliis  alternis,  am- 
plexicaulibus, ovatis,  sub- 
tus  pubescentibus  ;  ped- 
unculis  axiilaribus,  subbi- 
floris.     Pursh,  i.  p.  234. 


Stem  nearly  terete, 
slightly  furrowed ;  leaves 
alternate,  amplexicaule, 
ovate,  pubescent  under- 
neath ;  peduncles  axilla- 
ry, generally  2  flowered. 


Convallaria  pubeacens,    Muhl.  Cat. 

Leaves  5 — 7  nerved,  3  more  conspicuous  than  the  rest.    Peduncles 
ghort.     Flowers  small. 

Grows  on  rocks  near  water,  from  New-England  to  Carolina.    PursU. 
Flewers  May — June. 


SMILACINA.     Desfontaines  in  Annal. 
Mus.  Hist.  Nat.  y.  p.  51. 


Corolla  infera,  6 -partita, 
patens.  Filamenta  diver- 
gentia,  laciniarum  basi  in- 
fixa.  Bacca  globosa,  3- 
locularis.  Flores  termi- 
nales  paniculati^  s,  um- 
bellati. 


Corolla  inferior,  6 
parted,  expanding.  Fila-^ 
merits  diverging,  inserted 
at  the  base  of  the  seg- 
ments of  the  corolla. 
Berry  globose,  3  celled. 
Flowers  terminal,  pani^ 
cled  or  umbelled. 


linXANDUlA  MONOGYNIA. 


S95 


1.  Umbellvtv. 

S.  foliis  nidicalihus  ob- 
loiigo-ovalil)us,  inurgiric 
ct  carina  ciliatis  ;  scapo 
pubcscciitc  ;  uinbclla  tcr- 
ininali ;  pcdiccllis  bractc- 
atis.     Pursh,  l.  p.  235. 

Convallaria  umbellulata,  Mich.  1.  p.  202. 

Root  creeping,  somewliat  tii'jerous.  Leaves  embracing  the  bafie  ot 
the  stem,  lary;e,  many  nervoti,  taperinj;  to  the  base.  Hcape  about  R 
foot  high.     Umbel  small,  terminal. 

(irows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina.     Dr.  Macbride. 

Flowers  May — August. 


Radical  leaves  oblong 
oval,  witli  the  margin  and 
keel  ciliate  ;  scape  pubes- 
cent;  umbel  terminal; 
pedicels  bracteate. 


2.    R\CEMOSA. 

S.  caule  tblioso  ;  foliis 

altcrnis,  sessilibus,  oblon- 

go-ovalibus,     acuminatis, 

nervosis,  pubescentibus  ; 

iloribus  termiiialibus  race- 

nioso-paniculatis.    Pursh, 

l.p.  234. 

Convallaria  racemosa,   Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  163 
p.  202. 


Stem  leafy  ;  leaves  al- 
ternate, sessile,  oblong 
oval,  acuminate,  neiTed, 
pubescent  ;  flowers  in 
terminal,  racemose  pani. 
cles. 


Walt.  p.  122.    Mkh.  K 


Stem  12 — 18  inches  high,  slightly  geniculate.  Leaves  many  nerv- 
etl,  with  three  more  conspicuous  than  the  rest.  Flowers  small,  crowd- 
ed on  the  racemes,  pale  white. 

Common  in  ilic  tipper  countrr.  Athens  ;  Mr.  Green.  Found  in 
St.  Stephens,  by  Dr  Slacbridc. 

Flowers  June — July. 

CONVALLARIA.    Gen.  pl.  573.    Dcsfontaines. 


Corolla  infera,  6-fida, 
campanulata.  Stamina 
corolla  brcviora,  ad  basin 
inserta.  Bacca  globosa, 
3-locularis,  loculis  l — 2 
spermis.  Scapus  raccmo- 
gus. 


Corolla  inferior,  r> -cleft, 
campanulate.  Stamens 
shorter  than  the  corolla, 
inserted  into  their  base. 
Bcrrfj  globose,  3  celled, 
cell?  1—2  seeded.  Scapr 
racemose. 


396 


HEXINDUIA    MONOGYNIA. 


Scape  naked,  smooth  ; 
leaves  ovate. 


i.     Majalis. 

C.  scupo  mnio,  Irevi ; 
foiiis  ovatis.  bp.  pi.  2. 
p.  160. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  232.     Mich.  1.  p.  201. 
Flowers  noddinp;  on  the  spike,  a  little  cimninulate,  white,  fragrant. 
Grows  on  the  highest  mountains  of  Caroli.ij. 
Flowers  May. 

HYPOXIS.     Gen.  pl.  5Qo. 


^patha  2  valvis.  Co- 
rolla 6-paitita,  persistens, 
supera.  Capsula  elonga- 
ta,  basi  angiistior.  Smii- 
na  subrotunda,  niida. 

1.  Erect  A. 

H.  pilosa ;  scapo  sub- 
quadrifloro,  foiiis  lineari- 
subulatis  breviore  ;  pe- 
dunculis  flore  duplo  lon- 
5p.  pl.  3.  p. 


Spat  he  ^  valved.  Co- 
rolla  6  pant>^ ,  persistent, 
superior.  Capmle  long, 
narrowed  at  base.  Seeds 
nearly  round,  naked. 

Hairy ;  scape  general- 
ly 4  flowered,  shorter 
than  the  linear  subulate 
leaves  ;  peduncles  twice 


as  long  as  the  fiowci*. 


gioribus. 
lOG. 

Walt.  p.  121.     Pursh,  1.  p.  224. 
H.  Carolinensis,  Midi.  1.  p.  188. 
H.  graminca  ."'  Pursh,  1.  p.  224. 

Hoot  a  sinall  solid  ixilb.  Leavps  all  radical,  subulate,  entire,  chan- 
nelled, hairy,  3  nerved,  slightly  dotted,  3 — 6  inches  long,  2  lines 
wide.  Scrpp  2 — 4  inclies  long,  1 — 4  flowered,  sleinier.  somewhat 
compresspcl,  iiairy.  tedunclt^^  half  an  inch  iou'jr,  witli  a  subulate  sti- 
pule at  base.  Petals  expand in^-.  veilow  on  tie  imna  surfiice,  green 
on  the  outer,  twice  as  long  as  the  genu.  Filcnnents  unequal,  3  half 
as  long  as  tlie  corolla,  3  shorter.  Jinihers  incumbent.  Style  short, 
somewhat  conic.  Stigma  gland:. lar,  placed  aloiig  tiie  sides  of  the 
style.  Capsule  3  celled,  3  valved.  iieads  numerous  i.i  each  cell, 
ovate,  attached  to  a  central  receptacle. 

As  the  flowers  begin  to  expand  as  soon  as  they  rise  to  the  surface 
oftiie  eartii,  the  plant  has  probably  in  tids  slate  been  tako.i  'oi  a  ;]istinct 
species, and  formed  the  li.  sessilis.    Ddl.  Hort.  Elth.  t.  viO.  f.  38r. 

Grows  in  close  soils,  very  common. 

Flowers    .Jarch — April. 

I  have  lately  fuund  a  variety  in  a  very  rich  flat  soil  en  the  margin 
of  the  Ogcechee,  in  which  the  bulbs  were  nearly  an  ^ach  in  dia  jetrr^ 
tiiC  scape  a  foot  high,  and  umbell'Terous  j  yet  size  app'ared  to  be  its 
only  distinction. 


IfEXVNDRfA    MONOGYNIA. 


897 


2.  FrLiFOi.iA.     E. 

H.  foliis  suhtiiquetro- 
filitonnihiis,  pilosis  ;  sni- 
pispleruinfi'ie  l)in.)ris.  K. 


Leaves  niir()rm,soinowbat 
3  an,:j;lcd,  hairy  ;  scape 
j^cncially  2  llowercd. 


leaves  6—10  iiulies  Ion  ;,  scircely  larger  tlian  a  thread,  very  liairj, 
sli<;htl\  furrnvvetl  on  tlie  inner  nide.  S-:niiP  6 — 8  inches  Ion:;,  I — 3 
flowered,  coinmoalv  bearinir  Ijut  '2.  /'c?f/«Hc/<'>  nearly  an  inch  long. 
Stamens  proportionally  sliorter  than  in  tlie  preceding  species.  '*itig' 
mas  3,  nearly  acute,  ^land'jlar. 

Grows  in  verv  sandy  sods;  near  O^cechee  ferry;  Camberland 
Island;   >Ir.  Lyon.     Fjo;)isville,  Georgia  ;  Mr.  Jackson. 

Flowers  March — April. 


Leaves  cliannelled, 
hairy,  very  enlire ;  scapes 
one  liowercd. 


3.  JijNCCA.     Smith. 

H.  loViis  canalir  ilatis, 
pilosis. inlci^cnifnis  ;  sea- 
pis  unifloris.  Sp.  pi.  2. 
p.  110. 

Piash,  1.  p.  2-24. 

This  species  is  said  to  grow  in  the  bogs  of  Carolina,  and  to  have 
been  iotrodjced  into  Ent:;land  by  Mr.  Fraser.  As  it  is  cultivated  ii^ 
tiie  ^.irden  at  Kcw  and  has  t'lercfore  been  seen  in  a  living  state,  the 
hi^h  .luthority  of  Sir  J.  R.  Smith  must  Rive  it  a  place  ainoii;^  our  spc- 
i  io.'.  1  have  not  myself  >^ecn  any  species  strictly  one  flowered,  but  it 
IS  not  rare  to  see  plants  of  the  H.  erecta  having  but  one  flower. 


ORXITHOGALUM.     Gen.  pl.  o(56. 


Corolla  0-petala,  erec- 
ta, persistens,  supra  me- 
(11 1 1  in  pa(ciis.  Filtuncnta 
basi  (lilatata  Capsulu 
subrotunda,  an'i;iilata,  3 
locularis.  Semina  sub- 
rotmida,  nuda. 

i.    C  HOC  KIM. 

O  ?  rtonl)us  raccmosis  ; 
filamcnlis  subulatis  ;  pe- 
diinculis  floic  diiplo  loii- 


Corolla  G  jictailcd,  e- 
rect,  persistent,  expan'l- 
in^  near  the  sunnnit. 
Filamt'iits  dilated  at  base. 
Capsule  nearly  round, 
(inglcd,  3  celled.  Seeds 
nearly  round,  naked. 

Flowers  in  racemes ; 
filaments  siil)ulate ;  pe- 
duncles twice  as  loni!;  a- 


308 


IIEXANDRl  A    MON  o  GYNIA. 


gioribiis  ;  bracteis  brevi- 
bus  ,•  foliis  linearibus,  gla- 
bris.     E. 


the  flower ;  bracteas 
short ;  leaves  linear,  gla- 
brous. 


Phalangium  croccum,  Mich.  1,  p.  196.     Pursh,  1.  p,  226. 

Root  bulbous.  Leaves  12 — 18  inches  lon^,  linear,  nerved,  flat.. 
Scape  shorter  ?  than  the  leaves,  terete,  glabrous.  Flowers  in  s^ 
terminal,  loose  raceme-  Peduncles  about  an  inch  long,  tlie  upper 
ones  frequently  by  pairs.  Bracteas  ovate,  short,  not  one  fourth  of 
the  length  of  the  peduncle.  Fetals  oval,  obtuse,  white  .^  Stamens 
shorter  than  the  petals.  Germ  superior.  Style  very  short,  simple. 
Sti o'7na  obtnse.    ('%erf  nearly  globose,  black,  smooth,  shining.  Mich.) 

From  specimens  sent  from  Louisville,  Georgia,  by  Mr.  Jackson. 

Flowers 

The  genus  of  this  plant  is  perhaps  doubtful.  Yet  from  its  bulbous 
root  and  rounded  seed,  it  would  appear,  notwithstanding  its  subulate 
filaments,  to  belong  to  Ornithogalum  rather  than  Phalangium. 


ALETRIS.     Gen.  pl,  57i). 


Corolla  subcampanu- 
lata,  rugosa.  Filainenta 
laciniariim  basi  ijiserta. 
Capsula  corolla  marcida 
vestita,  3  locularis,  poly- 
sperma. 

1.  Farinosa. 

A.  floribus  pedicellatis, 
oblongo-tubulosis ;  corol- 
la marcida  Iseviuscula. 


Corolla  somewhat  cam- 
panulate,  rugose.  Fila- 
ments inserted  into  the 
base  of  the  segments. 
Capsule  clothed  with  the 
withering  corolla,  3  cell- 
ed, many  seeded. 

Flowers  pedicellate, 
oblong,  tubular;  the  de- 
caying 


corolla     nearly 


smooth. 


Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  183.     Walt.  p.  121. 

A.  alba.  Mich.  1.  p.  189.      Pursh,  1.  p.  225. 

Moot  tuberous,  perennial.  Stem  0.  Leaves  all  radical,  expanding, 
oblong  lanceolate,  acute,  entire,  membranaceous,  glabrous,  perennial  ? 
3 — 5  inches  long,  5 — 8  lines  wide.  Floivers  in  a  spike,  not  crowded; 
Scape  2— 2i  feet  high,  terete,  furrowed,  glabrous,  slightly  viscid, 
furnished  with  a  few  small,  subulate  scales.  Peduncles  scarcely  more 
than  the  attenuated  base  of  the  flower.  Corolla  white,  rough,  as  if 
sprinkled  with  coarse  meal.  Stamens  and  styles  very  short.  Jnthers 
sagittate.     Seeds  small,  oblong,  attached  to  a  central  receptacle. 

Grows  in  damp  pine  barrens.     Common. 

Flowers  May — June.  Star-graBf, 


HRXANDUrA   MONOGYNIA. 


399 


2.  Arm: A.     Walt. 

A.  norihus  siibscssili- 
bus,  brovitcr  luhulosis, 
su!)cainpa!Uihitis  ;  corolla 
marcida  iuji;osa,  scabci*- 
rima. 


Flowers  nearly  sessile, 
somewhat  cainpaiuilate, 
with  short  tubes  ;  the  de- 
caying corolla  rugose, 
veiv  scabrous. 


Walt.  \).  121.     Mich.  1.  p.  190.     Pursh,  1.  p.  2^2.5, 

I  have  uHcd  the  characters  of  Michaux  fi)r  these  two  species  with- 
out beinp;  satisfied  with  tlieni.  Except  in  the  colour  and  iii!;ure  of  tlie 
corolla,  iliere  is  no  dift«'rence  wliich  I  have  been  able  to  discover. 
The  flowers  of  both  species  are  attacheil  to  the  scape,  bv  the  attenu- 
ated base  of  the  corolla,  varving  perliaps  as  much  in  individuals  as 
in  plants,  and  even  in  roughness  thev  <lo  not  diUVr  materially.  The 
*»  Statio  alia"  and  "tempus  diversuni  Horesconfiu;"  of  ^Val((■I,  do  not 
strictly  apply,  for  I  have  seen  them  mingled  in  great  prolusion  in 
tlie  same  pine  barren,  and  flowering:  together  :  but  I  have  seen  the 
A.  aurea,  in  Bryan  county,  Georgia,  growing  in  very  dry  oak.  laud,  a 
situation  in  which  the  A.  farin(»sa  is  rarelv  if  ever  found. 

Grows  commonly  in  damp  pine  barrens. 

Flowers  May — June. 

Star-f^rass,  (so  called  from  the  disposiflon  of  the  radical  leaves.) 
Tne  root  of  both  these  plants  is  a  harsh  bitter,  and  is  often  given,  in- 
fu-ed  in  vinegar,  with  success  in  intermittents  attended  with  dropsi- 
cal swellings.     When  given  in  sufiicient  quantity  it  acts  as  a  purge. 


ASPARAGUS.     Gen.  pl.  573. 


Corolla  infera,  6  partita, 
erecta,  laciniis  :j  interiori- 
biis  apicc  rcflexis.  Bac- 
ca  3-locularis,  polyspcr- 
111  a. 

1.    Of*"ICINAMS. 

A.  caule  berbaceo,  in- 
•crmi,  erecto,  tercti;  foliis 
setaceis,  niollibus  ;  stipu- 
lis  subsolitariis.  Sniitb, 
Flor.  Brit.  l.  p.  369. 

Sp.  pl.  2.  p.  150.     Pursh,  1.  p.  235. 

Root  herbaceous,  creeping,  throwing  forth  a  profusion  of  thick,  suc- 
culent fibres.    Mfm  herbaceous,  4—6  feet  high.    Leaves  in  fascicles, 


Corolla  infeiior,  6  part- 
ed, erect,  the  3  interior 
segments  reflected  at  the 
suniniit.  Bevvy  3  celled, 
many  seeded. 

Stem  herbaceous,  un- 
armed, erect,  terete  ; 
leaves  setaceous,  soft ; 
stipules  generally  solita- 


400 


HEXANDRIA    MONOGYNrA. 


3 — 5.  Pediincles  bv  pairs,  one  flowered,  pendulous,  jointed.  Coroliu 
campanulate,  the  interior  petals  the  longest.  Linn,  FUwers  dioi- 
cons.     Willd. 

This  fine  vegetable,  a  native  originally  of  Europe,  i"^  now  natural^ 
ized  in  our  country.  It  grows  freeij  around  enclosures  and  in  pas- 
tures where  the  seed  is  deposited  by  birds- 

Grows  in  most  soils,  preferring  tho  je  which  are  moderately  dry. 

Flowers  through  the  summer.^ 


YUCCA.     Gen.  pl.  580. 


Corolla  campanulato- 
patens.  i^tyhis  nulliis. 
Capsula  3-loculaiis. 

1.     FlLAMENTOSA. 

Y.  acaulis  ;  foliis  lance, 
olatis,  integerrimis,  niar- 
gine  filamentosis ;  stig- 
iTiatibus  recurvaio-paten- 
tibus.     Pursh,  i.  p.  S27. 

Sp.  pl.  2.  p.  184.     Walt.  p.  124 


Corolla  campanulate, 
expanding;.  Style  0.  Cap*- 
side  3  celled. 

Stemless  ;  leaves  lan- 
ceolate, entire,  with  the 
margin  filanientose  ;  stig- 
mas recurved,  expand- 
ing. 

,     Mich.  2.  p.  196. 

Perennial ;  producing  its  leaves  almost  from  the  surface  of  the 
earth.  Leaves  1 — 2  feet  long,  H  inch  wide,  acute,  but  not  rigid, 
nor  terminating  in  a  spine  ;  the  margin  serrulate  and  bearing  long 
threads,  t!'at  appear  to  detach  themselves  from  its  surface.  Scape 
7 — 8  feet  >  ig:  ,  terminating  in  a  long  panicle  of  white  flowers. 

Grows  in  ijose,  rich  soils,  not  confined  to  the  sea  coast.  The 
leaves  of  tiii",  plant  twisted  aijd  tied  together  are  used  for  strings, 
ropes,  arid  even  *  aVdes  for  small  boats.  It  a])pears  to  possess  the 
strongest  fibres  of  any  vegetable  whatever,  and  if  it  can  be  raised 
with  facility  may  form  a  valuable  article  in  domestic  ceconomy. 

Flowers  August.  Silk  g-rass.     Bear  gruss. 

The  root  is  substituted  for  soap  in  washing  woollens. 


2.  Gloriosa. 

Y.  caulescens  ;  foliis 
lanceolatis,  plicatis,  inte- 
gerrimis ;  petalis  lanceo- 
latis.    Pursh,  1.  p.  228. 


Bearing  a  stem  ;  leaves 
lanceolate,  plaited,  very 
entire ,  petals  lanceolate 


Sp.  pl.  2.  p.  X83.    Walt.  p.  124,      Mich.  1.  p.  196. 


PIIII. 


Ma/vsa/s  I7r/////^^/'^/s 


N?l. 


Sa'rpus  ^i/adra??yu/a/f/s 


Die  •/f/vmr/zf?  /jfr/f •orr/^/ir///'/ 


PI.  IV.  N91 


^  'f  //f// /•//. r  7W/u//f'/Wr.\  hy//u////r//yrf  \/r/r/rK syjrrr///? 


IIEXINDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


40 1 


Iloul  vorv  tliick.  Stem  frutesrcnt,  tli'uk,  simple,  erect,  2—4  (cct 
•Tii>;li,  succulent,  rouulieiietl  below  with  llm  iml)iicatc  bases  ofjiecu^ej 
It'avi's.  Leaven  alternate,  crowded,  expaiidin;:,  lonp,  lanceulare, 
ri;;id,  very  atiito,  thick,  soineuhat  hucculciit,  with  the  inar{;iris  very 
entire  h'lnn'Pi'>  in  a  laru;e,  tcnniual,  j>vraiii(lal  panicle  il — ^  feet 
'iin;r»  coinpimcd  ot  niniplc  racemes*, -4 — 7  flowers  on  t'le  lower  racemes; 
pedicels  ^cnerallv  aixtut  an  inch  Ion;;,  with  '2  btipules  at  the  base. 
f'ahi.i-i).  ('o;-o//n  IJ  pcfalled  ;  petals  iuriceolate,  acute,  white,  spa- 
iii'.^lv  ciliate.  Sfamtus  pci-isteiit.  /*'i/nnir»/.s- half  as  \uujs,  as  <he  co- 
rolla, tliick,  compressed,  pubescent,  ^inf Iters  sa'j;i»tat<',  incumbent. 
irtrm  superior.  Sli^ma<  d.  concave,  2  cleft,  obtuse.  Cajisiile  ob\on'^, 
Jabrous,  pulpv.     •f^teds  in  2  lows  in  each  valve. 

Grows  on  the  u)ar;;in  of  tin*  ocean,  on  the  loose  sand. 

Flowers  Mav — Auyrust. 


Bearino;  a  st(nii.  l)ran(ih. 
ii)o; ;  leaves  lanccolati^ 
<:i  cmilatc.  sirict,  wlienold 
iKjduiii;!:. 


3.    DlJVCOM^f 

Y.  caul'.vsceiKs,  raniosa  ; 
fuliis  laiceolatis,  creiuila- 
li.-.  siriclis,  vcti'ii!)us  nii- 
tantil)iis.     Sp.    pi.    :^.   p. 

18  i. 

V.  Aloifolia,   Walt.  p.  H4.     Mich.  1.  p.  196.     Pursh,  1.  p.  228. 

A  larne  shrub,  sometimes  10 — 12  feet  iiigli,  when  old  becnniin* 
Tiaked  at  tue  ba-e  :  in  many  respects  .similar  t.i  the  precedin;^,  but  tlie 
L'aveg  are  ntore  rii^iii,  t.ie  tcr.uiial  hpinc  (if  i-  mav  be  so  railed) 
-iron^^er,  and  tiie  mar^i  is  rigid  and  ruij;liencd,  (crenulate),  tiic 
vojng  Uaves  arc  eiect  and  expanding,  the  «dd  ones  snnieti  i  e3 
liend  about  toe  middle,  as  if  unable  to  ^ujiport  tlie  weii^ht  of  their  sum* 
mits,  but  ji^enerally  dro  ip  and  ponit  to  tne  earth  bclore  they  decay. 

Cirows  aloiij:;,  tiie  sea  shore,  irefiueritly  minj.led  with  the  preceding 
species;  both  are  ornamental  plants,  ami  have  been  tried  lor  hedges^ 
but  they  become  loo  soon  naked  at  tlie  base. 

Flowers  May — August. 


4.   IIeci  iivii  ui.i.\.     Salisbui-V'. 


Y.  cauk'sccns  ;  Ibliis 
lineari-Iuiiccolalis,  rccur- 
\u-iltllL*xis5  niaiginc  raro 
JilaiiRiitosi.s;  pciulis  inlc- 
rioiiljuslaliuiJinis.  i'urbli, 
1.  p.  2:JW. 


Bearing  a  stem  ;  leaves 
lii^car  lanceolate,  recurv- 
ed, dellectcil,  with  tlie 
margin  sometimes  iila. 
menio.sc  ;  the  interior 
petals  wider  tuaa  the  ex- 
terior. 


c  J 


40 S  HEXANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 

Stem  about  3  feet  high.     Flowers,  as  in  all   our  species,   white, 
tinned  occasionally  "with  green  and  purple. 
Grows  on  t''i^e  sandy  shores  of  Georgia. 
Flowers  July— August. 


AGAVE.     Gen.  pl.  583. 


Corolla  supera,  0 -par- 
tita, erecta.  Filamenta 
corolla   longiora,  erecta. 


Corolla  superior,  0 
parted,  erect.  Filaments 
longer  than  tlie  corolla, 
erect.     Anthers  versatile. 


Jlnthercc  versatiles.  . 

1.    VlRGINICA. 

A.  acaulis,  lierbacea  ;  |  Stemless,  herbaceous  ; 
foliis  cartilagineo-sei'i'a-  |  leaves  with  cartilaginous 
tis ;  scapo  simplicissimo.  ]  serratures  :  scape  sim- 
pers. 1.  p.  380.  I  pie. 

Sp.  pl.  2.  p.  193.    Walt.  p.  121.    Midi.  1.  p.  187.    Pursh,  1.  p.  2£6. 

B.oot  perennial,  tuberous,  pi-a^morse.  Kadical  leaves  long,  lanceolate 
acute,  very  smooth,  succulent?  stem  leaves  semiamplexicaule,  acute, 
resembling  scales.  Scape  4 — 6  feet  high,  terete,  glabrous.  Flow'* 
prs  sessile.  Calyx  0.  Corolla  fragrant,  of  an  obscure  yellow  co- 
lour, tubular,  lurrowed ;  segments  shorter  than  the  tube,  acute. 
Filame7its  spotted,  twice  as  long  as  the  corolla,  inscited  into  its  base. 
Style  terete,  shorter  than  the  falamcnts,  spotted.  Capsule  globular, 
slightly  3  furrowed,  3  celled,  3  valved.  »SVec?.s  numerous,  compressed, 
angular,  £  rowed  in  each  cell,  attached  to  a  central  receptacle. 

Grows  in  pine  barrens. 

Flowers  July.  Virginian  Jigave — Battle  Snake^s  Master. 

Thick-lewced  Snake  root. 

The  root  is  bitter.  In  some  neighborhoods  it  is  given  in  tincture  as 
31  remedy  for  flatulent  colick,  and  as  such  seems  deserving  of  notice. 


CONOSTYLIS.     Brown. 

Corolla  6-fida,  persis-  |.  Corolla  6  cleft,  persis- 
tens.  Anthercc  erectpe.  |  tent.  Anthers  erect  Style 
Stylus  conicus.  Stigma  |  conic.  Stig7?ia  simple^ 
simplex.  Capsula  apice  |  Capsule  free  at  the  sum- 
libera,  dehiscens,  3-locu-  |  mit,  gaping,  3  celled,  ma-> 
lariS;  polysperma,  |  ny  seeded. 


ITEXANDRIA    MONOCYNIA. 


403 


1.  Americana,     rursh. 

C.  corollis  intiis  lanatis  ;  |  Corolla  woolly  within; 
scapiscorvmhoso-panicu-  |  scapes  corymboee  pani- 
latis  ;  foliis  cnsirnrinil)!!^  \  ciilatc  ;  leaves  sword 
^laiicis  ;  lilanieiUls  ii'qtia-  |  sliapod,  G;laucou3  j  lila^ 
lil)US.     Pursli,  1.  p.  :i2\'.  j  incuts  equal. 

Jtoot  fibrous,  crcepinp:.  Itnlical  leaves  shorter  than  the  ftcapc,  nar- 
row, aciito.  fjliibrous.  Scape  terete,  erect,  tornentose,  furnished  with 
I  or  "-2  shurt  leaves.  Floni'rs  in  tlie  coryint)  crowiliid.  Sej^ments  of 
the  cornlla  o'jlons;,  acute,  glabrous  and  yellow  near  the  summit,  to- 
mfntose  or  woolly  near  t!ie  base.  Filjvieyits  6,  j;lal>fous,  near- 
ly as  htiiij  as  the  corolla.  Germ  nearly  round,  i;labrous.  Style  sub- 
ulate, divisible  into  3.  as  loni;  as  the  fdaiiieiits.  Stii^tna  simple.  Purah.. 

Grows  in  boggy  soil^,  in  the  pine  barrens  of  New-Jer3cy  and  Car(j* 
Una.     Pursh. 

Flowers  July. 

ACORLS.     Gen.  pl. 


Spadix  cylindrical,  cov- 
ered \Nith  florets.  Corolla 
6  petalled,  naked.  Styld 
I).     Capsule  3  celled. 

The  summit  of  the 


Spudix  cylindricus,  tec- 
tiis  flosculis.  CornllfV  0- 
pctalic,  niuhr.  Sli/lus  0. 
Capsula  ;}-locularis. 

1.  Calamus. 

A.  scapi  mucronc  lon- 
gia.^iuio,  foliacco.    Sp.  pl.  |  scape  long,  ieaflike. 
;2.  p.  199.  I 

Walt.  p.  1:4.     Mich.  1.  p.  IP-I.     Purrh,  1.  p.  2,^,5. 

Hoot  tuberous,  perennial.  Lmvea  sword  shaped,  very  acute,  an- 
cipitous,  5lal)rous,  entire,  wit!i  the  midrib  prntiunetit.  Scape  about  a 
foot  hish,  3  an;;5kMl,  concave  on  one  side,  v.  ilh  the  summit  llattened 
and  rescmblinii:;  the  leaves,  /•'loiveri^  on  a  cyrmilrical  spadix,  2 — 3 
inches  lon»,  protlur.ed  near  the  summit  of  t!;c  scape.  Petals  ovate,  ob- 
tuse, short,  pale  yellow.  Filaments  longer  than  the  petals.  Anthevs 
erect.  The  stamens  rise  and  discharge  the  pollen  by  turns,  liot  at 
the  same  time,  derm  thick,  superior.  Stigma  obtuse,  like  a  glan- 
dular point.     Seech  many  in  each  cell. 

Grows  in  wet  places,  around  ponds,  &c.  near  settlements  j  natu- 
pili/.pd  but  scarcely  indigenous. 

Flowers  April.  Calamus. 

The  root  is  a  grateful  aromatic,  and  i-;  us  ^1  as  a  remedy  for  Hal'i- 
l«»ncy.  .\  habit  of  chewing  it  has  been  known  to  impair  seriously  th* 
dicoativc  faculties. 


40% 


IIEXANDRTA  MONOGYNIA. 


I       Leaves  lanceolate  o- 
I  vate. 

235. 


ORONTIUM.     Gen.  pl.  587. 

Spodix  rylindriciis,  tec-  |      Spadix  cyliiidnVa^  rov- 

tiis  flosculis.     Corolla  (i-  |  creel  with  Morets.   Corolla 

pj'tala,  niida.    Stfjlus  nul-  |  0  petalled,  nakerl.     Slijle 

ins.    Follicnli  d-spenni.     j  0.     Follicles  i  seeded. 

i.  Aqu  ^ticum. 
O.  foliis  ]anccolalo-ova- 
tis.     Sp.  pl   2   p.  199. 

Mich.  1.  p.  194.     Pursh,  1.  p, 
Pothos  ovata,  Walt,  p  224. 

Root  perennial.  Sfem  0.  Leaves  ratlical.  annual,  very  entire,  gla- 
brous, membiaiiaceous,  pale,  almost  *>,laiicou3  on  the  under  side,  ob-> 
scurely  nerved,  and  acute  as  if  mucronate.  i^pathe  short,  clothing 
the  base  of  the  mature  spadix.  Spadix  nearly  2  feet  lonir;,  eiect  and 
assnrj^ent,  green  at  base,  linged  with  purple  in  the  middle,  very  white 
at  the  summit.  Petals  small,  yellow,  persistent,  apinessed  to  t!;e 
gerni.  Filamertts  si  orter  th.an  the  corolla,  ^in^hers  oval,  incumbent, 
yellow,  derm  suy.erior,  angled,  truncate.  >'tigmu  very  minute,  con- 
cave in  the  centre.  Foldcle  ?  i^lobulai-,  tleshy.  Seed  oval,  glabrous, 
attached  to  the  summit  ?  of  the  follicle. 

The  pericarp  d(.es  not  (I  believe)  open,  but  Aills  with  its  enclosed 
jeed  as  the  spadix  decays. 

Grows  in  bt>>is  ;  \e^\y  common. 

Flowers  March — April. 


JUNCUS.     Gen.  pl.  599. 


Calyx  6-pliyllus,  bil)rac- 
teatus,  persistens.  Corolla 
0.  Stigmata  8.  Capsida 
l-locu!aris,  3.valvis.  ^- 
?niha  pluriraa. 

*  Culmis  nndis, 

1.  Acujus. 

J.  culmo  niido,  tereti, 
mucronato  ;  panicula  ter- 
miiiuli  5  iiivolucro  diphyl- 


t  Caljfx  0  leaved,  with  s 
bracteas  at  base,  persis- 
tent. Corolla  id.  Stigmas 
3.  Capsule  I  celled,  3 
valved.  Seeds  numerous* 
*  Ste7ii  naked. 

Stem  naked,  terete,  mu- 
cronate ;  panicle  termi- 
nal j  involucrum  2  leav- 


m'.vvNnniA  MONor.Y*'i\- 


403 


Q'.].  spiiiy  ;  c'lpsulcs  near- 
\y  globular,  mucmiuUe. 


lo,  spinoso  ;  capsulis  sub- 
rotimdis.  nui<  rouatis. 
Sin'Mh.  Fl.  Hi  it.  I.  p.  3 -it 

S|).  pi    i   p.  204       Tuisli,  1.  p.  235.  « 

Itonts  pcrennia),  cpspifoiic,  formiii^^  very  laiije  Ui(\i.  Stem  2 — 3 
feet  liii;h,  Mifhout  leaven,  hard,  ri^id,  witli  a  witlH-iiiiL;  slieafli  at  ba-*e; 
the  steins  at  l)a"»c  unite  i?i  fascicles  that  are  soinewliat  disticliniH. 
Floicer.s  ill  panicles,  2 — 3  inches  lonji^,  that  appear  lateral,  but  arc 
really  termiial  ;  the  stem  dividinu;  into  a  two  leaved  involucrum,  tlio 
exterior  lon:;er,  the  interior  >l»orter  llian  the  panicle,  botli  very  acute, 
pungent.  Leaves  of  the  c.aiij.v  la/iceolate,  acute,  rufous,  with  th« 
marjiius  niein!)ranaceous,  the  3  exterior  lon^;er,  acuminate,  with  the 
point  reflected.  Stamena  very  short.  Gi'rm  superior.  Stjle  l<mi>;er 
th.in  tiie  stamens,  3  cleft.  -Stigmas  subulate,  'glandular.  Cap^u'e 
somewhat  obovate,  obtusely  5  angled,  pointed  wit!i  the  style.  IStmd 
aM'^iilar. 

Grows  in  brackish  marshes,  where  it  covers  extensive  bodies  of 
land. 

Flowers  April*  Black  Rush, 


Stem  naked,  stiict  ; 
panicle  lateral,  cftased ; 
lluwcrs  oblong. 


2.  Effc.-^us. 

J.  ciilriio  nudo,  stiicto  ; 
p'Uiicula  laterali,  cffiisa  ; 
lloribiis  oblongis.  8p.  pi. 
2.  p.  :iOj. 

Walt.  p.  124.     Pursh,  I.  p.  236. 

Itool  fi!)rou>,  perennial,  cespitoso.  formin'^  very  lar;2;e  tufts.  Stem 
erect,  3  feet  high,  terete,  soft,  acute  but  not  rigid,  with  a  pcrsi^- 
tent  mucronatt;  sheatli  enveloping  the  base,  t'lniccrs  in  a^lcnse, 
compound  panicle  I — 3  inches  long.  Leaves  af  tlie  calt/.v  lanceolate, 
acute,  equal,  with  the  midiii)  green,  the  margins  white,  membranace- 
ous. Stamens  shorter  than  the  calyx.  Sti/le  very  sliort,  3  cleft.  Sti<^- 
vuis  glandular,  longer  than  the  calyx.  Capsule  3  angled,  turgid. 
Heeds  oldou'Zi  obli(|Uc,  acute  at  each  end. 

Grows  in  wet  soils  ;  occupies  and  almi)»t  covers  rice  fields  as  soon 
as  they  aie  thrown  out  of  cuhi\ation. 

Flowers  April — May.  Soft  rush — Cktminon  ruah. 


3.   Si:tacet-s.      Knstork. 
J.  ciilmo  undo,  lilitbi  ini, 
nutante  ;    utnl)clla    laie- 
ralij  compojila,  paucillo- 


8tem  naked,  filifonn, 
noiidiniz;;  uin!)el  lalcral, 
compound,  Tew  llowcred  j 


406 


IIEXANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


peduncles  many  flowers 
ed ;  petals  subulate. 


ra ;  pedunculis  multifloris; 
petalis  subulatis.  Pers.  1 . 
p.  383. 

J.  filiformis,  Walt.  p.  124. 
,  Mich.  1.  p.  191. 

Root  creeping,  perennial,  formins;  small  tufts.  Stem  filiform,  2 — 3 
feet  high,  terete,  glabrous,  generally  leaning  or  bending,  as  if  too 
weak  to  support  themselves,  scarcely  nodding.  Flowers  in  a  small 
lateral  panicle,  at  some  distance  below  the  summit  of  the  stem.  Leaves 
of  tlie  calyx  ovate,  lanceolate,  very  acute,  tlie  3  outer  leaves  longer 
than  the  interior. 

Grows  in  ditches  and  boggy  grounds  ;  not  very  rare.  It  has  been 
separated  by  Rostock  from  the  European  filiformis,  with  which  by 
preceding  writers  it  had  been  confounded.  It  has  however  been  bad- 
ly named. 

Flowers  June — July. 


"**  Culmis  foliosis. 

4.  Tenuis. 

J.  culmo  folioso,  sim- 
plice,  teretiusculo  ;  fo- 
iiis  canaliculalis ;  corym- 
bo  terminali,  dichotomo, 
bracteis  breviore  ;  cap- 
sula  oblonga,  obtusa,  pe- 
talis breviore. 


**  Stem  leafy.' 

Stem  leafy,  simple,  te- 
rete ;  leaves  channelled  ; 
corymb  terminal,  dicho- 
tomous,  shorter  than  the 
bracteas ;  capsule  oblong, 
obtuse,  shorter  than  the 
petals. 


Pers.  1.  p.  385.     Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  214. 

J.  l^jcornis,  Mich  1.  p.  191.     Pursh,  1.  p.  236. 

Root  perennial,  cespitose,  forming  small  tufts.  Stem  about  a  foot 
high,  frequently  naked.  Radical  leaves  shorter  than  the  stem,  cau- 
line  leaves  longer,  all  linear  subulate,  concave,  very  acute.  Stipules 
membranaceous,  1 — 2  lines  long,  bifid.  Floivers  in  the  panicle  soli- 
tary, sessile.  Two  lower  leaves  of  the  involucrum  mucli  longer  than 
the  panicle.  Leaves  of  the  calyx  linear  lanceolate,  very  acute,  the 
3  exterior  a  little  longer  than  the  interior.     Stamens  6. 

Grows  in  wet  pastures  ;  very  common  ;  remarkable  for  the  strength 
of  its  fibre. 

Flowers  April — May. 


5.    DlCHOTOMUS.       E. 

J.  caule  tereti,  plerum- 
que  nudo ;  foliis  subtere- 


Stem  terete,  generally 
naked  ;  leaves  nearly  te- 


HEXANOIIIA  MONOGYNIA, 


407 


tihup,  latere  inlcriore  ca- 
naliciiliitis :  paiiiciila  dicli- 
otonia ;  lloril)iis  .«oiiluiiis, 
sessilibus.     E. 


retc,  cliaiincllcd  on  the 
inner  side  :  panicle  dicli- 
otoinous  ;  lluwers  solita- 
vy,  sessile. 


J.  bufonius,  "Walt.  p.  1^4.     Mich.  1.  p.  191. 

liont  perennial,  fmniitrj:  very  small  tufts.  StPin  1 — i3  feet  lii|j;l»,  gla* 
brmis,  riaketj  }  Lcavea  filiform,  nut  noilose,  shorter  than  the  stem  and 
sheathing  its  base.  Vanich  dichotmnous,  with  the  branches  unequal, 
tine  flower  always  in  the  fork.  Floirers  always  solitary,  axillarf,  al- 
ternate ami  terminal.  One  leaf  of  the  involucrmn  sonu'tinies  longer 
than  the  panicle,  the  other  much  shorter.  Leaves  (»f  the  calyx  very 
acute,  nearly  equal.  Stamena  0.  Capsule  oval,  nearly  globose, 
when  mature  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

Grows  in  wet  pastures,  and  close,  stiff  soils  ;  very  common. 

Flowers  April — May. 


6.    BUFONIUS. 

J.  culmo  dichotonio  ; 
foliis  angulalis  ;  floribus 
solitariis.  sessilibus.  8p. 
pi.  2.  p.  211. 

Tursh,  1.  p.  238. 

Hoot  fibrous,  annual,  forming  small  tufts 
"terete,  leafy,  divided  towards  the  summit, 
concave,  about  as  long  a>  tlie  stem,  with 
Flowers  in  a  terminal  panicle,  generally  solitary,  one  in  each  division 
of  the  stem,  at  the  summit  frequently  by  pairs.  Three  exterior  leaves 
of  the  caly.r  longer  than  tiie  interior,  all  very  acute,  miMnbranaceous, 
vith  only  the  midrib  green.  Stamens  G.  Capsule  oblong,  shorter 
tlian  the  calyx. 

This  species  is  easily  distinguished  from  the  preceding  by  its  hum- 
ble srze,  its  leafy  steni,  its  leaves  whict)  though  somewhat  angled, 
are  subulate,  not  terete,  and  its  long  membranat  eous  calyx.  Michaux 
may  have  seen  it,  but  his  description  applies  so  exactly  to  the  J.  dich* 
otomus,  which  is  ditfused  over  every  part  of  the  country,  that  I  can- 
uot  hesitate  in  referring  his  J.  bufotiius  to  that  species. 

Grows  around  Charleston.     Rantowles,  Stono  river. 

Flowers  March — May. 


Stem  dichotomous  ; 
leaves  angled  ;  flowers 
solitary,  sessile. 


Stem  3 — 6  inches  high, 
Leaves  subulate,  acute, 
a   short  sheath  at  base. 


7.    BiFLORLS.       E. 

J.  cnlnio  tripcdali,  tc- 
reti  J  foliis  linearibus,  pla- 


Stcm  3  feet  high,  te. 
rete  j  leaves  linear,  fkt  j 


40S 


HRXANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


nis ;  panicnia  decomposi- 
ta,  clongata  ;  glomerulis 
bjfloris.     E. 


panicle  decoinponn^T^ 
long ;  fascicles  2-floweiv 
ed. 


Root  bulbous  or  tuWrous,  perennial.  Stem  terete,  frequently  fur- 
towed  on  one  side,  leafy,  glabrous.  Lenten  about  a  foot  long,  some- 
•\vhat  rigid,  erect,  acute,  sheathing  at  b:isp.  Htipuie  short,  membra- 
naceous. Fanicle  G'  8  inches  long:  fascicles  terminal,  and  in  oa<  U 
division  of  the  panicle.  Involucriim  sliorter  than  the  panicle.  IjOives 
of  the  calyx  lanceoliite,  green  along  the  midrib,  ferruginous  on  the 
sides,  the  3  interior  sliorter  than  the  exterior,  and  meml)ranous  along 
the  margins.  Stamens  5.  Capsule  obovate,  truncate,  a  little  shortei" 
than  the  calyx. 

Fascicles  containing  3  flowers  sometimes  occur. 

Grows  in  ditches,  around  ponds,  &c.  10  miles  from  Savannah,  on 
tlie  road  to  Augusta.     Near  Charleston. 

Flowers  May — July. 


Root  hull)on3  ;  stem  e- 
rect.  compressed  ;  leaves 
narrow,  sliii^htly  channel- 
led ;  panicle  compound  ; 
flowers tjiancirons  ;  cxte-. 
rior  leaves  of  the  calyx 
and  the  bracteas  awned. 


8.  Arista Tus  ?     Mich. 

J.  radice  bulbosa  ;  cul- 
mo  erecto,  compiesso  ; 
foliis  angustis,  subcanali- 
culatis  ;  panicula  compo- 
sita  ;  floribus  triandris  ; 
foliolis  calycis  exteri(»ri- 
bus  bracteisque  aristalis. 
IViich.  1   p.  ly^j. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  257. 

J.  triglumis,  Walt  p    124. 

J.  marginatus,  Muhl.  Cat. 

Stem  2-3  feet  high,  a  little  compressed,  terminating  at  base  in  a 
small  solid  bulb  or  tuber.  Leaves  flat,  nerved,  glabrous,  with  a  short 
aheath  at  base  blowers  in  a  terminal  panicle;  the  fascicles  3 — 5 
flowered.  Tl.e  exterior  leaves  of  the  caly\  ehortei:  than  the  exterior. 
Capsule  obovate. 

Gro.vs  in  damp  soils.     Common. 

Flowers  May -—June. 


9.  Repens.     Mich. 

J.  repens  ;  culmo  gen- 
iculate, ramoso ;  foliis  li- 
neaiibus,  planis  j  fascicu- 


Creeping ;  stem  geni- 
culate, branching ;  leaves 
linear,  fldtj  fascioies  latr 


nPXANDHIV    AIONOGYVIA. 


409 


Ji-!   latcrali!)iw    tii'iniiuili-  |  cral  and  teiniiiial ;  flow- 
(Iris.      K.  I 

Mull.  1.  J).  191. 

Creeping,  shootinj;  up  at  short  intorvals  small  tuffs,  fitfm  6—10 
\riciies  hi«;h.  compressed,  i;Ial)rou8,  loaly.  KeavfS  alternate,  oppo-jite 
oi  crowded  at  the  joints,  acite,  glal)rous,  witli  a  slieatJi  at  base, 
^  I'trter  tliaii  tlio  joint".  Stipules  ovate,  membraiia«euu8.  Flowers 
-.I's.sile,  in  ftiscicles  5 — lOlloweied.  L'-aves  ol  tlie  ealyx  subulate, 
caiinato,  very  acute,  tbe  interior  nearly  twice  as  lonsr  u.i  the  exterior. 
t<fanten>  3,  lont^fr  than  the  calyx.  Utigman  shoitur  t.ian  the  s>tamens» 
Laysnle  oblong,  obtuse,  3  an^jled. 

Vcrv  dirterciit  in  habit  from  tiio  rest  of  this  ^c 

Grows  in  muddy  soils;  very  common. 

Flowers  >lay  -  July. 


renus. 


10.   ArrNMsAirs.?    Mich. 


J.  roliis  terctil)us.  iindoso- 
aiticulatis  ;  paiiii  iila  dc- 
cumpositj,  capilulis  0 — U 


lloria ;  calycis  loliolis  s>iil)- 
ulatis,  nuicronatis ;  brac- 
U'is  aiistatis,  calyccm  tci c 
a^quaiitibus.     E. 


Mich.  1.  p.  192. 


Loaves  terete,  with  knot- 
like  joints  ;  piuiicle  cle- 
eompinuid,  iicads  0 — 9 
nuwercd  ;  leaves  of  the 
calyx  .siil)ulate,  niiicro- 
iiatc  ;  brr'cteas  awncd, 
nearly  as  lon^  as  the  ca- 
iyx. 

Pur.sh,  1.  p.  237. 
J.  noJosus  r   Walt.  p.  1^4. 

Root  perennial,  cespitose.  Stem  1 — 2  feet  high,  terete,  glabrous, 
\vith  re;5ular  joints  like  t!ie  ^rasnes,  but  the  inttrvais  not  nodtise,  like 
the  Ieavi'3.  Leaves  few,  sliorter  than  tJie  stem,  with  u  short  tipeu 
sheath  at  base.  I'unicle.  somewhat  trichotomoui.  heaves  of  tne  caly.v 
nearly  equal,  veiy  acute,  somewhat  rfgid,  the  3  extei  lor  hlij^litly  keel- 
ed ^rac/fn.si  mombiaiiaceous,  larger  than  usual,  titamens  3.  Cufr 
-.uie  3  anjjleil,  nearly  acute,  aii  lonj;  as  the  tal^  x. 

Grows  in  damp  ami  wet  places. 

Flowers  Marcli — May. 

I  am  not  certain  tliat  this  is  the  J.  acuminatus  of  Mlchaux  ;  it  If 
not  the  J.  Sylvaticus  of  NVilldeuow. 


11.  Pjjlycei'iialos.     Mich. 


J  foliis  •i;lacliatis.  iiodoso- 
aiticuiatis  ;  paniciilu  dc- 


Leaves  sword  shane.1, 
with     kiiol-hkc    jouita  j 


410 


HEXANDRrA  MONOGYNIA.. 


composita ;  capitulis  mnl- 
tifloris  ;  capsulis  acutis, 
calyce  longioribus.     E. 


panicle  deconiponnd  ;- 
heads  many  flowered  ; 
capsules  acute,  longer 
than  the  calyx. 

Mich.  1.  p.  19£.  var.  a.  crassifolius.     Pursh,  1.  p.  237. 

Perennial,  large.  Stem  S — 4  feet  high,  terete,  glabrous,  compres- 
sed near  the  base.  Leaves  compressed,  acute,  tliick,  6 — 24  inches 
long,  with  a  short  nodose  shcatJi  at  base  ;  heads  globose,  one  sessile 
in  each  division  of  the  panicle.  J?rflcrgrt  mucronate.  Leaves  of  the 
calyx  very  acute,  nearly  equal,  the  exterior  broader  than  the  interior.' 
Stamens  3. 

Michaux  has  confounded  two  very  distinct  plants  under  his  J.  poly- 
cephalos.  I  have  retained  his  name  to  his  first  variety,  though  J* 
gladiatus  would  have  been  more  characteristick. 

Grov's  in  ditches  and  wet  places  ;  Chatham  coui>ty,  Georgia* 

Florwers  May — June. 

12.  EcHiNATus  ?    Muhl.  Cat. 


J.  capitulis  paucis,  glo- 
bosis,  inajusculis,  subses- 
silibus,  multifloris  ;  caly* 
cis  foliolis  interioribus  ini- 
noribus  5  foliis  teretibus, 
nodoso-artieulatis.     E. 


Heads  few,  globose,  huge, 
nearly  sessile,  many  flow- 
ered ;  interior  leaves  of 
the  calyx  smallest ;  leaves 
terete,  with  knot-like 
joints. 


J.  polycephalos,  Mich.  1.  p.  192.  far.  b.  tenuifolius.  Pursh,  1.  p.  SSr. 

Root  thick,  somewhat  tuberous,  creeping.  Stem  about  2  feet  high, 
terete,  glabrous.  Leai^es  shorter  than  the  stem,  terete,  acute,  nodose, 
with  a  short  sheath  at  base.  Florvers  in  a  few  (3 — 5)  large,  terminal 
heads.  Leaves  of  the  calyx  narrow,  subulate,  acute,  rigid.  Stamens 
£.     Capsule  3  angled,  acute,  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

Grows  in  wet  soils,  around  i>onds,  back  waters,  &c.  on  some  of  the 
hunting  islands  very  common. 

Flowers  May — August. 


***  Capsulis  z-spermis.  \ 

13.  Campbstris. 

J.  foliis  planis,  pilosis  ;  | 
spicis  i>edunculatis,  uni-  | 
bellatis,  intermedia  ses-  | 
sill ;  calycinis  foliolismu-  j 
cronatis,  capsula  longio-  | 
ribus.    Sp.  pi.  ^-.  p.  SSI.  I 

Walt.  p.  1^5.    Mich.  l.p.  190. 


***  Copsides  3  seeded. 

Leaves  flat,  hairy ;  spikes 
peduncled,  umbelled,  the 
intermediate  one  sessile  5 
leaves  of  the  ealyx  mu- 
cronate,  longer  than  the 
capsule. 

Pursh,  I.  p.  258. 


IIEXANUlUA    MONOCYNIA.  411 

Peremiiul.  Stem  12  —  18  inches  lii;;li,  terete,  leafy-  I^dves  flat, 
acute,  shorter  tlum  the  stftn,  liairy  aloni;  the  in:ir{;ins,  very  hairj^ 
at  the  throat  ot"  tlie  short  sheath.  Umbel  simple.  Spikea  many  flow- 
ered. Leaves  of  the  cafy.v  ovate,  acuntinato,  rufous,  with  a  membra- 
naceous margin  as  long  as  the  capsule.  Capsule  3  angled,  truncate^ 
3  valved,  3  seeded. 

Grows  near  Columbia,  S.  Carolina  ;  Mr.  Ilerbeiuoiit.  St.  Johns  § 
Dn  Macbride. 

Flowers 


CAULOPHYLLUM.     Mien. 

Cali/x  intVnis,  O-pliyl-  |       Calf/.v  inferior,  6  leav- 

lus.    Pdala  i),Cii\ycc  o\)-  \  cd.  i-^/'/^/.v  6,  opposite  the 

posita.     Drupa  slipitata,  j  calyx.     Di^upe   stipitate, 

l-spcrma.  [  one  seeded. 

1.    TUALICTROIDES. 

Mich.  1.  p.  20J.     Pursh.  1.  p.  218. 
Ijcontice  thalictroides,  Sip.  pi.  2.  p.  149. 

Plant  about  a  font  high,  glabrous,  3  parted  at  the  summit  of  the  stem. 
Lower  lonf,  when  there  are  two  (for  the  3  divisions  are  considered  as 
forming  but  one  leaf,  the  stem  resembling  a  ])etiole),  generally  triter- 
nate,  divided  into  -27  leaflets,  the  upper  biternate  ;  leaflets  ovate, 
acute,  2  or  3  lubed,  glabrous.  Flowers  in  panicles,  produced  from 
the  centre  of  the  leaves  :  there  arc  frequently  two  panicles,  with  the 
inner  pne  very  smalt.  Stamcti^i  a.nd  style  very  short.  »S7J^jna  obtuse. 
Fruit  a  drupe,  oval,  dark  blue  when  mature,  supported  by  a  club 
shaped  stipes  2  to  3  lines  long,  of  the  same  colour  with  the  "drupe. 

Found  in  the  mountains,  in  Pendleton  district,  by  Messrs.  linker 
&  Perry. 

Flowers  Apiil. 


mPHYLLEIA.     Mich. 


Cahfx  infcrus,  3-pliyl- 
lus,  deciduus.  Corolla  6- 
petala.  Bacca  1-locula- 
ris,  2—8  spcrnia. 

1.  Cymosa. 

Mich.  l.p.  203. 

Root  thick,  perennial.     Stem  herbaceous,  erect,  about  a  foot  high. 
Leaves  always  2  on  each  each  slem,  alternate,  2  lobcd.  peltaif;,  iobes 


Cali/x  inferior,  "3  leav- 
ed, deciduous.  Corolla 
6  pctalled.  Bcmj  1  ccl- 
letJ,  2—3  seeded. 


4iS  HEXiNDlllA.   MONOGYKIA. 

angle(^,  acaminate,  serrate  ;  peliole  Jittaclied  to  the  leaf  near  an  open 
sinus  at  its  lower  margin,  l^lowers  in  a  terminal  c^nie.  Felals  oval, 
laro-er  than  tlie  calvx.  Filaments  liall"  as  long  as  the  petals.  Jlntliers 
ob!()ng,  tvuns,  the  cell-s  united  by  a  membrane,  and  bursting  as  the. 
membrane  is  loosened.  Genu  superior.  Style  very  short.  Stigma 
cajjitate.     >>efds  nearly  globose.     Mich. 

Grows  near  the  mountain  rivulets,  from  Virginia  to  Carolina. 
W'ri^litsborouirh,  Columbia  county,  Georgia. 

Flowers  May. 

BERBERIS.     Gen.  pl.  595. 
Cnh/x  6-ph}ilus.     Pe-  I       Calyx  0  leaved.     Pe^ 


tals  6,  wiih  ^  ,i»;land«5  on 
each  claw.  Stj{le  0.  Brr- 
ry  1-cellefl,  i^— 4  seeded. 

Branches  thickly  dot- 
ted :  spines  triple;  leaves 


talu  0,  ad  ungues  gi/iritS' 
lis  3.     .SY/////.9  0.     Baccn 
l-locularis,  2-4  spernia. 
1    Canad)  ^SlS. 
B.     ramis    confeitim 
punetatis ;  aculeis  tripli- 
cibus  ;  foliis  sinij'licihus.  j  simple,  ohovate, remotely 
obovatis,  leniote  scnatis;  I  serrate;    racemes    shoit, 
laeenus  l)revil)us,  snbeo-  I  somewh-it      conmbose  ;, 
rymbosis;  diupis  vix  ear    /  drupes  scarcely  iicshy. 
Jiosis.     Fursh,  l.p.  2  9      | 

Berberis  vulgaris,  var.  Canadensis,   Sp.pl.  1.  p.  227.     Walt,  p.- 
120.     Mich.  I.  p.  205 

A  shrub  S — 5  foet  high,  erect,  with  very  many  branches  :  the  young 
flhoots  yellow,  the  old  dotted,  all  anj.-:  dar,  glabrous.  Leaves  sessile, 
o')ovate,  obtuse,  mucionate,  with  spine-like  serratures,  cuneate  at 
fcase,  glabrous,  by  pairs  on  young  shoots,  clustered  on  the  summits 
©t  the  last  years  br.ds.  Stipules  a  3  jiarted  s])ine  at  the  base  of  each 
bud.  Itacemes  short ,  6 — 8  flowered,  shooiing  from  the  summit  of 
the  old  buds,  at  til  st  erect,  afterwards  nodding,  iali/.v  deciduous, 
leaves  ovate,  acute,  coloured  Petals  ovate,  longer  than  the  calvx, 
jellow,  witn  5i  puiple  nectariferous  ^  glands.  Fitaments  half  tiiG 
JenKth  of  the  petals.  Jntkers  nearly  white,  uttucned  to  tlie  bides  of 
the  filaments  Germ  superior,  as  long  as  the  stamens.  Stigma  fiat, 
^vider  than  the  germ,  perforate  ?  in  the  centre.  Berry  oval,  red,  ex* 
tremely  acid. 

A  plant  of  colder  climates  than  ours,  but  found  along  the  margin 
of  the  Santee  river  as  low  down  as  Eutaw  Springs.     Dr.  Macbjidc. 

Flowers  April.  Barberry. 

1  he  irritability  of  the  stamens  of  the  European  Barberry,  as  described 
by  Sir  J.  E.  Smitli,  is  equally  obvious  in  ours.  If"  the  inner  part 
of  each  filament  near  the  bottom"  oe  touched,  the  filament  will  imme- 
dialelj  contiact ''  aiiU  stiike  ils  anthers  against  the  stigma. 

Vida  Introduction  to  Botantfi 


Ub^AVDUlA    TRfGYNIA. 

TRIGYWIA. 


41* 


RUMKX.      Gen.  i'l.  G18. 


Cali/x  3  leaved.     Pt^^ 
/«/5' 3,  conniNing.   Seed  i^ 


8  angled. 


Cnhfx  S-pliylliis.  /V- 
tnJa  3,  coiinivontia.  ^c- 
men  1.  tri(iu('triiin. 

i.   S\.Nr.riNi:i  s. 

R.  valviilis  ifitcgcni- 
mis,  iinica  conspiciic  gra- 
nirera ;  foliis  cordalo-lan- 
ccolatis.  Sj).  pi.  2.  p.  ^50. 

Walt.  p.  126.     Pursli,  1.  p.  247. 

Perennial.  Root  leaves  larj^c.  entire,  sometimes  obtuse,  variegated 
in  a  singular  manner  by  its  blood  red  veins.  Flowers  in  terminal, 
verlicillate  panicles  Calyx  small,  and  with  the  corolla  persistent; 
alter  flowering  the  petals  increase  in  siz,e  and  close  over  the  seed  ; 
(»ne  ol  the  petals  marked  on  tlie  back  with  a  large,  globoae,  red  grain, 
the  other  petals  have  smaller  ones.    Styles  very  short.     Seed  3  angled* 

IMct  with  occasionally  around  Charleston.  Rare  in  the  low  coun- 
try.    Said  by  Linnreus  to  have  been  earned  to  Europe  IVotu  Virginia,- 

Flowers  June— Jul^-. 


Valves  entire,  1  conspi- 
cuously bearing  a  grain  ; 
leaves  cordate  lanceo. 
late. 


Valves    toothed  ;    one 


2.    PULCIIER. 

R.    vah  ulis  dcntatis  ; 
unica  conspicue  granile-  I  conspicuously    toothed  ; 
ra;  Ibliis  radicalibus  pan-  |  radical    leaves    panduri 
duriforinibus.     Sp  pi.  ;i.  |  Ibrm. 

Root  leaves  oblong,  with   a  sinus  in   each   side,  as  in  tlie  violin. 
?tein  leart'i  without  the  sinus. 
An  exotic,  now  common  in  the  enclosures  in  and  around  Charleston* 
Flowers  June — July. 


Valves  entire,  all  haar- 
iriir  a  crain  ;  leaves  lan- 


3.    VCRf  ICll.LXTlS. 

R.  valvalis  int  g  riimi"*,  | 
omnibus  «z;ianiiciis  ;  fuliis  j 
lanccolatis;  vaginism  yrni-  |  ccolate  j    sheaths    c}lin 
diicis.     Sp.  pi.  I.  p.  ioo.  I  drital. 

Walt.  p.  i22u»     l*ursii,  1,  p.  24y. 


414 


HEXANDRIA    TRIGYNIA. 


PerenniaL  Leaves  long  lanceolate,  narrow,  acute  ,  sheaths  mem- 
■fcranaceous,  cylindrical,  nearly  half  as  long  as  the  joints.  Flowers 
verticillate,  in  long,  nearly  simple  racemes  ;  pedicels  rather  thick. 
Linn. 

Inserted  on  the  authority  of  Walter.  I  have  not  met  with  it  in  our 
low  country. 

Flowers 

4.  Bbitannicus. 

R.  valviilis  integeni-  |  Valves   entire,  each 

mis,  omnibus  graniferis  ;  |  bearing  a  grain  ;   leaves 
foliis  lanceolatis,  planis  ;  |  lanceolate,  flat  ;  sheaths 
vaginis  obsoletis.    Sp.  pi.  |  obsolete. 
2.  p.  250.  I 

Walt.  p.  126.     Mich,  1.  p.  217.     Pursh,  1.  p.  248, 

Perennial.  iSfem  2— 3  feet  high,  branching,  furrowed,  tinned  with 
red.  Leaves  large,  alternate,  acute,  sometimes  acuminate,  oDtuse  at 
base  •  petioles  i — 2  inches  long.  Stipule  a  membrane  attached  to 
the  base  of  the  petiole,  withering.  Flowers  in  a  compound,  terminal 
panicle  ;  sterile  and  fertile  jloivers  mingled  in  the  same  whorl  ;  ped- 
uncles one  half  an  inch  long,  pendulous  after  flowering;  the  fertile 
floret  at  first  smaller  than  the  sterile,  but  the  corolla  of  the  former  en- 
larges as  the  seed  matures.  Filaments  very  short.  Anthers  erect. 
Germ  3  angled.  Styles  very  short,  expanding  between  the  petals. 
Stigmas  feathered,  white.    Seeds  3  angled,  with  the  angles  very  acute. 

Grows  in  deep  swamps,  along  the  margins  of  fresh  water  rivers  ; 
^ery  common. 

Flowers  April — May. 


5.  Crispus. 

R.  valvulisintegris,  om- 
nibus graniferis  ;  foHis 
lanceolatis,  undulatis,  a- 
cutis.     Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  351. 


Valves  entire,  each 
bearing  a  grain ;  leaves 
lanceolate,  undulate,  a- 
cute. 


Perennial.  Stem  1—2  feet  high,  angled.  Radical  leaves  long,  nar- 
row, lanceolate,  acute,  very  much  waved,  and  curled  along  the  mar- 
gin with  a  long,  attenuated  base.  Panicle  terminal,  sparingly  branch- 
ed, leafy  ;  leaves  similar  to  those  of  the  root  but  smaller.  Flowers 
in  whorls  on  pedicels,  3 — 4  lines  long. 

Originally  from  Europe,  now  entirely  naturalized ;  very  common 
around  buildings  ;  prefers  a  close,  damp  soil* 

Flowers  May— June. 


HEXANDRIA    TRIGYNlA. 


415 


Valves  tootlied,  each 
bearing;  a  p;rain  ;  leaves 
lanceolate,  undulate,  en- 
tire. 


6.  PERSicARioinrs. 

R.  valvulis    dcntatis, 

omnibus  2;ranircris  ;  ibliis 

lanccolati.s.  undulatis,  in- 

tegris.     Pursb,  1.  p.  218. 

Sp  pi.  2.  2j2.     Walt.  p.  127. 

Plant  G — 12  inclips  hiih,  much  branched.  Leaves  lanceolate,  pcti- 
olate,  smooth,  waved,  entire.  Valves  of  thc^fojiTr  with  3  Ion;;  teeth 
on  each  side,  each  bearing  a  large,  pale  coloured  jjrain.     Linn. 

Gn»\vs  in  shadv,  wet  woods,  and  alon;;  the  banks  <»t' ditches,  from 
Virginia  to  Carolina,     rursh. 

Flowers  Jiilv. 


7.    DlVARICATTJS  ? 

R.  valvulis  dcntatis,  gra- 
niferis ;  foliis  cordato-ob- 
longis,  obtusis,  pubcsccn- 
fibus.    Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  253. 


Valves  toothed,  each 
bearing  a  grain  ;  leaves 
cordate  oblong,  obtuse, 
pubescent. 


Plant  perennial-  Stem  1 — 2  feet  high.  Leaves  cordate,  oblong, 
somewhat  acute,  finely  waved  along  the  margins,  nubescenf,  i)articu- 
larly  along  the  veins.  Flowersi  in  a  long,  slender,  leaf)-  spike  .-^  whorls 
nearly  sessile,  distant.  Valves  of  the  corolla  reticulate,  with  4 — 5 
teeth  near  the  base;  grains  of  unequal  size,  one  large. 

Found  by  Dr.  Bakiwir.  in  the  marshes  of  Savannah  river,  opposite 
the  city  of  Savannah. 

Flowers  June — August. 

8.    ACETOSELLA. 

R.    floribus   dioicis  ;  |    Flowers  dioicous ;  leaves 

Inliis   lanccolato-hastatis.  |  lanceolate  hastate. 
Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  200.  I 

Wait.  p.  127?     Mich.  1.  p.  216.    Pursh,  1.  p.  249. 

i/oo<  somewhat  fusiform,  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  1 — 2  feet  high, 
slightly  furrowed.  Leaves  entire,  somewhat  succulent,  glabrous, 
sometimes  ovate  or  lanceolate,  without  auricles,  on  petioles  1 — 3 
inches  long,  dilated  at  base.  Flowers  in  paniculated  racemes,  with 
fascicles  8 — 10  Howered,near  together;  in  the  sterile  flower  the  calyx 
and  corolla  Sir Q  lanceolate,  nearly  equal  ;  the  stamens  6,  very  short; 
and  only  the  rudiments  of  a  germ.  In  tn.c  fertile  flower,  the  calyx 
is  linear,  the  corolla  larger,  lanceolate,  strongly  veined,  purple, 
the  styles  very  short,  the  stis^mas  glandular,  purple;  the  seed  3  an- 
gled, covered  by  the  reticulate  corolla. 

Grows  in  light,  sandy,  poor  soils  ;  very  common. 

Flowers  .\pril — June. 


41« 


HEXANDRIA    TRIGYKIA. 


9.  H^srATULUs.     Baldwin. 


K  valviilis  rotundato- 
cordatis,  integris,  gi-aiii- 
f.^ris ;  foliis  petiolatis,  ob- 

longo-hastatis,     auticuiis  |  tlie   auricles  entire,    ob. 
integiis,  obtusis  ;  floribus 
dioicis-     B.dd. 


Valves  round,  cordate,  en.- 
tire,  graniferous  ;  leaves 
peliolatc,  oblong  hastatp. 


tuse ;  [lowers  dioicous. 


Hooi  perennial.  Ste.ni  1 — 3  feet  high.  In  its  mode  of  flow«ring| 
and  its  general  habit  it  approaches  the  R  acctosella-  The  valves  en-, 
closing  the  seed  become  I'ed  by  age,  at»d  give  the  old  pastures,  vvhicK 
this  plant  often  entirely  engrosses,  a  most  splendid  appearance.     B. 

Grows  in  arid  cultivated  land  in  the  soutii  of  Georgia  and  Eust^ 
florid  a. 

Flowers  April. 


NECTRIS.     GrjT,  i'l.  610. 


Calyx  6-ph}'llus.  Co- 
rolla 0.  Capsidw  3,  unU 
loculares,  oligospermge, 
non  dehiscentes. 

i.  Aquatic  A. 

N.  toliis  deniersis,  op- 
positis,  multipartito-ii- 
iiearibus,  fluitantibus  al- 
ternis,  ellipticis,  peltatis ; 
floribus  racemosis.     E. 


Calijx  6 -leaved,  'Co- 
vol  la  0.  Capsiilts  3,  one 
celled,  few  seeded,  not^ 
opening. 

Siil)mer3ed  leaves,  op- 
posite, «iany  paited,  li- 
near, the  floating  leaves 
alternate,  elliptic,  peltate  j 
flowers  in  racemes, 


Sp   pi.  2.  p.  249. 

Nectris  peltata,  Pursh,  1.  p.  239. 

Caboniba  aubletii,  Mich.  1.  p.  206. 

Petenntsi  Stem  terete,  abou^  a  line  in  diameter,  purple,  brunch- 
dng,  very  \o\\%  Lower  leaves  opposite,  near  the  middle  generally  5 
parted,  towards  the  summits  dichotomous  ;  segments  unequal,  linear, 
obtuse  ;  upjjer  leaves  narrow,  oval  or  elliptic,  obtuse,  glabrous,  float- 
ing and  supporting  the  flowering  part  of  the  branches  near  the  sur- 
face of  the  water  Flowers  axillary,  solitary ,  near  the  summit  of  the 
branches,  forming  a  terminal  raceme;  peduncles  1—2  inches  long, 
pubescent  ?  Calyx  persistent,  3  exterior  leaves  obovate,  3  interior 
oval,  longer  than  the  exterior,  all  white,  emarginate,  on  short  claws, 
with  two  yellow  glands  near  the  base  Filaments  not  iialf  as  long  as 
the  ^aljx-    idnthers  erect,  white.     Germs  3,  dibtinct,  superior,  pu- 


HEWNORIA    TRIGYNIA. 


417 


bosceni.  Si ifhs  taporinj;,  as  lonj;  as  tho  sf.iinens.  Stigma  capitato, 
el-iiidular.  C(ip!>ulf!i  oblong  ovate,  1  ct'llcd,  pubescent,  1 — 3  seeded. 
^  h  obloii^:,  sniMcuhat  rnii^h,  slightly  winded,  attaclied  by  the  sum- 
;nii  to  the  point  of  (lie  capsule.     I  have  seen  4  g'^rins  but  never  2. 

Gro^vs  in  diiclies  and  stajjnant  waters;  at  Ogeechee  very^  common. 

Flowers  Mav. 


TRKiLOCniN.     GcN.  pl.  GlG. 


Ca  Ifjx  G 1  c  a V  e  d .  Cornl. 
la%i).  St  file  0.  Capsule 
opi'iiini;  at  base. 

L(\ivcs  terete,  linear,  as 
loni;;  as  the  scape  ;  floNV- 
ers  with  3—4  stamens. 


Calif V  G-phyllus.  Co- 
rolla i).  Stffli/s  0.  Cap- 
sula  l)asi  dehiscens. 

i.    'rUIANDUUM.        Mich. 

T.  foliis  tercti-lineari- 
i)iis,  scapuin  sub?pquami- 
l)us  ;  floribus  3— -i-andris. 
E. 

Midi.  1.  p.  208.     Pursh,  1.  p.  £47. 

Lfcives  erect,  sniootli,  acute,  about  6  inclics  long,  sheathing;  the  base 
of  tho  scape.  Scape  terete.  Fluwers  niinu-ntus,  on  very  short  ped- 
uncles, generally  in  small  clusters.  Calyx  most  frequently  4  leav- 
ed, leaves  small,  lanceolate,  membranous,  deciduous.  hUaments  0. 
Jlntliera  sessile',  2  celled,  st>meliines  only  1  or  '■2.  Germs  frequently 
1,  coherinj;.  Style  0.  Stis;ma  glandular,  niany  cleft.  Capsules 
r, — 4,  gibbous  at  base,  united  by  succulent,  spongy,  hollow  membranes 
reisenibliiia;  false  cells.     Seed  one  in  each  cell,  oblong. 

This  species  appears  to  be  very  variable  in  the  niimbcr  of  its  an- 
tluTS  and  gertns. 

Grows  on  sands  overflowed  by  salt  water. 

Flowers  July — August. 


MELANTHIUM.     Gen.  tl.  618. 


Calf/x  0.  Corolla  Ci-pc- 
talla,  pateiis.  Filavunta 
ex  un2;uibus  clon2;atis  hi- 
gland ulosis  coroli;e.  Cap- 
sulcc  3,  intlatte,  basi  con- 
natse.  Sem'ma  \)\wriX^^\xh- 
plana,  alata. 

-E  8 


Cahjx  0.  Corolla  G  pe- 
tallcd,  expanding;.  Fila- 
meiits  arisins;  from  the 
long  Inglarulular  claws  of 
the  petals.  Capsules  3, 
intlated,  connate  at  base. 
Scrds  numerous,  gencriil* 
\y  flat,  >vinged. 


41S 


HEXANDRIA   TRIGYNIA. 


Panicle  ])vramidal ;  pe 
tals  oval,  somewhat  has 
tate,  flat ; 
erallv  fertile. 


flowers   gen- 


1.   VlRGINICUM. 

M.  panicula  pyramida- 
la;  petalis  ovalihus,  sub- 
hastatis.  planis ;  floribus 
plerumqiie  fertilibus. — 
Pursli,  1.  p.  240. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  266.     Mich.  1-  p.  251. 

Stem  2 — 3  feet  high,  terete,  clothed  with  a  dense  and  short  pubes* 
cence,  leafy.  Leaves  long,  linear  lanceolate,  flat,  embracing  the  steni^ 
but  not  sheathing.  F/ou'<^rs  #n  a  terminal  panicle,  crowded  on  the 
branches,  polygamous,  dioicous.  Petals  greenish  white,  becoming 
brown  with  age,  bearing  2  ;ilands  near  the  base.  Germs  3,  superior.' 
Styles  3,  somewhat  divaricate,  persistent. 

Grows  in  Carolina ;  very  rare  in  the  low  country. 

Flowers  June — July. 


2.  MoNOicuM.  Walt. 
M.  panicula  inferne 
mascula,  superne-  femi- 
iiea,  racemosa  ;  petalis 
oblongis,  planis,  brevi-un- 
giiiculatis ;  stylis  germine 
duplobrevioribus.  Pursh, 
l.p.  S41. 

Walt.  p.  125. 

Flowers  smaller  than  in  the  preceding  species.     Pursh. 
Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Virginia  and  Carolina. 
Flowers  July. 


Panicle  with  the  lower 
flowers  sterile,  the  upper 
fertile,  and  in  racemes  ; 
petals  oblong,  flat,  with 
short  claws  ;,  styles  half 
the  length  of  the  germ. 


Panicle  pubescent,  ra- 
cemose; petals  orbicular, 
plaited,  with  long  claws  ;. 
glands  united. 


3.  Hybridum      Walt. 

M.  panicula  pubescente, 
racemosa ;  petalis  orbicu- 
latis.  plicatis,  longe  un- 
guicu  atis  ;  glandulis  co- 
ahtis.     E. 

Walt.  p.  125.      Pursh,  1.  p.  241. 
IV'elanthium  racemosum,  Mich.  2.  p.  251. 

Stem  2  feet  high,  terete,  slightly  striate,  leafy.  Leaves^  long, 
linear,  j.early  glabro'is,  embracing  the  stem,  the  midrib  rather 
distinct.    Faniele  lon^,  composed  of  simple  racemes.  Flowers  some-. 


IIEXANDRIA  TRIC^-^IA, 


4tO 


uhat  <H-^t.iiit,  on  podunclcH  twice  the  length  of  the  petals;  sterile 
and  fVitiU'  lldweis  interiiiiiij;lcd  in  each  panicle.  Petals  persititent, 
orbicular,  plaited,  the  niars^ins  waved  or  repand  ;  glands  torminj^  au 
eniaru;inate  circle,  at  the  suinnut  of  the  claw,  with  a  furrow  along  the 
centre.     StnuiPii!*  as  lon;^  as  tlie  petals.     Utiflea  expandin;;. 

Sciit  fnun  Lituisville,  (jcur;;ia,  l)v  Mr  Jackson,  .\ujrusta ;  Dr. 
Wray.     Fount!  also  in  the  mountains  et"  Carolina,  by  Dr.  Mucbiidc- 

Flowers  May — July. 

VERATRUM. 


Corolla  0. partita,   pa 
tens  ;    laciiiiis   sessilibus, 
c,2;laii(liilusi.s.        Slanniia 
rrceptaculo  inserta.   Cap- 
suite  3,  polyspcrmai. 

1.    ViRIDE. 

V.  Ibliis  Iato-ovalil)us, 
plicatis  ;  raccinis  panicu- 
latis  ;  corollpc  laciniis  ob- 
longo,  ovalibus,  aciuis. — 
Mich.  2.  p.  249. 

Sp.  pi.  4.  p.  896.     Pursh,  1.  p.  242. 

Plant   pubescent,  3--G  feet  high.     Root   leaves   large.     Flowers 
greenish  yellow. 

Grows  alonu;  the  mountain  streams  from  Canada  to  Carolina. 
Flowers  July. 


Corolla  6  parted,  ex- 
patnlini; ;  the  secinieiits 
sessile,  without  glands. 
Stamens  inserted  on  the 
iecepta{  les.  Capsules  3, 
many  seeded. 

Leaves  broad,  oval, 
plaited ;  racemes  pani- 
cled  ;  segments  of  the 
corolla  oblong,  oval,  a- 
cutc. 


2.  Parviflort'.m.     Mich. 


V.  ibliis  ovali-lancco- 
latis,  planis,  glabri^  ;  pan- 
icuHs  gracilibus.  patenti- 
bus  ;  pctalis  utrinque  a. 
cutis,  staminiferis. 


Leaves  oval,  lanceolate, 
flat,  glabrous  ;  panicle 
slender,  expanding ;  pe- 
tals acute  at  each  end, 
beariiic;  the  stamens. 


Mich.  2.  p.  250.     Pursh,  1.  p.  242. 

Michaux,  to  whom  wc  are  indebted  for  our  knowledge  of  this  plant, 
remarks,  that  the  branches  of  the  panicle  are  filiform  ;  thcjl'iu'ers 
;;reen,  on  short  footstalks  ;  the  corolla  without  glands  ;  (hat  in  its 
foliation  and  habit  it  roscnd)les  the  Veratrum,  but  is  allied  to  tlie  Melan- 
thium  by  its  staminiferous  petals. 

Grows  among  the  highest  mountains  of  Carolina. 

Flowers  July. 


430  ilEXANDRlA   TRIGYNIA. 

3.  Angustifolium.     Pursli. 

V.  floribus  dioicis ;  pan-  |      Flowers  dioicous ;  pan- 
icula  simplici ;  petalis  li-  |  icle simple;  petals  linear ; 
nearibus  ;  foliis  longissi-  |  leaves  very  long,  linear, 
mis,  linearibus,  carinatis.  j  keeled. 
Pursh,  1.  p.  243.  I 

Flowers  greenish  yellow.     Pursh. 

Grows  among  the  mountains  of  Virginia  and  Carolina. 

Flowers  June. 

ZIGADENUS.     Mich. 

Corolla  hexapetala,  |  Corolla  6  petalled,  ex- 
patens  ;  laciniis  supra  ba-  |  panding  ;  with  a  glands 
sin  angustatam  biglandu-  |  above  the  narrowed  base 
losis.  Capsula  membra-  |  of  the  segments.  Cap- 
nacea,  3  locularis.  Seini-  \  sule  membranaceous,  3 
7/fl  plurima,  aptera.  |  celled.  -S'^eJs  many,  with- 

I  out  wings. 

1.  Glaberrimus. 

Z.  scapo  folioso  ;  brae-  |      Scape  leafy  ;  bracteas 

teisovatis,acun.inatis;pe-  |  ovate,  acuminate ;  petals 

talis  acuminatis.     Pursh,  |  acuminate. 

1.  p.  241.  I 

Mich.  1.  p.  214. 

Melanthium  virginicum  ?  Walt.  p.  125. 

Hoot  tuberous,  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  erect,  terete,  3 — 4  ^eet 
high.  Leaves  sessile,  linear  lanceolate,  acute,  glabrous,  slightly 
channelled,  8 — 14  inches  long,  5 — 6  lines  wide.  Flowers  in  a  termi- 
nal panicle.  Calyx  0.  Petals  equal,  persistent.  Filaments  6,  as 
long  as  the  corolla,  dilated  at  base,  and  inserted  into  the  petals  at 
their  junction  with  the  germ.  Germ  superior,  3  angled.  Styles  3, 
shorter  than  the  stamens,  nearly  united  at  base.  Stigmas  simple, 
obtuse.  Capsule  3  sided,  with  the  angles  obtuse,  furrowed,  3  celled, 
3  valved,  pointed  with  the  persistent  styles.  Seeds  many  (4—8)  in 
each  cell,  angled,  oblong,  slightly  furrowed,  the  angles  slightly  wing- 
ed and  extending  a  membranous  summit  beyond  the  apex  of  the  seed. 

Grows  along  the  margins  of  swamps,  ponds,  &c. 

Flowers  July— September. 


IICXANDRIA    TUIGYNIA. 


4S1 


IIELONIAS.     Gen.  pl.  622. 


Ciihjx  0.  Corolla  6  pc- 
tallt'd:  petals  flut,  sessile. 
Capsule  3  celled,  few 
seeilcil. 

Leaves  linear,  very 
ion*;  ;  scape  leafy  ;  cap- 
sule shortened,  divari- 
cate :    seeds  ovate. 


Califx  0.  Corolla  ()-pe- 
tala  ;  |)('talis  planis.  sessi- 
lilms.  Capsula  S-locula- 
ris,  oli2;ospcrnia. 

i.    EimHROSPERMA. 

H?  toliis  iineari-Ion2;is- 
siniis  ;  scapo  Iblioso  ; 
capsula  abhreviata,  diva- 
ricata ;  seniinibus  ovatis. 
Pers.  1.  p.  31)9.  I 

Mich.  1.  p.  212.     Pursh,  1.  p.  242. 
Melanthium  Isetuni,  Sp.  pl.  2.  p.  207. 
Mclanthium  musccctoxicum,  Walt.  p.  125. 

Itoot  bulbous.  Stem  2  feet  liiuli,  leafy,  glabrous.  Leaves  lon^,  li- 
near, 5 — 6  lines  wide,  obtuse,  glabrous,  nervctl,  slightly  channelled, 
generally  growing  from  tlie  root,  but  soioe  also  from  the  stem,  dimin- 
ishing in  size  near  the  summit.  t'luuers  in  a  terminal  simple 
raceme.  Peduncles  longer  than  the  Mowers.  Petals  ovate,  ses- 
sile, persistent.  Stamens  rather  longer  than  the  petals.  ^ntheri> 
white.  Germs  5,  superior,  with  the  suinmifs  divaricate.  Stigmas 
simple.  Capsules  5,  iinit«*(l  at  base  Seed  ovate,  covered  Avith  a 
fleshy  integument  which  becomes  (jf  a  bright  red  colour  when  ripe. 

The  structure  of  the  capsule  in  this  species  approaches  to  that  of 
V'cratrum,  but  its  seed  and  habit  indicate  another  genus. 

Grows  in  sha^ly,  rich  soils. 

Flowers  April — May.  lied-seeded  Uelonias.     Fly  poisoii. 

This  plant  is  a  narcotic  poison,  and  is  employed  in  some  families 
for  destroying  the  house-lly.  The  bulbs  are  triturated  and  mixed 
with  molasses  or  honey,  and  tlic  prepaiatioJi  is  spread  upon  plates 
and  placed  in  parts  of  the  house  most  infested.  'J'he  Hies  are  soon 
attracted,  and  the  poison  takes  ellect  while  they  are  sipping  it.  Thcj 
arc  perceived  to  stand  unsteadily,  totter,  and  lall  supine.  The  flies, 
uidess  swept  into  a  fire  or  otherwise  destroyed,  revive  in  the  course  #d 
twenlv-four  hourb.  -.y 


2.  Angustifolia.     Mich. 


H.  foliis    lincari-subu- 
iatis  ;  scapo  folioso  ;  cap- 


Leaves  linear,  subulate 
scape  leafy  ;  capsule  ol>- 


4S3 


HEXANDRIA    TRIGYNIA. 


long,   with 


.^,    ......    the  summit 

appressed ;  seeds  linear. 


sula  ohlonga,  apicibus  ap- 
pressis  ;  seminibiis  li- 
nearibus.     E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  212.     Pursh,  1.  p.  242. 

■  Root  fibrous,  perennial.  Stem  about  2  feet  liigli,  terete,  glabrous.. 
Leaves  very  long,  linear,  acute,  mucli  narrower  than  in  the  preceiiing 
species  ;  upper  leaves  minute.  Flowers  in  a  terminal,  simple  ra- 
ceme ;  peduncles  longer  tlian  the  flowers.  Petals  persistent,  -^ffl- 
inens  longer  than  the  petals.  Capsules  3,  tvvice  as  long  as  the  petals, 
3  angled,  acute,  cohering  to  the  very  summit.    (Seeds  linear.    Mich.)L 

Grows  in  damp  soils,  generally  in  pine  barrens. 

Flowers  May — June. 


3.    ASPHODKLOIDES. 

H.  scapo  folioso  ;  ra- 
cemo  oblongo,  conferto  ; 
bracteis    setaceis ;     fila- 


Scape  leafy ;  raceme 
oblong,  crowded  ;  brac- 
teas  setaceous ;  filaments 
wide  at  base,  as  long  as 
the  corolla ;  leaves  subu- 
late, setaceous. 


mentis  basi  latioribus,  co- 
roUani  sequantibus  ;  fo- 
liis  subulato-setaceis. — 
Pursh,  1.  p.  343. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  275. 

Hoot  bulbous  .^  Flowers  white,  small.     Pursh. 

Grows  en  the  sandy  plains  of  New-Jersey  and  Carolina.     Pursh. 

Flowers  May — June. 


4.  DuBiA.     Mich. 

H  ?  foliis  angustis- 
sime  longissimeque  gra- 
mineis ;  scapo  nudo  ;  spi- 
ca  gracili ;  floribus  par- 
vis,  sessilibus.  Mich.  1. 
p.  S13. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  244. 

Stem  2--2i  feet  high.     Fruit  unknown.     Mich 
Grows  in  sandy  soils,  in  Georgia  and  Florida. 
Flowers 


Leaves  grass-like,  very 
long  and  narrow  ;  scape 
naked  ;  spike  slender  ; 
flowers  small,  sessile. 


iiEXANnniA  trt(;yt?ta. 


423 


3.  Gkamine  V.     Holt.  Kcw. 


Scape  Icafv,  panicled;  ra- 
cemes divaricate  ;  leaves 
linear,  chaiuielled,  glau- 
cous underneath. 


II  ?  scapo  I'olioso,  pan- 
iculato  ;    raccn)is   (li\  aii- 
catis  :     luliis    linearil>iis,» 
canaliculalis,  subtus  glau- 
cis. 

But.  Map;.  No   1509.     Pui^li.  2.  p.  73.3. 

Itont  a  small  bulb.  Scape  about  2  feot  hiu;h,  with  small,  and  frt^ 
quently  rocurvcd  branclu's.  Petals  oblonu;,  acuminate.  Stamein 
much  shorter-  tliaii  the  petals. 

Found  on  the  imtiiutains  of  Georgia,  by  Mr.  Lyon.  Saluda  moun- 
tains, Dr.  Macbiide 

Flowers  July — August. 


G.  DioicA. 

H  ?  fuliis  lanceolatis. 
riul>carnosis,  cneiNil>us, 
radicalihus  spalhulatis  ; 
raccmis  simplicibus,  con- 
tbrtis.  dioicis.     E. 


Leaves  lanceolate,  some- 
what succulent,  witliout 
neives,  the  radical  leaves 
spathulatc  ;  racemes  sim- 
ple, crowded,  dioicous. 


-Melanthium  dioicuni,  Walt.  p.  120. 
Vcratrum  luteum.  .Sp.  pi.  4.  p.  897. 
llelonias  lutea,  llort.  Kew.  2.  p.  330. 

Hoot  tuberous  .''  prtcmorse,  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  1 — 2  feet 
high,  slightly  angled,  glabrous.  liadical  haves  3 — 4  inches  long,  the 
stem  leaves  narrower,  becoming  almost  linear,  all  entire,  vciy  gla- 
brous ;  pedicels  shorter  than  the  flowers.  Petals  linear,  oljtuse, 
white.  In  the  sterile  floirers  the  fdamenta  arc  longer  than  thu  corolla; 
anthers  2  lobed,  aOixcd  to  the  sides  of  the  filaments,  no  rudiment  of  a 
genn.  In  the  fertile  Jlowers  t\w  Jilaments  are  short,  imperfect ;  }^erm 
deej)lv  3  furrowed  ;  style  0  :  stia:inus  3,  rellected;  capsules  ovate,  ap- 
pressed  to  the  receptacle,  3  furrowed,  3  celled;  seeds  many  in  each 
cell,  angled,  acute. 

The  I^inniean  specific  name  is  inapplicable,  as  the  flowers  are  per- 
fectly white  :  when  dried  they  become  yellow. 

Professor  Ives,  of  New-Haven,  has  frccjui-ntly  used  the  root  of  (his 
plant,  which  is  very  bitter,  as  a  tonic,  and  mudi  commends  its  cflicacy 
in  checking  nausea  and  vonuting.  He  exhibits  it  in  the  form  of  in- 
fusion. 

Grows  in  <lamp,  poor  soils  ;  very  common. 

Flowers  May.  JJevWs  bit — Blazing-star. 

The  Helonias  and  its  kindre<l  genera,  (Mclantiiium,  V'eratrum  and 
Zigadenus),  appear  to  me  yet  to  recpiire  a  careful  examination.  In- 
stead of  formin;;  but  one  t^enus,  as  lias  lately  been  suggested  by  some 
European  botanists,  the  Helonia^,  as  now  described,  seems  to  contain 
the  rudiments  of  three  distinct  genera.    I  have  liad  no  opportunitj 


424<  HEXANDRTA    TRIGYNlA. 

lately  of  examining  these  plants  in  a  living  state,  and  comparino;  their 
fruit  with  the  accuracy  that  -would  be  necessary  for  a  new  disti  ibu- 
tion  ;  I  have  therefore  followed  the  latest  arrangement  that  has  been 
made  of  them,  and  merely  offer  this  hint  for  the  consideration  of  those 
mIio  may  have  better  opportunities  of  making  correct  researches. 


TOFIELDIA.     Hudson. 


Calyx  3 -fid us.  Corolla 
6'petala.  Capsulce  3,  ba- 
si  junctie,  polyspermjc. 

1.  PuBENS.     Mich. 

T.  caule  scabro  ;  fioi  i- 
bus  racemosis,  gemmis 
trifloris.     E. 


Calyx  3  cleft.  Corolla 
6  petalled.  Capmks  3, 
united  at  base,  man  v  seed- 


ed. 


Stem  scabrous ;  flowers 
in  racemes,  buds  3  flow- 
ered. 

T.  pubescens,  Pursh,  1.  p.  246. 
Narthccium  pubens,  Mich.  1.  p.  £09. 
Melanthium  racemosuni,  Walt.  p.  126. 

Root  perennial,  somewhat  tuberous.  Stem  1 — 2  feet  high,  simple, 
naked  near  the  summit,  with  the  peduncles  covered  and  ;oughened 
with  a  glandular  pubescence.  Leaves  ensiform,  narrow,  very  acute, 
sometimes  acuminate  glabrous  ;  the  upper  one  very  small,  the  lower 
(5 — 8  inches  long,  3-4  lines  wide.  Peduncles  as  long  as  the  flower. 
Calyx  \evy  small,  3  toothed,  scabrous.  Corolla  1  petalled  ^  divided 
to  the  base  ;  segments  lanceolate  and  obovate,  alternately  larger, 
glabrous,  green,  purplish  at  the  point.  Stamens  as  long  as  the  corol- 
la, attached  to  its  base.  Germ  superior,  somewhat  3  angled,  furrow- 
ed. Styles  short,  expanding.  Stigmas  capitate.  Capsule  3  angled, 
with  the  angles  rounded,  3  valved,  3  celled.  Seeds  2  in  each  cell, 
oval,  oblong. 

In  this  species  the  capsules  are  not  distinct. 

Grows  in  wet  pine  barrens.  Very  common  around  the  ponds  and 
savannahs  in  the  middle  country. 

Flowers  July — September. 

S.  Glaberrima.     Macbride. 


T.  glaberrima ;  floribus 
racemosis ;  gemmis  ap- 
proximatis,  fere  verticil- 
latis,  unifloris.     E. 

Root  thick,  somewhat  tuberous,  perennial.     Stem  terete,  2 — 3  feet 
high,  leafy  near  the  base.     Leaves  linear,  gladiate,  very  acute,  sheath- 


Very  glabrous ;  flowers 
in  racemes  ;  buds  ap- 
proximate, nearly  verti- 
cillate,  1  flowered.  , 


'5 


HEXAKDRIA   TRIGYNIA. 


495 


,u'^  tuo  sniu  at  tlicir  hast*.  Flowers  much  nxoie  crow'led  than  In  the 
'I'.  pubniH,  |)e(liiiiclf«*  sliitittT,  and  tlu*  Imds,  wliich  arc  one  flowered, 
are  jietioi ally  collccft-d  -4  w  :y  to<;etluT  at  >liort  infervaU,  surroutulinsj 
tlio  sfcin,  tlmu'^jh  i.ot  rt';^ularly  vorticillate  Cali^x  sinall,  3  lootht-d. 
I'ftals  oblono;,  oval,  white.  ^Stamens  rallier  Unger  than  the  corolla. 
Filumi'iils  (lilattMl.  Gfrm  3  angled.  •Vylfs  s'lort,  expanding.  Uti^ 
tuas  obtuse.      Cnpsnlrs  a  little  divaricate  at  tlic  hUinmit. 

Tlie  scpfis  I  have  not  been  able  to  di>titiirui!»h. 

Found  bv  Dr.  M:icbiide,  near  the  iivultts  ut  the  sand  hilU  near 
Columbia,  J^outh-Cartdina. 

Flower^  October. 


NOLIXA.     Mien. 


Corolla  6  parfet!,  CT- 
paiidiiig.  67/y/^s  very 
short.  Capsule  3  angled, 
incinhranuceous,  :)  cell- 
ed. Seed  solitary,  con- 
vex on  one  side. 


Corolla  6-partita,  pa- 
lens.  Stjfli  brcvissipii. 
Capsula  3-gona,  menibi-a- 
nacca,  3-locularis.  Sf^- 
mina  solitaria,  Iiinc  con- 
vexo-incurva. 

i.  Gkorgiana. 

Mich.  1.  p.  208.     Pursh,  l.p.240. 

Bulh  very  large,  tunicated.  Leaves  Ion*  linear,  coriaceous,  drr, 
scabrttus  alony;  the  edjjes.  -Scnpe  2 — 3  feet  hi^h.  furnished  near  tie 
ba^e  witli  small  subulate  scales.  Floivers  in  a  spreading;  ract'mose 
panirle,  small,  white.  Stamens  shorter  than  the  corolla.  Sti'^nias 
recurvetl,  obtuse.  Seed  with  a  hollo  a  on  the  interior  anj^le,  common- 
ly only  one  coming  to  maturity  in  each  capsule.     Mich. 

I  u>e  t!ie  description  of  Michuux  for  tliis  plant.  1  have  seen  the 
oot  and  leaves  but  n^t  the  flower  nor  SL*ed. 

(jrows  on  the  driest  sand  hills,  between  Orangeburgh  and  Columbia, 
South-Carolina. 

Flower*  April  ? 

MEDEOLA. 


Cahfx  0.  Corolla  0- 
partita,  revoluta.  JBucca 
3-sperma. 

1.    VlUGlNICA. 

M.  foliis  in  medio  raulc 
verticillatis,      suinmiiatc 
ternis,  lanceolatis,  acuini- 
V  3 


Cdlffv  0.  Corolla  ft 
[)arted.  rcvolutc.  Berry 
3  seeded. 

Leaves  verticillate  a- 
round  the  middle  of  llie 
stem,   by  tinces  at  tUe 


4tQ 


HEXANDRIA   TRIGYNIA. 


summit,  lanceolate,  acu--. 
minate,  entire  ;  pedicels 
clustered,  terminal. 


natis,  infegernmis ;  pedi- 
cellis  aggregates,  termi- 
XialibuSi   Pursh,  1,  p.  :e44. 

Sp.  pi.  £.  p.  270.    Walt.  p.  126.     Mich  1 .  p.  214. 

Perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  12 — 15  inches  high,  terete,  furnished 
at  each  joint  near  the  base  with  small  sheaths,  (clothed  with  a  decid-. 
nous  wool.  Mich.)  Leaves  forming  a  6 — 8  leaved  whorl  above  the 
middle  of  the  stem,  and  a  S  leaved  whorl  at  the  summit ;  all  lanceo- 
late, acuminate,  entire,  3  nerved,  membranows.  Flowers  few  ter- 
minal, shooting  from  the  centre  of  the  upper  whorl.  Corolla  pale 
yellow.  Stamens  longer  than  the  corolla.  Styles  expanding,  longer 
^an  th«  stamens. 

Grows  in  rich,  shaded  and  moist  soils,  generally  under  beach  trees.- 
flowers  May — July.  Virginian  Medeola% 

Indian  cucumber. 


TRILLIUM. 


CflZ/yo:  3  leaved.  Corolla 
3  petalled.  Berry  3  cel- 
led. 

Flower  sessile,  erect ; 
petals  lanceolate,  erect, 
twice  as  long  as  the  ca- 
lyx ;  leaves  sessile,  wide, 
oval,  acute. 


falyx  a-phyllus.  Co- 
rolla 3-petala.  Bacca  3- 
locularis. 

i.  Sessile. 

T.  flore  sessili,  erecto ; 
petalis  lanceolatis,  erectis, 
calyce  duplo  longioribus ; 
foliis  sessilibus,  lato-oval- 
ibus,  acutis.    Pursh,  l.  p. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  272.     Walt.  p.  126.     Mich.  1.  p.  215. 

Root  thick,  solid,  with  rings  on  the  circumference,  which,  perhaps^ 
indicate  each  years  growth.  Stem  herbaceous,  6 — 12  inches  high, 
glabrous,  spotted,  with  small  decaying  sheaths  at  base.  Leaver 
3  at  the  summit  of  the  stem,  ovate,  or  oval,  acute,  5  nerved,  the 
2  exterior  obsolete,  curiously  spotted.  Flowers  sessile  on  the 
summit  of  the  stem.  Calyx  3  leaved,  leaves  oblong,  ovate,  erect, 
glabrous,  green.  Petals  spathulate,  lanceolate,  erect  or  connivent, 
twice  as  long  as  the  calyx,  dark  purple.  Filaments  flat,  rigid,  not 
hair  as  long  as  the  calyx,  dark  purple.  Anthers  linear,  attached  to 
the  sides  ot  tiie  filaments,  pale  purple.  Germ  superior,  ovate,  3  an« 
gled.  Styles  short,  expanding.  Stigma  obtuse.  Berry  glabrous,, 
depressed,  dark  purple. 

Grows  in  rich,  high  lands.  The  snly  specie*  found  near  the  seft. 
coast. 

riowe»"«  March— AprH* 


HEXANDRIA  TRIGYNIAr 


42^^ 


JB.  VrsiixuM.     Mich. 

T.  foliis  ovali-ol)loiip;is, 
obtusis,  scssilibus  ;  pc- 
diinculo  crecto  ;  pctalis 
calycc  vix  lonf^ioribuB. 


Leaves  oval,  oblong, 
obtuse,  sessile ;  peduncle 
erect  ;  petals  scarcely 
longer  than  the  calyx. 


Mich.  l.p.  215. 

T.  puiniluin,  Pursh,  1.  p.  245. 

Plant  humble.     L^rtrrs  sesile.    Pefafs  of  a  pale  flesh  colour.    Mich^ 
Grows  in  tlie  pine  barrens  of  the  low  country  of  Carolina. 
Flowers 


3.    E  RECTUM. 

T.  pc(hinculo  inclinato, 
flore  nutante  ;  petahs  o- 
vatis,  acuminatis,  plaiiis, 
patentilnis,  calycc  latiori- 
biis  ;  foliis  lato-rhom- 
boidcis,  acuminaiis,  sessi- 
libus.      Fursli,  i.  p.  245. 


Peduncle  inclining;, 
flower  nodding ;  petals 
ovate,  acuminate,  flat, 
expanding,  wider  than 
the  calyx ;  leaves  wide, 
rhoinlioidal;  acuminate, 
sessile. 


Sp.  pi.  2   p.  271 

T.  rlioinboiiieum,  far.  a,  b.  Mich.  1.  p.  215. 

Peduncles  2-3  inches  lonj;,  nearly  erect. 

Var.  a.  antrnpurpureum ;  with  flowers  large  ;  petals  dark  purpleu 
b.  album;  with  llowers  about  half  tlie  size  of  the  preceding; 
petals    wliite,    obtuse,  acuminate.    Mich.      Berries  darj^ 
purple 
"Grows  in  boggy  soils,  on  the  raohntains. 
Flowers  May. 

4.  Or  AND  IF  LOR  UM.     Sallsburv. 


Peduncle  erect ;  petals 
longer  than  the  calyx, 
connivent  at  base. 


T.  pcdunculo  crecto  ; 
pctalis  calyce  longioribus, 
basi  conniventibus.  Hort. 
Kew.  2.  p.  329. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  24G. 

T.  rhomboideum,  far.  b.  ?  grandiflorum,  Mich.  1.  p.  216. 

Flower  slightly  nodding.    Petala  much  larger  than  the  calyx,  ivhitt 
Berries  dark  purple.     Leaves  rhoinboidal,  acute. 
Grows  in  rocky,  rich,  damp  soils,  in  tlie  mountains. 
Flowers  May. 


4S8 


HEXANDRIA   TRIGYNIA. 


5.  Erythrocarpum.     Mich* 


T.  pedunciilo  reclinato ; 
petalis  ovali-Ianceolatis, 
acuiis,  recurvatis.  calyce 
subduplo-longioribus;  fo- 
liis  ovatis,  acuminalis,  ba- 
si  rotundalis,  abrupte  at- 
tenuatis. 

.:  Mich.  1.  p.  216. 
T.  pictum,  Pursh,  1,  p.  244. 

Leaves  very  wide  for  their  length,  when  large  almost  cordate,  as 
noticed  by  Micliaux.  Peduncle  nearly  an  inch  long.  Corolla  white, 
with  purple  veins  at  base. 

Grows  in  bogs,  on  high  mountains  ;  Pursh.  Perdleton  county, 
South-Carolina  J  Messrs.  Baker  &,  Perry. 


Peduncle  declining ;  pe- 
tals oval  lanceolate,  acute, 
recurved,  twice  as  long 
as  the  calyx  ;  leaves  o- 
vate,  acuminate,  rounded 
at  base,  abruptly  attenu- 
ate. 


6.  Pendulum.     Wilkl.  Hort.  Berol. 

T.  pedunculo  brevi,  re- 
curvati),  flore  pendulo ; 
pttalis  ovatis,  acuniinatis, 
patentibus,  calycem  se- 
quantibus ;  toliis  subro- 
tundo-rhomboitleis,  acu- 
niinatis, subsessilibus. 


Pursh,  1.  p.  246. 


Peduncle  short,  re- 
curved, flower  pendu- 
lous ;  petals  ovate,  acu- 
minate, expanding,  about 
as  large  as  the  calyx  ; 
haves  nearly  round, 
rhoinboidal,  acuminate, 
somewhat  sessile. 


Leaves  nearly  round,  with  an  abrupt,  slender  and  rather  long  acu- 
wination.  {^Peduncle  incWnei],  Pursh.)  In  my  specimens  the  pedun- 
cle is  more  recurved  an<i  shorter  than  in  tlie  T.  cernuum.  Flowers 
small.  Leaves  of  the  caly.v  ovate,  acuminate.  (Petals  of  a  dirty 
white,  with  netted  veins.     Pursh.) 

(jrows  in  the  mountains,  from  Pennsylvania  to  Carolina. 

Flowers  April—May. 


7.  Cernuum. 

T.  pedunculo  recurva- 
to  ;  petalis  lanceolatis, 
acuminatis,  planis,  reflex- 
is,  calycem  sequantibus ; 
foliis  diiutato-rhomboide- 


Peduncle  recurved  ; 
petals  lanceolate,  acumi- 
nate, flat,  reflected,  as 
long  as  the  calyx  ;  leaves 
dilated,   ihomboidal,  ab- 


inXVNDRTA    TRIG^TfflA- 


429 


rujitly  acuminate,  on  short 
petioles. 


Is,     alMMiptc    acumiDatis, 
brevisjiiine   pcliolaiis. 
Piiisli,  1.  ]).  HhJ. 

J!ip.  pi.  £.  p.  271. 

The  largest  sppcies  yet  known  in  tMs  genus.  Pursh  says  the 
leares  ar«  somelino*  9  inches  wide:  pi'«luiicle8  -2 — 3  indies  long, 
perhaps  longer  in  lar;^c  plants.  I'ctals  wliite.  1  have  specimens  from 
the  mountains  of  Carolina  in  .vhich  the  peihidcleH  arc  scarcely  an  iuclx 
long,  and  the  petals  rather  larger  than  the  leaves  of  the  calyx. 

Grows  in  shadoil,  rich,  rocky  soils. 

Flowers  April — May. 


Peduncle  recurved  ; 
petals  lanceolate,  larsier 
tfian  the  calyx ;  leaves 
ohovate  and  oval,  acumi- 
nate, tapering  at  base. 


8.  CATE<»n.r.i.     E. 
'I',  peduriculo  recurva- 

to  ;  potalis  laiiccola'is,  ca- 
lyce  njajori!)Us  ;  tbiiis  o- 
hovalis  oviirr)U.sqae,  acu- 
miiiaiis,  basi  attenuatis. 
E. 

Catesby,  Carol.  I.  p.  45.  t.  45. 
T.  ccrnumn,  Mich.  1.  p.  216.*' 

leaves  4  —  6  inches  long,  rather  obovate,  3  inches  wide,  tapcrino; 
to  the  base  and  not  abruptly  acuminate  at  tiio  summit.  Petals  lance- 
olate, expanding,  undulate  .^  rose  coloured.  Leaves  of  the  calyx  long, 
narrow. 

It  is  remarkable  with  what  facility  we  sometimes  drop  the  species 
of  our  predecessois  as  inaccurate,  when  t!>ey  have  not  recently 
occurred  to  our  observation.  Pursh  says,  under  the  T.  ccrnuum, 
on  the  authority  of  Sir  James  I'^.  !Smith,  that  tlie  figure  of  Catesby  is 
so  inaccurate  it  cannot  be  <|uoted  without  creating  confusion  ,  yet 
I  have  before  mo  specimens  agreeing  minutely  with  the  fi:;ure  of  Cates 
by,  and  collected  in  Pendleton  at  the  head  waters  of  the  Saluda  and 
Savannah  rivers,  precisely  where  l'atesl)y  informs  us  his  plant  was 
found.  This  is  probably  the  original  T.  cernuum  of  Linnreus,but  that 
name  has  been  transferred  to  another  plant. 

Pendleton  county.  South-Carolina;  Mesra.  Baker  &  Perry. 

Flower*  April — May. 

9.  NcRVosi  .M.     E. 

T.  pcdiinciilo  recurva-  |  Peduncle   recurved  ; 

to  ;  petalis  ol>longo-lan-  I  petals  oblong  lanceolate, 
ceolatis,  calyce  niajori-  j  lai  cer  than  the  calyx ; 
bus  i  loliis  lanceolatis  o-  |  leaves  lanceolate  and  o- 


430  HEXAKDRIA    TRIGYNIA. 


vate,  acute  at  each  end, 
membranaceous,  nerved^ 


vatisque,  utrinque  acutis, 
membranaceis,  nervosis. 
E. 

Plant  6 — 8  Inches  high.  Leaves  generally  narrower  than  thosfe  of 
the  T.  sessile,  most  commonly  lanceolate,  membranaceous,  somewhat  8 
nerved.     Peduncles  about  an  inch  long.     Petals  rose  coloured. 

Grows  in  the  upper  and  middle  country  of  Georgia  and  Carolina* 
Athens ;  Mr.  Green.  Tlie  T.  cernuum  of  Walter  probably  belongs  to 
this  species. 

Flowers  April — May. 

This  genus  is  a  very  iuteresting  one.  Under  great  simplicity  and  conformity 
of  habit,  3  leaves  at  the  summit  of  a  stem,  supporting  one  solitai^'  terminal 
flower,  it  contains  and  conceals  many  species.  To  those  inserted  above,  I  will 
add  two  species  still  in  my  herbarium,  although  I  do  not  know  that  they  are  na- 
tives of  the  Southern  States.  I  am  indebled  for  them  to  Mr.  Kin  of  Philadelphia, 
by  whom  they  were  collected  in  the  mountains  of  Pennsylvania 

T.  ■unihilaUim.  Foliis  ovatis,  acuminatis  ;  flore  pedunculato  erecto;  petalis 
©blongis,  undulatis,  patentibus.     Kin 

Leaves  sessile,  ovate  ;  peduncle  short,  erect ;  petals  much  larger  than  the 
calyx 

This  is  probably  the  T.  undulatum  of  Willdenow.  (Hort.  Berol.)  Pursh,  un- 
der his  T.  pictum,  refers  to  Willd.  But  to  the  T.  pictum  this  plant  has  no  af- 
finity    It  is  the  only  species  I  have  seen  with  a  real  ovate,  sessile  leaf. 

T.  frurprirenm.  Kin.  Foliis  spathuiato-ovatis,  acuminatis,  venoso-nervosis  r 
flore  pedunculato  cernuo  ;  ])etalis  calyce  majoribus,  atro-purpureis 

This  species  is  most  nearly  allied  to  T.  cernuum^  from  which,  however,  it  m. 
sufficiently  distinct. 


SABAL. 


>*- 


Spathce  partiales.  Fil-  \  Spathes  partial.  Fila 
amenta  libera,  basi  incras-  |  me?its  free,  thickened  at 
sata.  Bacca?  l-sperma.  |  base.  Bavrij  l-seeded. 
Sen  I  en  osseum.  (  Seed  bony. 

1.   PUMILA.      Walt. 

Sabal  Adansoni,  Pursh,  1.  p.  2S9.     Pers.  1.  -d  399. 
Chamffirops  acaulis,  Mich.  1.  p.  207. 
Corypha  pumila,  VValt.  p.  119. 
Rhapis  acaulis,  Sp  pi.  4.  p.  1093. 

iJoof  creeping.  StemO  Lmi-cs  flabelIiform,3 — 4  feet  high.  Stipes 
unequally  compressed,  naked.  Scape  4 — 6  feet  high,  panicled.  Flow- 
ers nearly  sessile,  small.  Calyx  3  parted.  Corolla  3  cleft.  Berry 
rather  drupe,  nearly  round,  bluish  black. 

Grows  very  abundantly  on  the  sea  islands,  along  the  coast  of  Caro- 
lina and  Georgia ;  covering  in  many  places  the  most  sandy  soils;- 
Scarcely  diflTering  from  the  next  genus. 

Flowers  June — Augusts  Dwarf  palmett&f 


HEXANDRTA    TItlGYNIA. 


431 


CHAM.EROPS. 


Spathn  comprcssa.  Spa- 
ill  ramosus.  ('altf.v  3- 
j)arlitiis.  Corolla  8-pc- 
tala.  Filamrnta  siibmo- 
nodclpha.  Dvitjnc  3,  ino- 
nospcrnuL'. 

i.  Seriiulata. 

C.   caudicc    rcpente  : 

stipitihus   aculeato-scna- 

tis;  fVondibus  plicato-pal- 

niatis      Pursh,  1.  p.  289. 

Sp.  pi.  4.  p.  1155.     Mich.  1 .  p.  206. 

Fronds  about  2  feet  high,  w\th  the  stem  on  stipes  most  sliarply  ser* 
rate.  Scape  paniculate  Flowers  «inall,  only  one  germ  comin<»-  to 
maturity,  producinij;  a  bluish  black  drupe.  ° 

Grows  on  tlie  southern  inlands  of  (Jarolina  ;  more  common  in  Geor* 
gia,  where  it  extends  through  the  flat  pine  barrens. 

Flowers  July — Augnst, 


•S^)/^///^  compressed.  Spa- 
dix  bianchiiii:;.  Calijx  3 
palled.  Corolla  3  p' tai- 
led. Filaments  somewhat 
monodcl  pilous.  Drupes 
3,  one  seeded. 

Caiidex  creeping,  stipes 
sharply  serrate ;  frond? 
plaited  palmate. 


Caiidex  creepins;;  stipes 
interFninded  with  long: 
thorns ;  Ironds  plaited^ 
pahnate. 


2.  TIystrix.     Fraser. 

C.  caudice  rcpente  ; 
stipitihus  aculcis  longissi- 
mis  intcrniixtis ;  frondi- 
bus  plicato-palmatis. — 
Pursh,  1.  p.  240. 

This  palm  was  first  noticed  by  the  late  IMr.  Fraser.  The  leaves 
or  fronds  attain  tlie  height  of  4 — 5  feet.  It  is  remarkable  for  the 
thorns,  like  porcupine  tjuiils,  whicli  grow  from  the  root  intermingled 
with  the  fronds.  It  is  found  in  rich,  clayey  soils,  along  the  margins  of 
swamps,  and  from  its  peculiar  deep  green  coldUr,  is  sometimes  called 
"  blue  palmetto  " 

Flowers  June — August. 


3.    PATiMETTO. 

C.    caudice    arboreo 


Caudcx  arborescent 


stipitibus  inermibus ;  spa-  |  stij)es  unaroied  ^  spatlies 


48S 


HEXVNDItlA   TETRAGYNIA. 


doubled  ;  fronds  plaited, 


this  duplicatis ;  frondibus 

plicato-palmaiis.     Sp.  pi.     palmate. 

p.  1  i55. 

Mich.  1.  p.  200.       Pursli,  1.  p  240. 
Cnrypha  palmetto,  Walt.  p.  Ii9. 
Mich.  Arbies  forest. 

Stem  sometimes  attaining  a  height  of  40 — 50  fcef,  12 — 15  inches  in 
diameter.  The  fronds  5  or  6  feet  in  lengtli.  growing  at  the  very 
summit  of  tl>€  tree,.     Floivers  in  naked  panicles.    Drupe  bluish  black. 

This  palm  possesses  a  great,  and  to  tliis  country  an  increasing  value. 
It  i-^  the  only  tree  produced  in  our  forests  which  is  not  attacked  oy 
the  teredo  navalis  or  ship-worm  ;  and  as  it  is  incorruptible  in  salt- 
%vater,  its  value  for  submarine  construction  is  almost  incalculable. 

Its  leaves  can  be  employed  in  tUv  manufacture  of  hats,  baskets, 
mats,  and  many  other  purposes  of  domestic  economy  ;  and  the  "  cab- 
bage" composed  of  the  unexpanded  embrvo  leaves  may  be  classed 
aniotig  the  most  delicious  vegetables  produced  on  our  tables.  It  is 
however  a  wasteful  luxuiy,  as  the  tree  always  perishes  when  deprived 
of  this  part  of  its  foliage 

Grows  along  the  sea  coast  of  Carolina  and  Georgia,  confined  to  the 
neighborhood  of  salt-water  j  preferring  damp,  rich  soils. 

Flowers  Juue — July.  Tall  palmetto. 

WVVWVWVW«/WWW<  vwvwvw. 

TETRAGYJSIA. 

Vw  v%A  vw  www  vw  www  w» 


SAUIIURUS. 


Calyx  an  amentum  with 
1  flowered  scales.    Corol- 


la 0. 
ed. 


Berries  4,  i  seed- 


Calyx  amentum  squa- 
mis  unifluris.  ( 'orolla 
0.  Bacccc  4,  monosper- 
mse. 

i.  Cernuus. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  292.     Mich.  1.  p.  218.     Pursh,  1  p.  252. 
Anon,  aquatic.  Walt-  p.  127. 

Rout  perennial,  somevi^hat  creeping.  Stem  herbaceous,  1 — 2  feet 
high,  furrowed,  hairy.  Leaver  alternate,  cordate,  slightly  acuminate, 
entire,  pubescent,  a  little  glaucous  underneath  Floivers  in  spikes, 
opposite  the  leaves,  cernuous  Calyx  1  leaved,  tubular,  hairy,  the  tube 
Bplit  on  the  upper  side,  the  border  lanceolate,  acute,  shorter  than  the 
tube.  Filaments  6,  longer  than  the  calyx,  inserted  at  the  base  of  the 
germ.    Jinth%rs  attached  to  the  sides  oi"  the  filaments.    Germs  3—5, 


IIEXANDRIA    m:\'AGYNlA, 


439 


iti()*;t  e:tnierally  4,  unitcil  on  tlie  inner  »i»lc  on  pedicels  51s  lone4Wth^->w 
tubo  of  tlif  (  alyx     Stigmas  sliorter  tlian  tlie  stamens,  ubtU8e,|ljfleated.    -  "^ 
Grows  in  bojrs  and  ponds  ;  very  common.  /    '/'' 

Flowers  May — July.  Sivaihp' tilljfi 

The  fresh  rout  is  bruised  and  applied  cold  in  form  of  a  poultice  ^ 
inilauicd  surfaces  as  an  emollient  and  discuticnt.  \  r'  \        \ 


HEXAGYXIA^ 


WW  www  «'V%\ 


WENDLANDIA.     Willd. 


CnJifx  6  leaved. 
roUa  G    petal  led. 
snlcs  0,  I -celled,  i 
cd. 


Co. 

Cap^ 
seed- 


Cahjx  O-phyllus.  Co- 
roUa  fi-petala.  Capsnlcc 
G,  uniloculares,  moiio- 
^pcrmsB. 

1.    POPULIFOLIA. 

Sp.  pi    2.  p.  275.     Pursh,  1.  p.  252. 

Stem  shrubby,  scandent,  with  terete  branches,  tlie  younfjer  pube3# 
cent  and  striata.  Ijeaves.  alternate,  petiolate,  cordate,  ovate,  mucro- 
iiatc  as  with  a  eland,  entire,  veined,  u;l«ibrous  above,  pubescent  un- 
derneath. J'etinlnt  long,  pubescent  Racemes  simple,  half  as  long  as 
the  petioles.  aboA  e  the  axils.  Peduncles,  bracteas  and  calyx  exter- 
nally pubescent.     Flowers  small,  white.     Willd. 

This  plant  has  hitherto  escaped  the  researches  of  all  of  our  botan«- 
ists.  P'.irsh  supposes  it  to  be  the  Cissampelos  smilacina  of  LiiuKtus, 
tiie  Menispcrmum  Carolinianum  of  Walter  and  Michaux  ;  yet  I  can- 
not reconcile  the  '•  capsules  0,  one  celled,  one  seeded,"  of  tlic  Wend- 
fandia  to  the  one  seeded  berry  of  the  Meniiipcrnium. 

Grows  in  Carolina.     Willd.  Poplaj-4eaved  ff'endlanduh 


POLYGYRIA. 


ALISMA.     Gen.  pl.  625. 


Cahix  3-phyllus.  Pe- 
tala  3.  Cap.sulcc  plurcs, 
monospcrmop. 

g3 


Cali/x  3  leaved.  Petafs 
3.  Capsules  many,  one 
seeded. 


434t 


HEXANDRIA  POLYGYNIA, 


1.  Trivia  LIS.     Pursh. 

A.  foliis  ovalibus,  cor- 
datisque,  obtusissimis.  9- 
nervibus  ;  floribus  verti- 
cil lato  paniculatis ;  fruc- 
tibus  obtuse  trigonis. — 
Pursh,  i.p  i52. 

Alisma  plantago,  Mich.  l.p.  218. 

Grows  in  ditches  and  ponds,  from  Carolina  to  Florida.    Pursh. 
Flowers  July. 


Leaves  oval,  cordate, 
very  obtuse,  9  nerved ; 
flowers  in  verlicillate 
panicles  ;  fruit  obtusely 
3  angled. 


Leaves  oval  and  cor- 
date, slightly  acuminate, 
7  nerved  ;  flowers  in  ver- 
ticillare  panicles;  fruit  ob- 
tusely 3  angled. 


2.  Parviflora.     Pursh. 

A.  foliis  ovalibus  cor- 
datisque,  paulo  acuinina- 
tis,  7-nervibus ;  floiitms 
verticillato  paniculatis  ; 
fructibus  obtuse  trigonis. 
E. 

Pursh,  1.  p  253. 

Root  creeping-  Leaves  1 — 3  inches  long;,  oval,  slightly  acuminate, 
aoiuetimes  rounded  at  base,  the  old  generally  cordate  ^cupe  iO — 18 
inches  long,  branching  ?  branches  all  verticillate.     Flowers  small. 

Grows  in  salt  marshes  ;  Pursh.  My  specimens  which  appear  to 
belong  to  this  species,  are  from  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina. 

Flowers  July — August. 


leaves  li- 
subulate  ;    umbels 


3.    SUBULATA. 

A.    pusilla  ;    foliis    li-  |      Plant  striate  ; 
neari-subulatis;  uml)ellis  |  near 
simplicibus.    Pursh,  i.p.  |  simple. 

Clayton,  p.  57.  No.  723      Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  279. 

Plant  small,  with^otr^rs  large  in  propoition 
Grows  in  inundated  soils,  from  New-York  to    Floiida. 
bia  ?  South-Carolina. 
Flowers  August. 


Pursh. 


Colum- 


CLASS  VII. 

UEVTjiXDRIA  MOXOGrXIA 
246.  ^SCULr.-^. 


iESCL'LUS. 


CaJiix  1-pliylliis,  4 — 5 
(lentaliis,  vcntricosus.  Co- 
rolla 4 — 5  petala,  iiirc- 
(jualis,  cal\ti  iiiserta. 
Capsula  3-locuIaris.  Se- 
mina  magna,  sulitaria. 

i.     P    VIA. 

tE.  foliis  quinatis,  c;la- 
bris,  inaHjualiter  denta- 
tis  ;  comliis  tetrapctalis  ; 
pctaloiuni  comiivcntiuin 
ijii2;uibus  longitudine  ca- 
Ivcis.     Sp.  pi.  ;>.  p.  286. 


Cahjx  1 -leaved,  4-.5 
toothed,  vcntricose.  (*o- 
rolla  4 — .>  pctalled,  une- 
qual, inserted  into  the  ca- 
lyx. Cajfside  3- celled, 
^ceds  large,  solitary. 

Leaves  by  fives,  gla- 
brous, unequally  toothed ; 
corolla  4  petalled  ;  the 
claws  of  the  connivent 
petals  as  long  as  the  ca- 
lyx. 

Pursh,  1   p  254. 


Walt,  p    128.     Mich.  1.  p.  219. 

A  shrub  generally  5 — 5  feet  hii;h  in  tlie  low  country,  Bninptimeg 
becoiiiiiig;  a  >mHll  tiec  near  the  inuuntairi<s :  brunclies  irie;;uiai,  tlnck, 
obtuse.  Fluuers  in  tcnninul  racenu's,  with  tlie  buils  lew  flowired. 
Pftals  unequal,  of  a  brijlit  scarlet  colour  Stamens  unequal,  nearly 
a.s  long  as  the  petals.     Cajifults  nearly  round,  coriaceous,  3  celled. 

(iruwij  in  louse  boils,  |)iolerririg  rich  places. 

Flowers  April— M.iy.  Buck^s-Ei/e. 

'I'he  narcotic  property  of  this  shrub,  has  given  rise  to  a  singular 
mode  of  taking  fisii,  piactised,  tliou;:h  not  frequently,  in  some  pails  of 
t'.iis  state.  The  tender  brandies  aie  bruise«l  and  thrown  into  a  pool 
of  small  extent,  the  water  i:i  then  agitated  until  if  becomes  sufticient- 
Iv  iinpre4;nated  to  ^llcct  t!ie  fish  ;  they  rise  to  tlie  surface  alnio.-.t 
lifeless  and  nia\  be  taken  by  the  hand.  The  powdered  seed  may  be 
Used  with  equal  effect.  Fish  taken  in  this  manner  are  eaten  wiili 
ini|)unity. 

The  root  of  the  Buck's-Eyc  is  used  as  a  substitute  for  soap  is 
wasliinj:  woollen  clothes. 


436 


HEPTANDRIA   MONOGYNiA,. 


2.  DrsroLOR.     Pursh. 

M.  foliis  qiiinatfe,  u 
tjinque  acumiiatis,  siib- 
tus  tomentosis,  insequali 
ter  serrulatis  ;   unguibus 
petalorum  longitudine  ca- 
Ijvcis.     Pursh,  1.  p.  ^55. 


Leaves  quiriate,  acu» 
minate  at  each  end,  to- 
mentose  underneath,  un- 
equally serrulate  ;  th& 
claws  of  the  petals  as 
long  as  the  calyx. 


A  shrub,  not  above  4  feet  high.  Racemes  compound,  with  the  buds 
many  flowered.  (  orolla  variegated  with  yellow,  white  and  purple. 
Stamens  7,  shorter  than  the  corolla.     Fruit  unawned.     Pursli, 

Found  by  Mr.  Lyon  in  the  western  districts  of  Georgia. 

Flowers  May. 

3.  Flava. 

M  foliis  quinatis,  sub- 
tus  ad  costam  pubescen- 
tibus,  fequaliter  serrula- 
tis ;  corollis  tetrapetalis ; 
petalorum  conniventium 
unguibus  calyce  longiori. 
bus.     Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  286. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  255. 

JE.  lutea,  Mich.  1.  p.  219. 

Stem  frute?cent  or  arborescent,  varying  in  height  from  5  to  70  feet*^- 
branches  terete,  glabrous,  flexuous.  Leaves  opposite,  quinate  ;  leaf- 
lets sessile,  lanceolate,  acuminate,  ribbed  ;  the  lower  surface  sparing- 
ly sprinkled  with  hair.  Common  petiole  4 — 6  inches  long.  Flow- 
ers in  a  racemose  terminal  panicle,  branches  expanding,  2 — 6  flowered. 
Peduncles  pubescent.  Calyx  nearly  cylindrical,  very  pubescent,  5 
cleft,  with  the  segments  obtuse.  Corolla  irregular,  twice  as  long  as 
the  calyx,  pale  yellow ;  the  2  upper  petals  linear,  longer,  dilated  at 
the  summit,  the  2  lateral  oval,  narrowed  at  base  ;  all  pubesceet,  vil- 
lous near  the  base.  Filaments  7,  subulate,  hairy,  unequal,  about  the 
length  of  the  corolla.    Fruif  unarmed. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina  and  Georgia,  where  it  becomes 
a  tree.    In  Columbia  county,  Georgia,  I  have  seen  it  4 — 6  feet  high. 

Flowers  March — April  Yellow-fiowered  ^scuhts. 


Leaves  by  fives,  pubes- 
cent underneath  neai  the 
midrib,  equally  serrulate ; 
corolla  4  petalled,  with 
the  claws  of  the  coimi- 
vent  petals  longer  than 
the  calyx. 


4.  Macrostachya. 
JEi.  fohis  quinatis,  sub- 
tiis  tomentosis  :  racemo 


Leaves  quinate,  tomen- 
tose  underneath  ;  raceme 


OCTANDRIA    MOT^OGYNIAv 


43r 


very  loiio; ;  corolla  4  pc- 
talled,  expanding  ;  sta- 
mens very  long. 


lon»5ssimo  ;  corollis  4- 
pctalis,  piitulis  ;  stamini- 
biis  loni;issinic  exeitis. 
Pmsli,  1.  p.  233. 

Mich.  1.  p.  C'20. 
yEscuIiis  parviflora,  Walt.  p.  12S. 

A  small  shrub,  3  4  feot  l)i.;!i.  Leaflets  nbovate,  acuminate,  aerru' 
lat'S  tnmentDse  untlcrneatlj  Flowfra  in  very  ionii;  racemes,  white; 
buds  1  flowered.     Stamens  nearly  three  times  as  long  as  the  corolla. 

(fpnvs  near  rivulet'*  in  the  upper  districts  of  Georgia  and  Carolina^ 

Flowers  April — May. 


CLASS   VIIL 

OCTANDRIA. 


MOJ^OGrJ\*Ll. 

254. 

DIRCA. 

235. 

ACER. 

247. 

RHEXIA 

f:48. 

OKNOrilKRA; 

TRIGFJVIJl. 

249. 

EIMLOBIUM. 

«50. 

nAl'RA. 

256. 

POI.YGONITM. 

2J1. 

oxvco("ros. 

257. 

CMiDIOSPERxMUM 

£52. 

MKNZIKSIA. 

258. 

SAPINDUS. 

C53. 

ELLIOTTIA. 

RHKXIA.     Gen.  i»l.  &s6. 


Coli/x  4-fidu9.  Corol- 
la  4-pela!a,  calyci  inserta. 
Ant/wrrp  dec linatse.  Cap- 
suld  4-loeida:iSjintra  vcn- 
trem  calvcis. 

*  Antheris  inciimheiiti- 
hus. 

1.  Mariana. 
\\.  liirsuta  ;    foliis  lan- 
ceolatis,  utiinquc  aculi."!^, 


Califx  4  cleft.  CoroU 
la  4  pctalled,  inserted  in- 
to the  calyx.  Anthers  de* 
clincd.  C«;;67//^  4  celled, 
within  the  bosom  of  the 
calyx. 

*  Anthers  incumbent. 


Hirsute  ,•  leaves  lance- 
olate, acute  at  each  end, 


438 


OCTANDRTA    MONOGYNIA. 


3  nerved  :  calyx  tubular 
nearly  glabrous. 


trinervihus  ;  calyce  tuhu- 
Jopo,  g'abriuscLilo.    Mich. 

i.  p.  22i. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  301.     Walt.  p.  150.     Pursh,  1.  p.  257. 

Perennial.  Stem  1 — 2  feet  high,  terete,  furrowed.  Lmves  some^ 
times  ovate  lanceolate,  serrate,  ciliate.  t'lnwers  in  the  divisions  and 
at  the  termination  of  t'le  branches.  Calyx  ventricose  near  the  base  ; 
the  se<:inerits  half  as  long;  as  the  tube,  a)id  with  a  few  hairs  scattered 
round  the  throat.  I^etnls  obliquely  obovate.  larjje,  hairy  on  the  outer 
surface,  purple.  Filaments  inserted  at  the  throat  of  the  calyx.  Jin- 
titers  incumbent,  versatile,  ionij,  1  celled,  opening  at  the  summit,  yel- 
low. Style  much  longer  than  the  stamens  Capsule  includfd  in  the 
persistent  calyx  Seeds  numerous,  attached  to  a  receptacle  ia  the 
centre  of  eac'^  cell 

Grows  in  all  humid  soils. 

Flowers  June — September. 


Hirsute;  leaves  linear 
and  linear  lanceolate, 
somewhat  clustered ;  root 
creeping  ? 


2.  Angustifolia.     E. 

R.  hiisuta;  foliis  iinear- 
ibus,  lineari-lanceolatis- 
que,  sub  fasciculatis  ;  ra- 
dice  repente  ?     E. 

Rhexia  lanceolata,  Walt  p.  129. 

Rhexia  mariana,  var.  exalbida,  Mich.  1   p    221.     Pursii,  1.  p.  258. 

I  have  always  been  disposed  to  join  with  Walter  in  separating  this 
plant  from  the  R.  mariana.  Its  habit,  as  far  as  1  have  seen  it,  is  dis- 
tinct. It  grows  in  small  patches  like  a  creeping  plant,  not  singly,  or 
thinly  scattered.  Its  leaves  are  more  numerous  on  the  stem,  very 
narrow  :  its  ilowers  smaller  than  those  of  the  K.  mariana,  and  the  petals 
generally  white. 

Grows  in  damp  soils.     Near  Savannah. 

Flowers  June — August. 


3.  Glabella.     Mich. 

R.  glabra ;  caule  tereti ;         Glal)rous ;  stem  terete ; 

foliis    lanceolatis   ovatis-  leaves  Lmceolate  and  o- 

que,  trinervibus,  denticu-  vate,  3  nerved,  denticu- 

latis,  glaucescentibus ;  ca-  late,    sliglUly    glaucous  ; 

lycibus  glutinosis.     E.  calyx  glutinous. 

Mich.  1.  p.  222.     Pursh,  1.  p.  258. 
R.  alifanus,  Walt,  p    130. 

Stem  2 — 5  fctt  high,  glabrous,  slightly  furrowed.     Leaves  glabrous, 
tessile,  with  a  few  serraturcs  near  the  summit.    Calyx  sprinkled  with 


OCTINDRIA    MONOOY^'IA. 


439 


Tiscid  hairs.  Petals  somewhat  acute,  gibbous  on  one  side,  large,  pur« 
pie. 

The  leares  and  stem  of  this  plant  have  a  very  iiweet  taste,  and  thejr 
irp  Haiti.  tlKui^h  I  know  not  ifuiion  ^oml  atitlioritv,  to  b<'  a  favourite 
foctii  of  otir  (lerr.     'I'lu-y  arc  eaten  b^  children  with  iinpuriitj. 

Cintvvs  ill  ^filV,  «Iainp  soils. 


JDeer  grass. 

Stem  nt^arly  square,  e;Ia- 
bmiH  ;  leaves  ovate  lan- 
ceolate, serrulate,  ciliate, 
;3  nerved,  ^la!)r(ju.s  ini- 
(Icnieath;  flowers  witli 
•\n  involucrum. 


Klower.s  June — August. 

4.  Cii.i  )sv      Mich. 

U.  caule  suhquadrato, 
glahro :  foUis  ovato-laii 
ceolafis,  sei  rulati>-',  cilia- 
tis.  triucrvibus,  sul)lusn;la. 
bris  ;  floribus  involucra- 
tis.     K. 

Mich.  1.  p.  ^21.     Piirsh,  1.  p.  tljS. 
Rliexia  peti>lata,  Walt.  p.  130. 
Stem  about  18  inches  hiirh.      Leai'ps  som*»timcs  lanceolate,  acutely 
8f>rrulate,  with  the  Sfrratures  fiiiii^ed.  tiie  upper  surface  hairv.     Peti- 
oles very  short,  scarcely  di>tiiict.      h'lowprs,  as  in  tlie  preceding  spc^ 
cies,  in  a  loose  dichutomous   panicle.     IiwUncritm   composed   of  2 
leaves  at  the  base  of  each  (lower,     i'e^a/ji.  nearly  round,  purple. 
Gniws  in  damp  pine  barrens. 
Flowers  June — August. 

i>.   Strict  A.     Pursb. 

li.  caule  slricteerecto, 
alato,  j^labio.ad  nodos  bar- 
bato  ;  foliis  sessi'il)us,  an- 
gusto-lauceolatis,  acunii- 
natis,  triuervibus,  utrin- 
que  glabris  ;  corynil)is 
dicbotoinis.     Fursb,  l.  p. 


Stem  strict,  erect,  win^^- 
ed,  glabrous,  beanJeci  at 
the  joints ;  leaves  sessile, 
narrow  lanceolate,  acu- 
minate, 3  nerved,  gla- 
brous on  botb  sides  ;  co- 
rymbs dicbotomous. 
258. 

stem  4  anjlcd,  slij;SUy  beardod  at  tlie  joints.  Leaves  slender. 
Cfl/^.r  plabntus.      i'Voufrs  handsome,  purple.     I'ursh. 

Described  by  I'ursh  from  specimen!)  collected  in  the  bn^fS  of  Geor- 
gia by  Mr.  Eublen.  It  appears  to  be  very  nearly  allied  to  th«  next 
species. 

6.   Vinr.iNicA. 

U.  caule  angulato,  ala»  Stem  angled,  win^red  ; 

to  ;   tbiiis  ovato-lanceohi-  leaves   ovate    lanceolate, 

tis,   ciliato-scrratis,  5 — 7  1  ciliate,  scrriilc,  5-7  nerv- 


440 


OCTANDRIA    MONOGYNIA- 


ed,  sprinkled  with  liair ;. 
corymbs  dichotomous. 


nervibus,  pilis  adspersis ; 
corymbo  dichotomo.    E 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  301.     Mich.  1.  p.  222.     Pursh,  1.  p.  258. 
Rhexia  septemnervia,  Walt  p.  130. 

Stem  2 — S  feet  high,  square,  winged  along  the  angles,  branching, 
flmooth,   but  sometimes   fringed  along  the  wings.      Leaves   sessile. 
Flowers  axillary  and  terminal,  forming  a  tolerably  regular  corymb. 
Tetals  obovate,  slightly  mucronate,  purple. 
Grows  in  swamps  and  wet  soils. 
Flowers  July — September. 


**  Anthers  erect,  ter- 
minal. 


**   Jintheris   erectis, 
terminalihus. 

7.  LuTEA.  Walt. 
R.  hirsuta ;  foliis  liiieari- 
lanceolatis,  basi  inlerdum 
cuneatis,  trinervibus  ; 
paniciila  pyramidata ;  an- 
theris  erectis.     E. 

Walt.  p.  130.     Mich.  p.  222. 

Stem  about  18  inches  high,  square,  branches  brachiate,  hispid- 
Leaves  sessile,  and  excepting  the  midrib,  glabrous  on  the  under  sur- 
face. Flowers  in  a  pyramidal  panicle,  the  branches  generally  3  flow- 
ered. Tube  of  the  caly.v  ventricose,  border  campanulate,  4  cleft,  as 
long  as  the  tube.  Petals  obovate,  mucronate,  ^^ellow,  less  caducous 
than  in  the  other  species.  Filaments  dilated  at  base,  almost  united. 
Anthers  erect,  furrowed,  1  celled. 

This  specierj,  by  the  structure  of  its  anthers,  and  the  form  of  its 
panicle,  recedes  from  the  general  character  and  habit  of  the  genus. 

Grows  in  damp  pine  barrens. 

Flowers  June — August 


I  Hirsute  ;  leaves  linear 
I  lanceolate,  sometimes 
[  wedge  shaped  at  base ; 
I  3  nerved ;  panicle  pyra- 
midal ;  anthers  erect. 

Pursh,  l.p.  258. 


***  Incpvtw  sedis. 

8.    LiNEARlFOLlA. 


La  Marck. 


R .?  caule  cylindrico, 
siibpubescente  ;  foliis  al- 
ternis,  linearibus,  oblon- 
gis,  obtusis,  sessilibus,  u- 
trinqiie  pubescentibus  ; 
floribus  subsoUtariis. — 
Enc.  Lam.  6.  p.  s. 

Pursh,  l.p.  259. 


Stem  cylindrical,  slight- 
ly  pubescent;  leaves  al- 
ternate, linear,  oblong, 
obtuse,  sessile,  pubescent 
on  both  surfaces  ;  flowers 
generally  solitary. 


OCTANDRIA    MONOGYNiiU 


44/ 


i^oirem  yellow. 
Found  in  Caruliua  by  Boso-. 
Plowers 


(ENOrUKIlA.     Gen.  pl.  637. 


Calj/.r  4  cloi't,  tuhnlar. 
side  inreiioi,  4  celled. 


Stem  villous,  scabrous  j 
leaves  ovate  lanceolaie, 
Hat,  dentate ;  Hnwers  spik- 
ed ;  stamens  shorter  than 
tlic  corolla. 


Cnftfx  4-fidus.  tuhulo- 
SUS.  Corolla  4-i)etala. 
Capsidu  int'era,  4  locuia- 
ris. 

J.  Biennis. 
Q^^.  caule  villoso.  scal)ro ; 
foliis  ovatn-lunccolatls, 
planis,  dentatis  ;  llori!)Us 
s|)icatis ;  stamlnibus  co- 
rolla l»revioiil)us.    Sp.  pl. 

^,  p.  3vj(). 

Mich.  1.  p.  224.     Pursli,  1.  p. 
O'iiiothera  mollissima  .'  Walt.  p.  129. 

Perennial.''  Stem  herbaceous,  3 — 8  feet  high,  terete.      __ 

tcrnate,  sessile,  very  pubescent.  Flower-i  in  a  terminal  spike,  with 
a  leaf  at  the  base  ol  each,  lon^jer  than  the  pernj.  Calyx  deciduous  ; 
the  tube  2  inches  lonj;,  thickened  at  the  suinuilt ;  the  segments  half 
as  long  as  the  tube,  hairy  on  the  outside,  reflected.  Petals  obovate, 
eniarginate,  yellow,  shorter  than  the  segments  of  the  calyx.  Germ 
inferior,  cylindrical,  furrowed.  Style  longer  tlian  the  corolla.  Stig- 
ma 4  cleft.  Capaule  nearly  cylindrical.  Heeds  numerous  iu  each  ce)jj 
angled,  attached  to  a  central  receptacle. 

Grows  in  drv  pastures,  along  fences,  &c. 

Flowers  September — Ogtober. 


:6i, 


Leaves  ah 


2.    MlTRICATA. 

G^^..  caule  purpurasccntc, 
muricato :  foliis  lanceo- 
latis,  planis  ;  staminil)us 
longitudinc  corolla;.  Sp. 
pl.  2.  p.  307. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  201. 


Stem  purplish,  muri- 
catc  ;  leaves  lanceolate, 
flat ;  stamens  as  long  as 
the  corolla. 


Flowers  smaller  than  in  the  preceding  snocics. 
Grows  alonjj  fencesj  and  in  old  fields,  rursh. 
Flow»»r3  July — August, 

n3 


44S 


OCTANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


Stem  nearly  glabrous, 
hranchino;  ;  leaves  ovate 
linceolate,  glabrous  ;  sta- 
mens declining. 


3.    GRAJfDTFL(>R\. 

CE.  caule  glabriusrulo, 
ranioso  ;  foliis  ovato-lan- 
ceolatis,  glabris  ;  stamini- 
bus  declinatis.  Sp.  pi.  3. 
p.  306. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  261. 

Stem  2 — 3  feet  high,  branching  Leaves  sometimes  lanceolate.  S — 4 
inches  long,  I — 2  wide,  frequently  pubescent.  Flon-ers  axillary, 
sessile,  large,  of  a  bright  yellow  colour.  Tube  of  the  eali/.v  very 
long.     Stamens  declining,  shorter  than  the  corolla. 

Grows  in  gardens  and  around  buildings.  Certainly  not  indigenous 
in  our  low  country. 

Flowers  May — September. 


4.  Hybrid  A.  Micb. 
CE.  caule  erecto,  villoso  ; 
foliis  utrinque  pubescen- 
tibus,  lanceolatis,  remote 
subdentatis,  undulatis  ; 
capsulis  subspicatis,  bre- 
viter  stipitatis,  ovato-te- 
tragonis.  Mich.  l.p.  s^5. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  262. 

Stem  1 — 3  feet  long,  hairy,  slit^htly  muricate.  Tube  of  the  calif:c 
3  or  4  times  as  long  as  the  segments.  Petals  and  stamens  as  lony;  as 
the  segments  of  the  calyx.  Capsule  nearly  sessile,  ovate,  long, 
scarcely  angled. 

Grows  in  the  upper  districts  ot  Georgia  and  Carolina. 

Flowers  July — September. 


Stem  erect,  viMous  ; 
leaves  pubescent  on  both 
sides,  lanceolate,  remote- 
ly toothed,  undulate :  cap- 
sules somewhat  spiked, 
on  shoit  footstalks,  ovate 
and  4  angled. 


5.  Fruticosa. 

CE.  pubescens  ;  caule  a 
basi  ramoso,  divai  icato  ; 
foliis  sessilibus,  lanceola- 
tis, subdentatis,  acutis  ; 
capsulis  pedicellatis,  ob- 
longo-clavatis,  angulatis. 
Pursh,  2.  p.  734. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  3 10.    Walt.  p.  1 29, 


Pubescent ;  stem  branch* 
iug  from  the  base,  divari- 
cate ;  leaves  sessile,  lan- 
ceolate, sli<i;htly  toothed, 
acute ;  capsules  pedicel- 
late, oblong  clavate,  an- 
gled. 


OCTANDTMA    MOVOGYNIA. 


44t 


JStptH  1 — 9  foot  liiirli,  (cret«',  pubescent.  Lenve>i  frequently  oblonj^, 
ovate,  witli  I  Miiaill  ones  in  tlio  axils,  t'luwera  in  a  ItMininal  raceme. 
Cornll'i  vt'Ilow,  longer  t!ian   ttie  stamens. 

(iious  in  tlie  inidtlle  and  upper  districts  of  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

Flowers  Julj — August. 


(».  FKv^^:Ia.  Piiisli. 
(K.  E^lahriusiiila  :  caule 
nrcrtu'  >iini»liti ;  Toliis  o- 
\atis. |)tti()la<i>^,  dcnticula- 
tis  ;  raccini^  Inliosis;  cap- 
«iilis  pcdicfllaiis.  ohovatis, 
4-i»;oMis.   Pursh,  -2.  p.  73  I. 


Xearly  ji^labrous;  stem 
near  tlie  l)asc  simple  ; 
leaves  ovate,  petiolate, 
denticulate  ;  racemes 
Icaty  ;  capsules  pedicel* 
late,  ol)ovate,  4  angled. 


Tliis  species  is  talfon  (nnn  i'ui-sh,  who  remarks,  that  it  dinft-rs  from 
the  O  fVutico'j:!.  to  which  [)erhaps  it  is  too  nearly  allied,  principally 
in  habit  :  Hdweriii;^  |jut  du-  a  short  period,  and  lorming  immediately 
new  tiil's  <»f  radical  leaves,  wliich  the  O.  iVuticosa  does  not  produc* 
■  ntii  Lte  in  autumn. 

Collected  by  Mr.  (''raser  in  South-Carolina. 

Flowers  June — July. 


Stem  diffuse,  pubescent ; 
leaves  oval  oblong,  tooth- 
ed and  sinuate  ;  tlowers 
axillary,  villous;  capsules 
piisinutick. 


7.  Sin  u  AT  A, 
(E.  caule  dittuso,  pubes- 
cente  ;  foliis  ovali-oblon- 
gi-^,.  dentato  sinuatis  ;  flo- 
ril)us  axilla)  il)us,  ullosis  ; 
capsulis  j)iismaticis. — 
Tursh,  1.  p.  :iGi. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  309.  Mich.  1.  p.  2C4. 
CEiiuthera  biennis  .^  Walt  p.  12.9. 
CEnothcra  minima,  i'ursh,  l.p  262. 

Stem  1-2  feet  lonj;. 'generally  prostrate,  branchinj,  rmishened. 
X.fnr*'^  se>sile, denticulate  nrar  tlie>uinmit.  sinuate,  almost  piiinatifid 
near  the  base.  Flowers  solitary,  sessile.  Corulla  small.  I'ftaL>  as 
IfMi;^  as  tite  se^jments  of  the  calyx,  nearly  nbcordate,  yellow.  Style 
sliorter  than  the  corolla,  wdolly  in  the  middle.  Capsule  cylindrical, 
sessile,  furrowetl. 

In  very  ilry,  san<ly  soils  this  plant  becomes  very  di^inatire,  its 
leaves  small,  and  almost  entire,  and  the  flowers  few.  In  this  state  I 
suspect  it  is  the  O.  minima  of  I'l/rsh,  dt;scribed  from  bpeciuiens  col^ 
lected  in  Geor;;ia  by  Mr.  Knslen. 

Grows  generally  in  dry  pastures. 

FUwers  April-September. 


444 


OCTANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


Glabrous ;  stem  ascend- 
ing ;  leaves  lanceolate, 
entire,  obtuse  ;  capsules 
obovate,  angled. 


8.    PUMILA. 

CE.  glabra;  caulibus  ad- 
scendentibus  ;  foliis  lan- 
eeolalis,  integerrimis,  ob- 
tusis  ;  capsulis  obovatis, 
angulatis.  Sp.  pi.  §.  p. 
310. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  262. 

Plant  8 — 12  inches  high.  Upper  leaves  linear  lanceolate,  uhen 
young  pubescent.  Flowers  sniall.  Tube  of  the  calyx  not  longer  thaa 
aegtnents.     Capsules  nearly  sessile. 

Grows  in  dry  fields,  in  Virginia  and  Carolina.    Pursh. 

Flowers  July. 


9  Chrysantha.  Mich 
CE.  caule  debili,  pubes- 
cente  ;  foliis  lanceolatis, 
obtusiusculis,  ])lnnis,  inte- 
gris  ;  calycis  tubo  laciniis 
duplo  breviore  ;  capsula 
clavata.  acutangula,  ses- 
«ili.     Mich.  1.  p.  3S5. 

Pursh,  1.  p  263. 

Plant  small,  scarcely  a  foot  high 
yellow  colour.     Mich. 

Grows  on  the  mountains  of  Carol 
Flowers  July — August. 


Stem  weak,  pubescent  ;• 
leaves  lanceolate,  rather 
obtuse,  flat,  entire  ;  tube 
of  the  calyx  but  half  as 
long  as  the  segments ; 
capsule  clavate,  acutely 
angled,  sessile. 

Flowers  small,  and  of  a  gpldep 
ina.    Pursh. 


40.  Linearis.     Mich. 

CE.  pubescens,  gracilis ; 
foliis  linearibus,  integris  ; 
capsulis  longiuscule  stipi- 
tatis,  subrotundo-tetrago- 
nis,  villosis. 


Pubescent,  slender  ;^ 
leaves  linear,  entire;  cap- 
sules on  long  footstalks, 
nearly  round,  4  angled, 
villous. 


Mich.  1.  p.  225.     Pursh,  1.  p.  262. 

Stem  1 — 2  feet  high.  Leaves  crowded  near  the  summit,  so  that 
the  axillary  Jiowers  appear  to  form  a  corymb*  Corolla  larg^, 
biright  yellov?. 


OCTAMDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


44^ 


f  poii-^ess  a  numbor  of  specimens  of  an  O'iHothera  apparently  be- 
Tong:injr  to  this  species,  cnllpcteil  by  K.  ^V  Habcrsliam,  Ksrj.  in  tlie 
aoutli  of  (icor^ia.  in  all  of  \vhicli  the  steins  are  geniculate  and  curved 
Ooar  tiic  middle 

Grows  in  dry  soils,  in  tho  middle  country  of  Georgia  and  Carolina. 

Flowers  April — May. 


EPIL015IUM.     Gen.  ri.  639. 


palyx  4-fi(lus.  tuhulo- 
sus.  Corolla  4-pctiila. 
Capsida  oblon,2;a,  i-loru- 
laris,  infcra.  tSt-mina  pap- 
pose. 

1.  Tetragoncm. 

E.  caule  lincis  promi- 
nulis  suhquadranpiiilatis  ; 
foliis  oppohitis,  supreinis 
altcrnis,  lanccolatis,  ser- 
rulatis.    Pursh,  i.  p.  ;S59. 


Cnlyx  4  cleft,  tiibjilar. 
CorolUi  4  petali'd  ('ap- 
sulr  oblong,  i  (■clled.  in- 
lr?ior.  iSreds  crowned 
witU  a  tuft  of  bair. 

Stem  sornevvbat  4  an- 
gled by  prominent  lines  ; 
leaves  opposite,  tjie  up- 
per ones  alternate,  lance- 
olate, serrulate. 


Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  sir.     Mich.  1.  p.  223. 

Root  perennial.     Stem  herbaceous,  about  2  feet  high,  branching, 
glabrous.     Leaves   narrow,  sliarply  serrulate.     Flowers   in  terminal 
racemes,  small,  crowning  tlie  germ,pale   red.      Germ   linear,   loi;;: 
Capsule  long,  4  angled.      i)eed  oblong,  crowned  with  a  tuft  of  hair. 

Grows  among  the  Saluda  mountains.     Dr.  Macbride. 

Flowers  July-.-August. 


GAURA.     Gen.  pl.  638. 


Calyx  4^fulus,  tubulo-  I       Calyx  4  cleft,  tubular, 
sus.       Corolla    '^Kpetala,  '  Corolla  4  petalk-d,  aseen- 


adscendens.  AO/a:(-sper- 
ma,  4-angulata,  infera 

1.  Angu9tifoli\      Mich. 

G.  foliis  fasriculatis,  li 


din^.     A///    1    seeded,  4 
angled,  inferior. 


ncaribus,  repando-uiidu- 


Leaves   clustered,   li- 
near, rcpand,  undidate  j 


446 


OCTANDRIA   31ON0GYNIA. 


fruit  oblong,   4    angled, 
acute  at  each  end. 


latis ;  fructibus  oblongo- 
tetragonis,  utnnque  acu- 
lis.     Mich.  I.  p.  256. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  260. 

Gaura  biennis,  Walt  p.  128. 

Perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  about  3  feet  liigh,  terete,  pubescent. 
Leaves  sessile,  alternate,  a  little  hairy.  Floicn-s  in  a  terminal  pani- 
cle composed  of  slender  racemes.  Calya-  4  clelt,  deciduous,  the  seg- 
ments linear,  reflected,  much  lony;er  than  the  tube.  Petals  inserted 
into  the  tube  of  the  calyx  near  the  summit,  spathulate,  ob  use,  uhite, 
half  as  long  as  the  segments  of  the  calyx.  Filaments  inserted  into 
the  tube  of  the  calyx.  Jintliers  oblong,  2  celled.  Germ  angled,  ob- 
long, pubescent,  tityle  as  long  as  tlie  stamens,  btigma  capitate^ 
sliglitl.y  2  lobed. 

Grovs  in  very  dry,  sandy  soils. 

Flowers  July — August. 


Leaves  lanceolate, 
dentate  ;  spike  crowded ; 
fruit  nearly  round,  sHj^ht- 
\y  -1  angled,  pubescent. 


2.    BiKNMS. 

G.  foliis  lanceolatis, 
dentatis  ;  spica  conferta  ; 
fructib^is  sul)rotundo-4- 
gonis,  pubescentibus. — 
Pursh,  1.  p.  260. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  311.     Mich.  1.  p.  226.  ' 

Stem,  herbaceous,  branching.  Leaves  lanceolate,  pubescent,  irre- 
gularly and  slightly  dentate,  sometimes  entire.  Flowers  more 
crowded  in  the  terminal  spikes,  and  much  larger  than  in  the  preced- 
ing species.     Fruit  acute  at  each  end. 

Grows  in  fertile,  stony  soils,  in  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina 
and  Georgia. 

flowers  July — August. 


OXYCOCCUS.     Persoon. 


Calyx  4-fidus.  CoroU 
la  4-partita,  lariniis  sub- 
linearibus,  revolutis.  Fi- 
lamenfa  conniventia.  An- 
therce  tubulosse,  bipartitse. 
Bacca  polysperma. 


Cali/x  4  cleft.  Corolla 
4  parted,  with  the  seg- 
ments somewhat  linear, 
revolute.  Filaments  con- 
niving. Anthers  tubular, 
3  parted.  Berry  many 
seeded. 


OCT.VNDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


447 


i.  Erytiihocakpits. 

O.  erectus :  luliis  ovuli- 
?)us,  acunrmatis. seirulatis 
ciliatisquc  ;  |)e(lii:cUis  ax- 


Ercct ;  leaves  oval,  acu- 
minate. seiTulale  and  cili. 
ate  ;    ])C(iicels    axillarv  ; 


illarihus  ;    corolla  loni;a,  I  corolla  long,  at  hist  rcvo- 
dcnunn  revoluta.     Ters.  /  lute. 
1.  p.  419.  I 

<)xjci»rciis  ercctiis,  Pursli,  1.  p.  '2G4. 
Vaccinium  ci} tlirocarpuin,  Mich.  I.  p.  227. 
A  small  shnil).  ;;ro\vin'4  on  the  hij:host  inoiint.iins  of  Carolina,  erect, 
with  t'lp  l)iaMrh»'s  »liv!»ric;itc  or  fli'xuous.  Leai'fs  rather  lariie,  mem* 
branacrou^,  hairv  near  ti.e  nerves.  Viuhjx  minute,  acutely  4  cleft. 
Ufrrii  ^lot)ular,  bri^lit  scarlet.  Mich.  Berry  transparent,  and  ol  an 
exquisite  tiavonr.      I'ursh. 

Grows  on  hi^^li  mountains,  from  Virginia  to  Carolina. 
Flowers  June. 


MENZIESIA.     Smith. 


Calyx  l-pliylhis,  iiife- 
rus.  Corolla  1  pctala, 
ovala.  F'damenta  recep- 
iaciilo  inscrta.  Cf/pai/ln 
4-lociilans.  (lissc|)imcnta 
c  mar,L:;iiiil)Us  inllexis  val- 
vularnm.  Semina  nu- 
nierosa,  oblonga. 


Cuhix  t  leave  1,  inferi* 
or.  Corolla  i  petalled, 
ovate.  Filamnits  insert- 
ed on  the  rccepticle. 
Capsule  4  celled,  with  the 
dissepiments  from  the 
inflected  margins  of  the 
valves.    Seeds  numerous^ 


oblong. 

1.  Globularis.     Salis  )ury. 

M.    foliis    lanceolatis,  I  Leaves    lanceolate, 

subtus  ghuicis,  extra  ncr-  |  glaucous  underneath,  and. 
vos  pul)csccntibus  ;  caly-  j  except  the  nerves  pubes- 
cibus4-ti(lis;  lloribus  glo-  j  cent;  calyx  4  cleft;  llf»w- 
bosis,  octandris.      Pursh,  |  crs  globose,  octandrous. 
1.  p.  iG\f.  I 

Mcnziesia  Smitliii  .'  Mich  1.  p.  235. 

A  small  bhrul),  not  excecdinjf  4  feet  hi^h-     Leaves  when  young 
•  cry  hary.     t'loirers  yellowish  brown, 
lirows  in  the  ImkIi  mountains  of  >'ir;;inia  and  Carolina. 
Flowers  May — June. 


44?S  OCTANDRIA    MONOGYNIA^ 


ELIJOTTIA.     Muhlenberg. 

Calyx  4-dentatus,  in-  |  Calyx  4  toothed,  infe- 
ferus.  Corolla  profunde  |  rior.  Corolla  deeply  4 
4-partita.  IStigma  capi-  j  parted.  Stigma  capitate, 
tatunri.     Capsidu?  |  Capsule? 

1.  Racemose     Miihl.  Cat. 

A  shrub,  4  -  10  feet  high,  with  numerous  virgate  branches.  Leaves 
alternate,  lanceolate,  m-ucronate,  entire,  pubescent  and  slightly  glau- 
cous on  the  under  surface,  on  short  petioles.  Flowers  in  terminal 
racemes.  Calyx  small  Corolla  white,  the  segments  slightly  co- 
hering at  base  Filaments  8,  glandular,  transparent,  inserted  at  the 
base  of  tlie  germ.  Anthers  sagittate.  2  celled.  Style  longer  than  the 
stamens.  Stigma  capitate,  perhaps  more  correctly  clavate,  undivid- 
ed.    The  fruit  I  have  never  been  able  to  procure. 

This  plant  in  habit  has  an  entire  resemblance  to  Clethra.  From  its 
corolla,  undivided  stigma,  and  the  number  of  its  stamens  I  kave 
inserted  it,  as  requested  by  Dr.  Muhlenberg,  under  this  name. 

First  discovered  around  VVaynesborough,  Burke  county,  Georgia. 
Mr.  Jackson  has  lately  sent  it  to  me  from  the  Oconee. 

Grows  in  moderately  dry,  rich  soils. 

Flowers  June. 


DTRCA.     Gen.  pl.  660. 


Calyx  0.  Corolla  in- 
ferior, tubular,  with  the 
border    irregular.      Sta- 


^»' 


mens  longer  than  the  tube. 
Berry  i  seeded. 


Calyx  0.  Corolla  in- 
fera,  tubulosa,  limbo  ob- 
soleto.  Stamina  tubo 
longiora.  Dacca  i-sper- 
nia. 

1.  Paeustris. 

Sp.  pl  2,  p.  424.    Walt.  p.  131.    Mich.  1.  p.  236.    Pursh,  1.  p.  268. 

A  small  sbrub,  2  ^5  feet  high.  Leaves  alternate,  oblong  oval,  pale 
green.     Flowers  yellow. 

This  shrub  is  generally  humble.  It  begins  to  ramify  near  the 
ground,  and  resembles  a  spreading  tree  in  miniature,  The  diameter 
of  the  trunk  seldom  exceeds  half  an  inch,  the  bark  is  smooth  and  yeU 
lowish  ;  the  wood  is  soft,  tough  and  so  flexible  that  the  ends  of  the 
twigs  and  even  the  trunks  may  be  tied  together.  The  bark  has  a 
sweetish  taste,  and  when  chewed  excites  a  burning  sensation  in  the 
fauces.    Macb. 


OCTANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


440 


Grows  in  rtioist  places  near  rivulets.  Near  Au^^usta ;  Bartram. 
U\  the  oak  land:*  on  Colleton's  neck,  where  it  is  said  to  indicate  tb? 
richest  soil. 

Flowers  Februarv— Marc!i — before  it  pntdutes  its  leaves. 

Leather -U'ljitd.     ^Uuose-ueod, 


ACER.     Gen.  pl.  iryQO, 


(Uilyx  5  cleft.  Petals 
;'5.  !Samaras  :i,  united  at 
base,  1  seeded,  winged. 

Leaves  generally  5  lob- 
Oil,  acute,  senate,  glau- 
cous underneath ;  flowers 
ill  umbels,  erect;  germs 
glabrous. 


Cnli/.v  .j-fKhis.  Pt'tiila 
5.  S(unarrr  2,  l)asi  unita*, 
l-sperm;c,  alatae. 

i.     Ul  IJKIM. 

A.  loliis  subquinquclo- 

his,  aciitis,  scralis.  sub- 

tus  glaucis  ;  (loribus  uin- 

bcllaiis,  crcctis ;  gcrmiiii- 

bus  g!al)ns.     h?p.  pi.  4.  p. 

i)8-l. 

Mich.  2.  p.  253.     Pursh.  1.  p.  20.7.    Mich.  Arbres  fores.  2.  p.  210. 
Acer  Caroliniaiiuin  .^  Walt  p.  251. 

A  tree  of  moderate  size,  ^rowing  frnin  20  to  CO  feet  high,  according 
;o  the  soil  in  which  it  is  situated.  In  damp  rich  swamps  it  becomes 
a  tree  of  considerable  magnitude;  in  ponds,  or  in  soils  mertdy  damp 
it  is  generally  small.  In  descending  to  the  mouths  of  our  large  rivers 
it  is  tlie  last  tree  we  find  in  the  swamps,  diminisliing  as  tlie  soil  be- 
comes impregnated  wit'i  salt,  until  it  dwindles  to  a  shrub,  and  ming- 
ling with  the  Myrica  cerifera  (candleberry  myrtle)  and  Baccharis 
halimitnlia,  finally  disappears.  It  is  distinguished  also  for  its  smooth 
clouded  l)ark,  and  bris^ht  scarlet  flowers  and  fruit,  that  precede  its 
fnliago.  Lenvpn  r> — 5  lobed,  irregularly  toothed.  Flotcers  in  small 
axillary  clusters,  polygamous,  fitumens  5 — 8,  irregular  in  their  num- 
ber, as  occurs,  I  believe,  in  most  of  the  species  in  this  genus. 

(irows  in  swamps,  very  abundantly. 

Flowers  January — February.  Ifed  vxaple — Scarlet  maple. 


2.    D\SYCARI»UM. 

A.  foliis  palmato-quin- 
quelobis,  acuminatis,  scr- 
ratis,  subtus  pubesccnti- 
bus  all)o. glaucis  ;  floriI)us 
capitato-unibeilatis  ;  ger- 

I3 


T.cavcs  palmate,  5  lobed, 
acuminate,  serrate,  pu- 
bescent underneath  anrl 
glaucous  almost  to  white-, 
ncss  :  flowers  in  cluslcr- 


450 


OCTANDRIA.    MONOGYNIA. 


minibus  tomentosis.    Sp. 
pi.  4.  p.  985. 


ed  umbels 
menlose. 


germs   to- 


This  is  generally  a  much  larirer  tree  than  the  precedino;.  and  its  fo- 
liau:e,  from  the  whiteness  of  the  under  surface,  is  sinj^ularly  beautiful. 
JYoit^ers  sessile,  of  a  pale  yellowisli  colour.  Capsule  (samara*  yel- 
lowish, with  the  wings  larger  than  those  of  any  other  of  our  species. 

Grow<  in  the  river  swamps,  in  the  upper  and  middle  country,  very 
abundantly.     Is  larely  seen  within  40  miles  of  tlie  ocean. 

Flowers  February — 


Leaves  5  lobed,  acu- 
minate, somewhat  den- 
tate, pui)escent  under- 
neath ;  corymb  loose,  nod- 
ding ;  peduncles  hairy. 


3.  SaccharinuxM. 

A.  foliis  quinquelobis, 
acuminatis,  suhdentatis, 
subtus  pubescentibus ;  co- 
rymbo  laxo,  subnutante  ; 
pedunculis  pilosis.  Sp. 
pi.  4.  p.  9h5. 

Mich.  2.p  252.    Piirsh,  1.  p.  2GG.    Mich.  Arb.  forest.  2.  p.  218. 

A  tree,  growing  in  favourable  situations  from  50 — 80  feet  high, 
^ith  a  diatTieter  of  from  18 — 30  inches.  The  bark  smooth  and  very 
white.  Leaves  on  long  footstalks,  glaucous  underneath,  with  the 
lobes  remotely  toothed.  Flowcrsi  both  fertile  and  sterile,  on  long 
pendulous  peduncles  Curolla  pale  yellow.  Capsules  turgid,  the 
■wings  pale  yellow.  The  fiuit,  wliich  in  the  two  former  species  ripen 
in  March  and  April,  do  not  in  this  come  to  maturity-  until  October— - 
(Mich.) 

The  value  of  this  tree  for  its  timber,  but  particulaily  for  the  sugar 
obtained  from  its  sap,  is  generally  known.  I  do  not  know  that  it  has 
ever  been  employed  in  the  southern  States  for  this  ]>urpose,  or  if  it  be 
sufficiently  abundant.  It  is  however  more  generally  dift'used,  than 
Michaux  in  his  valuable  work  on  our  Forest  trees,  appears  to  sup- 
pose. I  have  seen  them  growing  freely  on  the  declivities  of  steep 
fiills  in  Columbia  county,  Georgia.  On  the  banks  of  the  Santee  it 
descends  as  low  as  St.  .Stephen's,  and  is  found  on  the  head  waters  of 
Cooper  river,  within  SO  miles  of  Charleston. 

Grows  in  cool,  damp  soils. 

Flowers  early  in  the  spring.  Sugar  maple. 


4.  Nigrum. 

A.  foliis  palmato-qiiin-  |  Leaves  palmate,  5  lobed, 
quelobis,  cordatis,  subtus  |  pubescent  underneath, 
pubescentibus.  lobis  diva-  |  cordate,  lobes  divaiicate, 
aicalis,  siuuato-subdenta-  [  sinuate  and  slightly  tooth* 


OCTANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


45i 


cd  ;  ilowcrs  in  ftorymhs  ; 
capsules  turgid,  some* 
wliiit  globose. 


tis  ;  floribus  corynil)osis  ; 
capsulis  lurgi<lc  subglo- 
bosis.  Midi.  Arbrcs  I'u- 
rest.  vol.  :e.  p.  338. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  2GG. 

Tliis  is  also  a  voiy  hr^f  tree.  Learra  Iare;o,  the  2  lowpr  lobes  o1j. 
sciirc,  tlie  3  up|)or  divaticaie  aiul  spaiiuv;!}'  toollied.  Flowers  on 
mMidiiloiis  pciliiiicU's.  Capsules  turgiil,  witli  the  wings  pale  yellow. 
Fruit  ripciiirii;  in  October. 

tiious  in  moiinl.iiiiou3  sitiuitiuns.  Commonljr  called  black  maplet 
and  in  'rcnnessee,  >:ii:xnr  tree/ 

Flowers  in  the  spring. 


5.     BvRCATr.U. 

A.  f'oliis  l)rcvitcr  trilo- 
bis,  serralis  ;  pcduuculis 
niasculis  raniosis,  IccniJ. 
ncis  sitiij)li(issiiius  ;  cap- 
suhe  ali5  crcctis.  xMicli. 
2.  p.  '^.J:^. 


Leaves  with  3  short 
lobes,  serrate ;  pcduireles 
of  tbc  sierile  flowers 
blanching,  of  the  te;tile 
M  IT  hiinj)lc  ;  wings  of 
liic  capsule  erect. 


Sp.  pi.  4.  p.  989,     Pnrsh,  1.  p.  SCG. 

A  small  tree.  Leaves  small,  ovate,  cordate,  with  3  short  lobes  un-» 
Cfpiallv  jierrate,  glaucous  underneath  and  pubescent  alon:;  the  nerves. 
Feduni-les  l.airv.  hlowers  sniall,  pale,  green,  sterile  and  fertile  in- 
termingled. L'alijx,  particularly  of  the  sterile  flower,  thickly  bearded 
on  the  inside. 

Grows  in  deep  pine  and  cedar  swamps,  from  New-Jersey  to  Caro^ 
Kna.     Pursh. 

Flowers  April. 


fi.   Phnnsylvanicum. 

A.  foliis  tril<)l)is,  acurni- 
nalis,  du|)licato-serraUs, 
glabris  ;  raceniis  sinipli- 
cibus,  peiidulis.  Sp.  pi. 
4.  p.  ys'j. 

Mich.  2.  p.  252. 

Acer  striatum,  iMich.  Arbres  forest,  2.  p.  242.    Pursh,  1-  p.  2G7. 

A  small  tree,  scarcely  exceeding  the  stature  of  a  shrub.     Bark 
smooth  aud  streaked.     Leaves  moderately  large,  rounded  towarda  Die 


Lctlves  3  lobed,  acumi- 
nate, doubly  serrate,  y^la- 
brous  ;  laccnies  simple, 
pendulous. 


4^13 


OCTANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


base.  3  lobed  at  the  summit,  finelj-  serrate.  Flovaers  in  simple,  pei»^ 
du!ous  racemes 

Grows  in  tlie  AUeghanj  mountains,  but  rare  at  their  southern  ex-' 
tremity. 

Flowers  April — May. 


Leaves  generally  5 
lobed,  acute,  serrate,  pu- 
bescent underneatli  ;  ra- 
cemes compound,  erect. 


7.  Mont  A.N  UM. 

A.  Ibliis  subquinquelo- 
bis,  acutis,  serratis,  subtus 
pubescentibus  ;  racemis 
compositis,  erectis.  Sp. 
pi.  4.  p.  98S, 

Mich.  2.  p.  253.     Pursh,  1.  p.  267. 

A  tree,  confined  very  much   to   the  mountains.     Leaves  rugosft.- 
Wlowers  very  small,  greenish  yellow. 

Grows  in  the  Alleghany  mountains,  from  Canada  to  Georgia. 
Flowers  April— May, 


8.  Negundo. 

A.  foliis  pinnatis  terna- 
tisve,  iufequaliter  seiTa- 
tis ;  floribus  dioicis.  Sp. 
^1.  4.  p.  992. 

Walt.  p.  250.     Mich.  2.  p.  253 


Leaves  pinnate  and  terw 
nate,  unequally  serrated- 
flowers  dioicous. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  268. 


A  tree,  growing  from  50 — 50  feet  high,  the  branches  scattered  and 
Expanding.  Leaven  pinnate,  leaflets  ovale,  acuminate,  irregularly 
and  coarsely  dentate.  Flowers  in  long,  pendulous  racemes.  Cap' 
sules  oblong,  with  wings  somewhat  obovate,  pale  yellow. 

The  fruit  of  this  tree  resembles  the  other  species  of  Acer,  but  its 
pinnate  leaves  and  dioicous  flowers  mark  a  very  distinct  habit.  M, 
Rafinesque,  in  the  Medical  Repository  for  1808,  proposed  to  form  of 
this  species  a  new  genus  under  the  name  of  Ncgundium. 

Grows  along  the  margins  of  rivers,  in  tiie  upper  districts  of  Caro.- 
lina  and  Georgia.     At  Columbia.  ^south-Carolina,  common. 

Flowejrs  April—May. 


OCTANDUIA    TUIGINTA. 


45^ 


TRIGiXLl 


POLYGONUM. 


Calf/x  0.  Corolla  5- 
parlita,  culycina.  Semen 
1,  aiij2;u latum,  tectum. 

*  Florlbns  axillarlbiis. 

i.   Maritimum. 

p.  floribus  octaridris, 
3-gynis,  axillarihus  ;  ocli- 
leis  mcmhranaceis,  hi- 
lohis ;  foliis  lanccolatis, 
^ubcarnosis,  margine  re. 
volutis  ;  caulc  prostrato, 
suftruticoso. 


Cnlijx  0.     Corolla  5  part- 
ed,  rcsemblin,2;  a  calyx. 

I  Seed    !,  angled,  covered. 

I       ••■  Flowers  axillary. 

Flowers  octandrous, 
trigynous,  axillary  ;  sti- 
pules membranaceous.  3 
iobed ;  loaves  lanceolate, 
somewhat  f\eshy,  witli 
the  margins  revolute  ; 
stem  prostrate,  somewhat 
shrubby. 


Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  449. 

P.  marinnin,  Pursh,  1.  p.  '269. 

Stem  perennial,  hard,  g;Jabrous,  branching,  1 — 2  feet  lon^.  Leaves 
roriacenus,  attenuate  at  base.  Stipules  very  large,  loDse,  transparent, 
frequently  lacerate.  Jloners  axillary,  on  peduncles  about  half  an 
inch  l»»ng.     Corolla  Mhite,  tinged  with  red. 

Grows  amon^  sand  hills,  near  the  margins  of  the  ocean.  Common 
on  Sullivan's  Island. 

Flowers  throujrli  the  summer. 


•    2.    AviCULARE. 

P.  floribus  subsesslli- 
bus.  8-andris,  3-gynis ;  fo- 
liis lanccolatis.  serrulatis  ; 
ochreis  brevibus,  apice 
tripartitis,  lareris  ;  caulc 
procumbente,  ramosissi- 
mo.     E. 

{^.  pi.  -Z.  p.  449}    Walt.  p.  132. 


Flowers  nearly  sessile, 
octandrous,  trigynous  ; 
leaves  lanceolate,  serru- 
late ;  stipules  short,  3 
parted  at  the  summit,  la- 
cerate ;  stem  procum- 
bent, branching. 

Mich.  1.  p.  237.    Pursh,  I.  p.  269. 


4d4i 


OCTANDRIA    TRTGYNIA. 


Root  perennial.  Stem  commonly  prostrate,  striate,  glabrous.. 
Leaves  glabrous,  alternate,  small,  sitting  on  a  short,  sheatL-iike 
peduncle.  Flowers  few  in  each  axil.  Stipules  membranaceous. 
Corolla  greenish  white,  with  the  segments  obtuse,  persistent.  Sta- 
mens  shorter  than  the  tube  of  the  corolla-  Sti/Ies  3,  very  short.  Stig- 
mas capitate.    Seed  3  angled,  acute,  covered  by  the  persistent  corolla. 

Grows  along  roads,  streets  pastures,  &c.     Very  common. 

Flowers  through  the  summer. 


3.  Tenue.     Midi. 

p.  caule  erecto,  ramo* 
30,  acutangulo  ;  fbliis  li- 
Dearibus,  strictis,  acunu- 
natis  ;  ochreis  apice  vil- 
losis  ;  floribiis  alteniis, 
subsolitariis. 


Stem  erect,  brandling, 
acutely  angled  ;  leaves 
linear,  strait,  acuminate  ; 
stipules  villous  at  the 
summit ;  flowers  alter- 
nate, generally  solitaiy. 


Mich.  1.  p.  238.     Pursh,  1.  p.  270. 
Polygonuin  lini folium,  Muhj.  Cat. 
Annual.     Stevi  6 — 8  inches  high,  glabrous.     Stipules  tubular,  ches- 
•nut  coloured.     Flowers  small,  white. 

Grows   on   rocks.     Among  the   Saluda  mountains  not  rare.     J)r. 
»jyiacbride. 

Flowers  July — September. 


**  Floribiis  spicafis, 
terminalibus, 

4.    VlltGIMANUM. 

P.  floribus  4-lidis,  inse- 
qualibus,  remotis,  5-an- 
dris,  ;S-gynis  ;  foliis  lato- 
lanceolatis,  acuminatis,  d- 
liato-serrulatis.     E. 


**  Floxvers  in  termu 
nal  spikes. 

Flowers  4  deft,  une- 
qual, remote,  pentan- 
drous,   di2;ynous ;  leaves 


broad  lanceolate,  acumi- 
nate, with  fi'inged  serra- 
tures. 

Mich.  1.  p.  238.      Pursh,  1.  p.  270. 


Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  442. 

Polygonum  Bistorta  ?    Walt  p.  131 

Perennial,  Stem  simple,  2 — 4  feet  high,  hairy  towards  the  summit, 
thickened  at  the  joints.  Leaves  sometin\es  ()val  and  ovate,  somewhat 
scabrous,  sprinkled  with  glandular  hairs.  Stipules  truncate,  ciliate. 
Spikes  axillary  and  terminal,  simple,  with  the  flowers  scattered,  sta- 
mens shorter  ;  styles  longer  than  the  corolla.  Stigmas  acute.  Seed 
ovate,  obtuse,  compressed. 

Grows  in  shaded,  rich  land. 

^lowers  August—Septembex., 


OCTANDRTA    TRIGYNIA, 


4r)& 


5.  SnTACKTM.  Baldwin. 
V.  fl)ii!)ijs  8  anflris, 
somitii.ryiii'^ ;  pcdimculis 
cloM'Aatis.  (JistacliyiH  ;  spi- 
els iiiti'rriiptis,  hiisutis  ; 
Ibliis  l;»t')-l;m('colatis,  a- 
nimiiialis  hirsiilis  ;  och- 
rcis  hiisiiiis  ciliatif^que  ; 
caiilc  credo,  sjlaljro.     B. 


Flowers  oclandroufl, 
with  flic  style  3  cld't;  pe- 
duncles loM'i;,  i  spiked ; 
s|)ikcs  iiitciruptcd,  hir- 
sute ;  leaves  broad  lurice- 
olute.  acuminate,  hirsute; 
stipules  hirsute  and  cili- 
ate;  stem  erect,  glahrjus. 


Stem  1 — '3  feet  high.  Petinirs  very  short.  Stipules  Ion?,  fringed 
\vi(li  \o\yy  luistlos.  Corolla  NTliite,  rcsembiin;;  the  P.  hrrsutuin,  but 
sulTicif  iitly  tlistinct  by  its  smootli  stem  :iii(i  iuterrupteil  spikes.     Ji. 

(irows  in  chiycy  soils.  Savannah;  St.  Mary's,  Georgia.     Bald. 

Flowers  June — Au.rust. 


6.  IlrusuTUM.     Walt. 

P.  Horibus  in  spicis  fil- 
iforniibus.  8-an(lris,  semi- 
tiii^vnis  ;  caule  ochreis- 
que  hirsutissimis ;  fuliis 
lanceolatis.  hirsutis.  piinc- 
tatis.     E. 

"Wait.  p.  132.     Mich.  1.  p.  239 

Stem  decumbent  and  erect,  branchinj^,  2  feet  high,  completely 
clothed  with  long  rufous  hair.  Leaves  oljlonx,  sometimes  slightly  cor- 
date at  base,  acute,  entire,  hairy,  but  much  less  so  than  the  stem. 
Spi/ces  -2 — 3,  very  slender,  fascicles  generally  2  flowered,  or  produ- 
cing but  1  or  2  flowers  at  a  time.  Cnrnlla  white.  Styla  as  long  as 
the  stamens.     'Sti^^mns  capitate.     Sci'd  3  angled. 

Grows  in  shallow  ponrls. 

Flowers  May — August. 


Flowers  in  filiform 
sjiikes,  octandrous,  witli 
the  styles  ;J  cleft ;  stem 
and  stipules  veiy  hairy ; 
leaves  lanceolate,  hairy, 
dotted. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  2r0. 


7.    rrVCTATTM.        E. 

1*.  Horibus  8-andris,  se- 
jnitripiynis,  subconfertis  ; 
ochreis  Ioni»;e  ciliatis  ;  fo- 
liis  ani]:usto  -lanceolatis. 
glabris,  pcllucido-puiicta- 


Flowers  octandrous, 
somewhat  crowded,  with 
the  styles  3  parted  ;  sti- 
pules with  a  Inni;  fiinG^e; 
leaves  nuiiow  lanceolate, 


456 


OCTANDRIA    TRIGYNIA. 


tis,  marginibus   et  nervo 
dorsali  scabris.     E. 


glabrous,  with  pellucid 
dots,  the  margin  and  mid- 
rib scabrous. 


p.  persicaria?  Walt.  p.  131. 

P   Hydropiper,  Mich.  1 .  p.  238. 

P.  Hydropiperoides,  Pursh,  1.  p.  270. 

Root  perennial,  somewhat  creeping.  Stem  about  2  feet  long,  slen- 
der, branching,  glabrous,  decumbent,  with  the  summit  erect.  Leaves 
very  acute,  with  a  silken  lustre,  ending  at  base  in  a  short  compressed 
sheathing  petiole.  Stipules  truncate,  pubescent.  Floicers  in  1  or  2 
simple,  slender  spikes  ;  fascicles  generally  3  flowered,  the  lower  ones 
remote.  Corolla  white,  the  segments  obtuse,  dotted.  Style  as  lom- 
as  the  stamens,     stigmas  capitate.     Seed  3  angled. 

Grows  in  ditches  and  shallow  ponds  ;  very  common. 

Flowers  July — September. 

As  it  has  been  deemed  correct  to  drop  Michaux's  trivial  name  oT 
Hydropiperoides  from  the  species  to  which  he  affixed  it,  it  »voul(l 
be  doubly  incorrect  to  apply  it,  as  Pursh  has  done,  to  anotlier  species. 


Flowers  somewhat 
crowded,  octandrous, 
with  the  style  3  cleft ; 
stipules  hirsute  and  cili- 
ate  ;  leaves  lanceolate, 
acuminate,  entire,  hairy. 


8.  Mite.     Pers. 

P.  floribus  suhconfer- 
tis,  8-andris,  semitrigynis ; 
ochreis  hirsutis  cihatis- 
que  ;  foliis  lanceolatis, 
acundnatis,  integerrimis, 
pilosis.     E. 

Persoon  Syn.  pi.  1.  p.  446.     Pursh,  1.  p.  270. 
P.  Hydropiperoides,  Mich.  1.  p.  239. 
P.  barbatum,  Walt.  p.  131. 

Stem  decumbent  and  erect,  frequently  taking  root  at  the  lower 
joints,  terete,  branching,  hairy  towards  the  summit.  Leaves  slight! v 
acuminate.  Stipules  about  an  inch  long,  very  hairy,  and  terminated 
by  a  long  fringe.  Spikes  I — 2,  simple;  fascicles  generally  4  flower- 
ed ;  bractea  of  each  fascicle  ciliate,  of  the  individual  flowers  glabrous. 
Corolla  white.  Style  shorter  tlian  the  stamens.  Stigmas  capitate. 
Seed  3  angled. 

Grows  in  ditches  and  ponds. 

Flowers  July—  September. 


9.  Tncarnatum.     E. 

P.  floribus  subconfertis, 
6-andris,  semidigynis ;  pe- 
dunculis  punctatisj  och- 


Flowers  somewhat 
crowded,  hexandrous, 
with  the  style  2  cleft  -, 


OCTANDRIA    TRTGYNIl. 


457 


k'cis  i!;liibris  ;  foliis  laficco-  peduncles  dotted  ;  sti- 
lutis,  supra  pubcsccnti-  pules  2;luhi'ous  ;  leaves 
bus.     K.  lanceolate,  pubeseerit  oa 

thr  upper  surface. 

stem  2 — 3  feet  hi{j;h,  seniculate.  »lishtlj  aiii;led,  glabrous,  rou^hear 
cil  near  the  summit  with  2:laml  ilar  dots.  Leaven  serrulate,  glabrous 
uu  tl»e  uiulor  sut  rricc,  clothed  with  a  very  fuu*  pubescence  oa  tiie  up- 
per, G  — vS  iiicln*"*  h)n^,  2 — 3  wide.  /•Votr/rs-  someuliat  paniculate,  in 
several  simple  sj)ikes,  4-  ti  llowers  in  each  lascicle.  Cumdn  small, 
sprinkled  with  aiandular  dots,  at  first  pale  n»»o-i()hmre»l,  then  ^vhite. 
Stifle  as  lon^  as  tlie  corolla,  twice  as  lou^  as  the  stamens.  Stigmas 
capitate,     ^^fed  globular,  roinpress»-d,  luucroiiate 

I'iiib  plant  bears  jLjreat  affinity  to  the  P.  Penusylvanicum,  witli  which 
I  believe  it  has  {jcneralty  been  associated.  It  diftcis  however  in  the 
number  of  stamens  :  in  its  Howcrs,  which  are  much  smaller  and  less 
crowded  ;  in  its  leaves,  which  are  larj^er  and  less  liairy  ;  and  in  its 
j)Oiluncles.  which  are  never  hi«)iid. 

Grov/s  in  ditches  and  shallow  ponds. 

Flowers  Jalv — October. 


10.     PRNNSYIAVNVCrM. 

V.  lloribus  coiilerlK  8- 
andris,  semidisiynis  :  pe- 
dunculis  hispMis;  ocincis 
glabris  :  foliis  lanceolatis, 
parce  pilosis. 


Flowers  ccowdcd,  oc- 
taiidrous.  with  the  style 
Ai  cleft;  peduncles  hispid; 
stipules  glabrous  ;  leaves 
lanceolate,  a  little  hairy. 


Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  448.    Walt.  p.  132.    Mich.  1.  p.  240.    Pursh,  I.  p.  271. 

Stem  geniculate,  angled,  f^uives  slightly  acuminate,  bianches  and 
peduncles  rouihcned  with  short  hairs,  secretinjr  from  their  summits  a 
viscid  juice.     Flowers  lar^e,  rose-coloured,  crowded  in  the  spikes. 

Grows  in  ditches.  Found  more  abundantly  towards  the  Western 
country.     Pursh. 

Flowers  June — August. 

1  1.    ORfENTALE. 

P.  flonI)US  7- and  lis,  S- 
gynis  ;  foliis  oval  is  :  caulc 
erecto ;  ocbreis  hirtis,  hy- 
pocraterif<irini])US.  Sp. 
pi.  2.  p.  448. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  272. 

An  annual  plant.  Stem  o — 5  feet  high.  Leaves  large,  remotCf  {f- 
rate,  sometimes   sliglitly  cordate,  acute  and  acurainal-.     kftipuU^ 

k3 


Flowers  hcptandrous, 
digynous  ;  leaves  ovate  ; 
stem  erect ;  stipules  hai- 
ry, hypocrateiiform. 


459 


OCTANDRIA    TRIGYNIA. 


short,  large.  Flowers  in  terminal  crowded  spikes,  large  for  this  ge- 
BU9,  sotnetiTnes  white,  but  generally  of  a  beautiful  rose-colour. 

This  plant  is  now  become  naturalized  in  our  country.  It  grow  9  in 
cultivated  land  and  around  buildings.  Cultivated  as  an  ornamental 
plant  in  gardens  under  the  name  of  persicaria. 

Flowers  through  the  summer. 

***  Spicis  panicidatifi'  j     ***  Spikes  in  panicles, 
13.  PoLYGAMUM.     Yenteiiat. 


P.  spicis  paniculatis ; 
iloribus  solitariis,  8-an- 
dris,  3-gynis  ;  ochreis  oh- 
liqiie  truncatis,  apice  aciu 
iiiinatis ;  foliis  cuneato- 
obovatis.     E. 

Pursh,  l.p.  272. 

Polygonella  parvifolia,  Mich.  2 

Perennial  ?    Stem  6—8   inches 
Leaves  very  small,  sessile,  and  with  the  stipules  glabrous.     Funicle 
composed  of  spikes  closely  jointed.     Floners  solitary  at  each  joint, 
feegments  of  the  corolla  ovate,  obtuse,  white. 

From  my  specimens,  which  however  are  not  good,  this  plant  ap- 
pears to  be  very  difterent  from  the  P.  articulatum  ;  but  Dr.  Baldwin, 
who  has  seen  them  both  in  a  living  state,  appears  to  consider  it  doubt- 
ful whether  this  can  remain  as  a  distinct  species. 

Grows  in  dry,  sandy  pine  barrens  j  near  Columbia,  South-Carolina. 
Dr.  Macbride. 

Flowers  July — September. 


Spikes  paniculate ;  flow- 
ers solitary,  octandioiis, 
trigyiious  ;  stipules  ob- 
liquely tiuncate,  acumi- 
nate at  the  sunuuiT;  leaver 
wedge  shaped,  obovate, 

p.  241. 

u<ih%  erect,  branchinjr,   glabrous. 


****  Foliis  basi  incisis 

vel  cordatis. 

43.  Sagittatum. 

P.  floribus  capitatis,  8-an- 

diis,  semitrigynis  ;  caule 

retrorsum  aculeato ;  foliis 

sagittatis.      Micho    i.  p. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  453.    Walt.  p.  13$ 


****  Leaves  notched 
or  cordate  at  base. 

Flowers  in  heads,  oc» 
tandrous,  with  the  style 
3  cleft ;  stem  retrorsely 
aculeate ;  leaves  sagit- 
tate. 

Pursh,  r.  p.  453. 


A  weak,  decumbent  plant,  climbing  over  small  shrubs  and  weeds  ;r 
the  stem  angled,  and  sharply  serrated,  with  the  serratures  bent  back- 
wards. Leaven  nearlj  sessile,  glabrous.  Flowers  axillary  and  ter- 
minal, in  small  compact  heads  on  very  long  peduncles. 

Grows  in  wet  soils      Verj  common  along  the  margins  of  rice  fields. 

¥lower6  Juu«— October. 


OCTANDRIA  TRICYNIA. 


459 


l4.  AnrrourM. 

V.  flniil)iis  (listinctis,  0- 
andri^,  scniidi^Miis  ;  spi- 
els piiiicinoris  ;  caule  re- 
trorsmn  aciilcato ;  foliis 
Jiastalis.    Mich.  I.  p.  24 1. 

S|).  pi  2.  p.  453.     Walt.  p.  132 

Stem  flcxuous.  prostrate  or  climbing  over  small  shnibn,  «nglcd,  to* 
uanls  IIm?  snmmit  uifb  capitate  liair  aiul  a  stellated  pubescence. 
lA'nvp'i  on  lona;  |>etiolos,  hastate,  wifli  (he  auricles  acute,  pubescent. 
Stifiiilea  slinrt.  ciliate  h'loicers  in  terminal  and  axillary  spikes.  Co* 
rolla  4  partod  ;  ^ey,lnentH  ovate,  2  smaller  than  the  others.  -S'tamen^ 
S.  short,  with  as  many  sterile  filaments  interposed  between  the  fertile. 
J^tfd  Iar2;e,  ovate,  compressed. 

Grows  with  the  preceding  species.     Common. 

Flowers  June — October. 


Flowers  distinct,  hex- 
audrous,  with  the  style  d 
cleft ;  spikes  few  flowered; 
stem  retiorsely  aculeate ; 
leaves  hastate. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  272. 


i5.  Convolvulus. 

P.  florihus  8-aiidris,  se-  |         Flowers   octandrous, 

iiiitiiuiynis  ;    Ibliis  ol)lon-  j  with  the  stvles   s  cleft  5 

gis,  cordalis ;    caule  an-  (  leaves    oblong,  cordate ; 

gulato,  asj)onuseulo  ;  ca-  |  stem  angled,  roughened ; 

lycihus  IVuctiforis  apteris.  calyx  of  the  mature  fruit 

ilich    1.  p.  241.  I  witiiout  wings. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  455.     Pursh,  1 .  p.  273. 

A  climbinj:  plant,  nmninEf  over  small   shrubs,  fences,  &c.   annual. 
Flowers  in  axillary  racemes.     Anthers  violet-coloured.     Lino. 
Grows  from  Pennsylvania  to  Carolina.     Pursh. 
Flowers  Auirust — October. 


j6.    SCANDENS. 

V.  floriluis  8-andris,  3-  |  Flowers   octandrous, 

gynis  ;    foliis  lato  corda-  |  tri,2;ynous  ;  leaves    broad 

lis  :  stipulis  truncalis.  nu-  |  cordate  ;    stipules    trun- 


dis;  caule  volui)ili  ii;lal)ra  ; 
calycibus  fructifcris  trip, 
tens.     Mich.  1.  p.  210. 


cate,  naked  ;   stem  twin- 
ing,  glabrous  ;    calyx  of 
the  mature  fruit  winged. 


Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  4j6.     Pur^h,  I.  p.  273. 

Stem  climbing,  angled,  smooth,  bright  purple.     Leavfs  with  the  an* 
gles  extended,  obtuse  j    the  margins  and  veiud  slightly  scabrvvfl. 


460 


OCTANDRIA    TRIGYNIA, 


Stipules  short,  glabrous,  sllglitlv  2-toot'  ed  by  2  decurrent  luerve;^ 
Flowers  in  axillary  racemes,  tlie  buds  or  joints  a  little  remote,  2 — S 
or  many  flowered.  Corolla  white,  the  3  exterior  wings  with  the  Hiar- 
gins  dilated,  crenate.     Styles  very  short      Stigmas  globose. 

Grows  in  cultivated  places,  along  fences,  &e. 

J?lowers  July — October. 


CARDTOSPERMUM.     Gen.  pl.  680. 


'  Cali^x  4  phyllus.  Pe- 
iala  4.  J^ectorium  4- 
pbyllum,  injeqiiale.  Cap- 
sulce  3,  connafje,  inflatse. 

1.  Haljcacabum. 
C.   glabnini  ;   foliolis 
inciso-lobatis,    iniparibus 


Calyx  4  leaved.  Pe- 
tals 4.  Kecta.ry  4  leav- 
ed, unequal.  Capsules  % 
conoate,  inflated. 

Glabrous  ;  leaflets  ia- 
cised  and  lobed,  the  ter- 
minal one  rhoniboidal. 


I'homboideis.     Pursh,   i. 
p.  273. 

Sp.  pl.  2.  p.  A67.     Mich.  1.  p.  242. 

A  small  delicate  vine,  annual.  Leaves  alternate,  irre.gularly  anft 
variously  lobed.  Floivers  small,  lierbaceous.  Caly.v  persistent. 
iSffi^i  globose,  .narked  at  base  with  a  cordate  cicatrice. 

This  plant  is  occasionally  seen  in  the  gardens  around  Gharlestorf, 
but  has  the  appearance  of  an  exotic. 

Flowers  July — October. 


SAPINDUS.     Gen.  pl.  68 1 . 


Calyx  4-phyllus,  infe- 
rus.  Petala  4.  Capsulce 
carnosje,  connatae,  ventri- 
6osae. 

1.  Saponaria  ? 

S.  foliis  glabris,  abrup- 
te  pinnatis,  foliolis  ovali- 
lanceolatis  ;  rachi  alato  ; 
fructibussphsericis.  Mich. 
i,  p.  S42. 

Sp.  pl.  1.  p.  468.     Pursh,  1.  p. 


Calyx  4  leaved,  inferi- 
or. Petals  4.  Capsules 
fleshy, 
cose. 


connate,    ventri- 


Leaves  glabrous,  ab- 
ruptly pinnate,  leaflets 
oval  lanceolate  ;  rachis 
w^inged  ;  fruit  spherical. 


2f4;- 


ENNKANDRIA    MONOCYNIA. 


401 


A  small  tiPC,  *::0— 30  (eel  lii.;h,  the  branches  clabrous,  somewliat 
grnic'ilHtc,  lyfavi's  composoil  of  4  nair  ol  loallets  vithdiit  an  odtl  ono^ 
tiie  loatl.'ts  not  npp.isitf,  lalcatt;,  oorKjuo.  entire.  Coniinon  petiole 
6 — 10  inches  Ions;,  (ei-etc,  p;lal)riMi^,  slijjhtlj  furrowed,  not  \vinu;ed. 
l-'loirer'i  in  terminal  panicU's.  Leaves  ol  the  cnlt/A-  unequal  (;2  lar.  er), 
slii;htly  frinsreil  Corolla  4 — 6  prtalled  ;  petals  lanceolate,  white  ; 
u  cluster  of  hairs  near  the  base  of  each  seems  to  supply  the  place  of 
the  nectary.  Filaments  6 — 8,  hairv  near  the  base,  as  louj  as  tie  co- 
rolla. Germ  3  anjleil.  Stjihn  united,  nearly  conical.  Stigmas  ob- 
tuse, simple.  The  base  of  tlie  pjemi  is  surroniuled  bj  a  yellow,  j;lan- 
dular  rinj;,  in  vhich  tlie  stamen^  and  petals  are  inserted.  Capsules 
3,  united/  ventrioose,  u;labrous.  of  which  1  or  '2  are  frequently  abor- 
tive.     Sffd  one  in  eacii  capsule 

This  plant  ippears  to  difter  in  several  respects  from  the  S.  gapona- 
ria,  as  desci'bfil  jti  th;-  Spvcies  Plantarum. 

Grows  4  iiiiles  b?iow  Savannah,  and  is  said  to  be  found  along  the 
sea  coast  of  tieor;ria. 


CLASS  IX. 

ENNEANDRIA. 


MO.VOGI\YLi. 

259.  LATTRUS. 

260.  ERIOGONCM. 


TRIGYJ^Li, 
2G1.  PLEEA. 


LAUUUS.     Gen.  pr,.  088. 


Calyx  0.  Corolla  cu- 
Jycina  l — n  partita.  Xec- 
fariuni  glandulis  3.  biso- 
ti?!,  ovarium  cin'j:;entiljus. 
Filameiita  interio'a  e;lan- 
dulifera.  Dn/pa  i  spcr- 
ma. 

*  Folila  perrnnantibus. 

1.  CAaOLlNENSIt*.       Mil 

li.  foliis  ovali-lanceola- 
ta^,  coriaceis,  subtus  gluu- 


CaUjxi).  Corolla  re^em^ 
Ijlinga c;ilvx.4 — i)  paitetl. 
\rclanj  with  3  two-awri- 
ed  glands  surrounding 
'  the  i;crin.  TI»o  interior 
flamrrits  bearing  glands. 
Drupe  I  seeded. 

I     *  Umves  perennial. 

I      Leaves  oval  lanceolate, 
coriaceous,  glaucous  uur 


^62 


ENNEANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


CIS ;  pedunculis  simplici- 
bus,  fasciculo  paucifloro 
terminatis ;  corollse  laci- 
niis  exterioribus  duplo 
brevioribus.  Mich,  l,  p. 
S45. 


derneath ;  peduncles  ^m- 
ple,  terminated  with  a 
few-flowered  fascicle ;  ex- 
terior segments  of  the  CO 
rolla  halt 
mterior. 


as  long  as  the 


Pursh,  1.  p.  276. 

Laurug  Borbonia,  Sp.  pi.  2,  p.  481.     Walt.  p.  133. 

In  favourable  soils  this  species  of  Laurel  becomes  a  hantlsome  tree, 
50  feet  high,  with  a  diameter  of  18  or  20  inches.  It  is  however  more 
•oinmonly  a  shrub.  Leaves  entire,  rigid,  glossy.  Flowers  in  small 
elusters,  pale  yellow,  polygamous.  Drupe  dark  blue,  on  a  thick,  red 
peduncle. 

There  are  two  very  distinct  varieties  of  tliis  plant,  one,  growing 
"in  the  richest  hammock  lands,  where  it  is  known  as  the  Red  Bay,  and 
is  sup|M>sed  to  indicate  a  strong  soil,  is  distinguished  by  i  s  deep 
green,  almost  glabrous  leaves,  and  its  wood,  which  is  equal  to  plain 
mahogany  ; — the  other,  which  is  generally  a  shrub,  growing  in  pine 
barren  swamps,  and  forming  almost  exclusively  the  growth  in  what  are 
called  "  bays"  and  "  bay  galls;*'  has  its  leaves  narrower,  pubescent 
underneath,  and  of  a  pale  green  colour.  Both  are  very  aromatic,  and 
are  eaten  by  cattle  in  the  winter  season. 

Flowers  May — June. 


2.  Catesbyana.     IVJ^ich. 

L.  foliis  perennantihiis,  |  Leaves  perennial,  broad 
lato-lanceolatis,  ramuhs-  |  lanceolate,  and  with  the 
que  glabris  ;  ])aniculi,s  |  branches  gla!)rous  ;  pan- 
breviuscule  peduncula-  |  icles  on  short  peduncles  ; 
lis;  corolise  laciniis  oh-  |  segments  of  the  corolla 
longis,  obtusis,  subsequal-  |  oblong,  obtuse,  nearly  e- 
il)us,  deciduis.  31ich.  l.  |  qual,  deciduous. 
p.  -5i44.  I 

Pursh,  1.  p.  275. 

A  shrub  6 — 9  feet  high.  Corolla  white,  and  somewhat  rotate.. 
Perfect  stamens  6.    A^ectary  5  cleft.    Berry  ovate,  black.     Mich. 

Grows  on  the  sea  coast  of  Georgia  and  Florida ;  Pursh.  In  the 
southern  part  of  Florida  j  Mich. 

Flowers 


KNNEANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


46» 


**  FoJHs  drciduis,  Jlo- 
rhl)us  dioicis, 

r?.     BkN'/OIN. 

L.  foliis  i)l)ovato-lance- 
olatis.  subtus  puhesccDli- 
bus;  floiibus  glonierato- 
iimlH'lhitis  :  deinmisped- 
iccllisque  glabris. 

Sp.pl.  2.  p.  485.    Walt.  p.  133, 

L.  Pseudo-Benzoin,  Mich.  1.  p.  243. 

A  shrub  4 — 10  foet  liiy;h,  branches  Tir^ate.  Lfar^scuneate  at  base# 
of  a  ^lauciiusor  rather  wluiish  hue  underneatl).  Fedicels  short,  tlow" 
(?)-s  pale  yellow.     Drupes  red. 

Grows  alonj^  the  margins  of  rivulets. 

Flowers  March.  Spice-wood, 


*  *    Leaves   deciduous^ 
JImvers  dioicous. 

Leaves  obovate  lance- 
olate, pubescent  uiider- 
neatli  ;  flowers  in  dus- 
tercd  unil)(ls  ;  l)U(ls  and 
pedicels  glabrous. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  2r6. 


4.  Ggnicclata.     Walt. 

L.  folils  parvulls,  ovali- 
bus,l?cvil)us;  noril)Us  um- 
bellatis;  caule  dicbotonio, 
flcxuoso. 


leaves  small,  oval, 
smootb  ;  flowers  in  um- 
bels ;  stem  dicliotomouSj 
flcxuous. 


Walt  p.  133.     Mich.  1.  p.  244.     Parsh,  1.  p.  276. 

A  small  tree,  10  —  1.1  feet  high,  very  much  branched,  with  the 
branchea  bent  and  an:;l€d  in  a  sinu;ular  manner,  and  with  much  regu- 
larity. Leaves  small,  obtuse,  smoi>th,  the  youn^  ones  a  little  pubes- 
cent near  the  base.  Each  bud  generally  3  flowered.  Fluuevs  yellow. 
Dm  pen  red. 

Grows  around  ponds,  and  in  shallow  water. 

Flowers  February  —  March.  Fund-spice'. 


^.   .•E^TIv.^M^. 

L.    ioliis   venosis,    ob- 

longis,  acuminatis,  annu- 

is,  subtus  ruiJiosis  ;  rainis 

supra  axillaribus.   Sp.  pi. 

2.  p.  4*:i  1<. 

I  have  inserted  thi«  species  from  IjinnKus,  although  it  is  said  to  be 
a  native  of  Virginia,  merely  to  recal  tu  it  tin'  attention  of  our  botanihts. 
Late  writers  refer  this  plant  to  tlie  L.  ueniculata,  but  to  that  species 
(he  description  of  Lina<t:U(i  beaib  uo  rebomblaDcc.     To  the  L.  mcliK- 


Leaves  veined,  oblongs 
acuminate,  annual,  rugose 
underneatb ;  brandies  ax- 
illary above. 


464  ENNEANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 

Sfefblia  its  affinity  is  much  greater  ;  but  it  is  probably  a  species  at 
present  unktiown.  The  description  of  Gronovius,  however,  applies  to 
the  L.  genicuiata. 

Grows  along  the  margins  of  rivulets. 

Flowers 

6.   Meliss;e FOLIA.     Walt. 

L.  tbliis  cordato-Iance-  !       Leaves  coixlate  lanceo^ 


late,  veitied,  pubescviiit 
underneath  ;  flowers  in 
flustered  umbeis  ;  buds 
and  pedicels  villous. 


olatis.  venosis,  subtus  pu- 
bescentibus ;  floribus  glo- 
merato-uinbellatis ;  2;em- 
mis  pedicellisque  villosis. 
Walt.  p.  134.' 

L.  diospyroides,  Mich.  1.  p.  244. 
L.  Diospyrus,    Pursh,  1.  p.  276. 

A  small  shrub,  2 — 3  feet  high.  Root  creepiap;.  Leaves  strongly 
veined,  somewhat  rugose,  pubescent.  finds  sessile,  3  flowered. 
Flowers  yellow.     Drupe  red 

Grows  around  the  edges  of  ponds,  particularly  those  that  are  fre- 
quently dried  up. 

Flowers  February — ^larch. 


7.  Sass>fiias. 

Leaves  entire  and  lo* 
bed. 


L.  foliis  integris  loba 


tisque,     Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  484. 

Walt.  p.  134.     Mich.  1.  p.  244.     Pursh,  1.  p.  277. 

A  small  tree,  15 — 25  feet  high,  frequently  only  a  shrub.  Leaves 
various,  entire,  lanceolate,  ovate,  sometimes  2  or  3  lobed,  somewhat 
rugose,  glabrous  or  pubescent.  Flowers  in  umbels,  v  el  low*.  Buds 
pedicellate.  Stamens  of  the  sterile  flower  S.  Anthers  yellow,  2 
lobed,  each  lobe  2  celled  :  6  orange-coloured  glands,  nearly  reniform, 
fixed  round  the  base  of  the  3  interior  filaments.  Stamens  of  the  fer- 
tile flower  6,  short,  imperfect.  Germ  superior,  ovate.  <S^^/fe  filiform. 
Stigma  capitate,  depressed.     Drupe  blue. 

Grows  in  light  soils.  Very  common  along  fences,  and  around  old 
fields. 

Flowers  March — and,  like  all  the  species  in  this  section,  produces 
its  flowers  before  the  leaves  unfold.  Sassafras. 

ERIOGONUM.     Mich. 


Involiicrum  campanu- 
I  tuiii,  niultiflorum.  Ca- 
lyx subcampanulatus,  6- 


Involucnim  campanu- 
late,  nmny  flowered.  Ca- 
lyx somewhat  canipanu- 


ENNLANDRIA    TRIGYKIA. 


465 


fidus.  Corolla  n.  Stj> 
men  1,  ti  iquctruni,  calycc 
tectum. 


late,  6  cleft.  Corolla  0. 
Srrd  1,  3-angled,  clothed 
with  the  calyx. 


1.    TOMENTOSUM.       Micll. 

E.  foIiiso^ariI)iis,l)asi  cu-        Leaves  oval,  cuncate  at 


iieatis,  supra  £;lal)ris,  sub- 
tus  all)o-tomcntosis,  cau- 
linis  ternis  qualernisve  ; 
florum  fasciculis  axillari- 
bus,  solitariis,  sessilibiis. 


base,  glabrous  on  the  up- 
per  surface,  clothed  with 
a  white  down  on  the  un- 
der, stem  leaves  by  Ss 
or  4s  ;  clusters  of  llowers 
axillary,  sohtary,  sessile. 

Mich.  1.  p.  246.     Piisli,  1.  p.  £77. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  licrbaceou?,  about  2  feet  hiffh,  branching;, 
anil  somewhat  dichntomous.  Leaves  at  cacli  division  of  the  stem  3, 
sonictitnes  4,  lanceolate,  sessile,  at  the  root  oblong,  tapering  at  base, 
all  clothed  on  the  under  surface,  together  with  the  stem,  involucrum 
and  cahfx,  wiH»  a  close,  white  tomentum  or  down.  Stamens  longer 
than  the  calyx.-  Germ  superior,  3  angled.  (S/y^e  very  short.  Stig- 
mas 3,  simple.  Seed  acutely  3  angled,  clothed  with  the  persistent 
calyx.     Mich. 

Grows  on  th«  highest  sand  hills  in  the  middle  country  of  Georgia 
and  Carolina. 

Flowers  tkrough  the  summer. 


TRIGYXIJi. 


^^^^^^  %/V\'V'%.-\  ^ 


Mich. 

Corolla  6  parted,  ex- 
panding. Capsule  supe- 
rior, 3  angled,  3  celled. 
Seeds  numerous,  oblong, 
attached  to  the  margin  of 
the  valves. 


PLEEA. 

Corolla  6 -partita,  pa- 
tens. Capsula  supera,  tri- 
gona,  trilocularis.  Scmi- 
na  nunierosa,  ohlonga, 
margini  valvulorum  ad- 
nata. 

1.  Tenvifolia.     Mich. 

Mich.  I.  p.  248.     Pursh,  1.  p.  278. 

Root  perennial,  fibrous  or  a  little  tuberous.  Leaves  very  narrow, 
•nsiform,  like  the  whole  plant  glabrous.  iSYem  lealV,  1 — 2  feet  hisjh. 
Floicers  in  a  terminal  spike.  Sheaths  alternate,  acute,  one  flowered. 
Segments  of  tiie  corolla  lanceolate,  acute,  of  a  yellowish  red  colour. 
Stamensus,  long  as  the  corolla.  Seeds  terete, slightly  bowed, attached 
by  a  small  stipes  to  tlie  margin  of  the  valves. 

Grows  in  the  open  bogs,  in  lowei-  Carolina  ;  Midi;  Near  V>"il' 
raington,  Nortli'-Carolina  ;  M.  Nuttaf. 

1,8 


4«e 


CLASS   X, 

DECANDRIA. 

MOJ^OGYKM. 

285,  SAXIFRAGA. 

286.  TIAREIJ.A. 

262. 

BAPTISIA. 

287.  S  A  PON  ARIA. 

263. 

CRRCIS. 

264 

CASSIA. 

TltlGFA'M. 

265. 

MEL1\. 

2(6. 

TRIBULUS. 

288.  Cl^rBALUS. 

267 

MONOTROPA. 

289.  SILENE. 

268. 

DION^A. 

290    STELLARIA. 

269. 

JU8SIEUA. 

291.    NRENARIA. 

270. 

KALMIA. 

295i    BRUNNhHIA. 

271. 

LEIOPHYLLUM. 

272. 

RHODODKNBRON. 

TETRAGY.KM. 

273. 

ANDROMEDA. 

274 

VACXINIUM. 

293.  MICROPETALUM 

275. 

EPIGiEA. 

276. 

GNULTHERIA. 

PEJS"T.4GY,rM. 

277. 

CLETHRA. 

278. 

PYROLA. 

294.  SPERGULA. 

279. 

CHIMAPHILA. 

295    CERASTIUM. 

280. 

STYRAX. 

296.  OX  A  US. 

281. 

HAi.ESIA. 

297.  PENTHORUM. 

382. 

MYLOCARIUM. 

398.  SEDUM. 

DIGYA'M. 

VEC^GY.YL9. 

283.  HYDRANGEA. 

ft84.  CHRYSOSPLENIUM. 


299.  PHYrOLACGA. 


BAPTISIA.     Ventenat. 


Calyx  semi-4 — .5 -fid  us, 
bilabiatus.  Corolla  paji- 
ilionacea,  petalis  lon^i 
tudine  suhjequalihus:  vex- 
illurn  latt'ril>us  reflexis. 
Stamina  deddua.  l£- 
gwuen  ventricosum.  ped- 
icelliitunij  pol)'speriiiuui. 


Caljix  4 — .5  cleft,  bila- 
biate. Corolla  papiliona- 
ceous, wirb  the  petals  e- 
qual  in  length  ;  vexiMuui 
with  the  sides  reflected. 
Stamens  deciduous.  L«^- 
gume  V  entri<ose,  pedicel- 
led,  luaiiy  seeded. 


BECANDRTA  MONOGYNIA. 


467 


i.   TrnFoiJA TA. 

iVs^lahrrriiiia:  (olii^^prr- 
folialis,  ()\alil>iH,  inu.'i:;f'i- 
rimis.  p;liunis  :  tloribu!* 
a\illaril)us.  solitariis.      K. 


V(Ty  clahrous  ;  leaves 
|)eifolialc,  oval,  entire, 
i^laiicous ;  flowers  axil- 
lary, solitary. 


Unl'iiia  peif(>liat;i.  Sp.  pi.  3.  p.  949. 

Sophoia  peilttliata,    NValt.  p.  133. 

Piidalviia  peifoliata,  Midi    1.  p.  -263.     Pursh,  1.  p. 50f. 

7/'>o^  as  in  all  tlie  specie"^,  poreniiial.  Stnn  licrl)aopous,  spanncf- 
Iv  'ir.iiiclied.  Learps  simple,  entire,  y;eiierall\  oval,  soiiu'tiincw  neai  ly 
round,  very  smootli  and  glaucous.  Flowers  small,  pale  yellow.  1^' 
^ume  iiitlited,  laine.     Seeda  riMidorm,  very  small- 

(irows  in  tlif  div  sand  I'ills.  Us  uncommon  foliage  renders  it  an 
inti'restinii  an<l  oinatnental  plant. 

Flowers  May — July. 

2     Lanckolata.     Walt. 

B  puhcsceiis;  foiiist  r- 
natis.  cuneato-laneeolatis, 
oi)tusis  :  florihiis  axillati- 
bus,  solitaiiis,  teniiinali- 
bus  racemosis      E. 


Puhescen* ;  leaves  ter- 
niUe.  ciineate  lanceolate, 
ol»tuse  ;  tl»wers  axillaiy, 
solitary,  tlie  icnninal  ones 

formirjg  racemes. 

Sophora  lancpolata,   Walt   p.  135. 

Podalyria  uniHoia,     Micii.  1.  p.  -iGo.     Pursh,  1.  p.  507. 

Stem  lierbaceous,  2  3  het  hi<;h,  sreniculate,and  branching.  Lenvpo 
•n  very  short  petioles,  entire,  emarginatc.  iitipulfx  very  nuiiute. 
Floivers  of  an  obi^cure  yellow,  solitary,  axillary,  but  at  the  extremity 
of  tie  old  ')ianclie.>  fre(|ueiitlv  foniiin;;  terminal  racemes;  the  vex- 
illu'u  deeply  emar;^iiiate  and  ratiier  sliorter  tnaii  t  le  other  petals. 

Grows  in  dry, sandy  soils.  Common  in  the  middle  districtti  of  oa- 
solina  and  (ieor^ia 

Flowers  April — .May. 

3.    TiNCTOUlA. 

H.  a;lal)enima  ;  P)liis  |  Very  glaVoiis  :  leaves 
teriiatis.  ohovatis,  apice  |  tern.ite,  obovatt,  rounded 
rotundatis.  siihses'^ilihus  ;  |  at  the  puiiinit,  nearly  ses- 
racemistenninaliljLis;  (lo-  j  sile  ;  racemes  terminal ; 
ribus  luteis.     E.  |  flowers  yello.v. 

Sophora  tinctj»ria,   Walt,  p    134. 

Podalvri.i  tinctoria,  Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  503.       Mich.  I.  p.  ilOi,      Purgh^ 
1.  p.  dU». 


468 


DECANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 


Stem  herbaceous,  I — 2  feet  high,  very  much  branched.  Leaves 
imall,  cuneate  at  base.  Flowers  small,  in  terminal  racemes,  yellow. 
Legume  on  a  long  stipes. 

Grows  in  very  dry  soils. 


Flowers  June— August. 


Wild  Indigo. 

Leaves  ternate,  leaflets 
oblong,  wedge  shaped, 
obtuse  ;  stipules  lanceo- 
late, twice  as  long  as  the 
petiole;  racemes  long; 
legume  acuminate. 

Podalyria  australis,    Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  503. 

Podalyria  ccerulea,  Mich.  1.  p.  264.  .  Pursh,  1.  p.  307. 

Stem  herbaceous,  often  decumbent.  Leaves  glabrous,  on  very  short 
petioles.     Flowers  blue. 

Grows  along  the  margins  of  rivulets,  particularly  in  the  western 
districts  of  Carolina.     PursJi. 

Flowers  June — July. 


4.  Australis. 

B.  foliis  ternatis,  folio- 
lis  oblongo-cuneatis,  ob- 
tusis ;  stipulis  lanceolatis, 
petiolo  duplo  longioribus ; 
racemis  elongatis ;  legu- 
minibus  acuminatis. 


5.  ViLLOSA.     Walt^. 
B.  foliis  ternatis,  lan- 


I  Leaves  ternate,  lance- 
ceolatis,  pubescentibus  ;  I  olate,  pubescent ;  stem 
caule  calycibusque  villo-  )  and  calyx  villous  ;  sti- 
sis ;  stipulis linearibus ;  ra-  |  pules  linear ;  racemes  ter- 
cemis  terminalibus ;  flo-  |  minal ;  flowers  grey, 
ribus  griseis.  | 

Sophora  villosa,  "Walt.  p.  134. 

Podalyria  villosa,  Mich.  1.  p.  264.     Pursh,  1.  p.  307. 

Leaves  nearly  sessile,  oval  oblong,  obtuse,  pubescent  on  the  under 
surface  and  along  the  margins.    Calyx  4  cleft.    Corolla  yellow.   Mich. 

It  is  not  improbable  that  Michaux  has  described,  under  this  name, 
a.  different  species  from  that  of  Walter.  This  genus  will  probably 
yet  be  much  enlarged. 

Grows  in  the  middle  and  upper  districts  of  Carolina. 

Flowers  June— July. 


6.  Alba.        ^ 

B.  ramis  divaricatis  ; 
foliis  ternatis,  petiolatis, 
foliolis  cuneato-lanoeola- 


Branches  divaricate  ; 
leaves  ternate,  petiolate, 
leaflets  lanceolate,  wedge 


DECANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


16* 


sliaj)t(l  at  base,  obtuse, 
imicroiiatc,  glabrous  ;  sti- 
|)ulcs  subulate,  sliortcr 
than  the  petiole;  racemes 
termiFial ;  flowers  white. 

Mich.  l.p.2G4.    Purslj,l.p.  308. 


tis,  obtiisis,  niutronatis, 
glabris  ;  stipujis  subula- 
tis,  petiolo  brcvioribus  ; 
raceniis  terminallbus;  llo- 
ribus  albis. 

Poilalyria  alba,  "^p.  pi.  2.  p.  503. 
Suphora  alba,  NN  alt.  p.  134. 

Root  peretmial,  composed  of  thick,  fl<^sliy  fibres.  Stem  generallj 
•imple,  1 — 2  feet  hijtjh  ;  branches  near  the  siiiiirnit  flcxuous,  expanding, 
glabrous.  Flowers  in  Ion:;  (1 — 2  feet)  terminal  racemes  ;  the  commun 
peduncles^  like  the  branches,  dark  purple  livactea  a  subulate  leaf  afe 
the  base  of  each  flower,  longer  tlian  tlie  peduncle  and  flower,  and 
falling  before  its  expansion.  Calyx  4  cleft,  the  upper  segments  emar- 
ginate.  Stamens  uneijual,  distinct,  shorter  tiian  the  petak.  Cnpsuie 
iailatod.  cylindrical.     Seeds  very  small. 

Grows  ill  damp,  stron;2;  soils. 

Flowers  March — April. 

7.  Bracteata.     Muhl.  Cat. 

B.   pul)cscens  ;    ramis  |        Pubescent  ;  branches 


divaricatis  ;  fbliis  ternatis, 
petiulatis  ;  foliolis  lancco 
latis ;  racernis  axillaribus, 
retlinatis ;  bracteis  niajus- 
culis,  lato-subulatis,  per- 
sistentibus.     E. 


tlivaricatc  ;  leaves  ter- 
nate,  pctiulate  ;  leaflets 
lanceolate  ;  racemes  ax» 
illarv,  reclined  ;  bracteas 
large,  wide  subulate,  per- 
sistent. 


stem  1 — 2  feet  high,  branching  from  the  base  ;  branches  nearly  ho- 
riiontal.  Leaves  lar^e,  lanceolate,  rather  obtuse,  on  petioles  half  an 
inch  long.  Stipules  low^er  than  ttie  petioles.  The  rffcpm<'s  general- 
ly proceed  from  the  under  side  of  the  branches,  and  bend  to  the 
earth,  so  that  they  are  frequently  not  seen  unless  the  branches  are 
raised  up  Bracteas  an  inch  long,  and  nearly  as  wide  at  base,  per- 
sistent, giving  the  racemes  a  leafy  appearance.  Flowers  grey,  larger 
than  those  of  any  other  species  which  1  liave  seen. 

Grows  in  dry,  rich  soils,  near  Wrightsborough,  Columbia  county, 
Georgia. 

Flowers  April. 

These  plants,  as  far  as  they  were  known,  were  formerly  comprised 
by  Linnteus  in  the  large  and  miscellaneous  genus  Sophora,  in  which 
at  first  he  placed  nearly  all  the  plants  known  to  him,  which,  with  pap- 
ilionaceous flowers,  had  ten  distinct  stamens.  As  the  speciei  multi- 
plied, and  were  accurately  examined,  it  was  found  necessary  to  subdi» 
vide  the  genus,  and  our  plants  were  thrown,  with  a  number  of  specie* 
from  the  C»p«  uf  Good  tiopej  into  the  gtaug  FoUalyria.    Hecentl/ 


470 


BTICANDTITA    MONOGYNlA. 


however,  and  I  think  with  propriety,  the  jj;enus  Baptisia  has  been  es- 
tabli-hed  lor  the  North  American  species,  which  now  form,  perhaps 
tvith  the  exception  of  the  B.  pcrfoliata,  a  very  natural  family. 


CERCIS.     Gen.  pl.  696. 


Calyx  5-clentatns.  in- 
ierne  g;il)l)us.  Corolla  \m- 
pi  ionacea,vrxillo  suh  alls 
brtvi.  L&giimen.  (Folia 
sin.plicia.) 

1.  Canadensis. 

C.  foliis  subi  otundo-cor- 
datis,  acuniinatis,  ad  axil- 
las  nervoiiini  villosis ;  le- 
giiminil'/Us  bi  evi  stipitatis. 
Mich.  1.  p.  265. 

Sp.  pl.  2.  p.  508.    Walt.  p.  135. 


Calyx  5  toothed,  gib- 
bous at  inise.  (  orolla  pa» 
pilionaceous,  with  a  short 
vcxilhirn  underlhe  wings. 
Seed  vessel  a 
(Leaves  simple.) 


egunie. 


Leaves  nearly  roiinr], 
cordate,  aeunnnate,  vil- 
lous at  tile  axils  of  the 
nerves ;  legumes  on  short 
footstalks. 

Puish,  1.  p.  308. 


A  small  tree,  15  tu  30  feet  high,  brandies  slightly  geniculate,  bark 
smooth,  of  a  lij;ht  grey  colour.  L^otv-s  deciduous,  entire,  f'tourrs  in 
small  axillary  racemes,  I  or  2  of  which  aie  produced  froifi  each  bud, 
bearing  6 — 8  flowers  ('aiy.r  pubescent  at  the  margin.  Corolla  of  a 
bright  rose  colour,  the  vexillum  very  small  within  the  winj!;8,  the  keel 
composed  of  2  petals  larger  than  the  other  parts  of  the  flower  and 
which  cohere  when  young.  StamenH  unequal  (5  alternately  long), 
shorter  than  the  corolla.  J\t"cetari/ ?  a  smiili  linear  gland  at  the  base, 
of  the  germ.     Lfgumes  compressed,  many  seeded. 

This  tree  produces  its  flowers  in  great  profusion  before  the  leaves 
are  unfolded,  and,  from  the  brightness  of  their  colour,  is  one  of  tlie 
most  ornamental  trees  in  our  forests.  When  the  leading  shoot  is  cut 
down  it  btcomes  shrubby,  producing  many  suckers  from  the  roots. 

Grows  in  rich,  light  soils. 

Floweis  in  the  beginning  of  March. 

CASSIA.     Gen.  pl.  700. 


Calyx  5-phyllus.  Pe- 
tola  S).  Antlierce  supre- 
mse  3  steriles,  infinise 
3  rostt  atse,     Legunun  ^xx- 


Calyx  5  leaved.  Pe- 
ffU  a.  The  6  upper  an- 
thers sterile,  the  3  lower 
beaked.  Legume  supe- 
rior, S  vaived. 


OnCANDKri    MONOGYNIA. 


471 


i.    ToHV. 

(/.  fz;lal)ni :  fuliis  ;J  jii- 
pH.  ohova'is.riliatis,  cxtc 
ri(>ril)us  niajorilms,  s:\au- 
diila  siil)ul.ita  inter  iii- 
ici ioia  :  pcilurHiilis  pau- 
ciM'H'is  axillarihus  ;  lrii;u- 
iiiiiiihus  arcuaiis.     E- 


Sp  pi. 


515.    Wall.  p.  135. 


niahi'oiH  :  leaves  in  3 
pair,  ()l)')vate,  eiliate,  the 
terminal  ones  the  lar!i;cst, 
a  subulate  «z;Iau(l  between 
the  lower  pair  ;  pediiri- 
rles  lew  n'uver("(l,  axilla- 
rv  ;  lep;urnes  curved. 

Pur.Mi,  I.  p.  305. 


Annual.  Stem  3  fi-ct  iuijl),  l)r;inchini;,  a  little  roUi;h,  and  sprinkleil 
with  hair  near  tlio  siiiiunit.  Lchl-i's  i;lat)n)ii.s,  slii^lulv  iiiucroiiatf,  im- 
c«jual  at  bast',  the  lower  pair  m-ariv  rmind,  the  upper  somewhat  spathu- 
la'e  Gland  peiiicellate,  oran;^e-c(il.»iireil.  Stipules  ensiforni,  eili- 
ate.    Leaved  of  the  cali/.v  obtu>e,  5  nerved,  ciliate.     /V/o/.s  obovate, 

uiiecpial,  etnar;;inate,  3  nerved,  yellow.     Stamens  2 — 3  lon<j,  4 G  of 

an  intprmt'diate  size,  all  much  shorter  than  the  corolla.  Jint/iers  erect, 
4  anjiled.  of  an  olive  colour,  openin;;  at  the  summit  through  a  Ion"- 
contracted  mouth.  Qerw  linear,  tleclining  ')ityle  very  short.  Sti"-- 
ma  obtuse,  legume  about  6  inches  long,  when  young  square,  when 
mature  teiete,  curved.    Seeds  numerous,  reniform.ohlitiuely  truncate. 

I  !iave  never  seen  the  variety  with  straii^ht  legumes,  and  cannot 
therefore  determine  whetlier  tiiis  will  form  a  distinct  species. 

(irows  about  buildin'rs,  and  in  dry,  cultivated  soils.     Common. 

Flowers  Au^^ust- October. 


2      0(  ('IOKNT.\Ll«t. 

C  jilal)i-a  ;  loliis  i"5-ju- 
gis.  ovato-lanceolatis,  a- 
cuininatis,  inar'i;inc  sca- 
biis  ;  pe;lun<'ulis  faseieu- 
latis.  pauci^oris.  axillari- 
bus ;  lei»;uniinil)us  com- 
pressis,  laical  is.      E. 

8p.  pi.  2.  p   518.     Mich.  l.p.  5GI.    Pursh,  1.  p.  305. 
Cassia  Caroliniana  .'   Walt.  \u  135. 

liont  annual.  Strm  4 — fi  feet  liigh,  rarely  branched,  slightly  geii- 
irulate  towards  the  siinmit.  lances  sometime^,  t!)oujrh  not  ofieii, 
with  six  pair  of  leaflets,  rarely  if  ever  3;  leaflets  slightly  serrulate, 
uue(|ual  at  base,  the  upper  one  t!ie  largest.  (Hand,  near  the  base  of 
the  common  petiole,  globular.  Slip,  les  lancecdate,  acunnnale,  ob- 
lique at  base,  deciduous.  Flower.^  on  small  racemes,  1 — \  in  eacW 
aiiil  :  the  raceme*  3 — <j  flowered.  lirnclea  at  t!ie  ha-e  of  each  flower 
cordate  ovate,  acuminate,  spotted,  cuducous.     FtitaU  yellow,  without 


Gla!)rous  ;  leaves  in  5 
pail-,  ovate  lanceolate,  a- 
cunrinatc,  scabrous  along 
the  e(lu;es  ;  peduncb'S 
clusteied,  lew  dowered, 
axillary ;  legumes  com- 
pressed, falcate. 


47» 


DECANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


ipots  at  base.  Stamens  6  fertile,  4  sterile.  Germ  pubescent.  L«- 
gume  coriaceous,  many  seeded  (30 — 50).  Seeds  nearly  oval,  coin<* 
pressed. 

This  plant  has  very  rarely  S  pair  of  leaflets  on  each  leaf,  yet  I  know 
•f  no  other  species  to  which  the  C.  Caroliniana  of  Walter  can  be  re- 
ferred. 

Grows  around  buildings.     Very  common. 

Flowers  July — October.  Styptic -weed. 


3.  Linearis.     Midi. 

C.  glabra  ;  foliis  5 — 6- 
jugis,  ovatis,  acutis  ;  pe- 
dunculis  axillaribus,  pau- 
cifloris  ;  leguminibus  te- 
retibus.     E. 


Glabrous ;  leaves  in  5 
or  6  pair,  ovate,  acute  ; 
peduncles  axillary,  few 
flowered  ;  legumes  te- 
rete. 


Mich.  1.  p.  261.    Pursh,  1.  p.  S06. 


Very  similar  in  habit  and  appearance  to  the  preceding  species. 
heaves  rather  smaller,  acute  rather  than  acuminate,  with  a  gland  at 
the  very  base  of  the  petiole.  Racemes  axillary,  few  flowered  (2 — 4). 
Legumes  terete,  somewhat  curved,  many  seeded. 

Michaux'  name  for  this  species  is  certainly  not  appropriate  ;  its 
terete  legume  is  its  only  valid  character,  and  would  have  supplied  at 
tinexceptionable  name. 

Grows  in  Carolina;  Mich.  I  have  only  seen  this  plant  in  Michaux* 
old  garden,  near  Charleston,  and  know  not  where  he  first  discovered 
it. 

Flowers  August — October. 


4.    LiGUSTRINA. 

C.  pubescens  ;  foliis  7- 
jugis,  lanceolatis,  extinriis 
minoribus  ;  pedunculis 
terminalibus,  subpanicu- 
latis ;  leguminibus  oblon- 
gis, subfakatis.  Pursh,!. 
p.  306. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  523. 

Leaves  glabrous,  hairy  along  the  margin.    Gland  at  the  bas?  ©f  the 
petiole.     Linn. 
Grows  in  cultivated  ground,  from  Virginia  to  Georgia. 
Flew«rs  July— August* 


Pubescent  ;  leaves  in 
7  pair  lanceolate,  die 
exterior  one  ^allest;  pe- 
duncles terminal,  some- 
what paniculate ;  legumes 
oblong,  slightly  falcate. 


UKCANDRIA    MONO(;VMA. 


473 


Xcaily  ,L:;la1»roiis ;  leaves 
in  H  pair,  ()l)l«jni;  lanceo- 
late, luucronale;  racemes 
axilluiy,  many  flowered; 
lei^un\es  linear,  curved. 


5.  Marilanuica. 

C  glahriuscula  :  Ibliis  8- 
ju,u;i^.()l>long()-laiice(jlali^, 
inucronatis;  racemis  ax- 
illaribns,  nniltilioris  ;  Ic- 
<j;iiminibiis  linearibus,  ar- 
cualis. 

Sp.  1)1.  2  p.  5:24.    Walt.  p.  13j.    Midi.  1.  p.  2()l.    Tursh,  1.  p.  30G. 

Stem  spiinkK'd  \vit!i  liair.  LeavfS  all  lu'arlv  ei|ual.  Ghud  obo- 
TUtc,  near  the  base  of  t lie  petiole.  //arc/iK'.s  axillary,  but,  as  in  the  tlirea 
precedin;;  species,  appearing  paniculate  at  the  bunujiit  ol  the  atom. 
•.i;///iprs  dark  brow  n.  ' 

Grows  in  |;ravilly  s()i!s,-along  the  banks  of  riverg.     Pursh. 

Viouers  June — Au<rust. 


Leaves  in  many  pairs^, 
linear,  c;labrous ;  buds  lew 
flowered  (i — ;J),  above 
tlie  axils  ;  2  petals  spot- 
ted j  legumes  villous. 


0.  CTiAM^r.riiisTA. 

C.  foliis  mullijugis,  li- 
nearibus. g;labris;2:e  it  mis 
paiicifloris  (l — :i),  supra 
axillaiibus  :  petalis  duo- 
bus  maculatis  ;  Icgumini- 
bus  villosis.     E. 

Sp.  pi,  2.  p.  528.  Walt.  p.  15G.  Mich.  1.  p.  2G2.  Pursh,  1.  p.  5ftC. 
Annual.  Stem  1 — ifccthijh.crectand  procumbent,  with  t!ie  branches 
divaricate,  hirsute  and  scabrous.  Leaves  in  10 — 1 J  pair,  ob!i(|ue, 
oval,  but  very  narrow,  mucronate,  slightly  serrulate,  and  glaucous 
underneath,  the  veins  pellucid;  petiole  hirsute,  with  a  pedicellate 
cup-shaped  g;Iai)d  belou  the  lowest  pair  of  leaflets.  Stipidts  subulate, 
ciliate.  Petals  yellow,  2  sonietiuies  S  spotted  at  ba>e  with  purple. 
Stamens  10,  all  fertile.  .Inthers  4  yellow,  G  purple.  Legumes  linear, 
very  villous. 

(irows  in  ?andv  soiU;  very  generally  diffused  over  the  country. 

Flowers  August — September. 


7.  Fascicilata.     Mich. 


C.  glabriuscula  :  foliis 
iiudtijugis  ;  fasciculis  lat- 
cralibus,  multilloris  ;  pe- 
talis ?taminil)uscpie  con- 
coloribiis  ;  leguminibus 
glabris.    Mich.  l.  p.  20^:. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  oUG, 

.M  3 


Nearly  glabrous ;  leaves 
in  many  pairs  ;  fascicle?; 
lateral,  many  flowered  ; 
pelals  and  stamens  of 
one  colour;  legumes  gla- 
brous. 


474 


DF,C\Nnr?T\    MONOr.YNlA. 


Leaves  in  many  pairs,  tlie  up;)ei-  arc  y;enerally  in  9  pair.  The 
Ww/i^/,  near  the  )nid<IIe  of  the  petiole,  sessile  '■'.•ro//rt  stn:) Her  than 
tliat  nt'the  C.  cham'*rrista.  yellow.     Le^^umes  curved.     Mich. 

Grows  in  Hrv  cul  ivated  laud. 


Flowers  June — August. 


8      NC  TITANS. 

C.  pubpscens ;  foliis  Pubescent  :  leaves  in 
mii]uju<^ls,linearil)us;  pc-  many  paiis,  linear;  pe- 
dujiculis  fasdruiaiis,  pau-  tluncles  clustered,  few 
cifl  HIS,  supra  axillaiil)us;  I  Howtired, above  the  axils; 
fl -libus  pentandris;  sta-  /  flowers  pentandrous;  sta- 
minibus  iBqualil)Us.     E.     j  mens  equal. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  5^29.    Walt  p.  135.    Mich.  I.  p.  2G2.   Pursh,  1.  p.  307". 

Annual.  Stem  1 — 2  feet  hifh,  erect  and  procumbent,  becoming 
g1al)rous  when  old  ;  branches  expanding.  Leaves  in  many  pairs 
(IG  20),  niucronate,  gibbous  at  base.  Gland  belou  the  lowest 
pair  of  leaves,  turbinate,  rather  large,  truncate  at  the  suniirut. 
Fr({unc'ef<  generally  3  flowered,  sometimes  very  near  the  axils  Fe- 
/f'/- unequal,  yellow,  tiie  exteiior  one  much  lar<jer  tlian  tl^e  others. 
It'-uiinents  short.  Jinthers  purple.  Legumes  oblong,  compressed,  vil- 
loma. 

Grows  in  great  profusion  in  old  dry  pastures.  Common  in  all 
sandv  s-.»ils. 

Fiuwers  August — October. 


<).    As. 'ERA.     Mnbl.  Cat. 

r.  sti ij;osa,  ispcra  ;  fo- 
liis  nudtiju2:is.  lineari-lan- 
ceolais,  eiliatis  ;  pedun- 
ciilis  pau<  ifloris,  supra 
axi!larii)us ;  floribus  7-9- 
an(bis  ;  stan)inibus  tri- 
bus  loiigioiibus.     E. 


Strisiosp.  roiis:h  ;  leaves 
in  nia.iy  paij'^,  linear  lan- 
ceolate, eiliato  ;  pedun- 
cles few  flowered,  above 
the  axils ;  flowtrs  with 
7 — 9   stamens,  3 


longer 


tiian  the  rest. 


Annual.  Stem  1 — 3  f<  et  high,  hispid  and  rough  ;  branches  gene- 
rally erect  Leaves  in  many  pairs  (24-  ;  leafiets  fiinged,  particular- 
ly ;ni  one  margin.  Gland  below  the  lowest  pair  of  leaves,  turbinate, 
concave  at  the  sum<nit.  P/'fiwuc/f'.s  generally  3  flowered.  Stamens  ir- 
rt'.ular.  3  always  longer  than  the  rest,  the  remainder  (most  frequent- 
1  )  uneqiijl.  Vn//?prs  unequal,  vfllow.  cleganth  marked  al^uu  the 
^ides  aud  around  the  moutiij  witii  a  purple  line,    Legmne  compressed> 


DECVNnniA    MONOOYNIA. 


476 


ol>tu8e,  murronato,  mnrkcMl  with  transverse  purj)lc  bands  brtwroti  t'c 
seeds,  jj^oti'Tall  V  c(»nl;iiniu^  6  seeils.  * 

Ver\  similar  in  liu')it  airul  j|i|)i'atance  to  the  C.  ni«  ti'aiiH.  with 
chilli  if  ;;r<)v\«*  nil  the  hca  i.-»laii(U,  a:i<l  witli  u  .icli  it  has  hitherto  Uceo 
CourmiiMlfd.     On  Kdiii^'s  island  near  IJeaufort,  cununon. 

Flowers  Au-usi — October. 


iAIKLlA.     Gin.  pl.  724. 


r^/'//.r  5- flontatus.  Pr- 
tabi  5.  SWt'irinm  cylin- 
(lra(:i'mn,(lefitaluin.fiiU(:r 
aiilheras  iackmis.  Dvupa 
mice  quinqiicloculari. 


Culjj.v  .)  toollicfl.  Pc- 
tdh  .3.  .VfCturff  r>  linlri- 
cal,  tooihcfJ,  hijiiiiij;  the 
aid  Iters  in  tlit'  iliKi.t. 
Dnipc  Willi  u  3  ccIIlJ 
nut. 


Leaves  bipirinatc  ;  I'uf- 
lets  smooth,  ovule,  toolii- 
cd. 


1.     AZEDARACH. 

M  Ibliis  l)i{)iiiiialis;  lb- 
liolis  lyevihiis,  ovati?*.  dcn- 
taiis.     Pcrs.  i.  p.  toy. 

Sp.  pl.  ^2.  p.  558 

A  trf'C  30 — 40  feet  Iii^h,  and  in  favourable  soils  sometimes  more 
than  3  f«'et  in  dia;neter,  witii  branches  clustered  at  irre.ular  iit -r- 
vals.  i^aves  decnluous,  doubly  pinnate  ;  Iciileri  of  a  dee  >  grneii  C'»- 
liiur,  dentate,  acuminate,  ulahrous.  flowers  in  clustered  axillary 
panicles  at  tin*  summit  of  the  bianches.  of  a  lilac  col.iur,  and  remarka- 
i)le  in  their  structure  for  their  curinus  nectary.  Stamens  vrv  sh  n-t, 
JJnpe  containiuj;a  nut  obtusely  aiij^ular,  and  enveloped  in  a  soft,  yi-l- 
lovvish  pulp. 

Tiiis  tree,  a  native  of  l'«M-sia.  is  now  perfectly  naturalized  in  our 
country,  sprin^jinj^  front  seed  in  cultivated  latid  and  around  em  In- 
sures with  more  freedom  tlian  mist  of  our  natirc  trfes.  It  is  n  w 
generally  cultivated  around  bjildioi^s  and  in  yards,  and  in  m.nn  re- 
spects merits  this  prelerenci-.  It  liiows  more  rapidly  than  aiiv  of  t-r 
tree  with  which  we  are  ar(|.iaiiited.  forms  a  fine  shade,  retains  t  ip. 
beautiful  verdire  of  it<»  le.ives  until  l«t<*  in  the  autumn,  and  is  so 
noxious  to  insects  in  ^^eneral.  that  it  excanes  almost  entirely  t  fir 
ravages.  Within  a  few  vears  pa>t,  ttowever.  a  species  of  c>»ccus  has 
been  found  in  the  autumn  to  ilestroy  V  c  leaves  of  this  tn-e.  in  the 
contral  part  of  Charleston.  Its  fl(»\viTs  are  ornamental  and  !'ra..:vit. 
Its  ti'iib(>r  IS  said  to  Ih*  diiralile.  and,  as  its  colour  is  .:o<>d,  it  ius  b  >ii 
reriinmended  lor  cabinrt-makfr's  work  ;  but  the  ^rain  is  loo  ci>ai  -c 
ft  fine  and  ornamental  furniture.  Its  i;r«'atest  disadvatitaje  -  ■' e 
facility  with  which  it  is  blo^vn  do  n  l)v  hi;rh  winds:  b*if  i-  i  •  '- 
p»Mi*ati  >'i.  it  lit'ars  tra'isnla  tti-i.:  ''V' o  v^hi'o  nl  !.  takf>  i  .  >  I  u  ••^t 
witii  tliu  Idcility  uf  au  Herbaceous  plaat^  and  appears  to  suti'cr  do  ifl' 


*%yS  DEGANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 

jury  from  l\^ving  its  brandies  lopped  off  close  to  the  trunk  ever.t 
second  ve.ir,  if  necessary,  by  which  means  the  head  can  be  restrained 
%vithin  proper  bounds.  The  branches  make  excellent  fuel.  The  fruit 
('•berries''  as  they  arc  improperly  called)  is  eaten  by  domestic  animals 
and  birds  with  impunity,  and  is  a  favourite  food  of  the  Turdus  migra- 
torius. 

Grows  in  most  soils,  preferring  those  which  are  lii^'it.  The  largest 
trees  that  I  have  seen  grow  in  tlie  streets  of  the  city  of  Savannah. 
In  poor,  sandy  soils  it  woiild  be  difficult  to  find  a  substitute  for  this 
tree. 

Flowers  April  Pride  of  America — Pride  of  India 

The  bark  of  the  root  is  connidered  to  be  a  good  vermifuge.  Twen- 
ty grains  of  the  powdered  bark,  or  four  ounces  of  a  saturated  decoc- 
tion are  the  usual  doses  given  to  a  child  of  7  years  old.  It  is  in  some 
measure  narcotic,  and  requires  the  aid  of  some  cathartic  to  carry  it 
through  the  bowels. 

TRIBULUS.     Gen.  pl.  733. 


Calyx  5  pailitus.  Pe- 
'tola  5,  palentia.  Stylus  v. 
C<ips2i}(^  5,  giblJSB,  p!e- 
rumque  spinosse,  poly- 
spernife. 

4.  Maximus  ? 

T.  foliis  subqiiadriju- 
gis,  cxteiioribus  majori- 


Calyx  5  parted.      Pe^ 

tals  5,  expani]ing.  Style 
0.  Capsules  5,  gibbous, 
commonly  spiny,  many 
seeded. 

Leaves  generally  in  4? 
pair,  the  exterior  ones  lar* 
peiicai'ps  ten  seed- 


gcst  ; 


ed,  not  spiny. 


bus ;  pciicarpiis  decas- 
perini^,  muticis.  Sp.  pi. 
S.  p.  566. 

Tribulus  terrestris,  Muld.  Gat. 

A  small,  prostrate  plant,  ^tem  pubescent,  branching,  1 — 2  feet 
long.  Leaves  pinnate,  generally  with  3,  sometin^es  \vith  4  pair  of 
leaflets  ;  leaflets  unequal,  oval,  slightly  falcate,  nuicrouate,  a  little 
liairy,  and  dotted  with  crescent  shaped  dots,  the  exterior  leaflets  al- 
ways the  largest.  Sfipides  subulate,  villous.  Fluwers  axillary,  soli- 
tary, on  peduncles  about  an  inch  long,  erect  when  expaudcd,  after- 
■wards  nodding.  Cali/.v  persistent.  Petah  obovate,  lon;^er  than  the 
calvx,  maixescent,  yellow.  iStamens  unequal,  shorter  than  the  corol- 
la, inserted  into  the  base  of  the  germ.  Germ  superior,  slightl}'  furrow- 
ed. Stifle?  longer  tlian  tiie  statiiens,  conical,  furrowed.  Stigma 
capitate.  Capsules  10  celled,  resembling  10  capsules  united,  gibbous 
at  base,  roughened  with  tubeicles,  and  pointed  witl)  the  obtuse  styles. 
Seed  one  in  each  cell,  obovate,  compressed,  acute  at  base. 

Grows  in  the  streets  of  the  city  of  Savannah.  First  noticed  by  th<? 
late  Dr.Brickell. 

Flowers  June — September. 


UECANDUIA    MONOCnNlA. 


IV  / 


MONOTIIOPA.     Gi:n.  vl.  737. 


Cnff/.r  0.  Petals  iO, 
of  which  Ihc  5  exterior 
arc  excavated  at  l)ase,  and 
ni(Hil'(MT)iis.  Capsules  b 
vaived.  many  seeded. 

Scape  short,  thick,  1 
flowei  (_•(!  :  scales  ajiprox- 
iniate  ;  llowcr  ccrniious. 


(^aljix  0.  Prt<!Ja  i  (), 
horuni  r>  cxteriora  hasi 
cxcavata,  niclUrei  a.  Cap- 
sula  i5-valvis,  polyspcr- 
nia. 

I.  Umflora. 
M.  scapo  hreviore.  cras- 
so,  luiiMoro  ;  squamis  ap- 
j)i'oxinialis;  llore  ccniuo. 
Tursh,  1.  p.  JO 3. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  578.    Walt.  p.  13G.    Midi.  1.  p.  2CG. 

liodts  para"<ific,  growin;::;  from  tlic  roots  of  trees.  Scape  simply 
^6—8  inches  hi'jili,  frrete,  <;lal)r«r.is.  socculent,  wliite,  ji^eiierallr  clus- 
tered. Liuves  mcroiv  scale*,  sessile,  ovate,  rather  obtuse,  uliite.  the 
upper  ones  lotvi;er.  oval,  and  appearing  to  ilotlie  ti.e  base  of  the  co- 
rolla. Flowers  solitary,  tcrniinal,  cernnoiis.  I'i'ta(s5}  oblou':;,  o- 
bovatc,  {libbous  at  base,  pubescent  on  the  inside  particularly  near  the 
base,  and  tiirnished  with  a  melliferous  pore.  Filnmeiits  10,  une(|ual} 
shoiter  than  the  corolla,  pubescent  at  base;  from  the  base  of  tht; 
shorter  filaments  i2  subulate,  horn-like  trlands  are  reflected  into  the 
hollow  at  the  base  of  the  petals,  ^lutherfi  reniform,  I  celled,  furrow- 
ed, "peninf;  at  eath  extremity,  ^"ecfury'/  one  leaved,  ventricose^ 
10  toothed,  furrowed,  ct('thinir  the  gcru>.  and  foiminj;  finally  the  ex- 
terior coat  of  the  capsule  ?  Germ  superior,  veiitricose.  titi/le  thick, 
as  Ions;  a*>  the  stamens.  Siig;nin  lar^e.  concave,  glutinous.  Capsule 
5  an:;liMl,  5  celled.  Sirds  very  numerous,  oblong,  striate,  attached  lo 
a  central  receptacle. 

This  plant  diflers  so  much  in  its  corolla  and  nectary  from  the  char- 
acter of  the  genus  in  the  fien.  I'lant.  taken  from  the  M.  Ilypopithys, 
that  it  will  probably  be  correct  to  re-cstaMish  Dillenius's  v;t'nus  ily- 
popithys, to  which  perhaps  all  the  many-llowcred  species  \\ill  belong. 
As  tins  is  the  only  speciis  I  have  seen  in  a  living  state,  I  leave  to 
otliers  their  final  distribution. 

Grows  in  light,  rich  soils. 

Flowers  October — November. 


2.    MORIPONTANA.       MIcU 

M.  scapo  cloni^ato,  rcc-  j 


Scape    lon^,    very 


tisslmo,  anillo?o  :  sfjua-  I  straight,-  one   flowered  j 


478 


DEC\NDRT^    MONOGYNIA, 


scales    distant  ;    flowers 
eiect. 


Scape  bearing  flowers 
in  ii  spike  :  bracteas  .;nd 
flowers  hairy  on  ail  sides. 


iTiis  distantihus  ;   florc  e- 
recto.     Mich.  l.  p.  Ai6(5. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  503. 

Floivers  solitary,  constantly  erect.     Capsule  globose.     Mich, 
Grows  in  shatly  woods.     Carolina.     Midi.  » 

Flowers 

3,   Lanuginosa.     Mich. 

M.    scapo    spi  ifiyjo  ;  | 

bracteis   floribusque    iin-  ' 

dique  hniuginusis,    Mich. 

1    p.  26\). 

Pursh,  I.  p.  303.  ^ 
Monotrona  hypopithys,  "SValt.  p.  136. 

Routs  as  in  all  tiie  species,  parasitic,  throwing  from  the  roots  of 
tr^es.  Stem  8 — 12  inches  liigh,  simple,  a  little  imiry.  Leaves  mere- 
ly scales,  membranaceous,  ovate, Obtuse,  sessile,  crowded  at  base,  a 
little  hairy,  tloicers  in  a  terminal  spike,  on  short  peduncles,  lime- 
teas  resembling  the  scales  PeJals  obhmii;,  erect.  Stamens  shuiter 
tlian  the  petals.     Whole  plant  of  a  li«rht  tan  colour. 

Grovv^  in  sliaded,  rich  soiLs,  in  the  aud'He  and  upper  country  o.f 
Carolina  and  Georgia.     St.  Stephens  ;  Dr   xMacbride. 

Flowers 

Although  not  strictly  within  the  limits  assigned  to  this  work,  I  in-, 
sert  the  description  of  a  new  genus  of  plants   closely   allied   to  tiie 
Monotropa,  which  has  been  politely  communicated  to  me  by  the  Rev. 
Lewis  de  Schweinitz,  of  Salem,  North-Carolina. 

1  liope,  however,  that  instead  of  the  compound  name  by  which 
Mr.  Sciiweinitz  has  designated  this  genus,  to  which  Botanical  critics 
tvill  oiijcct,  the  name  of  Schweinitzia  may  be  given  to  it.  to  com- ic- 
morate  tiie  services  which  its  discoverer  is  rendering  the  botany  of 
the  United  States  :  services  which  will  soon  be  generally  and  exten- 
sively known.  And  altliough  the  attention  of  Mr.  Schweinitz  lias 
hitherto  been  principally  directed  to  the  natural  order  of  tlie  Kungi, 
yet  no  branch  of  our  botany  has  escaped  his  notice,  and  all  will  be 
enriched  by  his  researches. 

MONOTROPSJS.     ScHWEiNi  rz. 

Calyx  5-phyllus,  marcidus  ;  foliolis  basi  unguiculato-gibbosis.  fornica- 
tis.  ovato-acuminatis,  arete  appressis  corollee,  quam  longitudiue 
adsequant. 

Corolla  monophylla,  campanulata,  carnosa  (i.  e.  substantife  ^•onotr(l- 
pee),  rubro-alba  :  limbo  quinquefido,  albo,de>!um  n^flexo.  laciniis 
ovato-acntis.  Ad  basin  comllre  nectarimn  quinquefidum  inclu- 
suzn  coroilaai  quasi  gibbosam  reddit. 


DBrANTIRI\     IMONOr.YKlA. 


479 


Stamina  ilerem,  nvcU'  iii^idomia  \utvr  nrrtaiia   i^craiini  ;    filamoi.ta 

« .11  iii'D-iubi  a  ;  atitlu'i.c  l(tt)-a*.  <  lavato-^at'catje. 
Pii-tiUum  unicum.  j;ciiuin«'-(nia»li.it(»  aut  |)otiu>  piMitai:ona,  sub  forni- 

c.to,  nloliosd  iti>i(lciis,  stiu«i>ut<   sub;;l(»biist(  %ific(>,  5-\alvi,  apicc 

port)   nataro  :  stijiitc  carnuao  durO)  bti()ulis  cariieis  dcinum  niar- 

cidis,  bruiiiiei^  obsttto. 

i.     OlHtUAlA. 

M.  floribus  ciimpaiiulatis,  in  capitulo  airrc'zntis.     S. 

A  small  plant,  r> — 4  inclios  liigli,  re3embliii<;  ciilirely  in  habit  the 
Mi>K(»fn»pa.  riit'^oMvrs  have  the  odour  ()(■  tlie  violet.  Iturov*-.  in 
ri«!..  bhadi>d  laiui^.  in  Stokts  county,  N'trth-C'arolina,  generally  cov- 
oti;d  with  leaves.     Flowers  Fobruarv  and  .Niaicli. 


DIOWKA.     (lEN.  I'L.  729. 


Calf/x  3  leaved.  Pe- 
tdh  .3.  Stiguia  riiiil)ii;ite. 
Capsule  I  celled,  gibbous, 
many  seeded. 


Cnhjx  ;7-p!iylli!s.  Pe- 
tain  5.  stiguui  liinbrici- 
tum.  ■  Capsida  i-locula- 
ris.  2;i'^I)a,  pulyspcnna. 

i.    MlSCIPtLA.      S|).  ;il.  ij.  p    574. 

Walt.  p.  14-!.     Mich.  1.  p.  GGr.     Pursh,  1.  p.  304. 

Buoi  perennial.  Leovrs  radical,  petiolate,  2  lobed,  nearly  round, 
folding;  up,  arme<l  alorj;;ij  the  margin  of  the  upper  surface  with  .'>  or  4 
sli Tt  spines  Fetit}le>i  winged  as  in  the  orange  leaf),  rather  lon;;er 
than  the  le;if,  and  without  a  fringe,  ■'^'cape  a  span  long,  erect.  To- 
ry"i6  termi   ;il.      Peduncle^  »'uup\c      Flairi'rs  wWiic.     /V/n/s  streaked. 

Thelcaf  of  this  plant  posse>hes  much  irritabilitv»so  that  when  an  in- 
sect falls  or  aligltts  on  its  upper  surlace.  it  closes,  entanglinir  the  in- 
sec  t  \*ith  its  spines  and  fringe.  an<l  detainin;;  it  as  long  as  it  con- 
tinues  to  ^truji;Ie.  W  hen  the  inject  becomes  quiet  the  leaf  graduallj 
unfolds.     Ijinii.  Inc.  tit. 

Grows  in  turfy  or  sandy  bogs,  and  is  very  abundant  around  Wil- 
wiu'/ton,  North-t^arolina.  but  appears  to  l)e  conliried  in  its  haltitat. 

To  General  Charles  Cotesworth  Pinckney,  who  amirlst  the  avoca- 
ti'Mis  of  a  Inri;;  life  actively  and  honoraljly  devoted  to  the  seivice  of 
his  co'intry,  has  jiaid  muc!>  attention  to  its  botany,  I  am  indei)ted  for 
the  oiilv  locality  ol  tlii*.  [dant  in  this  >tate  with  which  I  am  ac<{uaint> 
ed.  He  informs  me  ttiat  it  grows  |)lentifully  on  tlie  margins  o(  ti  c 
creeks  runnintr  inti»  the  Sautee  river  fi-o;a  the  south,  liet'Aeen  Lvncli's 
Fer'  V  and  the  sea  :  particularly  at  t'<dli:i'''*  &.  Bowman^A  biidges. 

W  lifer  also  considered  it  as  a  native  of  tliis  atate. 

Flowers  April — May. 


480. 


DEGANDRIA    MONOGYNlA, 


JUSSIEUA.     Gen.  pl.  741. 


Cuhix  4 — 5'partitus, 
superus.  Petala  -l — 5. 
Capsula  4 — 5-loca!aTis, 
oblonga,    aiigiilis    deliis- 


Calijx  I — 5  parted,  i^iu 
pcrior.  Petals  4^ — 3.  Cap^ 
side  4 — 5  celled,  oblong, 
opening  at  the  angles, 
crowned  wi\h  the  calyx. 
Seeds  nuincrous.  minute. 


Creepnig ;  stem  erect 
and  asce ndhig  ;  leaves 
lanceolate,  enlire,  with 
the  peduncles  and  calyX 
villous  ;  llowers  decan- 
drous. 


cens,  calycc  corOjUata. 
Semina  numerosa,  niinu- 
ta. 

1.  Grand iFLOiiA.     Mich. 

J.  repens  ;  caule  erec- 
to  ascendentique  ;  ibliis 
lanceolatis,  integerrimis, 
pedunculis  calycibiisque 
villosis  ;  florihus  decan- 
dris.     Mich.  1.  p.  267. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  504. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  2 — 3  feet  high,  a  little  branched,  swollen  at 
intervals,  when  youn^;  very  villous.  Lfcives  sessile,  acute,  very  vil- 
lous on  the  under  surface,  the  base  of  the  old  elongated.  Flowers 
solitary,  axillary,  on  peduncles  1 — 2  inches  long,  which  before  and 
after  flowering  are  cernuous.  Calt/x  5  parted,  segments  very  acute. 
Corollu  5  petalled  ;  petals  obovate,  yellow,  about  an  inch  long.  4Bi7a- 
mens  10,  unequal,  much  shorter  than  the  corolla.  Filavients  inserted 
into  the  summit  of  the  ger;n,  with  glands  interposed  between  them. 
Germ  inferior,  5  angled.  Style  clavate.  Stigma  capitate,  depressed 
in  the  centre. 

Like  many  creeping  plants,  this  species  of  Jussieua  appears  to 
ripen  its  seeds  rarely.  I  have  never  been  able  to  iiud  a  mature  cap- 
sule. 

Grows  in  bogs  and  ditches.  Common  around  Savannah.  In  ponds 
4  miles  from  Charleston. 


Flowers  J\lay- 


-August. 


KALMIA.     Gen.  pl.  743. 


Calyx  S-partitus.  Co- 
rolla  liypocrateriformis, 
limbo  subtus  5-corni,  in 
quorum  foveis    antherse 


Calyx  5  parted.  Corol- 
la hypocrateritbrm,  with 
the  l3order  underneath  5- 
horncdj  in  the  hollow  of 


DECAKDRIA    MeNOOYWiA* 


mis 


incumbunt.     Capsuiu   5-  \  which  tlic  anthers  res^ 
iocuhnis.  j  Capsule  5  celled. 

1.    LxTlFOLlA. 


K.  tbiiis  loni!;c  ]ictiol;i- 
tis.  sparsis.  (criiisqiic,  o- 
valihiis,  coriiiccis,  utriFi 
quo  h''viu:atis ;  corymlns 
tei ininahlms,  visiido-pu- 
bi'sctiilibiis.  Mich.  i.  p. 
258. 

Sp.  pi   2.  p.  noo.     Walt.  p.  138 


I.eaves  on  lono^  foot- 
stalks, scattered  and  hy 
threes,  oval,  coriaceous, 
sn'ootli 


on  each  side  ; 
corvnil)s  terminal,  viscid 
and  pubescent. 

Pursh.  1   p.  296. 

A  slinib  4 — 12  It'ot  liiy;h.  witli  brandies  very  crooked  arul  iiTC2ll!ar,. 
Leaves  perennial,  ;.'li)ssy.  entire,  tifarlv  (»t"  the  same  colour  on  each 
•siirtare.  Fl(fner!>  in  lau;e  ttriiiinal  cor\n»bs.  Corolla  »<uu)(-\vliat 
cup  shaped,  with  10  aniiles  oi  pi ominences  (5  of  which  are  larger 
than  tljf  i»'st)  on  tlie  under  side,  of  a  heaufilul  rose  c(»lour,  marbled 
and  \ar*rei:ated  witli  deeper  aii<i  lij;hter  tints  ><tann:n»  much  shorter 
than  the  corolla.     Girm  superior 

This  is  probably  the  most  ornamental  sbrub  in  the  forests  of  North* 
America,  its  toljage  is  handsome  an<l  perennial,  and  its  flowers, 
vhirh  a -e  produced  in  great  profusion,  are  no  Icsh  elejant  in  their 
form  than  beautiful  in  their  colour.  They  possess  however  no  fra- 
grance, and  the  leave*  are  said  to  be  deleterious  to  animals. 

Grows  (»n  the  sides  ol  hills  and  alon^  the  rocky  margins  of  rivulets. 
Common  in  the  upper  country,  not  found  in  the  lower,  although  it 
descends  aloni^  the  mar^^ins  of  the  lar:;e  rivers  to  witldn  30  or  4t> 
tniles  of  the  ocean.     Sisters  Ferry,  on  Savannah  river. 

Flowers  April.  Ivy  bush — Calico  bufh  orjlower. 

The  leaves  are  generally  supposed  to  be  poisonous.  According  tfl 
Barton  they  are  often  used  in  Pennsylvania  as  a  remedy  for  itch 
and  otlier  cutaneous  diseases.  A  doct)ction  of  the  leaves  is  used 
as  a  wash,  or  the  powdered  leaves  maj  be  mixed  with  hog's  lard  an4 
a|)plied  as  an  ointment. 


2.    ANGUSTirOLIA. 

K.  foliis  ternis,  prtio-  [  Leaves  by  threes,  pe- 
latis,  oblonj2;is,  obtusi^,  |  tioiate,  objoiii];,  obtuse^ 
subtussabfcrru?;ineis;  CO-  I  sh^hlly  ferniiijinous  uii- 
ryinbis  laleralibus;  brae.  1  derneaih  ;  corymbs  lata- 
tcis  linearibus;  peduncu-  j  ral ;  l)racteas  linear;  pe- 
jis   calvcibusque  glandu-  |  duncles  and   calyx  cov.- 

»3 


4S2 


DECANDRIA   MONOGYNTA. 


loso.pubescentlbus. ered  with  a  glandular  pu- 

Pursh,  1.  p.  :^96.  bescence. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  GOl.     Mich.  1   p.  257. 

A  shrub,  ge  erally  about  2  feet  high,  with  creeping  roots.  Leaves 
entire,  elliptical,  sometimes  glaucous.  Flowers  in  small  lateral  co- 
rymbs. Corolla  smaller  than  that  of  the  preceding  species,  of  a  deep 
rose  colour. 

This  is  also  a  very  ornamental  plant,  and  merits  a  place  in  every 
gar !en. 

Flowers  April — May. 


3.    CUNEATA. 

K.  foliis  sparsis,  sessi- 
libus,  cuneato-ohlongis, 
subtus  pubescentibiis,  a- 
pice  niinutim  anstatis  ; 
corymbis  lateralibus.pau- 
cifloris.    Mich.  i.  p.  257. 


Leaves  scattered,  sessile, 
wedge  shaped, ol)long,  pu- 
bescent underneath,  at  the 
summit  slightly  awned  ; 
cory  nibs  lateral,  lew  flow- 
ered. 


Pursh,  1.  p.  296. 

Nearly  resembling  the  K.  angustifolia,  but  very  distinct.  Flowers 
white,  red  near  the  bottom.     Mich. 

Grows  on  the  head  branches  ot  Black  river,  Georgetown  district, 
South-Carolina? 

Flowers 


4.  HiBSUTA.     Walt. 

K.  ramis,  loliis,  calyci- 
busque  hirsutis  ;  foliis  op 
posius  alternisque,  sub 
sessilibnsjanceolatis;  pe- 
dunculis  axillaribus,  soh- 
tariis,  unifloris,  loliis  lon- 
gioribus.  iViich.  i.  p.  257. 

Walt.  p.  138.     Pursh,  1.  p.  295. 

A  small  shrub,  10 — 18  inches  high,  branching,  very  hairy.  Leaves 
small,  lanceolate,  acu?p,  siiining  but  hairy  t  towers  solitarv,  on  pe- 
duncles nearly  an  inch  long.  Corolla  nearly  the  size  of  that  of  the 
K.  angustifolia,  lose  coloured. 

This  little  shrub  grows  in  great  abundance  in  wet,  sandy  pine  bar- 
rens. The  flowers  are  handsome,  but  as  they  are  solitary,  the  plant 
is  not -SO  ornam-ntal  as  its  congeners. 

^'lowers  May— SepterBber.  ticke^ 


Branches,  leaves  and 
calyx  hairy ;  leaves  op- 
posite and  alternate,  near- 
ly sessile,  lanceolate  ;  pe- 
duncles axiliary,  solitary, 
1  flowered,  longer  than 
the  leaves. 


DE(:\NDUIA    MONOGYNIA. 


488 


A'.  an;^usl ifnlia  ami  liirsutn  — Tlio  leave*  <»f  tliesc  specie*  are  often 
u-iptl  In  m'.:ri»i'8  anil  llu'  poorer  white  people  of  tfiitt  s>latc  as  a  cure 
for  itch  ami  tlie  maii'^«'  of  «lo;;s.  A  strong  ducoctiori  is  pr«'pare<l  and 
ap;>li(-(l  warm  to  tfiu  eniptiooi;  the  ovjst  severe  smarting  follows  tlie 
application,  but  it  is  so  elficient  th.it  its  repetition  is  seldom  necessa- 
ry. It  niay  l»c  ol»serve«l  that  tiie  leaves  id"  the  Andromeda  nitida  are 
supposed  to  bcc([ually  elFicaciuud  and  stimulating. 


LEIOPIIYLLUM.     Pcrs.  Syn.  pi.  477. 

Cdlff.v  proliindc  5 -par-  |  Caljf.v  deeply  5  partcfl. 
titus.  l\'lul(i  5.  Stdini-  \  Petals'^.  ^^///z^;/s  exser- 
7?rt  exserta.  ("(jpsnla  j  lo-  |  ted.  Ctip^ulc  5  celled, 
cularis,  apicc  dchiscens.    |  opening  at  the  summit. 

Ledum  buxifoliiim,  Sp,  pi.  2.  p.  002.      Mich.  1.  p.  260. 
Ammyrsine  busitolia,    Pursli,  1.  p.  301. 

A  small  shrub  G — 18  inches  hi:;h,  branchine:.  glabrous.  Leaves 
small,  oval  lanceolate,  entire,  yjlabrous,  lucid,  with  the  marsjins  revo» 
lute.  fYoztvrs  in  small  terminal  cor)  mbs.  CV(/y.f  persistent.  Corol- 
la,  white. 

Tl.is  plant  has  until  lately  been  attached  to  the  irenu»  Ledum  :  it 
dilVers  however  in  its  calvK,  corolla  and  capsule.  I  liave  preferreil  tlie 
lume  oriyiinallv  proposcti  for  it  by  Pcr-oon  to  the  one  employed  by 
Pursh  :  as  we  have  in  botany  an  Arnnii  and  a   ^lyrsine  ab>'ady. 

Gro\\s  on  the  mountains  iu  (ircenvjlic  duti'ict,  Soutii-Carulina.  Mi\ 
Moulins. 

Flowers  May — June. 


KIIODODKXDUOX.     Gcm.  pl.  740. 


Calyx  i5-j)artitiis.  Vn. 
rofla  su!)-iiitiiiKlil)idiror- 
niis.  innequalis.  Stdin'nin 
deeliiiata.  Capsida  .5.I0- 
cularis 

1.  Maximum. 

R.  arl)orescens  ;  foli'H 
oblonj^is,  acnti"?.  siihtus 
disc()l<>iil)iis;innl)eHister- 
minulibub  5  udycis  laciniis 


Cah/v  5 -parted.  Co. 
rolla  somewfiat  funnel 
sliaperl,  unequal.  Stu^ 
7fif'/is  declined.  Capsule 
.5  celled. 

Arl)orcscent ;  leaves 
ol)l<»Fiir,  acute,  with  the 
under  surface  of  a  'lilfr- 
cnt  colour ;  umbels  ter- 


484  BECANDPTA  MONOGYNTA. 

ovalilms,  obtusis ;  coi ol-  |  minal  ;  segments  of  thtj- 
lis  cajiipanulatis.  Pursh,  j  calyx  oval,  obtuse;  corol^ 
1.  p.  ^97.  I  la  canipanulate. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  606.     Mich.  1.  p.  259. 

A  shrub  of  the  largest  size,  from  4-  20  feet  high  Leaves  large^ 
■fliirk,  rori3,€o«s,  perennial,  entire,  wliitisii  or  ferruginous  on  the  uii-> 
der  surf.'ce.  Flowers  in  a  compact,  c(»ne-like  raceme,  covered  uhea 
young  with  large,  ovate,  acuminate,  ferruginous  bracteas.  Condltt 
large,  of  an  irregular  funn«l  shape.  ^itamen»  declini»ig  to  one  sid^^ 
longer  than  the  corolla.  Gfrm  superior.  ■%yle  as  long  as  the  sta* 
mens. 

Pursh  describes  three  varieties  of  this  beautiful  shrub. 
Var.  a.  roseam  ;  with  the  corroUa  of  S  pale  rose  colour;  the  segments 
nearly  round  ;  leaves  obtuse  at  base. 
A.  albuvi ;  with  the  corolla  smaller,  white;  segments  oblong j 

leaves  acute  at  base. 
c.  putpureum  ;  with  the  f  orolla  purple ;  segments  oblong ;  leave» 
obtuse  at  base,  green  on  each  surface.     'I'his  last  variety 
grows  to  a  large  size,  sometimes  is  found  with  a  stem   19 
inches  in  diameter. 
This  l)eautiful  shrub  grows  in  great  profusion  oh  the  margins  of 
"iiouiitain  streams  and  lakes.     It  not  only  is  not  found  in  the  low 
country,  but  has  never  been  reared  to  my  knowledge  in  gaidens      It- 
appears  to  require  cool  and  perennial  streams  for  its  nourishment  an4 
support. 

Flowers  June — July.  Mountain  laurel. 

Its  leaves  are  destructive  to  animals  when  forced  by  the  severi^' 
of  the  winter  to  browse  on  them. 

g.    PlJNCTATUM. 

R.  foliis  ovali-lanceo-  |  Leaves  oval  lanceolate^ 
latis,  glabris,  subtus  resi-  |  glabrous,  with  resinous 
noso-punctatis  ;  umbellis  |  dots  underneath  ;  umbels 
terniinalibus  ;  coiollisin-  |  terminal;  corolla  funnel 
fundibuliformibus ;  capsu-  |  shaped  -,  capsules  long. 
lis  elongatis.  | 

Sp.  pi.  2  p.  607.     Pursh,  1.  p.  298. 
Rhododendron  minus,  Mich.  1.  p.  258. 

A  shrub  4--6  feet  high,  with  straggling  branche  .  Leaves  oblongj 
SDmetimes  acuminate,  ferruginous  underneath  Flowers  in  compiic^t, 
terminal  racemes.  Fedicels  short.  Teeth  of  the  calyx  very  short. 
Corolla  pale  red ;  se^nietits  oval  or  ovate,  a  little  undulate,  smaller 
than  those  of  the  preceding  species. 

Grows  abundantly  on  the  Ijcad  waters  of  the  long  rivers  of  Caroling 
land  Georgia,  pa/ticularly  oa  the  'fugolqo  briUlCheg  of  the  feavawia^ 

Flo  were  June.— J  a  ly. 


DECANDUTA    MONOGYNlAi 


485 


8.   CVTAUIIIKSSE.        iMirll. 

R.  I'oliis  hri'vi.ovalihiis.  |  T.cavc"^    sliort.    oval, 

^trin  |U«'  rotiiiidatDohtii-  |  rDund  ami  obtuse  at  cacli 
sis:uinl)rHi.stcniiipaIil)us  1  cri'l  ;  uinhels  terminal; 
calycis  Idciniis  anijiisto-  |  s<'«»;inenls  of  tlie  calvx 
ol)loii!2;is;coiollis(  ampan-  |  naiiow  ohjong  ;  corolla 
ulatis.     Midi.  i.  p.  :IjH.    |  caiiipaiuilatc. 

Pursli,  1.  p.  298. 

A  sliriib  r> — 4  feet  l>i{»h.  Leaves  glabrous,  of  ;i  paler  colour  on  the 
finder  surfaco.     Flowers  briu;lit  icd. 

(Jrows  on  ilie  summits  of  tlie  liiijhest  moiinfiiins — not  along  th© 
Streams,  whore  the  other  species  delight  to  dwell. 

Flowers 

In  the  specific  characters  I  have  regained  the  term  umbel,  the  flon* 
its  howeter  arc  certainly  in  compact,  coiie-likc  racemes. 


ANDROMEDA. 

Calf/x  5-partiliis.     Co- 
rnlhi  o\ata.  oic  quinque. 
fido.     Capsnia  Mipera,  5-. 
loeulaiis,    valvulis  disse- 
piinento  coiitrariis. 

*  fohis  srwpemreiitihus. 
1.  Calyculata 
A.  foliis  ovalihus,  sqiia- 


GhN.  PL.  747. 

Ciihfx  5  j)arted.  CovoU 
la  oxate,  N\ith  the  inoudi 
5  cleft.  Viipsule  superi- 
or, 5  cellefl.  with  the  dis- 
sepiment in  the  middle 
of  the  valves. 

*  Leaves  pei'emiial. 

Leaves  oval,  with  sca- 
nioso-punctatis,  ol)S()lete  |  ly  dots,  ohsoletely  serru- 
serrulatis  ;  biacteis  binis,  |  late  ;  hracteas  two, ovjite; 
o\atis  ;  racemis  ternti-  |  racemes  terminal,  leafy, 
nalihus,  foliosis,  seeun-  secund  ;  peduncles  soli- 
di^  ;  pedunculis  solitariis,  |  tary,  axillary. 
axlllaril)us.  | 

Sp.  pi.  2   p.  614.     Mich.  1.  p.  154.     Fursh,  1.  p.  291. 

A  shrub  1 — 5  feet  hii;h.  leaves  coriaceous,  obtu»e,  raucronatCf 
ferruginous  undrrneath  sometimes  cuueate  at  base  Prdunclet  a» 
bout  i!  lines  long;.  Segments  of  the  calyx  acute.  Dracteas  2,  uvatCf 
acuminate  at  the  base  of  the  calvx.  Corolla  cylindrical,  wiiitt.  6'{(9 
mens  incluJed.     »inthers  unawmiJ. 

(•rows  on  the  Saluda  mountains.     Dr.  Macbride. 

Flowers  April— Maj—occasiouAllj  through  tkc  samraei^f 


486 


DECAISDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


g.  Angus  riFOT-i\.     Piirsh. 


Leaves  linear  lanceo- 
late, acute,  with  scaly 
dots  ;  bracteas  3,  minute, 
acute;  racemes  tcrnunal, 
leafy,  secund  ;  pedmicles 
solitaiy,  axillary. 


A.  foliis  lineari-lanceo- 
latis,  acutis,  squamoso- 
punctatis  ;  bracteis  binis, 
minutis,  acutis  ;  racemis 
terminalibus,  foliosis,  se- 
cundis  ;  pedunculis  soli- 
tariis,  axillaribus.  Pursli, 
1.  p.  2^dt. 

Andromeda  calyculata,  v<ir.  c.  angustifolia,  Sp.pl.  2.  p.  614. 

Leaves  slii>,htly  fei  rugiiinua  underneath,  with  tlie  margins  revolufe. 
Segments  oiihecatyx  acuminate.     Corolla  oblong,  oval.     Pursh. 

Tills  plant  has  been  formed  by  Pursh  from  one  of  the  varieties  of 
the  A.  calyculata,  it  appears  however  scarcely  to  have  character 
enough  for  a  distinct  species. 

Grows  in  open  swamps.    Carolina  and  Georgia.     Pursh. 

Flowers  April— May. 


Very  glabrous;  branches 
flexuous,  3  aiigled ;  It-avcs 
ovul,  acuminate,  entire,  3 
nerved  ;  peduncles  rkis- 
tered,  i  flowered,  axilla- 
ry ;  coralia  cylindrical ; 
anthers  at  base  ^  horned. 


3.  NiTiDA.     Walt. 

A.  g;!a!)erri!Tia,  ramis 
flexuosis,  triquetris  ;  fb- 
liis  ovalibus,  acuminatis, 
integerrimis,  tiinervibus ; 
pedunculis  flisciculatis,  u- 
nifloris,  axillaribus  ;  co- 
roUis  c>  lindricis  :  anthe- 
ris  basi  bicorniculatis.    E. 

Walt.  p.  137.     y\d\.  1.  p.  252.     Pursh,  1.  p.  292. 
A.  coriacea,  Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  613. 

A  shrub  3 — 6  feet  high.  Root  creeping.  Stem  angled,  branching; 
braHches  virgate,  3  ani^led.  Leaves  on  very  short  petioles,  coriaceous, 
the  margins  revolute,  bonlered  by  the  nerves  and  dotted  underneath. 
Flowers^ — 10  in  each  axil,  cernuous.  Calyx  purple;  segments  a- 
cute.     Corolla  much  longer  tlian  the  calyx,  white,  tinged  with  pink. 

The  flowers  of  this  plant  have  a  very  strong  and  almost  disagreea- 
ble smell  of  honey.  From  tlie  number  of  flowers  of  each  axil  tiie  vig- 
orous branches  exhibit  the  appearance  of  compact  racemes. 

Grows  in  springy,  sandy  swamps  and  galls  ;  considered  as  indi- 
cating what  is  generally  called  sour  land,  but  is  also  found  in  the 
richest  swamps. 

l^lowers  March— April.  Mal^  whortleberry — Jirhored — ISouv 

WQod-^Sorrd  tree. 


DRCANDRIA    MONOCYNIA. 


187 


The  leaves  nre  a::toeably  aci<l.  In  aufumn,  two  weeks  previousir  to 
«lropniii^.  tlii'v  b«*c»)ine  l)ri^lit  KcarK'',  and  form  a  conspicuous  object 
in  iiif'iiinal  forest  sccnerv  Tiie  uprirht  yoinajer  branches  are  very 
striij:  t.  and  when  deprived  of  tlieir  pith  niaku  good  pipe  stenid.  Th« 
bark,  with  copperas,  forms  a  purple  dvu. 


1.   HiKiMnoin  \i.is. 

A.  rainis  lloriloris   tri- 

qiK'lris  ;  Ibliis  rhomhoi  I- 

alil)us   lanccolatisqii(\  m- 

tegcnimis,    carlilagirieis, 

glabris,   glanilula    ternii- 

natis  :  pcduiiculis  au;ii;i  c- 

galis,  axillaiibiis.     Tcrs. 

1 .  p.  48  1 . 

Grows  in  Carolina  and  Florida. 
Flowers 


Flower  hcarinj";  branches 
3  ari'Jik'd  ;  leaves  rhom- 
f)()i(lal  and  lanceolate,  en- 
tire, carlilai^-inoiis,  gla- 
l)r()iis,  tcrnjinated  by  a 
gland  ;  peduncles  clus- 
tered, axillarv. 


5.    AXITXARIS. 

A.  foliis  ovali-lancco- 
\\<.  acuminatis,  coriaceis, 
lucidis.s|)innlosn-serratis ; 
laceniis  a\illaril)ii^,  con- 
fcriifloiis ;  coroHis  oblon- 
go-ovalis  ;  antheris  sum- 
mitate  bicorniculalis.     K. 


Leaves  oval  lanceolate, 
acinnirrate,  coriaceous,  lu- 
cid, with  .spin\  serratures ; 
racemes  axillary,  closely 
Howered  ;  corolla  oblong 
ovate  ;  anthers  at  the  sum- 
mit 3  horned. 


Sp.pl.  -Z.  p   G13.     Mich.  l.p.  233. 
A.  C'ate-bivi,  Walt.  p. 
A.  spinulosa,  I'ursh,  l.p.  298. 
A.  axillaris  .-'  Pursh,  I.  p.  i07. 

A  shrub  -2 — \  feet  hij;h.  Jloot  creepin;^.  filem  flexuous,  terete, 
sparinirlv  branched  ;  the  Ijranche**  vitiate,  when  youirj;  pubescent. 
J^ftvps  ilecp  jjreen  on  the  upper  surface,  paler  undeiiieatli  aii<l  sprink- 
led with  hair.>»,^he  serratures  acute  and  ri;;id.  Itctremes  2 — 3  inches 
lonj;.  sometimes  paniculate,  nracteas  1  small,  pubescent,  ;^rcenisli 
leaf  at  the  b.i->e  <if  each  peduncle  ;  2  "glabrous,  white,  at  the  base  of  the 
calvx:  all  ovate  acute.  Cafy.i'  very  »uinll,  wliite.  Corolla  white*. 
Htampns  srarcelv  one  third  the  length  of  the  corolla.  iSti/le.  longer 
than  the  stamens. 

'I'he  pl3?tt  I  have  described  (the  A.  spinulosa  of  Pursh),  is  exten- 
srrclv  diflused  over  ti.e  low  coutiti  j  of  Carolina  and  Georjjia,  though 
by  no  means  s«  ceinmon  as  tlie  preceding  species.    The  niouatam 


488 


DECANDRTA    MONOGYN£A, 


variety  (the  A.  axillaris  of  Pursh)  has  never  appeared  to  me  to  be  Siiffi»:< 
cientlv  distinct  to  form  another  species.  It  is  distiiiguifched  principal- 
ly, if  not  altogether,  by  more  compact  racemes  and  narrower  leaves, 
"*  Grows  on  the  mari^ins  of  swamps. 
Flowers  February — April — sometimes  in  November. 


6    Acuminata. 

A.  glaheirima ;  foliis  o- 
Tato-ianceolatis,  superne 
angustatis  acuniiiiatis- 
que,  subintegerriniis,  co- 
riaceis,  reticulatis ;  race- 
mis  axillaribus  ;  corollis 
cylindraceis  ;  tintheris 
muticis,  postice  glbbis. 


Very  glabrous  ;  leaveg: 
ovate  lanceolate,  tapering 
towards  ttic  suniniii  and 
acuminate,  nearly  entire, 
coriaceous,  reticulate  ; 
racen^es  axillary  ;  corol- 
la cylindrical  ;  anthers 
unawned,  gibbous  near^ 
the  base, 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  613.     Pursh,  1.  p.  293. 
A.  reticulata,  Walt,  p 

—  laurina,  Mich.  1.  p.  253. 

—  formosissima,  Bartram. 

A  handsome  slirub,  3 — 10  or  12  feet  high.  Stem  erect,  branches 
very  straight  and  hollow.  Leaves  sometimes  slightly  serrate.  /^«- 
cemes  short,  sometimes  compound.     Flowers  white,  nodding. 

Grows  along  the  margins  of  swamps.  Rare  in  the  low  country  of 
Caiolina.  Near  Black  Swamp,  on  tiie  road  from  Coosawhatchie  to 
the  Sisters  Ferry  is  the  only  place  at  which  I  have  seen  it  near  the 
sea  coast.     More  common  in  Florida. 

Flowers  April  ? 


7.  Floribunda.     Pursh. 

A  glaberrima  ;  foliis 
oblongo-ovatis,  acutis,  te- 
nuissinie  serrulatis,  cori- 
aceis  ;  racemis  secundis, 
axillaribus  paniculato-ler- 
minalibusque  Pursh,  i. 
p.  293. 
*  Leaves  sometimes  slightly  ciliate 


Very  glabrous  ;  leaves 
oblong  ovate,  acute,  slight- 
ly serrulate,  coriaceous; 
racemes  secund,  axillary 
and  forming  terminal 
panicles. 


Flowers  white,  with  2  bracteas 


at  the  base  of  the  calyx. 

This  species,  which  I  have  not  seen,  appears  to  be  very  closely  al- 
lied to  thf  preceding. 

Collected  amon^  the  mountains  of  Georgia,  by  Mr.  Lyont 

Flowers  May— June. 


DECAKDUIA    MONOGYNIA. 


48Q 


8.  Ferruginea. 

A.  fi*utic(»8a  ;  loliis  co- 
1  iacois,  (listar)til)ns,  loii^o- 
pi'tioliilis.  ol)()valis,  pic 
:  iifiiqiu*  obtusis, iriti'^cni- 
Jiiis,  sul)tus  squumoso  la 
riiiosis,     rcticulato-  vciio- 


Shrul)bv  ;  leaves  cori. 
acconfs,  distant,  on  l(>nf§ 
petioles,  obovatc,  gene- 
rally ol)tuse,  entire,  with 
(lusl-!ikc  scales,  and  vei. 
\\y  undeint^ath  ;  |)edieels 


sis;  pedicel  lis  ai:;i!;regati:s,  |  a^,i2;rtgatc,  one  llowerrd, 


axillary ;  corolla  globose ; 
nntbers  unawned. 


iinilloris,  axillaribus ;  co- 
rollis  2;loI)osis  ;  anlberi^ 
inuticis.    Pinsb,  i.  p.  2[i^, 

Sp.  |.l.  2.  p.  C()9.  ^^  alt.  |).  \r,S.   Mich.  1.  p.  252.  var.  b  fiuticosa. 
A  slirub  3-5  feet  hiu;h  ;  branches  somewhat  llexuous,  very  entire, 


jicnerallv  ttat,  with  the  margins  revniute       Pfdicpla  simplr.     Flowers 
small,  u;fob()se,  wl    * 
vten$  included. 


ihitc  on  the  inside,  terrtiginous  on  the  outside,     tita* 


Grows  in  sandy  pine  barrens. 
Flowers  June.     Mich. 

9.    RrciiDA.     Pursh. 

A.  arboresccns  ;  foliis 
cont'ertis,  brevi-petiolatis, 
cuneato-lanccolaiis,  acu- 
tis,  sut)tus  squani')so-to- 
nientosis,  sul)avenii!s ;  pe- 
diccllis  a2;j;regatls,  axilla- 
ribus, unilloris  ;  corollis 
subglobosis ;  antliei  is  niu- 
Ikis.     rursli,  1.  p.  ::\)z. 

cd. 

Andromeila  fcrruginca,  vav.  a.  Mich.  1.  p.  252. 

A  small  trcf  15 — "20  t'-et  lii^h  ;  branches  rigid.  Leaves  ris;Id,  en» 
tire,  convex,  with  the  marijins  revolute.  Pedicels  simple,  very  nurae* 
r»us.     Flouers  small,  globose,  ferruginous,     i"fnmf«5  included. 

The>c  two  species  arc  nearlv  allied  In  bnth,  the  }<»uiig  sliHots  are 
ot"  a  bright  ferrui^inous  colour,  thuu^^h  on«>  with  age  bccoHien  ;;rev  un- 
derneath. Thetlillerent  periods  of  lloweiing,  as  they  were  detei  mined 
}>y  Michaux  frduj  cultivation,  mark  a  ilillVrcnt c  of  habit ;  jet  in  Hie 
woods  this  difffrence  is  not  obvious,  but  there  appears  to  be  a  coii* 
:stant  succession  of  flowers  from  Aprd  to  June. 

Grows  in  sandy  pine  barrens.  In  the  southern  parts  ofGeur|{i« 
.ind  Florida  tne  largest  specimens  are  to  be  found. 

Flowers  June.     Mich. 


Arborescent  ;  leaves 
crowded,  on  short  peti- 
oles, lanceolate,  acute  at 
eacU  end,  scaly  and 
toinentose  underneath, 
without  veins  ;  pedicels 
ajigregate,  axillary,  one 
llvjwered  ;  corolla  nearly 
globose  ;  an  hers  unawn* 


400^ 


©ECANDRIA    MONOGYNIA- 


**  Foliis  deciduis. 

40-    LlGUSTRlNA. 

A.  pubescens  ;  foliis 
obovato-lanceolatis,  acu- 
Biinatis,  tenuissime  ser- 
i-ulatis  ;  raniis  floriferis 
ten hinalibus,  paniculatis, 
nudiusculis :  corollis  sub- 


globosis 
cis. 


antheris  muti- 


**  Leaves  deciduous. 

Pubescent  ;  leaves 
obovate  lanceolate,  acu- 
minate, very  finely  ser- 
rulate ;  flower  bearing 
bnnches  terminal,  pani- 
culate, naked  ;  corolla 
nearly  e;lobose ;  anthei^- 
unawned. 

Mich.  1.  p.  254.  var. 


Andromeda  paniculata,   Pursh,  1.  p.  295. 
a.  nudiflora. 
Vaccinium  ligustrinum,  Linn. 

A  shrub,  varying  in  height  from  S— 15  feet;  branches  straggling 
and  irreo^ular.  Leaves  nearly  sessile,  so  finely  serrulate  as  sometimes 
to  appear  entire  Panicle^  terminal,  with  1  or  2  small  leaves  occa- 
sionally near  the  base  of  the  branches.  Peduncles  clustered  at  each 
hud  (3— 6),  short,  naked,  1  flowered.    Corolla  small,  white,  pubescent. 

To  the  accurate  and  extensive  researches  of  Dr.  Muhlenberg,  Ameri-^ 
can  botanists  are  indebted  for  the  real  history  of  this  plant,  it  ap- 
pears to  have  been  the  original  Vaccinium  ligustrinum  of  Linnfeus  j 
it  certainly  agrees  with  the  Linna^an  description  of  that  plant  as  far 
as  it  extends.  Modern  botanists  have  viewed  it  as  the  Andromeda 
paniculata  of  Linnueus,  but  whoever  attends  to  the  description  of  tliat 
plant,  in  the  early  editions  of  the  Species  Plantarum,  will  readily  per- 
ceive that  its  great  author  must  have  had  a  very  different  one  in  view. 

The  A.  racemosa,  Walt.  p.  138,  probably  belongs  to  this  species. 

Grows  in  swamps,  galls,  and  generally  in  damp  soils. 

Flowers  May — June. 


11.  FiioNDOSA.     Muhl.  Cat. 


A.  pubescens  ;  foliis  o- 
bovato-lanceolatis,  acutis, 
serrulatis,toinentosis;  ra- 
mis  floriferis  paniculatis, 
foliosis ;  corollis  globosis ; 
antheris  aristatis.    Pursh, 


Pubescent;  leaves  obo- 
vate lanceolate,  acute,  ser- 
rulate, tomentose ;  flower 
bearing  branches  panicu- 
late, leafy ;  corolla  glo- 
bose ;  anthers  awned. 


1.  p.  S9.3. 

Andromeda  paniculata,  var.  b.  foliosiflora,  Mich.  1.  p.  254. 

'  A  shrub,  S — 5  feet  high.     Leaves  nearly  sessile,  generally  acute>* 
iometimes  acuminate^  tomentose  on  both  surfaces,   /lowers  fie^iient-' 


BBCAKDRIA    MONOeVNlA. 


491 


Ij  In  0)mpact,  ryliiulriial  panicles  \l — 18  inches  long.  Pedicein 
thoit,sinij)lc,a^:iroeat  mI  ('2 — j  ateacli  bud.)     Comlla  whitish,  hairv. 

CirouH  in  damp,  cold  soils.     Conimuii  in  Chatham  cuuntj,  Georgia. 

Flowers  Mav  —  June. 

Th()ii;;h  placed  in  this  division,  thf  tw(»  prerediiij;  species  jjenerah» 
Tv,  in  the  southern  states,  retain  their  foliaee  throuj^h  the  winter, 
I*or  the  description  of  tlicir  anthers  I  have  relied  on  Purab. 


Racemes  secuiid.  naked, 
panicled  ;  corolla  nearly 
cylindrical  ;  leaves  alter- 
nate, ohlong,  crenulate  j 
anthers  awncd. 


iptu 
12.     PANirULATA. 

A.  racemis  sccundis, 
ntidis,  piinicidatis;  corol- 
lis  siibcylindiiris  ;  tbiiis 
alteniis,  ol)londs.  crenu- 
latis :  anilieris  aristati;?. 
Sp  pi.  ed.  p.  964. 

This  is  the  description  of  the  original  A.  paniculata  of  Linnx-usj 
which  I  have  inserted,  althou>;h  considered  as  a  V'ir;;inian  plant,  for 
the  purpose  of  pointing;  out  the  obscurity  that  still  hangs  over  thig 
genus.  Willdenow.  in  his  celebraterl  eilitiun  of  tins  work,  has  cer- 
tainly, on  tlie  authority  of  the  Hort.  K.ewensis,  substituted  some  oth.cr 
fdant,  I  should  suppose  the  modern  A,  paniculata,  if  the  leaves  of  the 
atter  were  ever  ovate.  Yet  the  fi;^ure  of  Plukenet  and  the  Herbariuiu 
Linnciit;  ou^ht,  where  they  arc  accessible,  to  remove  ail  doubt. 
Grows  in  Virgrinia. 


13.   Arbouea. 

A.  foliis  oblon^o-ovali- 

bus,    acundnatis,    arcjiitc 

serrulatis,   glabris ;  pani- 

culis  terniinalibus,   i)oly- 

stachyis  ;  corollis  ovato- 

oblon^is,  pubescenlibus  ; 

antheris  mulicis.     Mich. 

1.  p.  255. 

Sn.  pi.  2.  p.  G12.    Walt.  p.  138. 
Mich,  arbres  forestieres. 

A  tree,  which  in  tlic  vallies  of  the  mountains  attains  a  height  of  5Q 
or  60  feet,  but  rarely  exceeds  13  or  20  feet  in  the  niiddlo  countrj. 
Leaves  lonj;,  sharply  acuminate,  shininu;,  on  petioles  nearly  an  inch 
loni;.  Floicers  in  larj^c,  terminal  panicles,  coniposed  of  many  simple 
becund,  naked  racemes      Corolla  white.     Anthers  linear. 

Grows  along  the  margins  of  strea'us  and  in  swamps.  Fonrdas  loy 
down  as  St.  Johns,  Santcc,  \\ithia  10  milor)  of  die  ecc^n- 

FioTfcrs  June— July. 


Leaves  oblont^  oval, 
acuminate,  sharply  ser- 
rate, g;labrous  ;  panicles 
terminal,  many  sj)iked  ; 
corolla  ovate  oblong,  pu- 
bescent ;  anthers  uiiawn? 
ed. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  29J. 


498       decandria  monogynia. 

14.  Racemosa. 

A.  foliis  lanceolatis,  a  |  Leaves  lanceolate,  a- 
cutis,  seiTulatis,  supra  gla.  |  cute,  serrulate,  glabrous 
bris,  subtus  pubescenti-  |  on  the  upper,  pubescent 
bus  ;  raceniis  terminali-  |  on  the  under  surface  ;  ra- 
bus,  secunciis,  siinplicibus  |  cenies  terminal,  secund, 
raniosisve  ;  corollis  ob-  j  simple  or  branched  ;  co- 
longo-ovatis  ;  antheris  |  rolla  oblong  ovate ;  an- 
quadriaristatis  j  tliers  4  awned. 

Mich.  1    p.  255.     Push,  1.  p.  294. 
A.  paniculata,  Walt.  p.  138. 
A.  Catesbcti,  Sp.  pi.  2.  p. 

A  shrub  3—  5  feet  high  ;  branches  straggHng*,  not  numerous.  Leaves 
Sometimes  slijihtly  acuminate,  membranaceous.  Hacevies  2 — 6  inches 
lon>r,  frequently  divided  near  the  base.  Flotvers  not  strictly  secund, 
but  all  turn  towards  the  earth.  Bracteas,  one  linear  lanceolate  at  the 
base  of  each  peduncle,  tw©  cordate,  ovate,  acuminate,  ciliate,  persis- 
tent, at  the  base  of  the  calyx.  Calyx  purple,  ciliate  ;  the  segments 
acute.  CuroUa  white,  furrowed.  /Stamena  half  the  length  of  the  co- 
rolla, 2  lobed,  each  iobe  at  the  summit  2  awned,  opening  through  the 
terminal  pores. 

The  above  description  applies  to  the  A  racemosa  of  Michaux,  Pursh, 
and  most  modern  botanists.  On  turning  to  the  old  editions  of  tl>e 
Specie*  Plantarum  it  will  ap|»ear  however  very  doubtful  whether  this 
plant  is  the  original  A.  racemosa  of  Linnteus.  The  contrast  he  has 
drawn  between  that  species  and  the  A.  arborea  appears  very  unneces- 
sary when  the  two  plants  have  scarcely  any  resemblance,  and  his 
fourth  enumerated  difference,  if  applied  to  tliis  plant,  is  incorrect. 
Willdenow  appears  to  have  been  aware  of  this  difficulty,  and  has  made 
of  this  plant  his  A.  Catesbfei,  1  aving  his  own  A.  racemosa  a  doubtful 
species.  As  if  however  the  subject  was  not  sufficiently  confused,  he 
has  quoted  as  a  synonyme  of  his  Cat»'-brei  tl^e  A.  Catesbsei  of  Walter, 
W  ich  ri.ally  belongs  to  the  \.  axillaris.  A  conjecture  on  this  sub- 
ject is  all  we  can  offer.  The  terminal  racemes  of  the  A.  racemosa 
of  Michaux  and  of  modern  botanists,  are  naked,  secund,  and  some- 
times branched.  In  a  luxuriant  state  it  has  probably  been  sent  to 
Xinnseus.  and  formed  his  A  paniculata.  His  description  applies  to 
that  plant,  and  his  reference  to  Catesby,  vol  2  fig.  43,  which  has 
bten  supposed  an  inadvertent  error, corroborates  tl:is  sui^getion.  His 
A.  ractmosa  must  have  borne  some  lesemblance  to  the  A. arboiea,  and 
is  probably  some  plant   lotyet  well  understood. 

Griws  arou  id  por:ds.  and  in  galls  and  ditches* 

Flowers  March — May, 


DRCANDRIA   BIONOGYNIA. 


49i 


Leaves  oval,  obtuse, 
miicroriatc,  crrnate,  reti- 
culate ;  raeeiiies  naked, 
asji;rci:;ate ;    corolla  cam- 


15.   Speciosa. 

A    Inliis  ovaliluis,    oh-  | 

tiisis.  miioronatis.  crcna-  j 

tis,    leticiilatis  ;    raeemis  j 

(loimdalis.  asj^t'csiaiis ;  co-  j 

rollis  cami)aiiulatis  ;   an-  |  paniilate  ;  anthers  4>  awn- 

tlieris    quadriaristalis. —  j  cd. 

JN.Mcli.  1.  p.  ^36.  I 

Pursh,  1.  p.  294. 

A  slirub  3 — I  feet  hij^h,  brancliin2;,  glabrous.  Leaves  on  short  pe- 
tioles, crenat*  or  serrate,  finely  reticulate.  Flowers  in  naked,  termi- 
nal  racemes.     Vurnlla  white. 

Var.  u.  nitida ;  with   leaves  oblong  obovate,  serrate,  gr'jen  on  each 
surface. 
h.  puverulenta  ;   with  leaves  more  round,  crenate,  and  coated^ 
as  well  as  th  ■  \oun<i  branciies.  with  a  white  du^t. 
Grows  in  bogs  and  bay  galls.     Common  in  Georgetown  district. 
Dr.  Mac  bride. 
Flowers 


16.  Mariana. 

A.  foliis  lato-lanceola- 
lis,  acutis,  intc2;cn'inii-, 
coriaceis  ;  ramis  iloiaU 
il)iis  suhaphvllis ;  pcdiccl- 
lis  aggregatis ;  corollis  oh- 
loiigo-ovatis;  antlicriji  nui- 
ticis. 

Sp.  pi.  2. p.  609.    Walt.  p.  187. 


Leaves  broad  lanceo- 
late, acute,  entire,  coriace- 
ous ;  dowering  l)rancbes 
nearly  naked  ;  pedicels 
aga;reg.ite ;  corolla  ovate; 
anthers  unawned. 

Mich.  1.  p.  25G.    Pursh,  1.  p.  294. 

A  small  shrub,  2 — 3  feet  high,  sparingly  branclied.  Ijeavea  with 
the  m:ir;;ins  revdlute,  t'requentlr  if  nt»t  always  sprinkled  on  the  under 
surface  vrith  black,  dots.  Flowers  in  clusters  at  and  near  the  summit 
of  the  old  branches.  Peduncles  about  an  inch  long,  one  flowered. 
Curolla  white,  sometimes  tinned  with  red.  Filaments  hairv  at  base. 
i'lrpsule  wvate,  truncate,  with  the  margins  of  the  valves  ribbed  .►*  and 
nearly  white. 

The  corolla  is  larger  in  this  species  than  in  any  of  the  preceding* 
and  the  plant,  when  haadsomely  formed,  is  omamenlal. 

Grows  in  d'y,  sand\  soils. 

Flowers  May — August. 


49^ 


UEGANDRIA    MONOGYNIA, 


VACCINIUM.     Gen.  pl.  658. 


Calyx  siiperus.  Corol-  I 
la  urceolata  aut  cam  pan-  j 
ulata,  4 — 5  fida.  Filamni-  \ 
ta  2;ernnni  inserta  Bac-  \ 
ca  iiitera,  \ — 5  loculaiis,  | 
polysperma.  | 

I 

*  Foliis  perennantibus,  \ 

1.   Myrsini  I  Es.      IMich. 

V.  erectum  ;  foliis  par- 
vulis  sessiiil3us,  ovatis, 
mu.  ronatis,  serrulatis,  su- 
pra lucidis,  siibtus  puncta- 
tis ;  racemis  abhreviatis, 
bracteatis,  axillaribiis  ter- 
niinalibusque ;  corollis  ur- 
ceolatis. 

Mich.  1.  p.  233.     Pursh,  1.  p.  290. 

A  small  shrub,  1 — 2  feet  hiaih,  erect,  branching ;  the  young  branches 
pubescent  Leaves  with  glandular  punctures  on  the  under  surface, 
pubescent  when  young.  Calyx  5  parted  ;  segments  acute, red.  Corolla 
oblong,  pale  purple,  whitening  with  a^e.    Stamens  10.    Berries  bluck.^ 

Grows  in  sandy  pine  barrens.     In  tieorgia  very  common. 

Flowers  March — April. 


Calyx  superior.  Corol- 
la urceolate  or  campaii- 
ulate,  4 — 5  cleft.  Fila- 
ments inserted  on  the 
gerin.  Berry  inferior. 
4 — 5  celled,  many  seed- 
ed. 

*  Leaves  perenniaL 

Erect  ;  leaves  small, 
sessile,  ovate,  mucronate, 
serrulate,  lucid  on  the  up- 
per, dotted  on  the  under 
surface ;  racemes  short, 
bracteatc,  axillary  and  ter- 
minal ;  corolla  urceolate. 


2.    NiTlDUM. 

V.  erectum  ;  ramis  dis-  | 
tichis  ;  foliis  nitidis,  obo- 
vato-ellipticis,  utrinque  | 
acutis,  glabris,  seri'atis ; 
racemis  terminalibus,  co- 
rymbosis,  bracteatis,  nu- 
taiitibus ;  corollis  cylin- 
diaceis 

Bot.  reposit.  No.  480.     Pursh, 
Flowes  pale  red.     Very  nearly 
Grows  in  Carolina.     Pursli. 
Flowers 


Erect  ;  branches  dis- 
tichous ;  leaves  nitid,  o- 
bovate  elliptic,  acute  at 
each  end,  glabrous,  ser- 
rate ;  racemes  terminal, 
corymbose,  bracteate, 
nodding ;  coioUa  cylin- 
drical. 

l.p    289. 

allied  to  the  preceding  species. 


DKCANDRIA    MONOC.YNIA. 


495 


8.  Cb^ssifolium. 

V.  dirtusuin  ;  rainis  ad- 
scciuleiililms  ;  foliis  ob- 
l()ni!:o-lanceolalis,  utiin 
que  acutis,  scrratis,  rie;!- 
flis,  p;lal)ris  ;  raceinis  tcr- 
minalihus,  corymhosis ; 
comllis  campaiiulatis, 
profundc  5-dentatis. 

Bot.  Repos.  No.  105.     Purs  <, 


Diflusc  ;  branches  as- 
cendiiii;  :  leaves  oMong 
lanceolate,  acute  at  eacli 
end,  senate,  rii^id,  sca- 
brous ;  racemes  teriniu;d, 
corymbose  ;  corolla  cam- 
panulalc,  deeply  5  part- 
ed. 

1.  J).  289. 


Racemes  few  flowered,  bracteate.  Flowers  nnddinji;.  Calyx  an-* 
pressed.     Corolla  expanding,  pale  red  ;  (he  sef^ments  acute.      I'msli. 

The  two  prccedinn;  species  have  been  adopted  bv  Pursh  from  fhe 
Botanical  Rc[)ositorv  They  have  pmbablv  in  this  country  been  in- 
tcrminj^led  awd  confounded  with  the  V.  myreinitcs. 

Grows  in  Carolina.     Fraser. 

Flowers 


4.  Myrtifolium.  Mich. 
V.  repens,  glabcrri- 
mum  ;  foliis  petiolatis, 
ovalibus,  lucidis,  denticu- 
lalis  ;  fasciculis  axillari- 
bus  ;  corollis  campanula- 
tis,  brevissimc  5-denlatis. 
Mich.  1.  p.  22y. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  289. 

Leaves  with  the  margins  reflected.  Clusters  ofjlouers  nearly  ses- 
sile, small.  »inther>>  unawiied  at  the  back.  J]erries  small,  pedicel* 
late,  jilobose,  black.     Mich. 

Grows  in  Carolina. 

Flowers 


C]-ccping,  very  g;la* 
brous ;  leaves  petiolate, 
oval,  lucid,  denticidate ; 
clusters  axillary  ;  coiol- 
la  campunulate,  with  5 
short  teeth. 


**  Foliis  deciduis.  |       **  leaves  deciduous/ 

a,  corollis  cauipunulafis.  |       a.  corolla  cavipanulate. 
5.  AuBuKCLM.     Marshall. 
V.  foliis  lato-lanceola-  I       Leaves  broad   lanceo. 


tis   ovalibusque,   scrrula- 


lute    ani   oval,  sei  rulalc, 


U5,    nmcronatis,     suprti     iiiucruijate,shiuij)gua  iho 


496 


DEGANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


nitidis,  siibtus  pubes(  enti-  upper,  pubescent  on  tbp 

bus  ;  racemis  foliosis;  flo-  under  surface  ;    raceiucs 

ribus    solitariis,    nutanti-  leafy ;    flowers   solitary, 

bus;  antheris  aristatis.      |  nodding;  anthers  awned. 

Mich.  1.  p.  230.     Pursh,  1.  p.  285. 
v.  diffusum,  Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  351. 
V.  mucronatuin,  \VaIt.  p.  139. 

A  small  tree,  8 — 20  feet  hish.  producing  from  the  root  many  suck- 
.€rs ;  branches,  when  old,  crooked,  the  young  suckers  long,  strai;;ht, 
pubescent.  Leaves  sometimes  nearly  round,  on  short  petioles.  Calyx 
small,  pale  green.  Corolla  white,  angled,  with  the  border  5  cleft; 
segQicnts  short,  acute,  reflected.  Stamens  very  short.  FUame)its 
hairy  near  the  summit.  Jiuthers  incu\nbeut,  2  celled,  2  horned,  open- 
ing at  the  summit  of  the  horns  ;  awns  shorter  than  the  horns.  Style 
longer  than  the  corolla.  Ber.y  globular,  glabrous,  black,  dry,  astrin- 
gent, but  of  a  flavour  not  unpleasant. 

(irows  in  dry  soils,  moderately  fertile. 

Flowers  April — May.     Ripens  its  fruit  in  October.     Farkleberry. 

The  bark  of  the  root  is  very  astringent,  aud  is  given  in  the  fonn  of 
decoction  or  infusion  as  a  remedy  for  chronic  dysentery  and  di- 
arrhoea. The  dried  fruit  is  equally  efficacious  and  more  agreeable  to 
the  palate. 


6.  Stamineum. 

V.  foliis  ovali-lanceo- 
latis,  subacutis,  integerri- 
mis,  subtus  glaucis ;  flo- 
ribus  solitaiiis,  axillaribus, 
nutantil)us  ;  antheris  ex- 
ertis,  aristatis. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  349.    Walt.  p.  139. 


Leaves  oval  lanceolate, 
nearlv  acute,  entire,  Ji:lau- 
cous  underneath ;  low- 
ers solit.iry,  axillary,  nod- 
ding ;  anthers  exserted, 
awned. 

Mich.  1.  p.  227.   Pursh,  1.  p.  284 


A  shrub  2—3  feet  high,  erect,  branching  ;  the  young  branches  pu=- 
bescent.  Leaves  distinctly  veinei,  glabrous  on  the  upper  surface, 
slightly  pubescent  on  the  under ;  on  short  petioles.  Peduncles  pubes- 
cent, about  an  inch  long.  Corolla  white  ;  segments  of  the  border  . 
nearly  round,  mucronate.  Jinthers  at  first  white,  afterwards  ferrugi-^ 
»ous.  Style  longer  than  the  stamens.  Berry  blue,  with  a  glaucous 
tinge.  * 

A  variety  of  this  shrub  (perhaps  the  V.  album  of  Pursh),  grows  on 
the  summits  of  the  sand  hills  near  Columbia,  more  humble  aud  bear- 
ina  larger  fruit  than  in  the  low  country  ;  1  cannot  however  perceive 
any  specific  difference  between  them. 

The  berries  of  this  species  of  Vaccinium,  of  the  V.  frondo.^um,  and 
of  the  Vf  duiixosum,  are  eaten  indiscriminately  und»r  the  namo  of 


VCCAIfnRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


*»r 


•whortU  or  huckU  berries.    Thej  are  among;  the  moat  agreeabU  fiiits 
which  our  forests  produce. 

<»rows  ill  dry  soils,  moderately  fertile. 

Flowers  April — Ripens  its  fruit  May — June. 


7.    DUMOSUM. 

V.  punctatuiii ;  foliis  cii- 
iicatoohovatis.  niucrona- 
tis,scMTulatis ;  raceniis  tbli- 
osh ;  floribus  solitariis,  ax- 
illaribus;  antherisiru  lu»is. 

Botan.  Mag.  1  lOG.     Piirsh,  1. , 
V.  frondosum     Mich.  1.  p.  230. 

A  small  shrub,  with  creeping  roots.  -S^^sm  erect,  about  a  foot  high  jp 
U>e  young  branclics,  with  the  leaves,  peduncles  and  calyx,  rou;;;hened 
with  glandular  dots.  Leaves  nearly  sessile,  finely  serrulate,  with  the 
margins  revolute.  Flowers  nodding.  Corolla  angled,  white.  HtxfU 
as  long  as  the  corolla,     berries  nearly  black. 

Grows  in  dry,  si^ndy  soils. 

Flowers  April.     Ripens  its  fruit  in  June. 


Dotted ;  leaves  rune* 
ate  ohovate,  inucroiiate, 
sfiTulate;  racemes  leafy; 
flowers  solitary,  axillary ; 
anthers  included. 

285. 


8.  Frondosum. 

V,  foliis  ovali-lanceo- 
latis,  integcrriniis,  ohtu- 
sis,  rugosis,  subglaucis, 
pubescentibus,  glandulis- 
que  irroratis  ;  raceniis 
paiicifloris,  bi  actealis ;  co- 
rollis  globoso-canipanula- 
tis;  antberis  incliisis.    E. 


Leaves  oval  lanceolate^ 
entire,  obtuse,  rugose, 
somewhat  glaucous,  pu- 
bescent, and  sprinkled 
with  glandular  dots  ;  ra- 
cemes tew  flowered,  brae 
teate  ;  corolla  glol)ose 
campanulate  j  anthers  in- 
cluded. 


Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  :>5-Z.     Pursh,  1.  p.  285. 
"V.  glaacum,  Mich.  1.  p.  S.'Jl. 

A  shrub  about  3  feet  high,  branching,  with  the  young  branches  pu- 
bescent. Leaves  nearly  sessile,  slightly  pubescent,  sprinkled, as  well  as 
the  short  petioles  and  voung  branches,  with  glandular  dots.  Itacemei 
6 — S  flowered,  procceiling  Irom  the  summit  of  the  last  year's  wood, 
tlicrefore  below  the  leaves,  liracleas^  one  obovatc,  pubescent,  at  the 
base  of  each  petiole,  and  two  linear,  glabrous,  on  each  petiole.  To- 
Tolla  white,  tinged  with  red,  contracted  at  the  mouth,  and  approach- 
ing  to  the  urceolate  form.     Berries  large,  blue. 

Phis  is  our  most  common  species  of  vaccinium,  and  produces  the 
best  flavoured  fruit. 

Graws  in  close  soils. 

Flowers  April.     Ripens  its  fruit  in  Junp. 


'498 


DECANDRIA   MONOGYNIA* 


9.  Restnosum. 

V.  foliis  oblongo^ovali- 
bus,  plerumque  obtusis, 
integer  ri  mis,  atom  is  re- 
sinosis  irroratis ;  racemis 
lateralibus,secundis,brac- 
teatis  :  corollis  ovatis. 


Leaves  oblong  oval, 
generally  obtuse,  entire, 
sprinkled  witb  resinous 
dots  ;  racemes  lateral,  se- 
cund,  bracteate ;  corolla 
ovate. 


Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  352.     Pursh,  1.  p.  286. 

A  shi-ub  3—4  feet  high,  branching.  Leaves  nearly  sessile,  some- 
times ovate,  sprinkled,  principally  on  the  under  surface,  with  glandular 
clots.     Corolla  short.     Stamens  exserted.    Berries  laige,  black. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

Flowers  April — May. 

'***  Corollis  urceolatis.  \ 

10.    CoRYMBOSUM. 

V.  foliis  longo-lanceo. 


***  Corolla  urceolate* 


latis,  acutis  acuminatis- 
que,  serrulatis,  juniori- 
bus  pubescentibus  ;  ra- 
cemis confertiSjSubaphyl- 
lis,  bracteatis ;  staminibus 
miiticis,  inclusifc.     E. 

Sp.pl  2.p.  351.     Pursh,  1. p. 


Leaves  long  lanceolate 
acute  and  acuminate,  ser- 
rulate, the  young  ones  pu- 
bescent ;  racemes  crowd- 
ed, almost  leafless,  bracte- 
ate ;  stamens  unawned,- 
included. 

286  ? 


v.  disomorphum,  Mich.  1.  p.  231. 

A  shrub  4 — 8  feet  high,  geniculate,  with  a  few  straggling  branches. 
Leaves  nearly  sessile,  very  finely  serrulate,  with  a  silken  lustre  on 
the  upper  surface.  Racemes  crowded  near  the  naked  summit  of  the 
stem,  2 — 3  from  each  bud,  producing  flowers  before  the  leaves  are  ex- 
panded. Corolla  oblong,  slightly  angled,  white,  deeply  tinged  with 
purple.  Staviens  short.  Filaments  hairy.  Jinthers  without  awns. 
Style  longer  than  the  stamens,  but  not  as  long  as  the  corolla.  Berries 
large,  black. 

Grows  in  swamps,  and  wet  soils.  Very  common.  Fz-uit  indiffe-' 
rent^ ;  commonly  called  Bil  or  Bullberries. 

Flowers  March.     Ripens  its  fruit  May — June. 


It.    VlUGAFUM. 

V.  racemis  sessilibus ; 
corollis  subcylindraceis  ; 
foliis     oblongo-ellipticis. 


Racemes  sessile ;  co- 
rolla nearly  cylindrical ; 
leaves     oblong    elliptic, 


DECANDRIA    MONOGYNIA. 


491) 


serrulate,  deciduous,  ji^la- 
brous  on  each  side  ;  How- 
er-bei\ring  branches  long. 


serruliitis,  dcciduis,  utrin- 
quo  i^labris  ;  raniis  ftori- 
feris  rlongatis.  Sp.  pi. 
2.  p   353. 

Pursh,  I.  p.  887. 

A  shrub  2 — 3  feet  Mgli,  the  flowerine^  branchps  nearly  leaflesf^ 
liaceuifs  bracteate.  Corolla  contracted  at  tlie  throat,  tiniied  with 
red.     Sej;;inents  of  tlie  c«/ya' reflected.     SYj//^  included.     PuVsli. 

This  appears  to  be  too  nearly  allied  totlic  preceding  species.  The 
jMjbescence  is  certainly  variable,  and  the  leaves,  which  in  the  V  cov, 
rymbosum  Linnteus  considered  as  entire,  are  very  finely  aerruiate,  BO 
•is  easily  to  appear  entire  in  dried  speciineiis. 

Grows  in  swamps, from  ^  ir^jinia  to  Carolina.     Pursh. 

Flowers 


12.    FrSCATUM. 

V.  toliis  obloiigis,  acu- 
lis,  serrulatis,  glabris  ;  ra- 
ceniis  aggrc2;atis,  ternii- 
nalibus,  bractcatis ;  pedi- 
celiis  longis,  iiutantibus  ; 
calycibus  acutis,  ercclis  ; 


Leaves  oblong,  acute, 
serrulate,  glabrous  ;  race- 
mes aggregate,  terminal, 
braclcate  ;  pedicels  long, 
nodding  ;  segments  of 
the  calyx  acute,  erect  ; 
style  generally  exserted. 


stylo  subexerto.     Pursh, 

1.  p.  '^87. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  551. 

A  handsome  small  shrub.     Jfaccmes  somewhat  corymbose.     Corol- 
la cylindrical  ;  segments  short,  frect,  white,  tinired  with  red.     Pursh. 
Grows  in  the  swamps  of  Carolina  aud  Georgia.     Pursh. 
Flowers 


13.  Galezans.     Mich 

y.  foliis  sessilibus,  cu- 
iicato-lanceolatis,  serru- 
latis, pubescentil)us  ;  fas- 
ciculis  sessilibus  ;  stami- 
nibus  inclusis,  niuticis  ; 
stylo  exerto. 


Leaves  sessile,  cuneato 
lanceolate,  serrulate,  pu- 
bescent ;  fascicles  sessile ; 
stamens  included,  with- 
out awns  ;  style  exsert- 
ed. 


Midi.  1.  p.  232.     Pursh,  1.  p.  2S7. 

A  small  shrub,  1 — 2  feet  high,  with  creeping  roots  ;  younc  branches 
•lotted,  pubescent.     Margins  of  the  leaves  freii'icntly  tingea  witlipur- 


500 


DEGANORIA   MONOOTNIA. 


|>le.  Flowers  in  axillary  clusters,  6-  10  flowered.  Peduncles  shorty 
g__4  br.cteas  at  the  base  of  each  Corolla  long,  slight! j*  an  led, 
tvhite;  sometimes  tinged  with  red.  Filaments  very  hairy.  Berries 
tmatl,  black. 

Grows  in  damp,  close  soils. 

Flowers  March.    Ripens  its  fruit  in  June. 


Branches  angled ;  leavesu 
sessile,  ovate  lanceolate, 
mucronate,  serrulate,  lu- 
cid on  each  side  ;  tasci- 
cles  somewhat  terminal^ 
closel)'  flowered. 


,    i4.    TfcJNELLUM. 

'  V.  raniis  angulatis ;  fo- 

liis  sessilihus,  ovato-lan- 

ceolatis,  niucronatis,  ser- 

rulatis,  utrinque  lucidis ; 

fasciculis      subterminali- 

bus,  confertifloris.  Pursh, 

d,  p.  388. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  553. 
V.  Pennsylvanicum  ?  Mich.  1.  p.  232. 

A  low,  branching  shrub  ;  branches  green.     Calyx  green.    Corolltk 
Ovate,  pale  red.     Berries  large,  bluish  black.     Pursh. 
Grows  in  dry,  gravelly  soils.    Georgia;  Mich. 
Flowers 

\ 

iS.  Myrtilloides  ?    Mich. 

V.  foliis  lanceolatis, 
membranaceis,  crenula- 
tis,  glabris  ;  floribus  spar- 
sis,  subsolitariis. 


Leaves  lanceolate, 
membranaceous,  crenu- 
late,  glabrous  ;  flowers 
scattered,  generally  soli* 
tary. 

Mich.  1.  p.  234.    Pursh,  1.  p.  288. 

I  refer  here,  with  much  hesitation,  a  shrub  found  in  our  deep  river 
«wamps,  6 — 8  feet  high,  with  branches  slender,  diftused.  Leaver 
small,  sessile,  lucid,  deciduous.  Fruit  axillary,  solitary,  black,  oiv 
|>eduncles  about  half  an  inch  long. 

The  corolla  I  have  not  seen. 

Grows  near  Savannah  river,  at  Beck's  Ferry. 

Flowers  Ripens  its  fruit  in  June. 


EPIG:^A.     Gen.  pl.  7*8. 

Calyx  5-paititus,  extus  I       Calyx  5  parted,  with  8 
tribracteatis.    Corolla  hy-  |  bracteas  at  base.    Cord-: 


DBCANDRTA    MONOGTNfA. 


501 


1(1  hypocrutcriform.  TV//;- 
.9///^  5  relied,  with  the  re- 
ceptacle it  parted. 

Leaves  cordate  ovate, 
entile,  reticulate ;  corol- 
la cylindrical. 

Mich.  I.  p.  250.     Pursh,  I.  p.  297. 

A  small  shrub,  prostrate,  creeping,  an«l  so'.nctimes  almost  buried  in 
the  sand,  in  which  it  deliijhts  to  grow.  Young  branches  very  hispid. 
Leaves^  when  youn-;,  hispid  alona;  the  midril),  and  sli^litly  frin-'ed. 
Floicers  in  compact,  axillary  racemes.  Uracteas  nearly  as  long  as 
the  calyx.  Corolla  white,  tinned  with  red,  very  fragrant.  Stamens 
and  ^tifU  scarcely  longer  than  the  tube  of  the  corolla. 

Urows  on  the  sand  hills  in  the  middle  districts  of  Carolina  and 
Georgia. 

Flowers  January— March. 


pocraterifornris.  Cajmi- 
la  .j-loeularis,  reccptacu- 
lo  5-partito. 

1.   Rkpkns. 

E.  foliis  cordato-ova- 
tis,  inteperrimis,  retirii- 
latis ;  corollis  cylindricis. 
Persoon,  i.  p.  48^. 

Sp.pl.  2.  p.  615.    Walt.  p.  139. 


GUALTHERIA.     Gen.  pl.  749. 


Calyx  5-fidus,  basi  bi- 
bracteatus.  Corolla  ova- 
ta.  Capsula  C-locularis, 
vestita  calyce  baccato. 

1.    PROCUMBENS. 

G.  caulc  procunibente, 
ramis  erectis  ;  Ibliis  obo- 
vatis,  basi  acutis,  rigidis, 
scrratis ;  floribus  paucis, 
terniinalibus,  niitantibus. 


Califx  5  cleft,  witb  e 
bracteas  at  base.  Corolla 
ovate.  Capsidr  5  celled, 
clotlied  Willi  the  berry- 
like calyx. 

Stem  procumbent,  \vith 
the  branches  erect ;  leaves 
obovate,  acute  at  base, 
rii2;id,  serrate  ;  flowers 
few,  terminal,  nodding. 


Pursh,  I.  p.  283.     Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  6l6.     Mich.  1.  p.  249. 

A  small  shrub,  generally  prostrate,  the  branches  naked  near  the 
base  ;  the  leaves  somewhat  crowded  towards  the  summit,  coria- 
ce<»us,  with  tlie  margins  inflected,  serratures  fine,  remote,  acute, 
terminated,  in  the  young  leaf,  with  a  deciduous  aun.  /"/oic^rs  fre- 
quently solitary,  white.     Fruit  red,  eatable. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina.     Dr.  Macbridc. 

Flowers  May — July. 


502 


DECANDRTA    MONOGYNIA. 


CLETHRA.     Gen.  pl.  75  i. 


Calyx  5  parted,  persis- 
tent. Petals  5.  Style  3 
cleft  at  the  summit,  per- 
sistent. Capsule  3  celledp 
ij  valved. 

Leaves  cuneate,  obo- 
vate,  acute,  serrate,  gla- 
brous, and  of  the  same 
colour  on  both  surfaces  ; 
racemes  spiked,  simple, 
bracteate,  tonientose  and 
hoary. 

Pursh,  l.p.  301.     Sp.pl.  2.  p.  619. 

A  small  shrub,  2 — 3  feet  high.  Leaves  sharply  serrate,  particular- 
ly towards  the  summit,  glabrous  and  finely  veined.  Racemes  termi- 
nal     Corolla,  as  in  all  the  species,  white. 

To  the  succeeding  species  this  plant  bears  an  entire  resemblance, 
diifering  only  in  the  villous  tomentum  with  which  the  C.  tomentosa  is 
clothed. 

Grows  in  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina  and  Georgia.  Columbia; 
Mr.  Herbemont. 

Flowers  July—August* 

S.  Tomentosa.     La  Marck. 


Calyx  5-partitus,  per- 
sisiens.  Petala  5.  iStylns 
apice  3-iidus,  persistens. 
Capsula  3-locularis,  3- 
Valvis. 

1.    AlNI  FOLIA. 

C.  foliis  cuneato-obo- 
vatis,  acutis,  serratis,  u- 
trinque  glabris,  concolo- 
ribus ;  racemis  spicatis, 
simplicibus,  bracteatis, 
cano-tomentosis. 


C.  foliis  cuneato-obo- 
vatis,  acutis,  serratis,  sub- 
tus  albo-tomentosis  ;  ra- 
cemis spicatis,  simplici- 
bus, bracteatis,  villoso-to- 
mentosis. 


Leaves  cuneate  obo- 
vate,  acute,  serrate,  to- 
rn entose  and  white  un- 
derneath ;  racemes  spik- 
ed, simple,  bracteate,  to- 
mentose  and  villous. 


Lam.  Encycl.  Meth.  2.  p.  46.     Pursh,  I.  p.  301. 

Clethra  alnifoUa,  Walt.  p.  136. 

G.  alnifolia  var.  tomentosa,  Mich.  1.  p.  260. 

A  shrub,  2 — 4  feet  high,  with  creeping  roots,  the  young  branches 
pubescent,  with  the  pubescence  stellular.  L>eaves  sometimes  acumi- 
nate, sharply  serrate,  scabrous  and  pubescent  on  the  upper  surface. 
*Boeem€S  terminal,  4—7  inches   long.     Bracieas  shorter  than  the 


DBCANDRIA    MONOCYNll. 


5C^ 


fli)\vcrs.  Petals  whito,  ol)ovate,  twice  as  long  as  the  mIjx.  Fila*. 
mmt-i  longer  than  tlie  corolla,  inserted  at  the  base  of  the  i;erm,  adher- 
ing to  the  petaiss  Jinthrrs  sai^ittate,  £  celleil,  opening;  through  pores 
at  tin-  extremity  of  each  auricle,  iifrm  superior,  hairy.  Style  a  lit- 
tle loiit^or  (haR  the  stamens.  Seeds  numerous,  ovate,  cuinpressedj  aty 
tarhod  t(»  a  lar'^e  receptacle  in  the  angle  of  each  cell. 

Grows  in  damp  soils.     Very  common. 

Flowers  July — August. 


3.  ScABRA.     Persooi>. 

C.  foliis  cunoiUo-obo- 
vatis,  acutis.  utrinque  sca- 
bris,  grossc  scnatis ;  ra- 
cemis  spic^atis,  subpani- 
culatis,  bracteatis,  to- 
incntosis.  Pursli,  l.  p. 
30^. 

Pcrsoon,  1.  p.  483. 

Scrratures  of  the  leaves  large,  uncinate.     Spikes  clothed  with  a 
tine  down.     Pursh. 
Found  by  Mr.  Lyou  in  tlie  western  districts  of  Georgia, 
Flowers 


Leaves  cuneate  obo- 
vate,  acute,  scabrous  on 
boib  surfaces,  witb  large 
serratures;  racemes  spik- 
ed, soinewbat  paniculate^ 
bracteatc,  tomentose. 


4.  Panicclata. 

C.  foliis  cuneato-lance-  Leaves  cuneate  lance- 

olatis.  acutis,  serralis,  u-  olate,  acute,  serrate,  gla- 

trinque  glabris ;  panicula  brous  on  botb  surfaces  ; 

terniinali,  racemillora,  al-  panicle     terminal,     with 

bo-tomentosa.  tlie    branches   lacemose, 

tomentose  and  white. 

Pursh,  I.  p.  302.     Sp.  pi.  2  p.  G20. 

Leaves  narrow,  with  the  serratures  acuminate.  FanicUlon^.  Pursh. 

Grows  in  Carolina.     Bartram. 

Flowers 


5.  Acuminata. 

C.  foliis  ovalibus,  acu- 
minatjj*,  serratis.  utrinque 
glabris,  bubtus  subj^laucis  j 


Leaves  oval,  acuminate, 
si'irute.  glal)rous  on  both 
sides,  souicwlial  glaucous 


90'! 


OEeANDRiA    MONOGYNIA. 


racemis  spicatis ;  bracteis 
flores  superantibus. 


racemes 
bracteas  longer 


underneath 

spiked  ; 

tlian  the  flowers. 

Mich.  1.  p.  260.     Pursh,  1.  p.  302. 

A  small  tree.  Leaves  larj^e,  on  long  petioles,  obtuse,  never  ch- 
neate  at  base.  Spikes  before  flowering  bristling  on  all  sides  with  the 
)ong  bracteas  ;  these  by  culture  frequently  disappear. 

Grows  on  the  high  mountains  of  Carolina. 

Flowers 


PYROLA.     Gen.  pl.  572, 


Calyx  5-partitus.  Pe- 
tola  5.  stylus  stamini- 
bus  h»ngior.  Capsulu  5- 
lo(-ularis,  anguhs  dehis- 
cens. 

1.    RoTUNDIFOLfA. 

p.  foliis  rotundatis,  ob- 
solete serrulatis  ;  spica 
floribus  undique  versis ; 
pistillo  decUnato. 


o. 


C<7/i/x  5  parted.  Petals 
Style  longer  than  the 
stamens.  Capsule  b  cell- 
ed, opening  at  the  angles.. 


Leaves  nearly  round,  ob- 
soletely  serrulate  ;  spike 
with  the  flowers  on  eve.- 
ry  side ;  pistil  decUned. 

Mich.  1.  p.  251.     Pursh,  1.  p.  299.     Sp.  pl.  2.  p.  621. 

A  small,  perennial,  creeping  ?  plant.  Leaves  near  the  surface  of 
the  ground,  perennial,  coriaceous,  sometimes  obovate.  Spike  6 — 10 
inches  long.     Corolla  white.     Stigma  rotate,  with  5  tubercles. 

Grows  m  dry,  stony  or  sandy  soils,  from  Canada  to  Carolina. 
Pursh. 

Flowers 


CHIMAPHILA.     Pursh. 


Calyx  S-partitus.  Pe-  j 
tala  5.  Stigma  sessile, 
crassum,  orbiculatum. 
Jintheree  rostiatse,  fora- 
mine  subbivaJvi  dehis- 
centes.  Capsida  5-locu^ 
laris,  angulis  dehiscens. 


Calyx  5 -parted.  Pe- 
tals 5.  Stigma  sessile, 
thick,  orbicular.  Anthers 
beaked,  opening  through 
a  :3valved  aperture.  Cap- 
sule  5  celled,  opening  at 
the  angles. 


BECANDRIA    MGNOGYNrA. 


003 


T.caves  lanceolate,  with 
ri'j;i(l  serruturcs,  marked 
with  a  white  longitudinal 
hand  ;  scape  2 — 3  flow, 
cied  ;    tilanicnts  woolly. 


1.    MACrrLATA. 

r.  fohis  lancoolatis.  ri- 
gidc  scnatis,  iascia  lon- 
gitiidinali  di-^colorc  nota- 
tis  ;  scapo  i — 3-floro  ; 
fdaincntis  lanuginosis. 
Mich.  !.  p.  851.  Sub  Vy- 
rola.  1 

Pursh,  1.  p.  SnO. 

Pynila  inaculata,  Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  6-22.     AValt.  p.  156. 

A  small,  perennial,  creeping!;  plant.  Stems  2—4  inches  hi^h.  Leai'ffi 
erect.  2 --4  neat-  the  base  of  the  stem,  coriaceous,  riu;i(l,  ol"  a  biin;ht 
green  colour,  varieij;ate(l  in  the  miiliile  \vitl«  wliite.  Flowers  tcrnunal, 
(2  or  3)  somewhat  ninbelliferous, fragrant.  Corolla  wliite.  F'UameAt9 
a  little  lonsjer  than  the  germ.     Irvnn  superior. 

Grows  in  lisjht.  rich  soils,  in  the  shade  of  trees.     Common. 

Flowers  April — May. 

STYRAX.     Gen.  ri.. 


Cfl/z/o:  inferos,  limbo  5- 
dcntato.  Corolla  5- par- 
tita. Drupa  coriacea,  ex- 
succa,  tbvens  nucem 
sphacriceam. 

1.  Or    ndifolium 

S.  foliis  lato-obovatis. 
acuminalis.  subtus  tonicn- 
tosis ;  racemis  simphci- 
bus,  axillaiil)us,  interne 
foliosis. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  621.     Pursh,  2.  p.  450. 
S.  jjrandillorum,   Mich.  2.  p.  41. 
S.  oflicinalc,  Walt   p.  140. 

A  shrub,  4 — 12  feet  hij^h,  with  the  younjj  branches  pubescent. 
Leaven  alternate,  largje,  on  short  peti»»ies.  nearly  ;;(labrou8  on  the  up- 
per surface,  hoary  untlerneatlj,  tlie  toinentU:n  stellated.  Jiaceme.'i 
15 — 20  floweretl,  with  a  bractea  at  the  base  of  ea(  h  peduncle.  Caly.v 
tomentosr  ;  the  tube  four  times  as  Ion,;  as  the  acute  segments,  l^- 
rolla  white,  very  fragrant,  much  larger  than  the  calyx  :  segments 
oval,  expanding.  /''i/aHi«'»j/s  hairy  and  unitecl  at  ba^e,  inst-i  ted  into 
the  base  of  tlie  corolla.  Jinthers,^  lobed,  affixed  to  the  sides  of  the 
fdaments  near  the  summit,     (ifrm  v  ith  the  base  clotbed  bv  tlio  ct' 


Cat II X  inferior,  witli  the 
border  5  toothed.  Co- 
rolla 5  parted.  Drupe 
coriaceous,  juiceless,  in- 
closing a  spherical  nut. 

Leaves  broad  obovate, 
acuminate, lomentose  un- 
dcrneatli ;  racemes  sim^ 
])Ie,  axillary,  leafy  neap 
the  base. 


506  DEGANDRIA   MONOGYNIA. 

iyx,  many  celled  (8).  Style  longer  than  the  corolla  and  stamehfi 
atigma  obtuse. 

Grows  in  rich,  light  soils.  More  common  in  the  apper  districts  rff 
Carolina  and  Georgia  than  in  the  lower. 

Flowers  ApriL 


S.    PULVERULENTUM.       Mlch. 


Leaves  oval,  acute,  to- 
rn entose  underneath  ;  ra- 
cemes lateral,  few  flow- 
ered, leafy. 


S.  foliis  ovallbus,  acu- 
tis,  subtus  tomentosis ; 
racemis  laterallbus,  pau- 
cifloris,  foliosis.     E. 

Mich^.  p.  41. 

A  small  shrub,  with  creeping  roots,  growing  in  small  clumps  and 
rarely  exceeding  18  incnes  in  height.  Leaves  nearly  sessile,  serru- 
late, a  little  hairy  on  the  upper  suiface  ;  pubescence,  as  in  the  pre- 
ceding species,  stellular.  Flowers  on  small  lateral  branches, .axilla- 
ry and  terminal.  Corolla  smaller  than  in  the  S.grandifolium,  white, 
and  very  fragrant. 

I  have  very  rarely  seen  more  than  2  terminal  flowers  on  each  ra- 
ceme. 

Grov/s  in  flat  pine  barrens.  Common  on  the  south  side  of  the  Ca- 
nouchie  river,  6-— 8  miles  above  its 'junction  with  the  Ogeechee.  I 
have  never  seen  it  north  of  tlie  Savannah  river. 

Flowers  March — April. 


Xeaves  lanceolate,  acu- 
minate at  each  end,  ser- 
rate, glabrous  ,•  racemes 
lateral,  leafy. 


3.  LiEVE.     Walt. 

S.  foliis  lance  olatis,  u 
trinque  acuminatis,  seira 
tis,  glabris  ;  racemis  lat 
eralibus,  foliosis.     E. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  G24. 

S.  glabrum,  Mich.  2.  p.  41.    Pursh,  2.  p.  450. 

S.  Iseve,  Walt.  p.  140. 

A  shrub,  4 — 6  feet  high ;  branches  virgate,  slightly  geniculate. 
Leaves,  particularly  towards  the  extremities  of  the  branches,  mode- 
rately large  (2 — 3  inches  long,  1 — li  wide),  thick,  opaque,  with  acute, 
strong,  irregular  serratures.  Racemes,  or  branches,  frequently  in 
pairs.  Flowers  axillary  and  terminal.  Corolla  white,  tomentose. 
JV*«*  globular,  1  celled. 

Grows  along  the  margins  of  swamps,  in  Carolina,  7—8  miles  from 
Charleston,  near  the  Goose-Creek  roa«lr 

Flowers  April. 


DECANDRIA    MONOGYNTA.. 


967 


Leaves  oval  lanceolate, 
acute  at  each  end,  finely 
serrulate,  niembrunacc- 
uus,  e;labrous  ;  racemes 
lateral,  leajy. 


A,  Glabritm. 

S.  foliis  Qvali-lanceola- 
ti:-.  iitnnque  afutis,  terui- 
is^imc  serriilaiis,  meni- 
hranaceii^,  gl;il)ris  ;  racc- 
luis  lateralibus,  foliosis. 
K. 

Bi>tan.  Mag.  No.  9-21. 

A  shrub,  6 — 8  feet  liiu;iii  with  branrhes  riifTusc,  sprerulinjr.  Leavti 
thin,  dflitati',  fiiioly  sfiiulate.  Loro'la  much  larger  than  in  tlie  pie- 
ceiiinu;  species,  nearly  glabrous,  white. 

These  two  species  appear  (n  me  to  have  been  confounded  by  the  Eu- 
ropean botanists.  This  is  distinguished  by  its  thin,  oval  leaves,  and 
larger  flowers  ;  the  former  by  its  thick,  acuminate  leaves,  and  tomen- 
tose  corolla.  This  is  pretty  certainly  the  plant  figured  in  t!»e  Botan* 
ical  Magazine  ;  the  former  evidently  the  S.  la;vc  of  Walter,  Tl»t 
other  relerences  are  uncertain. 

Grows  along  tiie  margins  of  tlie  Ogeechec  river,  Georgia^ 

Flowers  April. 


HALESIA.     Gen.  pl.  814. 


Calyx  4-  toothed,  su- 
perior. Corolla  +  cleft 
or  4  petalled.  Stamens 
8 — 12.  Xiit  4)  angled, 
2  seeded. 


Calyx  4-dentatus,  su- 
perus.  Corolla  4  lid  a, 
vel  4-petala.  Stamina 
S — 12.  X'lx  4-angula- 
ris,  2-5perma. 

1.  Tetr/iptera. 

H.  foliis  ovali-lanceo- 
latis,  acuminatis,  scrrula 
tis  ;  corolla  quadrilida  ; 
florihus  dodccandris;  fruc- 
tn  suljjequaliter  tctrapte- 
ro. 

Sp.  pi.  P-  p   849.    Walt.  p.  14-4.    Mich.  2.  p.  40.    Pursh,  2.  p.  449. 

A  small  Iroe,  M) — 20  feet  high,  leaves  pubescent,  a  little  glau- 
cous underneath,  sometimes  obovate,  on  short  petioles.  Flowers  in 
small  axillary  clusters.  Calyx  superior.  Corolla  canipanulate, 
white,  with  the  border  4  ciclt.    Filamertis  10  or  12,  «hort«r  than  tlje; 


Leaves  oval  lanceolate, 
acunjinatc,  serrulate;  co- 
rolla 4- cleft ;  fltjwcrs  do- 
decandrous  ;  fruit  equal- 
ly 4  winged. 


^os 


DECANDRIA    MONOGYNTA. 


corolla,  hairy  at  base.     Stjfle  longer  than  the  sta-nens.     Stigma  sim- 
ple.   Fi-uit  oblong,  4  winged,  with  the  wings  all  equal* 

Grows  in  rich,  light,  dry  soils. 

flowers  March — April. 


S.    DlPTEBA. 

H.  foliis  ovato,  ovali- 
que  lanceolatis,  acumina- 
tis,  serrulatis ;  coroUis 
tetrapetalis  ;  floribus  oc- 
tandris ;  fructu  compres- 
60,  alls  duabus  niajoribiis. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  849.  Walt.  p.  144. 


Leaves  ovate  and  oval 
lanceolate,  aciiminatej 
serrulate ;  corolla  4  pe- 
talled  ;  flowers  octanr 
drous ;  iVuit  compressed, 
with  ^  large  wings. 

Mich.  2.  p,  40.    Pursh,  2.  p.  450. 

A  small  tree,  very  similar,  in  size,  habit,  leaves,  and  mode  of  flow- 
ering, to  the  preceding  species.  Corolla  large,  white,  distinctly  4 
petalled.  'Sfonews generally  8.  Gemn  many  celled  (S).  Fruit  larger 
than  in  the  H.  tetraptera,  obovate,  compressed,  with  the  two  smali 
wings  nearly  obliterated. 

These  two  plants  are  remarkable  for  their  smooth  streaked  bark; 
their  pubescence  is  stellular  :  both  are  very  ornamental  plants. 

In  tliis  genus  the  filaments  are  united  at  base,  and  therefore  br 
many  writers  it  has  been  placed  in  the  class  Monadelphia  ;  but  it  is 
united  in  so  many  respects  Avith  the  Styrax,  the  flouers  of  both  are 
so  generally  decandrous,  and  so  many  instances  occur  w-hcre  the 
number  of  stamens  is  permitted  to  determine  the  location  of  plants, 
that  it  appears  to  me  more  convenient  to  place  them,  where  I  am  per- 
suaded young  botanists  will  generally  look  for  them,  in  the  class  JJe^ 
candria. 

Grows  ten  miles  from  Savannah,  on  the  Ogeechee  road. 

Flowers  March — April. 


MYLOCARIUM.     Willd. 


Calyx  inferiis,  5-iidus. 
Petalu  quinque.  Stylus 
angulis  alatis.  stigma 
3 — 4  iida.  Capmla  tri- 
gona,  trilocularis. 


Calyx  inferior,  5  cleft. 
Petals  5.  Style  with  tlie 
angles  winged.  Stigma 
3—4  cleft.  Capsule  3 
angled,  3  celled. 


1.    LjGUSTUIIsUM. 

Willd.  Enum.  Hort.  Berol.     Pursh,  1.  p.  302. 

A  shrub,  6—15  feet  liiy;h.     Leaves  perennial,  alternate,  sessile, 
puneate,  lanceolate,  very  entire,  coriaceous,  glabrous,  slightly  glau« 


PECANDRTA    DTGYNIA. 


50U 


••ous  underneath.  Floicem  in  simple,  terminal  racemes,  raly:^ 
small,  appoarin;;  to  be  romposc<l  of"  five  leaves  colieririy;  together. 
Petiila  obovate,  white.  Filaments  dilatctl  at  base,  unc(|ual,  shorter 
than  the  rorolla. 

Tliis  very  ornamental  plant  grows  in  pine  barren  swamps  and 
galls,  in  the  southern  parts  of  Georgia.  It  rarely  occurs  to  the  nortk 
of  the  Osieechee  river. 

Flowers  March. 


niGrvLi 


HYDRANGEA.     Gen.  pl.  7(iO. 


CaUjx  superus,  5-(len- 
tatus.  Pctala  5.  Capsu- 
la  ;2-i'ostris,  foraniine  in- 
ter coniua  dehiscens. 


Caljfx  superior,  5  footh* 
c(l.  Petals  ;3.  Capsule  ^ 
beaked,  openina;  through 
an  aperture  between  llie 
horns. 


Leaves  oblong  ovate, 
obtuse  at  base, acuminate, 
dentate,  glal)ious  under- 
neath ;  cymes  naked. 


1.  Vulgaris. 

H.  foliis  oblongo  ova- 
tis,  basi  obtusis,  acuuiina- 
tis,  dentatis,  subtus  gla- 
bris  ;  cymis  imdis. 

Piirsh,  1.  p.  309.     Mich,  l.p   2G8. 
H   arborescens,  Sp.  pl.  2.  p   033, 

A  shrub,  G— 8  feet  high,  with  branches  and  leaves,  as  in  all  the 
genus,  opposite.  Leaves  tiiin,  glabrous,  pale  o  i  the  umler  surface, 
very  conspicuously  acuminate,  serratures  lary;e,  acute,  flowers  io 
terminal  cymes,  uhitv,  generally  without  sterile  florets. 

(ir.ivvs  on  t)ie  mountains  of  Carolina. 

Flowers  May — June. 


2.  CoKDATA.     Pursh. 

H.  fuliis  lato-ovatis.  ba- 
ai  subcoidatis,  acumina- 
tis,  grosse  dentatis,  sub- 


Leaves  broad  ovate, 
sligluly  cordate  at  base,  a- 
cuniinute,  coarsely  tooth» 


.510 


DBCANDFIA   DIGYNtA. 


tiis   glabris ;   cymis  sub- 
radiatis.    Pursh,  i.p.  309. 


ed,  glabrous  underneath  ; 
cymes  generally  radiate. 


This  though  nearly  allied  to  the  preceding,  is  a  very  distinct  spe- 
•ies,  and  easily  known  from  that  by  its  more  robust  appearance  and. 
larger  leaves.     Pursh. 

I  have  adopted  this  species  from  Pursh  without  having  sufficient 
Tneans  to  determine  its  accuracy.  Yet  I  have  noticed  in  specimens 
sent  me  from  our  mountains,  that  those  with  sterile  (radiating)  flow- 
ers have  generally  a  more  robust  habit,  leaves  thicker,  less  acumi- 
nate, and  more  distinctly  ovate. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  and  upper  country  of  Carolina  and  Geor- 
gia, along  the  water  courses. 

Flowers  May — June. 


Leaves  cordate  ovate, 
acuminate,  serrate,  tOr 
mentose  and  white  on 
the  under  surface;  cymes 
radiate. 


3.  NivEA.     Mich. 

H.  foliis  cordato-ovatis, 
acuminatis,  serratis,  sub- 
tus  niveo-tomentosis  ; 
cymis  radiatis.  Mich.  l. 
p.  369. 

Pursh,  I.p.  509. 

H.  radiata,  Walt.  p.  £5 1.     Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  634, 

A  shrub.  6 — 8  feet  high.  Leaves  rugose,  pubescent  along  the  veins 
of  the  upper  surface,  elegantly  marked  by  the  silvery  whiteness  of 
tl.e  under  surface.  Flowers  in  terminal  cymes,  with  a  few  sterile 
florets  (3 — 8)  in  the  circumference,  and  many  fertile  florets  in  the 
centre  of  each  cyme. 

Fertile  floret'  Calyx  1  leaved,  5  toothed.  Corolla  5  petalled ; 
petals  lanceolate,  longer  than  the  calyx.  Filaitients  10,  unequal,  lon- 
ger than  the  calyx.  Germ  compressed,  oval.  Styles  2,  short.  Stig- 
mas obtuse,  thick. 

■  Sterile  floret.  Calyx  2 — 3 — 4  leaved;  leaflets  large,  rounded  at 
the  summits,  coloured,  persistent.  Corolla  2 — 3—4  petalled  ;  petals 
lanceolate,  white,  much  smaller  than  the  calyx.  Stamens  very  short* 
Rudiments  only  of  the  germ  and  styles. 

Grows  in  the  upper  country  of  Carolina  and  Georgia,  along  the 
lime-stone  bluff",  below  Vance's  Ferry,  on  the  Santee  river. 

Flowers  May — June. 

4.  QuERciFOLiA.     Bartram. 


H.  foliis  oblongis,  sinu- 
ato-lobatis,  dentatis,  siib- 
tus  tomentosis ;  cymis  m- 
-diatis,  paniculatis. 


Leaves  oblong,  sinuate 
and  lobed,  dentate,  to- 
mentose  underneath ;  cy- 
mes radiate,  paniculate. 


&p.  pi.  e.  p.  ^34.    Pursh,  1.  p.  ^Q^ 


DEGANDRIA    DICYNIA. 


fiTJt 


A  handsorae  slirub,  4 — 5  foet  high.  Leaves  variously  sinuate, 
thou;;h  ;;!:i*nt' rally  5  lobcil ;  when  younj;  very  tonientose,  with  the  veins 
marked  with  a  iorru;^innus  colour.  tUiwPTS  in  Iohl;  panicles,  rat^'er 
than  cvmes;  sterile  Jturets  numerous,  at  tirst  ot"  an  obscure  white 
colour,  cliangiij]s;  afterwards  to  purple. 

First  discovered  by  Bartrani,  in  his  travels  through  the  southern" 
states. 

tirows  near  Milledgeville,  GeorgLi. 

Flowers  May — June. 


CIIRYSOSPLENIUM.     Gbn   pl.  788. 


C(iJi/r  4 -fid us,  colora- 
tiis.  Corolla  0.  Cap- 
si/la  birostris,  1  locularis. 
poly?perma. 

1.  OrposiTirOLiuM. 

C.  foliis  oppositis,  sub- 
rotiindis,  l)asi  in  peliolum 
aH'Miuatis,  levissiiiie  cre- 
natis. 


Calj/x  4  clclt,  coloiiF- 
cd.  Corolla  0.  Capsule 
2  heakcdj  i  celled,  many 
seeded. 

Leaves  opposite,  near- 
ly ^oll^(^  tapeiins;  at  base 
to  a  petiole,  sligbtly  cre- 
nate. 

Sp.  pl.  2.  p.  G38.     Mich.  1.  p.  269.     Pursh,  1.  p.  269. 

A  small  creeping  plant.  Root^  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous. 
leaves  membranaceous,  {jlabrous.  Flowers  solitary,  axillary,  on  short 
peduncle*.     (Flowers  octandrous.     Mich.) 

Grows  near  springs  and  rivulets  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina  and 
Georgia. 

Flower* 


SzVXlFllAGA. 

Cahjx  5-partitus.  Pe- 
Ma  5.  Capsula  2-rostris, 
1 -locularis,  polyspenna. 
1.  ViiiGiNiENsi-j.  Mieb 
S.  pube.scens  ;  foliis  o- 
valil)U.-,  obtusis,  crenatis, 
in  petioluni  decurreiili- 
hus  ;     caulc   subapbyllo, 


Cali/x  n  parted.  Pefnh 
5.  Capsule  2  beaked, 
1  celled,  many  seeded. 

Pul)esccnt ;  leaves  oval, 
ol)tuse,  crenate,  extend- 
ing; to  a  petiole  ;  stem 
nearly  leafless,  panicula- 


5lS 


SEGANDRIA   DtGYNiA,^ 


paniculate  ;  floribus  sub- 
sessilibus 


ted;  flowers  nearly  ses- 
sile. 


Mich.  I.  p.  269.     Pursh,  1.  p.  Sll. 

A  small,  herbaceous  plant,  with  perennial  roofs.  Radical  leaves 
rather  spat!)ulate,  lanceolate.  Stem  about  a  foot  high,  divided  near 
the  summit.  Flowers  crowded  near  the  extremities  of  the  branches, 
■white. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina  and  Georgia.  On  the  lime- 
stone rocks  near  Vance's  Ferry. 

Flowers  March. 


fiairy  ^  leaves  spathu- 
late  oval,  with  acute  and 
large  teeth ;  panicles  long, 
diffuse ;  calyx  reflected  j 
petals  unequal. 


S.    LEUC/\T4THEMIFOL.rA 

S.  hirsuta  ;  fohis  spath- 
ulato-o  valibus,  acute  gros- 
seque  dentatis ;  paniculis 
elongatis,  diff^nsis  ;  calyce 
reflexo ;  petalis  insequali- 
bus. 

Mich.  1.  p.  268.     Pursh,  1.  p.  311. 

Plant  very  hairy,  particularly  towards  the  base  of  the  scape  and 
leaves.  Leaves  oval,  with  very  large  and  acute  t^tin,  tapering  at 
base  to  a  stem  3 — 4  inches  long.  Scape  18 — v"4  inches  long.  Panicle 
diffuse.  F^oit'ers  small,  white  variegated  with  pink  and  yellow.  Calyx 
rigid,  reflected,  persistent. 

Grows  near  the  mountains  in  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina  and 
Georgia.     Mr.  Herbemont. 

Flowers  June — September. 


3.  Erosa.     Pursh. 

S.  ghbriuscula  ;  foliis 
oblongo-lanceolatis,  acu- 
tis,  eroso-dentatis ;  pani- 
cula  oblonga  ;  ramis  di- 
varicatis.  Pursh,  i.  p. 
31 1. 


Nearly  smooth ;  leaves 
oblong  lanceolate,  acute, 
with  erose  teeth ;  pani- 
cle oblong ;  branches  di- 
varicate. 


stem  naked.  Panicle  very  much  divided.  Flowers  scattered,  on 
filiform  footstalks.  In  many  respects  resembling  the  S.  Pennsylvani- 
ca.     Pursh. 

Grows  along  stony  rivulets  in  the  high  mountains  of  Carolina. 
PursI). 

Flowers  June — July* 


DECANORI.V   DIGYMA, 


5i^ 


TI ARKLLA.     Gen.  pl.  702?. 


Calj/.v  .'r-piutitus,  |)cr. 
-SHtcus.      Pdata  ;>,  calyci 
irjscrla.     f'apsula  i-locu- 
laris,  i-valvis,  viilvula  al 
Cera  majoic. 


Cd/ijx  .1  parted,  persist 
tent.  Petals  5,  inseited 
on  ilic  calyx.  Capsule 
1  celled,  '2  valved,  witU 
tlic  valves  unequal. 

1.     HiTERNATA.     Vcntciiat. 

T  foliis  bitcrnatis ;  fo-  |       Leaves  biternatc ;  leaC^ 

lets  ovate  cordate,  ob- 
lique,   lobes  incised  and 


tootbed  ;  stem  leatV;  pan- 
icle terminal,  divaricate^ 
witbtbe  flowers  in  spikes^ 


liolis  ovato-coidatis.  ob 
liquis,  inciso-loI)atis,  i]cn 
tatis;  caule  tblioso  ;  i)ani 
cula  terniinali,  divaricalo 
•spicitlora. 

Vent.  Malm. 54.     Pursli,  1.  p.  313. 

Spiraja  aruncus,  var.  b.  hennapluodita.     Mich.  1.  p.  294. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  branching,  angular.  Leaves  a 
little  rougli,  sprinkled  along  tlie  veins  with  a  glandular  pubescence. 
Panicle  axillary  and  terminal.  I'eduncles  pubescent,  short,  with  a 
!incar  stipule  at  the  base  of  each.  Segments  oftlie  ca/j/.r  ovate.  Fe.- 
ials  lih  ir,  much  longer  than  the  caljx.  Stamens  as  long  as  the  pe- 
tals. I..  (//IS  united  at  base.  Styles  short,  intlccted.  Stigmas  oli». 
tuse. 

To  Zaccheus  Collins  F.s(\.  of  Philadelphia,  to  whom  I  owe  manj* 
obligations,  1  am  indebtecl  for  fine  spcciraents  of  this  plant,  with  the 
reference  to  Ventenat  and  Michaux.  There  is  still  some  obscurity 
.ibout  it.  The  capsules,  as  weli  ai  I  can  judge  from  them  in  an  im- 
mature state,  are  precisely  those  of  Saxifraga,  two  beaLed,  opening 
liftwetn  tin*  styles.  The  habit  of  the  plant  however  is  very  tlifferent 
from  any  Saxifraga  with  wliich  I  am  acquainted,  but  to  this  genu* 
it  cannot  belong. 

Found  on  the  Saluda  mountains  by  Dr.  MacbridC)  flowering  as  late 
as  Auirust. 


SAPONAIUA.     Gen.  pl.  r(5'J. 


Cali/x   tubulosus,    nu- 
^is.     Pctnlu  .'j,  un*!;uicu- 
lata.      Cnpsuta    oblonga, 
l-IocuIarr>** 


Calyx  tubular,  naked. 
Petals  5,  clawed.  Cap- 
sule oblong,  1  cellc(K 


b3 


51* 


DECANDRIA    TUlGYNfA. 


4.  Officinalis. 

5.  ralyciiuis   cylindn- |  Calyx*  cylindrical ;  leave's 
cisi  foliis  ovato-lanceolu-  |  ovate  lanceolate. 

tiSf     Sp,  pi.  2.  p.  067.       I 

.Pur^h,  1.  p.  314. 

Boot, perennial,  creeping.  Stems  12 — 18  inches. high,  terete,  gla- 
brous. Lmt'es  opposite,  connate,  entire,  3  nerved,  glabrous.  Flow- 
ers in  clustered  panicles,  white,  tirtge*^!  with  pink,  frequently  double. 

A  foreigi)  plant,  now  completely  naturalized  in  the  upper  districts 
of  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

Flowers  through  the  summer. 


IRIGYKIA, 


TTTCUBALUS.     Gen.  PL;77i; 


Calyx  inflated.  Petals 
5, clawed,  without  a  crown 
at  tlie  throat.  Capsule  3 
celled. 

Pubescent,  erect ;  leave;? 
verticillate  by  fours,  oval 
lancecslate, 
acumination. 


with   a  lon^ 


Calyx  inflatus.  Petala 
5,  un^uiculata,  absque 
cm-ona  ad  faucem.  Cap- 
suja  3-locularis. 

I.        SrELLAriTS. 

C.  pubescens,  erectus  ; 
foliolis       quaterno-verti- 
cillatip,   ovali-lanceolatis, 
longissime  acuminatis. —  , 
Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  686.  I 

Mich.  1   p.  271.     Pursh,  1.  p.  315. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  about  two  feet  high.  Leaves 
remote,  sessile  and  united  at  base  Flowers  in  lax  terminal  pani- 
cles. Partial  peduncles  nearly  an  inch  long.  Calt/x  inflated,  5  part- 
ed, with  the  segments  acuminate.  Petals  obovatc,  somewhat  fimbri- 
ate, white,  with  claws  as  long  as  the  calyx.  Filaments  and  styles  as 
long  as  the  corolla,  very  slender.  Capsule  superior,  globose,  gla- 
brous. 

Grows  in  the  middle  an*!  upper  districts  of  Carolina  in  great  abuff- 
danco  ;  not  fo'md  along  tlie  sea  coast. 

Flowers  June — Aujrust. 


Ji>ECAN|)RlA    TRigVNfA. 


9f9 


SILENE.     Gi:n.  pl   773. 

l'a///.rcvlin(lriciis.  Pe- \  Cv/^r  cvlinclrical.  Pc- 
tala  5,  un2;uiculata,  com-  |  ials  r*,  tli'wd,  cmwii  d 
uatii  a(i  t'uicein.  Capsu-  |  at  the  throat.  Capsule 
la  a-Iocularis.  |  3  celled. 

i.       QtllNQUKVILNEUA. 

S.  hiisuta  ;  fohis  cuiic-  |  irsiite;   leaves  cune- 

ato-ohlongis,  surninis    h-  |  ate    oMong,     tlie     upper 
ncuiil)us  ;   petalis  suhro-  |  ones  linear  ;.pe'als  near- 
tmnlis.inlegcrrimis;  fruc-  I  ly   round,    entire;    fruit 
tit)iis   erectis    alternis  —  |  erect,  alternate. 
Mich.  1.  p.  i7^.  I 

Sp.  pl.  2.  p,  691.     Pursh,  1.  p.  315. 

IMant  8 — 1  j  incliee  iu2;li. divided  fnnn  the  base,  very  hairv.  Leaves 
small,  the  lower  ones  cu.ieate  lanceolate,  t;raduallv  dimiiiishiiig  to- 
waniij  the  bummit  of  tlie  stem  Flowers  axiliarv,  stditarv,  on  sliort 
peduncle*.    Vatah  yniall.  ot"  a  bright  pink  ur.lou:-.  with  the  bolder  pale. 

Grows  near  Mr.  Middleton's,  on  Aihlej  river;  Mr.  Moulins.  Not 
common. 

Flowers 


Stenj  pubescent; leaves 
obovate,  ciliate ;  petals 
large,  fimbriate,  white. 


a.     FiMBRiATA.     Bald. 

S.  caule  pubescente  ; 
foliis  obovatis,  ciliatis  ; 
petalis  niajusculis,  fimbri- 
ati.s,  all)is.     B. 

iS/enj  G— 8  inches  high.  The  two  upper  pair  of  leaves  f'cnerallv 
small,  lanceolate,  pubescent,  blowers  generallj  5,  in  a  terminal 
lascicle. 

A  beautiful  little  plant,  highly  meriting  the  attention  of  the  floriaU 
Bald. 

Grows  in  low  rich  oak  land  on  Flint  river,  near  the  Creek  Ao^ency. 

Fl'juors  April — May.  o  .    j- 

3.      Pr.NNsM.vANicA.     Mirh. 


S.  viscido-pubescens  ; 
foliis  radicalibus  cunea- 
tJ-<.  caalinis  lanreolatis  ; 
liujiiculis  tiichotomis,  ter- 


Tubescenf,  vis(ad  ;  radi- 
cal leaves  cuneate,  i-Wm 
leaves  lanccojate  ;  f>Uni- 
clcs  triciiotonious,  teriiii- 


SI 6  DECANDRIA    TRTGYNlA. 


minalibus  ;   petalis  obtu 
eissimis,  levifer  crenatis. 


nal ;  petals  very  obtuw^j 
sliglitly  creiiate. 


Mich.  1.  p.  272.     Pursh,  1.  p.  316 
S.  Caroliniana,  Walt.  p.  142. 

I?oo«  fibrous,  perennial.  5iem  8— 10  inches  high, divided  from  the  base, 
and  frequently  decumbent.  Radical  leaves  2 — 5  inphes  long  ;  leaYesf 
of  the  stem  connate;  all  entire.  Flowers  in  small,  terminal  panicles. 
Calyx  slightly  ventricose,  with  the  border  5  cleft  and  erect.  Claws 
of  th  petals  rather  lopger  than  the  calyx,  producing,  where  tliey  be- 
gin to  dilate,  a  2  lobed,  coloured  leaflet,  forming  the  crown  which  dis- 
tinguishes this  genus  ;  border  expanding,  obovate.  Filaments  10, 
iongerthan  the  calyx,  5  inserted  into  the  claws  of  the  petals,  5  alter- 
nating with  the  petals,  coaliting  with  them  at  base.  Germ  superior. 
Styles  shorter  than  the  stamens.  Stigmas  simple.  Capsule  3  valved*. 
"Seeds  numerous,  attached  to  a  central  receptacle. 

Var.  a.  rosea  ;  with  the  petals  of  a  beautiful  rose-colour. 
h.  alba  ;  with  the  petals  white. 

Grows — a.  on  the  south  side  of  Ashley  river,  15  miles  from  Charles? 
ton — h.  Bucks  county,  Georgia. 

Flowers  April. 


4.  ViRGINICA. 

5.  viscido-pubesceus ; 
foliolis  oblongo-lanceola- 
tis,  margine  asperis  ;  pan- 
iculis  diohotomis  ;  petals 
bilidis  j  stamiuibus  exer- 
tis. 


Pubescent,  viscid  ;  leaves 
oblong  lanceolate,  with 
the  margin  rough  ;  panir 
cles  dichotornous ;  petalg 
2  cleft  ,*  stamens  exse]> 
ed. 


Sp.  pi.  2,  p.  709.     Mich.  1.  p.  272.     Pursh,  1.  p.  SlG. 
S  Catesbfei,  Walt.  142. 

7ioot  perennial  Stem  generally  erect  and  simple,  12 — 18  inchfS 
Mgh.  Leaves  somewhat  connate,  lanceolate,  acute,  tapering  at  base, 
slightly  fiinged,  a  little  hairy  on  the  under  surface.  Panicle  dicho- 
tornous, compound,  with  a  flower  in  each  division.  Calyx  slightly 
ventricose,  10  nerved.  Petals  obovate,  deeply  2  cleft,  of  a  bright 
crimson  colour.  Stamens  much  longer  than  the  calyx.  Stigmas  ob- 
tuse.    Capsule  ventricose,  3 — 5  valved. 

This  plant  certainly  varies,  with  the  lobes  of  the  petals  entire,  and 
divided  (laciniate.  Walt.)  Yet  I  am  not  certain  that  this  name 
covers  two  species.  Dr.  Muhlenberg's  authority  would  countenance 
this  suspicion.  Willdcnow  however  refers  both  his  S.  Virginica  and 
S.  Catebgei  to  the  same  figure  in  Plukenet,  t.  203.  f  1. 

Grows  on  James'  Island,  and  in  t^it  neighbourhood  of  Charleston> 

!Plo\yers  June — July. 


DECANDniA  TIUCYNIA. 


i^ir 


5.  OvATA.  rursh. 
S.  tblils  OMilo-lanceo- 
latis,  acuniiiKitis,  «i;lal)rius- 
ciilis  ;  raccino  icrniinali, 
composito  ;  culycibus  o- 
Yiitis;  gcnitalibus  cxcrlis; 
caule  simplici.  Puish,  1. 
p.  3iCi. 

Floicn'S  white,  or  pale  red. 

Gro-.\ ".  in  the  western  parts  of  (ieorgia  and  Carolina      Described 
fiom  sjuriuieBs  in  the  herbarium  of  Sir  Joseph  Banks. 


Leaves  ovate  lanceo- 
late, acuminate,  nearly 
smooth  ;  raceme  termi- 
nal, compound  ;  calyx  o- 
vate  ;  stamens  and  styles 
cxscrted ;  stem  simple. 


6.     Antiruiiina. 

S  foliis  anii;usUs,  spa- 
1h ulato-laiueolatis,  cilia- 
ti^  :  panlculis  dicliotomis  ; 
petalis  parvulis,  bilidis  ; 
staminibus  inclusis.     E. 


Leaves  narrow,  spatlm- 
late  lanceolate,  ciliate  ; 
panicles  dichotomous  ; 
petals  small,  3  cleft ;  sla*.- 
mens  included. 


Sp.  pi.  -2.  p.  702.     Walt.  p.  141.     Pursli,  1.  p.  316. 

Annual.  Stem  1 — 2  feet  high,  pubescent  near  the  base,  somefimet 
spotted.  Lower  leaves  spatlailate,  pubescent  along  the  midrib.  Pari' 
iclf  dichotomous,  with  a  flower  in  each  division.  Cabjx  10  ncned, 
nerves  alternately  larger.  Corolla  frecjuently  wanting;  when  present 
small,  white,  2  cleft,  expanding  in  the  evoning.  Stamens  nearly  as 
long  as  tlie  calyx,  5  sometimes  abortive.     Seed  dotted. 

In  our  species  the  capsules  arc  not  distinctly  3  celled,  the  inflect- 
ed margins  of  the  vaUes  arc  connected  at  base  with  the  central  re- 
ceptacle, but  the  partition  rarely  extends  to  the  summit  of  the  cap- 
sule. 

Grows  in  most  soils :  at  Ogcechee  common. 

yiowers  March — April. 

STELLAIUA.     Gen.  pl.  773. 


€ahfx  C-pbyllus,  pa- 
lens.  Fetala  5,  bipartita. 
Capsula  ovata,  l-Iocula- 
ris,  polysperma. 

1.        Pl'BERA. 

S.    pubcscens  ;     foliis 
^essillibusj  ovatis,  ciliali^  j  , 


Cnbix  d  leaved,  ex- 
panding. Petals  5,  two 
parted.  Capsule  ovate, 
1  celled,  many  seeded. 

Pul)esccnt ;  leaves  ses- 
sile, ovate,  ciliate  j   pedi- 


I?18 


liECANDlllA^  fTjRiPl'NlA. 


pedicellis  erectis  ;  petalis     eels  erect ;  petals  longer 
calyce  lougioiibus.    .  than  the  calyx. 

Mich.  1., p.  273.'    Pursh,  1.  p.  317. 

Perennial  ?  Stem  6 — ^12  inches  liigh.  Leaves  sonictimtrs  lanceolate. 
Peduncles  axillary,  solitary,  shorter  than  tlie  leaves.  Jt^eaves  ul"^  the 
ca/^ic  inembra;noufe  along  the  margin'.     P^frifs  white.  •-    •    .' 

Grows  in  shadej  in  rich  soils,  from  l^iinsylvanibj  ttt  CacrdUiiia.j 
fursK.     In  the  western  districts  of  Georgia  J  Dr.  Saldvvjo.  ,  mi,;> 

Flbwiers  May. 


2.  Prostrata.  Bald. 
'''  S,  foliis  oVatis,  acutis, 
glabris  ;  petiolis  longissi- 
inis  ;  caule  prostrato,  cy- 
lindrico,  fistuloso,  dicho- 
tottio,  subpubescente ;  pe- 
ri unoulis  solitariis,  longis ; 
lloribtis  parv.ulis,  heptaii- 
<lris ;  calyce  erecto.     B 


Leaves  ovate,  acute^ 
smooth  ;  petioles  very 
long  f  stem  prostrate,  cy- 
lindrical, hollow,  forkedj 
and  slightly  pubescent  ;^ 
peduncles  solitary,  long; 
flowers  small,  heptan- 
di'ous  ;  calyx  erect- 


Root  fibrous/  aanual.  Stem  slightly  channelled,  prostrate  of  trail- 
"5ng,  1—4  feet  long.  Lower  leaves  sometiiues  heart-shaped,  s^sile. 
jS^flTuenS  generally  7.     B.  ,  ,      .  .     ,  ,    , 

Grows  in  rich,  springy,  land,  on  the  island  of  Fort.  George,  East- 
'Florida. 

Flowers  March— April. 


AREMRIA.     Gen.  pl.  774. 


Calyx  5-phyllus,  pa- 
tens. Petala  i>,  Integra. 
Capsula  l-locularis,  poly- 
«perma. 

1.     Serpyllifolia*. 

A.  caule  dichotomo, 
difFuso  ;  foliis  ovatis,  acu- 
tis, ciliatig ;  calycibus  acu- 
tis, substriatis ;  petalis  ca- 
lyce brevioribus.  Pursh, 
1.  p.  3i7. 

§p.pl.  2.  p.  rsOi,   Mich. J.  p. 


Calyx  5  leaved,  expau- 
ding.  Petals  .5,  entire. 
Capsule  1  celled,  many 
seeded. 

Stem  dichotomou^,  dif- 
fuse ;  leaves  ovate,  acute, 
ciliate  ;  calyx  acute,  stri- 
ate ;  petals  shorter  than 
the  calyx^ 


274?, 


':^.. 


nECA'tmnTA  Tittlc5'\T»tii' 


i4 


Annual,  ^tem  C — fi  jiu'iph  lonjj.  prociiinbent  and  a«surgent,  pu- 
lio^iLMit.  with  tlu- liairs  reflected,  i.^ai'fs  t»p[i()site,  sessile,  sninelimc* 
»( i:iiuiiu<e,  sli;;li»lv  cordate  anti  S  nerved,  liaiiy,  small.  Floweri  suli- 
tM\ ,  in  the  divisions  ot"  the  stem,  sometimes  axillary.  Calyx  hispid, 
the  "two  exterior  leaves  rather  lon^jer  than  the  interior,  twice  or  thrcol 
tim'e*  as  long  as  the  corolla.  Petals  uvrJ,  erect,  white.  Stamens  un- 
equal, shorter  than  the  calyx.  6'<thi  superior.  Styles  as  long  a5 
the  stamens.  .S'h'^mas  simple.  Capsulf  ovate,  clothetl  by  the  per- 
sistent calvxj  5  valved.  Seeds  leniform,  d«ttcd,  attached  to  the  cert* 
ti.il  rt'ccntaclc. 

(irosss  in  dry  pa.«tures. 

Flowers  April — May, 


2.       DlFFIS.-^.       E. 

A.  pubcns  ;  caiile  difTu- 
so.  raiuoso;  foliis  oMoii- 
£:(>-laiiceoIatis,  utiinquc 
acutis  ;  pedunculis  soli- 
taiiis. axillaribus, Ibliis  du- 
plo  longioribus  ;  pctalis 
calyce  multo  brevioribus. 
E. 


Pubescent  ;  stem  dif- 
fuse, branching  ;  leaves' 
oblong  lanceolate,  acute 
at  each  end  ;  peduncles 
solitary,  axillary,  twice  '<X9 
Ion:;  as  the  leaves  ;  pe- 
tals nuith  shorter  thaw 
the  calyx. 


Stf-n  2 — 5  feet  high,  branching,  decumbent,  supporlirtg  itself  oA 

•niftll  giants-;  branchcj*  altornatc,  axillary.  Leaves  entire,  tapering 
at  ba^c.  almost  spatl'ulate.  reduticles  about  an  inch  long,  I  floucreih- 
I<*^avt:3  of  the  rn/j/.i'. ovate,  acute,  persistent,  /'f^a^  oval,  scarcely 
one  third  the  leni^tli  ot  thcjcalyii,  wijltc  Stamens  a^ul  capsule  about 
the  length  of  the  calyx. 

(irowsin  clo*a  (iau^p  soil*. 

Flowers  April — June. 


3.  Canadensis.  Per 
A.q;1abra;  foliis  lineari- 
snbidatis,  carnosis.  inter- 
nodis  lomijioribus;  slipu- 
lis  nienil)ranaceo-conna- 
ti^^.  vaginaniibns  ;  stami-i 
niJ)ns  variuniibiis,  (2 — 5); 
capsulis  ovato-trigonis. — 
E. 

Pers   Syn.  pi.  1.  p.  504.     Parsli 
A.  rubra,  var.  b.    Mich.  1.  p.  27 


soon. 

Glabrous;  leaves  linear 
subulate,  carno^c,  longer 
than  the  iflteniodes  ;  sti- 
pules menibranacf.'uuri 
connate,  sliealhiaa; ;,  sta- 
mens variable,  {2 — 5); 
sules  ovate  trigonou?. 


l.p.510. 


i'l  i.. 


J 


520 


DECANDIIIA    TRIGYNIA. 


Annual.  Stem  5 — 5  inches  long,  procumbent  and  assurgent,  suc-i- 
eulent,  forming  small  tufts,  sometimes  solitary.  Leaves  about  an 
inch  long.  Stipules  1 — 2  lines  long,  with  the  summit  sometimes 
lacerate.  Flowers  axillary,  solitary,  on  short  peduncles.  Leaves  of 
the  calyx  lanceolate,  with  the  margins  membranaceous.  Petals  lan- 
ceolate, about  as  long  as  the  calyx,  of  a  pale  flesh  colour.  Stamens 
half  as  long  as  the  corolla.  Styles  very  short.  Stigmas  glandular^^ 
recurved. 

This  singular  plant  varies  much  in  the  number  of  its  stamens^ 
Michaux  describes  the  Canadian  variety  as  pentandrous.  I  have 
found  it  in  Carolina  uniformly  triandrous ;  iu  Florida  Dr.  Baldwin 
|net  with  it  diandrous. 

Grows  in  brackish  marshes,  Rantowles. 

Flowers  April — May. 


Leaves  subulate  linear, 
expanding  ;  peduncles  l 
flowered,  axillary,  long ; 
petals  emarginate,  much 
longer  than  the  calyx. 


4.     Glabra.     Mich. 

A.  foliis  subulato-li- 
nearibus,  patulis ;  pedun- 
culis  unifloris,  axillaribus, 
elongatis ;  petalis  emar- 
ginatis,  calyce  multo  lon- 
gioribus.     E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  274.     Pursh,  1.  p.  318. 
Stellaria  uniflora,  Walt.  p.  141. 

Stems  erect,  slender,  glabrous,  numerous  from  one  root.  Leave$. 
subulate,  slightly  connate,  much  shorter  than  the  internodes.  Pedun- 
cles as  long  as  the  internodes,  erect.  Leaves  of  the  persistent  calyx 
rather  obtuse.  Petals  twice  or  thrice  as  long  as  the  calyx,  distinctly 
emarginate,  white.     Stamens  a  little  longer  than  the  calyx. 

Grows  in  the  swamps  of  the  Santee  river,  from  Murray's  to  Nel- 
son's Ferry.    Dr.  Macbride. 

Flowers  May. 


5.  SquARRosA.  Mich 
A  foliis  imis  squarroso- 
imbricatis,  canaliculatis, 
glabris ;  caule  nudiuscu- 
lo  ;  paniculis  paucifloris  ; 
petalis  calyce  obtuso  mul- 
to majoribus.  Mich.  l. 
p.  ^73. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  318. 

Ak  Garoliniana,  Walt^  p.  ii^ 


Lower  leaves  squarrose 
imbricate,  channelled,  gla- 
brous ;  stem  naked  ;  pan- 
icles few  flowered ;  petals 
much  larger  than  the  ob^ 
tuse  calyx. 


DECANnHIA    TUIO^NIA. 


531 


Mo<it  |»i'»enn'ul.  .^^^m  C— 10  inches  hit^h,  much  dixMWl  near  tlic 
^a>''.  fonniii^  fliirk  lulls,  hiinpli'  towarU  tlic  summit,  pulichcoat, 
Lravtn  opposite,  crowdeil  jii\iir  tlic  base,  distant  on  tht-  stem.  mjIu- 
latc.  p\r)aiuliiig,  ri;iiil,  ;»Uil)rou!5.  VauuU  ^mall,  terminal,  vvitli  the 
bi.inclics  u»Micrall\  tjitimouH.  Leaves  of  t'^  cal^j:  ovate,  rather  ob- 
tuse, jrlaUrous.  J'ttala  much  loiiger  than  tiic  calyx,  obovatc.  white. 
^Vanf-ws  nearly  as  lui)'4  Hs  the  petals.  Styles  with  the  germ  as  loog 
as  ttio  stamen-^.     C'lpsuU  ovate,  Ioniser  than  tJ\e  calyx. 

(irows  ou  (he  tirv  sand  hills  iu  the  middle  country. 

Flowers  April — J  iie. 


Gla')if)us  ;  loaves  sub' 
ulatit  linear,  ei  eel :  pan- 
icle Tew  llowered  ;  petals 
much  tonger  t'an  the  a^ 
cute  ami  streaked  Cdiyx. 


e.     SriiiCTA.     Midi. 

A.  glal-ia  ;  Ibliis  suI)U- 
iato-iincuiiiuis.  ereclis  ; 
paniiula  paueitiora;  pcta- 
lis  c.ilycc  acutis>inK)  stri- 
atoquo  imilto  longioribus. 
31ich.  1.  p.  ;i74. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  318. 

Itoot  perennial.     Stems  clustered,  erect,  4 — G  iti^iics  high.    L^avti  ^ 
iniue  linear  than  in  the  precedin;^  species,  erect,  and  not  so  much 
crowded  near  the  base.     Leaves  of  the  calijji:  very  acute,  conspiotf- 
oualv  streaked  or  nerved.     Capsule  shorter  r  t-iaii  the  calyx* 

Fouiid  by  Mr.  Lyon,  on  tlie  mountains  ot  Carolinai 

Flowers  Mav— June.     Pursh. 


BRUNNICHI  L     Gf.n.  pi.  777. 


Calif.v  I  leaved,  wlicn 
old  coriaceous,  aiigh-  ',  5 
cl'.-ft.  Cuvolla  0.  r<7;;. 
sill/'  superior,  i  celled,  h 
seeded. 


Cnltfx  i-phyllus,  de- 
ininn  coriaeciiH,  aii2;ula- 
tus.  5-lidu6.  Corolla  0. 
Cupsnla  supeia,  i-locuia- 
ris,  i-.s^)cvrna. 

1.     Ciaiiuosv. 

Micli.  1.  p.  £71.     Purshx  I.  p.   27:. 
Kajaiiia  ovata,  Walt-  p.  247. 

A  perennial  plant,  climbinp;  over  shrubs  and  sanall  trees.  Stem  an- 
:»lcd.  Leaves  alt.'rnatc,  co.date,  acute,  entire,  glal^rous,  on  s'  rt 
petioles.  Floictrs  in  terminal  panicles,  penerailj  turniii)^  to  ooc 
side  oi  tlie  b-.anches  of  the  panicle,  |E;rowin;^  in  ..  all  'liisteii 
{3 — •!)  from  each  bud.  liractea  small,  ovate,  lu-rrmatc,  vorsis- 
tent,  protecting  each  bud      Segments  of  tht;  talyv  uval.    Stamens 


fsd 


DFCANDRIA    TBTRAGYNIA. 


generally  10,  sometimes   8,  rather   longer  tiian  the  calyx.     Stifle's 
as  long  as  the  stamens.     Capsule  generally  4  angled,  clothed  t  y'llie 

I ►ersistent,  ventricose,  almost  woody  calyx,  and  supported  by'adi- 
ated,  curved  peduncle. 

'Uie  ensiform  peduncle,  so  uncommon  and  remarkable  in  this  plants 
is  almost  simple  in  the  flower,  but  dilates  with  the  progressive  ma- 
turity of  the  fruit. 

Grows  at  Fort  Barrington,  on  the  Alatamaha;  Mr.  Lyon.    Louiant 
ville.  Georgia:  Mr.  Jackson.     Carolina}  Walt. 
Fiowers  April — May. 


TETRAGYill 


MICROPETALUM.     P^aisooN. 


Calyx  5-|)hyllus,  pa- 
tens Petola  5,  minuta, 
inttfgra,  vel  nulla.  >^tig- 
m</t(i,  %sessi\i2L.  Capsu- 
in  ovata,  calyce  loiigior, 
4-valvis. 

1.     Lanuginosum. 

M.  dense  pubescens  ; 
foliis  lanceolatis,  in  peti- 
olum  angustatis  ;  pedun- 
culis  subsolitariis,  elonga- 
tis,  denum  leflexis ;  flo- 
rioiis  apetiilis.     Mich. 

Pursh,  1.  p.3l9 

Spergulastrum  lanuginosum,  Mich.  l.p.  275. 

Gn)ws  in  the  mountains  of  Virginia  and  Carolina 
FiowefB  June — July.    JPursh* 


Calyx  5  leaved,  ex. 
pan  ding.  Petals  5,  mi- 
nute, entire  or  wantiitg. 
stigmas  4,  sessile.  ( '«/?. 
sule  ovate,  longer  than 
the  cal>x,  4  valved. 

Closely  pubescent ; 
leaves  lanceolate,  taper- 
ing to  a  petiole ;  pedun- 
cles generally  solitary, 
long,  finally  reflected  j 
flowers   without  petals. 


4)ECANnniA  PENTAGYNIA. 


diS 


PEyrAdVxri. 


SPRUGULA.     Gln.  pl.  708. 


Calyx  ;3  leaved  Pf*^ 
fals  5,  entire.  C'lp^nle 
(j\atc,  1  celled,;!  vaivt;d. 


Cnlifx  S-phyllus.      Pe 
tnia  ij,  inteiiCJ'JU     Ciipmla 
ovatu,    i-loculaiis,    5-va|. 
vis. 

1.  Arvensis. 
S  foljislilifoimibus. ver- 
li«  illatis  ;  paiiicula  dielio- 
tiMna;  |)ediuieulis  iVucti- 
fciis  refiexis ;  seminibus 
reiiilonnihus.  Sp.  pi.  '^, 
p.  8 18 

Walt  p.  241.     Pursh,  I.  p.  320. 

Annual  Stem  erect,  2  feet  high,  glabrous.  Leaves  numerotis  at 
eacii  joint,  generally  shorter  than  tlie  internodes  Panicle  dichoto- 
miiiis.  witli  a  llower  in  each  division  1  urulla  s\hite.  ratlie  lon'^er 
th.m  the  calyx.      CnpSule  nearly  twic   a>  long  as  t'le  r;il_NX. 

(trows  in  cultivated  uirounds,  in  oatfields  uut  uncoinmun. 
otic  becoming  niifurali/.ed.  ^ 

Flowers  April — May. 


I^eaves  filiform,  verti- 
cillate  ;  pani<:le  di<'h  >to- 
inous  ;  peduncles  n'flet;t- 
rd  when  in  fruit  j  seedfi 
reniform. 


An  ex» 


2.     Dkcumbens      E. 

S.  foliis  lineari-sul)ula- 
tis,  oppositis,  •j;labiis  ; 
p*  (luncwlis  axillaribus.so- 
lilariis,  loliis  paulo  longi- 
oribiis  ;  floribus  decaii- 
dris ;  caulc  decunibente. 
E. 

S.  nodosa,  NVult.  p.  241. 
S.  saginuides,  Mich.  1    p.  276. 

Annual.     Stem  bianchin;:.  1 — .1 
Hjse  by  a  locmbranc.    Fednnci^ 


Leaves  linear  subulate, 
opposite,  glabrous  ;  pe- 
duncles axillary,  solitary, 
a  little  longer  than  the 
leaves  ;  flowers  dcr.an- 
droua  ;  stem  decumbent. 


Pursh,  1   p.  320. 

inr!if8  lonn.     leaves  connected  aft 
ii — 4  lines  lunu.    Jilo^rers  ere^f. 


i^94 


Dt^CANDRTA  TENTAGYiriA." 


Calyx  persistent.  Petals  oblong,  obtuse,  a  little  lon5;er  than  the  c.i- 
Jyx,  closing  in  the  evening,  thickened  at  base,  persistent.  Stamens 
as  long:  as  the  calyx,  inserted  at  the  base  of  the  germ.  Styles  very 
short  or  0.  Stigvias  glandular,  expanding.  Seed  very  small,  under 
a  strong  microscope  appearing  a  little  rough. 

Grows  ill  fiehis  and  pastures.     Very  common. 

Flowers  March — April. 


CERASTIUM.     Grn.  pl.  797. 


Calyx  5-phy)lus.  Pe- 
tala  5,  bifida  aiit  emargi* 
iiata.  Capsida  i-lociila- 
ris,  apice  dentalim  dehis- 
ccns. 

1.       Vise  0  SUM. 

C.  hiisutun),  viscosiim, 
difFusum  ;  foliis  lanceo- 
Jato-obiongis,  obtusiuscu- 


]is  ;  petalis  obovatis, 


ca- 


lyce  vix  longioribus  ;  llo- 
ribus  pedimculo  breviori- 
bus. 

Sp.  pl.  2.  p.  812.     Pursh,  1.  p. 

Grows  in  pastures  and  on  old 
Pursh.  • 

Flowers  May —September. 


Calpx  cleaved.  Petals 
5,  2  cleft  or  emarginate. 
Capsule  I  celled,  opening 
and  toothed  at  the  suhu 
mit. 

Hirsute,  viscous,  diiTase  5. 
leaves  oblong,  lanceolate; 
rather  obtuse ;  petals  o. 
bovate,  scarcely  longer 
than  the  calyx ;  flowers 
shorter  than  the  pedun- 
cle. 

520. 
wallsj  from  Canada  tff  Carolinfit- 


2.     Hip.suTUM.     Muhl.  Cat. 


Very  hairy  ;  leaves 
oval,  obtuse,  connate  ; 
flowers  clustered  ;  petals 
'^  cleft,  a  little  longer  than; 
the  acute  calyx. 


C. hirsutissinium ;  foliis 
ovalibus,  obtusis,  conna 
lis  ;  floribus  glomeratis  ; 
petalis  bifidis,  catyce  acu- 
to  paulo  longioribus. 

€.  semidecandrum,  Walt.  p.  241. 

Stem  procumbent,  branching,  fistulous.  Leaves  very  obtuse,  some- 
times obovatc,  obscurely  nerved.  Flouers  in  terminal  clustei's-rone  in 
each  division  of  a  very  dichotomous  panicle.  Calyx  persistent,  witli 
the  interior  margins  membranaceous.  Petals  oblong,  expanding, 
white,  twice  as  long  as  the  stamens,  ^tampas  unequal,  the  short 
ones  opposite  to-  the  long  ores,  alternating  with  the  petals,  all  insert- 


1)H*AX1)RI.\.  VENTAU^NfjL. 


Jf^^ 


eil  at  l\w.  base  nf  the  ^fiin.     Sh/lea  very  short.     Stifcma-i  u;laTi(liilar. 
.Stetl*  olxivale,  iniiriratc,  attacla-tl  iti  fivo  rows  to  a  coutral  rcccytaclE% 

Gfo\v.<  in  ilinip  sniU.      N'crv  common. 

FIowcis  Miicli — Miiv. 


OXALIS.     GcN.  I'L.  7U  r. 


Cdh/x  5  leaved.  Pe^- 
tals  connected  by  claws. 
ISffu.'wns  unequal,  5  extc* 
rior  shorter,  connate  at 
hjisc.  Capsule  opening 
clastically  at  the  angles. 

-  Leaves  ternate  ;  scap& 
manij  Jluwcvcd, 

Steniless ;  sc:vpe  unu 
belUfeious,  lloAvers  nod- 
din";  ;  leaves  ternate,  ob- 
cordate,  glabrous  ;  styles 
shorter  than  the  stamens, 
recurved. 

Mich.  2.p.  39.    Pursh,  I.  p.  322v 

Itnot  bulbous;  bulbs  ctiuposed  of  ovate,  3  ribbe«l,ciliatc  scales,  en- 
dosin;;  in  the  centre  a  transparent  cnrciilnui.  f^itein  0.  Pptiolea  pro- 
c<?crting  f'rnin  betui'cn  the  scales  of  the  bulb.  Leaves  doited,  fre- 
cjucntly  discofourcd.  Vmbels  4 — d  flowered,  several  growinj;  tTor!> 
orip  root.  Lea; OS  of  tlie  cahj.v  lanceolate,  oi)tusc,  marked  at  their 
summits  by  a  deleft,  oran<;P-col(»ured  gland.  Pi-tni'i  obovate,  violet- 
colrmred,  sometimes  slifjhtlv  '•mar;;inate.  *?///»'.«  about  half  as  long 
as  tlie  'itaml■ll^.     ■^'ti;;)itas  '2  cleft,  lUe  divisions  somewhat  globose. 

Grows  in  rich,  clo^e  soils. 

Flowers  March — Mav,  and  sometimes  in  the  autuntn. 


Calff.v  .'j.phyllus.  7V- 
fnln  inii;uil)us  conncxa. 
Stomina  in.T([ualia,  3  i)re- 
viora  cxtcriora,  basi  con- 
iiata.  Capsiila  angulis  e- 
lasiice  dehisccns. 

*  Foliis  tevnath;  scapo 
m  nil  if  or  0. 

\.       VlOLACKA. 

O.  acaulis ;  scapo  um- 
bcllifcro,  floribns  nutanii- 
bus :  Ibliis  ternatis,  ob- 
cordatis,  glahris  ;  stylis 
ft;v;dnibus  brevioribus, 
rcuurvis. 

tSp.  pl.  2.  p.  76G.    Walt.  p.  113 


**  Cnufe.'^crnfes ;  foliis  [       *^-  JHth  stilus  ;  leaves 
ternatis.  obcordatis. 

2.       CORMCULATA. 

().    pubesccns  :    caule 

prostrato  ;  uinbcilis  pcli- 
61  OS  subaequanlibus  ;   pc- 


tcrnatc,  obcordate. 


Pubescent ;  stem  pros- 
trate ;  urnl)els  as  Ions;  as 
the  petioles  3  pcuds  obo- 


J96 


dfcandria  pentagynia* 


stigmas 


talis  obovatis,   Isevissime  vate,  slightly  emarg;inate ; 

eniarginatis  ;  styiis  loiigi-  styles  as  lon^  as  the  in- 

tudine  staminum  inteiio-  terior  stamens 

rum  ;  stigmatibus  obtusis  obtuse. 
E. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  800.     Mich.  2.  p.  S9.     Pursh,  1.  p.  322. 

Stem  branching,  prostrate,  creeping.  Leaves  glabrous  on  the  upper 
surface,  hairy  underneath,  ciliate.  Umbels  axillary,  sometimes  S 
flowered.  Leaves  of  the  ca/z/a:  erect,  obtuse,  ciliate.  CordUt  ?,nm\\er 
than  in  any  other  of  our  species,  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx.  Interior 
stamens  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

Grows  around  Charleston  in  great  abundance  j  is  readily  known 
by  its  prostrate  habit. 

Flowers  February — June. 


3.     Recurva.     E. 

O.pilosa;  caule  erecto ; 
umbellis  folia  superanti- 
bus  ;  petalis  obtusis  ;  sta- 
minibus  calyce  longiori- 
bus  ;  styiis  brevissimis, 
reeurvis;  stigmatibus  sim- 
Xjlicibus.     E. 


Hairy  ;  stem  erect  ^ 
umbels  longer  than  the 
leaves  ;  petals  obtuse  ; 
stamens  longer  than  the 
calyx  ;  styles  very  short, 
recurved ;  stigmas  sim- 
ple. 


Root  perennial  ?  fibrous,  creeping.  Stem  erect,  4—8  inches  highj 
rarely  branching.  Leaves,  as  in  most  of  our  caulescent  species,  altera- 
nate  near  the  base  of  the  stem,  in  verticillate  clusters,  where  it  begins 
to  bear  flowers  ;  Leaflets  deeply  obcordate,  hairy  along  the  margin  and 
on  the  under  surface.  Umbels  axillary,  opposite  and  verticilla  e^ 
2 — 6  flowered.  Petals  obovate,  twice  or  three  times  as  Joni;  as  the 
calyx*  Stamens  all  longer  than  the  calyx.  Styles  not  half  as  long 
as  toe  shorter  stamens,  recurved,  pr(»jecting  between  the  filaments. 

Grows  in  cultivated  land.  Very  common  near  Charleston,  inter- 
mingled with  the  O.  stricta,  with  which  it  has  been  confounded. 

Flowers  April — May. 


4.     Stricta. 

O.  pilosa ;  caule  erec- 
to, raiHOSO  ;  umbellis  pe- 
ticlis  longioribus ;  peta- 
lis obovatis  ;  styiis  longi- 
tudine  staminum  inteiio- 
rum. 

8p.  pi.  £.  p.  800.     Walt.  p.  14S. 


Hairy  ;  stem  erect, 
branching;  umbels  longer 
than  the  petioles  ;  petals 
obovate  ;  styles  as 
as  the  interior  stamens* 


ong 


Mich.  2.  p.  39^  Pwrsh,  1.  p.  52^, 


urrANDRTA  rENTAGVNIA. 


SS.'Y 


Verv  rlosolr  alliiMl  to  the  prorodin;;  sprr'u's  in  appearance  ani 
haliit  '  I'liihels  ver\  j^oiiprally  lontiei  tlian  the  petioles,  2 — (>  and  ft 
llo'.»ir«l.     /'♦'fa/s  obovatc.  Kcnnallv  entire. 

tirowg  in  light  soils.     Very  common. 

Flowers  March — May. 


5.       FuRTArA.       E. 

O  pilosissima ;  caulc 
en  cto,  ramoso  ;  pctalis 
sul»rniari!;inatis  ;  stylis 
longit inline  stamiiuini  iii- 
tciiorimi  ;  stigiualibus 
fujcatis.     E. 


Very  hairy;  stem  erect, 
l)raii(:irmii; ;  petals  slii:;lit- 
ly  cinari;inate  ;  styles  as 
loni;  as  the  interior  sta- 
mens ;  stigmas  forked. 


Runt  perennial,  creeping.  Stem  5 — G  inches  high,  branchinj^  at  the 
base.  Leaves  frequently  by  pairs ;  /co/ff/s  hairy  alonju;  the  marjjia 
and  on  the  un»ler  surface.  Utitbfls  solitary,  one  between  each  pair 
of  leaves,  fre(|uently  2,  sometimes  4 — 6  flowered,  longer  than  the 
leaves.  Pttals  obovate,  very  sliu;litly  eniarginate.  3  times  as  lonLc  as 
the  calyx.  Stamens  united  to  the  miildlc  of  the  filaments.  Styles 
Tarying  a  little  in  length,  but  generally  al)ii:it  as  lonj;  as  the  interior 
stamens.  Stiginas  thickened,  '2  cleft  or  forked.  Capsule  5  annled, 
5  celled,  mucronate,  thickly  clothed  with  horizontal  hairs,  iteeds 
many,  ovate,  attached  to  the  central  receptacle. 

1  have  sometimes  supposed  that  tliis  may  have  been  the  original 
0.  Uillenii,  a  species  which  I  believe  it  will  be  difficult  to  identify. 
None  of  our  species  of  Oxalis,  tiiat  I  have  seen  are  strictly  a»d  uni- 
formly biflorous,  no  one  has  petals  conspicuously  emarginate  We 
possess  probably  many  species  not  yet  described,  for  no  genus  is  more 
extensively  difl'used  over  our  country  than  the  Oxalis,  nor  can  be 
foun  ;  in  a  greater  variety  of  soils.  Two  species  I  have  j|ct«rmined 
b\  « iiaracters  that  appear  to  me  permanent,  but  ill  health  through  two 
suictsbive  springs  nas  prevented  me  from  continuing  the  investiga*- 
ti«(n. 

Grows  in  close  soils. 

Flowers  March — May. 


C      Lyoni      Pursh. 

O.  sericeo-pilosa;  caule 
janioso, decumbente;  |)e- 
diMiculis  hifloris,  petiolis 
I  ri^iorihus  ;  foliis  terna- 
tis.  l)iloljo-obcordutis ;  la- 
ciniis  rotiindatis,  divari- 
Cjitis  3    pctuiis  cunealis  -, 


Covered   with   silken 

hairs  ;  stem  branching;, 
decumbent ;  peduncles  2 
flowered,  lonjijer  than  the 
petioles ;  leaves  ternate, 
olui^rdate,  z  lobed  ;  seg- 
ments round,  divaricate; 


0§8 


•DBCANDIilA  PENTAGINIA. 


capsulis  tomeiUosis,  ca- 
lyce  lanceolato  duplo  lon- 
gioribus.  Pursb,  l .  p.  3^:3. 


petals  cuneate ;  capsuleg 
toinentose,  twice  as  long 
as  the  lanceolate  calvx. 


The  same  remark  will  apply  here  wliich  was  «iade  rospcctiQ<»  0. 
Dillcnii.  It  will  be  difficult  to  identify  <his  species.  It  iuis  no  char- 
acter to  distinguish  it  from  the  O.  stricta,  exce])t  its  biiiorous  umbelj^ 
•■^vhich  is  probably  an  inconstant  feature. 

Grows  in  Cumberland.  Described  f.  om  sp6ciiTi«i«  in  the  herbariuir* 
of  the  late  Mr.  Lyon. 

Flowers  Mfiy — June, 

PENTHORUM.     Gcn.  pl.  790. 


Calyx  5  cleft.  Petals  9., 
or  5.  Capsule  ft  pointed, 
5  celled. 


Stem  branching,  angled 
above  ;  leaves  lanceolate, 
nearly  sessile,  doubly  ser- 
rate ;  spikes  simple,  se- 
cund,  recurved,  panicledj 
seeds  scrobiform. 


Calyx  5-fidus.    Peiala 
thaut  5.     Capsula  3-cus 
pidata,  5-1  ocularis. 

1.     Sedoides. 

P.  caule  ramoso,  su- 
perne  angulato  ;  foliis 
lanceolatis,  subsessilibus, 
duplicato-serratis  ;  spicis 
simplicibus,  secundis,  re- 
€urvis,  paniculatis ;  semi- 
nibus  scrobiformibus. 

6p.  pl.  2.  p.  770.    Walt.  p.  241.    Mich.  1.  p.  278.    Pursh,  1.  p.  S23. 

Stem  1 — 2  feet  high,  terete  near  the  base,  sprinkled  with  glandular 
liairs.  Leaves  alternate,  glabrous,  Flon-ers  in  terminal  panicles, 
the  spikes  generally  alternate,  sometimes  clustered.  Culya^  persis- 
tent; the  segments  ovate,  serrate,  expanding.  Corolla  generally 
wanting.  Stamens  longer  than  the  calyx,  inserted  at  the  base  of  the. 
germ.  Germ  superior,  depressed  in  the  centre,  with  tiie  margin  di-. 
Tided  into  5  pistilliferous  summits.  Htyles  as  long  as  the  stamenSj 
.persistent. 

Grows  in  wet  places,  ponds,  ditches,  &lg. 

FJowers  June — September^ 

SEDUM.     Gen.  pl.  789. 


Calyx  .5-fidus.  Petala 
6.  Squamsenectariferse  .5 
ad  basin  germinis,  Cap- 
%ul(e  5* 


Calyx  5  cleft.  Petals 
5.  5  nectariferous  scales 
at  the  base  of  the  genu. 
Capsules  5. 


nCCANDWIA  rENTAG\TJlA, 


629 


4.V'    P''LCHKi  LUM,     M'n:h. 


S.  2;lal)rum  :    <  uuliinis 
ftssuri;cntil)us ;  Ibliis  spar- 
sis,    lint\jiil)us.    ol)tiisis  ; 
cyiwd  polysiiicliyu  ;  llixi 
bus  scssililjus,  oclandris. 


G^al»''nus;  stems  a«s\ir. 
ji;ent  ;  Icavps  scattered, 
liiuar.  o'nusc  ;  c>me  ma- 
ny sj)ike'l  ;  flowers  ses- 
*<ile,  octandn^us. 


Mich.  1.  p.  err.     I'ursli,  1.  p.  323. 

Lower  leavPi  ohlonu;  oval.  Spikes  when  in  flower  expandin{»;  and 
recurved,  when  bearing  fruit  erect.  Flowers  nttaiidrouh,  purple 
Mich. 

<irowg  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina.     Dr.  Muhlenberg. 

Flowers 


2.     Teunatum.     INlicli. 

S.  repens  ;  foVus  planis, 
iolundato-sj)alhulatis,ier- 
iiis  ;  cyma  sul)tristacliya  ; 
lloribiis  alhidis. 


Creepina;  ;  leaves  flat, 
round  sputhulate,  by 
threes  ;  cyme  generally 
3  spiked  ;  flowers  white. 


Mich.  1.  p.  277.     Pursh,  1.  p.  324. 

Plant  small,  creeping.  Lower  leaves  rounded,  the  upper  lanceolate, 
F/ou'ers  v\liite,  sessile  ;  the  upper  or  teuninal  tloiet  decandrous,  the 
otiiers  octandrous. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  Carolina. 

Flowers  May — June. 


3.     TELEiMiioinES.     Mich. 


S.  foliis  lato-lanceola- 
tis,  utiinque  acutis,  den- 
tatis  i  corymbis  multiflo- 
ris. 


Leaves  broad  lanceo. 
late,  acute  at  each  end, 
'Iciitate  ;  corymbs  many 
Uusvered. 


Mich.  L  p.  277.     Pursh,  1.  p.  324. 

Stem  branching:.  leaves  alternate,  sometimes  oval.  Coy'imb^  ter- 
minal, niany  parted,  tlie  divisi<»ns  sitort,  forming  a  compact,  almobt 
globular  corvinb.      Corolla  pale  purple. 

(irows  on  ilie  Saluda  mountains.     Dr.  Macbride. 

Flowers  June — August. 

DIAMORPIIA.     NuTTALL. 
Cr7^/.T4-fidus.    Pctala 


4,    Capsula  exteruc  de- 

T  3 


Cahjx  A  cleit.     Petah 
4.     Capsidt  opening  ex- 


530 


DSeANDRlA    DECAGYNIA* 


hiscens,  4-locularis,  cus- 
pidata;  loculis  sub4<-sper- 
mis. 


ternally,  4  celled,  cuspi- 
date ;  cells  generally  4 
seeded. 


i.     PusiLLA.     Nuttall,  1.  p.  293. 

Sedum  pusillum,  Mich.  1.  p.  276.     Pursli,  1.  p.  323* 

Annual.  Stem  2 — 4  inches  high,  succulent.  Leaves  alternato, 
somewhat  terete.  Cymes  trichotomously  or  verticillately  divided 
from  the  base  of  the  stem.  Flowers  alternate  and  pedicillate,  octan- 
drous.  white.  Capsules  4,  connate,  with  long  mucronate  diverging 
points.     Nuttall 

Grows  on  the  Flat  Rock  near  Camden^  South-Caroling, 

Flowers 


DECAGYMJl, 


PHYTOLACCA.  Gen.  pl.  800. 


Calyx  0.  Petals  5,  re? 
sembling  a  calyx.  5^r- 
7'?/ superior,  IQ  celled,  10 
seeded. 

Leaves  ovate  lanceo- 
late, acute  at  each  end  5 
flowers  decandrous^  de- 
cagynous. 

Mich.  1.  p.  278.    Pursh,  l.p.324. 

Root  large,  somewhat  fusiform,  perennial.  Stem  annual,  4 — 10  feet 
high,  terete,  glabrous,  succulent,  sometimes  a  little  angled  by  the  slig4it- 
Ij  decurrent  peduncles  and  petioles.  Leaves  alternate,  entire,  some- 
times acuminate,  glabrous,  glossy  on  the  upper  surface.  Flowers  in 
simple  racemes,  opposite  the  leaves.  Petals  ovate,  white,  persistent. 
Stamens  nearly  as  long  as  the  corolla.  Anthers  white.  Germ  supe- 
rior, orbicular,  depressed,  furrowed.  Styles  very  short,  reflected^ 
Stigmas  obtuse.     Berry  globular,  juicy,  dark  purple. 

Grows  in  cultivated  ground.     Very  common. 

Flowers  May— September.  "  Poke  Berry. 


Calvxo.  Petala  5,  C2i' 
lycina.  Bacca  supera,  lO- 
locularis,  lO-sperma. 

1.       Dt.CANDRA. 

p.  foliis  ovato-lanceo- 
lis,  utrinque  acutis  ;  flori- 
bus  decandris,  decagynis. 

Sp.  pl.  2,  p.  822.    Walt,  p   143. 


VODECANDRIA  MONOCYNIA. 


531 


CLASS  XL 


DODKCANDRIA. 


001.  AS  A  RUM. 

502.  BKJARIA. 

503.  DECUMAKIA. 


304.  PORTrL\CCAi 

305.  TALIM  M. 

D1GTMA. 

506.  AGRIMONIA, 


ASARUM.     Gen.  pl.  801. 


Caliix  3 — 4-fidus,  ger- 
miiii  insidens.  Corolla 
0.  Anthercc  lateribus  fila- 
nicDlonim  adnata;.  Cap- 
sula  covoiuita,  6-locularis. 

i.       C  ANA  DENSE. 

A.  foliis  lato  reniform- 
ibus,  gcminalis  ;  calyce 
lanato,  profunde  triparti- 
to,  laciniis  sul)lanceolatis, 
reflcxis.    Mich.  i.  p.  279. 


Calyx  3 — 4  cleft,  sit- 
ting on  the  germ.  CoroU 
la  0.  Anthers  attached 
to  tJie  sides  of  the  fila- 
ments. Capsule  crown- 
ed, 0  celled. 

Leaves  by  pairs,  broad, 
reniform  ;  calyx  woolly, 
deeply  3  parted,  segments 
nearly  lanceolate,  reflect- 
ed. 


Sp.  pl.  2.  p.  838.     Pursh,  2.  p.  596. 
A.  Carolinianum,  Walt.  p.  143. 

Boot  perennial.  Stem  0.  Leaven  generally  2,  hairy,  the  summit 
becoming  very  obtuse  or  even  emarj^inate  with  age.  Fetiulet  long, 
very  hairy.  Peduncles  short,  1  flowered.  Flower  somewhat  cam- 
panulate. 

The  leaves  appear  to  vary  ia  their  pubescence. 

(ttows  in  rich,  shaded  soils. 

Flowers  April.  Wild  Ginger. 


3^^ 


DODECANDRIA  MONOGYNlAv* 


2.      VlRGINlCUM. 

A.  foliis  solitariis,  ro- 
tundato-cordatis,  glabris, 
coriaceis  ;  flore  subsessi- 
li ;  calyce  extus  ^labto, 
breviter  campaMulato. — 
Mich.  1.  p.  ^79. 

Sp.  pi.  2  p.  838.     Pursh,  2. 


Leaves  solitary,  cot- 
date,  nearly  round,  gla- 
brous, coriaceous ;  flower 
nearly  sessile  ;  calyx  ex- 
ternally glabrous,  shorty 
campanulate. 


2  p.  838.     Pursh,  2.  p.  597. 

Very  similar  in  habit  to  the  preceding;  species.     Leaves  spotted  (ft 
rather  clouded,  and  handsomely  variegated. 
Grows  in  shaded,  rocky  soils. 
Flowers 


3.     Arifolium.     Mich. 

A.  foliis  subhastato-cor- 
datis ;  calyce  urceoiato, 
limbo  trifido,  connive nte, 
intus  pubescente.     E. 


Leaves  somewhat  has'- 
tate,  cordate  ;  calyx  urce» 
olate.  with  the  border  3 
cleft,    conniving,   pubes-- 
cent  within. 


Mich.  1.  p.  280.     Pursh,  S*^.  597. 
A.  Virginicum,  Walt.  p.  143. 

Soot  tuberous,  creeping,  thick.  Leaves  several  from  each  roofy 
generally  acute,  the  youug  ones  pubescent  on  the  margins  and  under 
surface,  variegated.  Petioles  long,  pubescent.  Flowers  just  rising 
to  the  surface  of  the  ground.  Calyx  dark  purple.  Filaments  12, 
very  short.  Anthers  2  lobed,  linear,  attached  to  the  sides  of  the  fila- 
ments ;  lobes  distinct.  Germ  occupying  the  bottom  of  the  calyx, 
thick,  cylindrical,  concave  at  the  summit.  Styles?  six,  eiect,  at- 
tached to  the  margins  of  the  germs,  scarcely  longer  than  the  stamens. 
6ffigma  obliquely  truncate,  2  horned.  Capsule  coriaceous.  Seeds 
few  in  each  cell,  attached  to  a  central  receptacle. 

This  species,  which  I  have  most  carefully  examined,  appears  to  mo 
evidently  hexagynous. 

Grows  in  fertile,  loose  soils.     Very  common* 

Flowers  March — April. 


BEJARIA.     Gen.  pl.  811. 


Calyx  7-fidus.  Petala 
*f.  Stnmi?ia  14.  Capsula 
7-locularis,  polyspenna. 


Calyx  7  cleft.  Petals 
7.  Stamens  14.  Cap^ 
side  7  celled,  mauy  seed- 
ed,.. 


t)ODECANnntA  iflONOGTMI^ 


53» 


T.cavrs  ovate  lanceo- 
lat(?,  a;lal)rous;  flowers  ra- 
cemose paniculate,  termi- 
nal ;  stem  hlspitl. 


1,     Uackmosa. 

TR.  foliis  ovato-lanceo- 
Jatis,  tijlalMls  ;  n()ri!)us  ra- 
cemoso-paniciilaiis,  tcr- 
minalibiis  :  caulc  hispi- 
clo. 

Pnrsh,  2.  p.  362. 

Befaria  paniculata,  Mich.  I.p.  !2S0. 

A  veiy  hanilsome  shrul),  3 — I  feet  higli,  erect,  branchinjr,  hispiit 
anil  {glutinous.  Leaves  perennial,  alternate,  erect,  very  eniiie,  a  lit- 
tle liispiil  on  the  midrib,  glaucous  on  the  under  surface.  Calyx' 
campanulate  ;  sp;:;nients  very  short.  Flowers  lart;e,  white,  tingeil 
with  red,  in  Uma;  simple  racemes,  on  peduncles  nearly  an  inch  long  ; 
in  vigorous  plants  the  raceme:^  brancli  and  become  paniculate.  Petals 
obovate.  Stamens  nearly  as  long  as  the  petals,  tityle  persistent- 
Capsitlr  globular,  7  valved,  7  celled.     Mich. 

Grows  in  «lry,  sandy  soils.  Cumberland  island,  Georgia.  In  gar- 
dens arounil  Charleston,  where  it  has  been  frequently  introduced,  it 
never  flourishes. 

Flower*  June — Jul  v. 


DECUMARIA.     Gen.  pl.  81  J. 


Cnlif.r  ?ii perns,  8 — 12- 
tiiUis.  'Prtala  8—15.  Cap- 
mla  7 — lO-locularis,  po- 
lyspcrma. 

i.       B\RnAR\. 

1).  foliis  ovato-ohlon- 
2;is,  utriiique  acutis,  of)- 
solcte  serratis.  Wilkl. 
enum.  p.  5»6. 

S'p.  pi.  2.  p.  850.     Pursh,  1.  p.  3-28. 

Stem  climbing.  Flowers  in  corymbose  panicles,  white,  very  fra- 
grant.    Punih. 

This  species  I  have  never  seen.  All  of  the  plants  and  specimens 
T  have  examined  belong  to  the  D.  sarinentosa. 

Grows  in  Carolina.     Pursh. 

VI overs  July — August". 


Calyx  superior,  8 — IC 
cleft.  Petals  H — 12.  Capm 
sub;  7 — 10  celiccl,  many 
seeded. 

Leaves  ovate  ohronc^, 
acute  at  each  end.  sliglit- 
Iv  serrate. 


£r34 


DODECANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


Leaves  ovate,  acute, 
rounded  at  base,  serrate 
at  top. 


328, 


154. 


2.  Sarmentosa. 

D.  foliis  ovatis,  acutis, 
basi  rotundatis,  apice  ser- 
ratis.  Willd.  enum.  p. 
165. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  850.  Pursh,  1  p. 
D.  Forsythia,  Mich.  1.  p.  282. 
Forsythia  scandens,  Walt.  p. 

Stem  climbing,  throwing  out  radicles  and  attaching  itself  to  the 
bark  of  trees,  which  it  ascends  to  a  considerable  height.  Leaves  op- 
posite, on  long  petioles,  broad,  sometimes  acuminate,  sprinkled  with 
hairs  on  the  under  surface.  Flowers  in  terminal  corymbs.  Calyx 
turbinate  ;  segments  very  minute,  acute.  Petals  much  longer  than 
the  calvx,  narrow,  white.  StamettS  as  long  as  the  corolla,  inserted 
at  the  summit  of  the  tube  of  the  calyx.  Style  short,  very  thick. 
Stigma  obtuse  angled. 

Grows  in  damp  rich  soils,  along  the  margin  of  swamps. 

Flowers  May — June. 


PORTULACCA.     Gen.  pl.  824. 


Calif X  2  cleft.  Petals 
5.  Capsule  1  celled,  cir- 
cumscissed. 

Leaves  wedge  shaped  j 
dowsers  sessile. 


Calyx  2-fidus.  Petala 
5.  Capsula  1-locularis, 
circumscissa. 

1.     Oleracea. 

P.  foliis  cuneiforuiibus; 
floribus  sessilibus.  8p, 
pl.  2.  p.  859. 

Walt,  p,  144.     Pursh,  2,  p.  365. 

Annual.  Stem  succulent,  prostrate,  with  the  summits  erect,  terete, 
branching,  very  glabrous.  Leaves  alternate  and  opposite,  obovate^ 
very  obtuse,  succulent,  dotted,  very  glabrous,  generally  of  a  purple 
tinge  on  the  under  surface,  nearly  sessile.  Flowers  axillary,  sessile, 
clustered,  supported  at  base  by  a  small  membranous  leaf.  Calyx  su- 
perior, deeply  2  cleft,  persistent,  closing  after  the  flower  decays ; 
the  back  of  the  segments  compressed,  petals  obovate,  emarginate, 
yellow,  longer  than  the  calyx,  persistent.  Stamens  12,  shorter  than 
the  corolla.  Style  as  long  as  the  stamens,  5  cleft.  Stigmas  obtuse, 
glandular.  3ee$s  numerous,  rough,  somewhat  reniform,  unequal  at 
base. 

Grows  every  where  in  rich  soils ;  one  of  the  domestic  plants  that 
appear  to  accompany  man  in  most  climates. 

Flowers  May— October.  Purslane^ 


UODECANDRIA    DIGYNIA. 


535 


TALINUM.     Adanson. 


€!nJ!/x  infrrus,  2 — 5- 
pliyllus.  t'rtalu  5.  Cap- 
snla  1-Iocularis,  3-valvis, 
polysperrua.  Heccptacu- 
liim  globosum.  Semina 
arillata. 

i.   Tehetifolium. 

T  ?  foliis  teictibus,  sut)- 
ulati?,  carnosis  ;  scapo 
cymoso  ;  floribus  pedun- 
culatLs,  poly  and  lis  ;  ca- 
lyce  diphyllo.  Nuttall,  ;3. 
p.  6. 

Pursh,  2.  p.  365. 

Root  perennial,  forming  small  toft'?.  Leaves  alternate,  crowded, 
terete,  linear,  carnosc,  glabrous.  Scapes  f  about  a  foot  liigh,  some- 
what corymbose.  Flowers  solitary,  on  short  peduncles  in  the  tlivi- 
sionsofthe  corymb.  Calyx  2  leaved.  Petals  5,  much  longer  than 
the  calyx,  purple.  Stamctu  shorter  than  the  corolla.  Gi-rm  globose. 
Styles  as  lt)ng  as  the  stamens.  Stigmas  2  ?  Capsule  globose,  3  valr- 
id.     Seeds  spiral,  involute. 

Gro.vs  on  rocks.     Athens,  Georgia;  Mr.  Green. 


Cabfx  inferior,  S — 5 
1  raved.  Petals  5.  Cap- 
sule 1  coiled,  3  valved, 
many  seeded.  Receptacle 
globose.    iSceds  arillatc. 


Leaves  terete,  subu- 
late, carnosc ;  scape  cy- 
niose  ;  {lowers  on  pedun- 
cles, polyandrous  ;  oalyx 
2  leaved. 


DIGYNIA, 


AGRIMONIA.     Gen.  pl.  830. 


Calyx  inferus,  5-fidus, 
caJyculo  obvallatus.  Pe- 
tala  5.  Semina  2,  in  I'uii- 
do  calycis. 

1.        ErPATORlA. 

A.  hirsuta  ;  folii^  inter- 
ruptc  pinnalis  j  fuiiolis  o- 


Calyx  inferior,  5  cleft, 
surrounded  with  a  caly- 
clc.  Petals  5.  Seeds  2, 
in  the  bottom  of  the  calyx. 

Hi?'sute;  leaves  inter- 
ruptedly pinnate ;  leaflets 


^36 


1)0DEC\NDRIA  DIGYNIA. 


vali!)u«,  dentais,  supra 
scabii&=,  subtus  vi  los  s  ; 
spicis  virgatis  ;  IVuctibus 
turbinatis,  basi  l?evibus. — 
E. 


oval,  dentate,  scabroua 
on  the  upper,  villous  on 
the  lower  surl'ace ;  sj)ikes 
virgate  5  IVuit  turbinate, 
smooth  at  base. 


Sp.pl  2  p.  875.     Mich.  1.  p.  287.     Pursli,  1.  p.  335. 

Root  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous,  abojut  2  feet  hisjh,  hirsute. 
Leajlets  generally  5 — 7,  oval  when  fully  grown,  frequently  lanceolate 
when  young,  ribbed,  sessile  and  rather  obtuse  at  base,  alternating 
with  small,  3  cleft  leaflets.  Spikes  long,  slender,  terminal  and  axilla- 
ry, sometimes  forming  panicles.  Flowers  on  very  short  peduncles. 
Calyx  striated  at  base,  thickly  surrounded  just  below  tiie  border  with 
tlnck,  hooked  bristles.  Tetals  yello>v,  oval,  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx. 
Stamens  12,  shorter  than  the  corolla.  Germ  superior,  surrounded  by 
the  persistent  calyx.  Styles  2,  shorter  than  the  stamens.  Stigma^ 
capitate  ;  pericarp  composed  of  the  tube  of  the  calyx,  hispid  around 
the  summit. 

Grows  in  cultivated  land.     Very  common. 

Flowers  July — .September. 

2.       SUAVEOLENS?      Pui'Sh, 


A.  caule  hispidissimo ; 
foliis  interrupte  pinnatis ; 
foliolis  plurimis,  angusto- 
lanccolatis,  argute  denta- 
tis,  supra  scabris,  subtus 
pubescentibus ;  spicis  vir- 
gatis ;  fructibus  turbinatis, 
basi  isevibus.     E. 


Stem  very  hispid ;  leaves 
interruptedly  pinnate  ; 
leaflets  numerous,  nar- 
row, lanceolate,  acutely 
dentate,  scabrous  on  the 
upper,  pubescent  on  the 
under  surface  ;  spikes 
virgate  ;  fruit  turbinate^ 
smooth  at  base. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  336. 

Stem  4 — 5  feet  high,  very  hispid.  Leajlets  numerous  (11 — 15), 
acute  at  base,  with  3 — 5  small  leaflets  of  unequal  sizes  interposed  be- 
tween the  large  ones.  Peduncles  longer  than  those  of  the  preceding 
species.    6'oroWft  yellow,  about  twice  as  long  as  the  calyx. 

Grows  about  6  miles  from  Charleston  ?  Collected  on  the  confijiea 
of  Tennessee  and  Carolina,  by  Mr.  Jackbon. 

JFlowers  July— August. 


i^SANDRlA  MONOGYNU. 


637 


CLASS  XIL 


ICOSANDRIA. 

MoyoGTjyLi. 

317. 

sKsrviuM^ 

318. 

A  i<iSl\. 

►njor.  (ACTUS. 

319. 

PYRUS. 

"S08.  PHILADKLPHUS. 

3-20. 

SPIRAEA. 

JOO.  CHRYS()BALANUS„ 

?21. 

GILI.ENIA. 

-310.  PRUNUS. 

Sll.  DECODOX. 

POLYGY^^U: 

SI  a.  LY  THRUM. 

313.  CUPIIEA. 

322. 

RO.SA. 

323. 

Rl^BUS. 

DI-~PE,VTJi  G  FJVLl, 

324. 

I)ALlB\Rn4;. 

325. 

GEUM. 

314.  FOTHERGILLA.. 

326. 

POTENTII,L.\, 

•3 1  J.  CRATAEGUS. 

327. 

FKAGARIA 

316.  SORBUS. 

328. 

CALYCANTHIS?, 
•  ••  t 

CACTUS.     Gen.  pl. 


^ahjx  supeius,  mono- 
phyllus,  inihricatus.  Pc- 
tala  pliiiiina,  mulliplici 
serie  inserta.  Stigma 
multifidiini.  Bacca  i-lo- 
cularis,  polysperma. 

1.     Opunfia. 

C.  articulato-prolifer  ; 
arliculis  compressis,  obo- 
vatis  ;  spinis  setaceis. — 
Sp.  pl.  2.  p.  943. 


Cabjx  superior,  monor 
pliyllous.  imbricate.  Pe- 
tals numerous,  inserted 
in  several  rows.  Stig- 
ma many  cleft.  Berry  i 
celled,  many  seeded. 


Articulately  proliferous; 
articulations  comprcssod^ 
ol^ovatc  ;  spines  setaccr 
ous. 


Walt.  p.  146.    Mich.  I.  p.  282.    Pursh.  1.  p.  327.    Nutt.  1.  p.  29G. 

Plant  p<'rennial,  erect,  procumbent  or  prostrate  ;  articul.  tinns  |)ro.- 
duciDC  on  their  niargins  flowcra,  iVuit,  and  new  articulations.  arintMl 
Nvith  double  spines,  some  long,  subulate,  strong,  hairy  at  their  ba>c, 
others  very  small  and  setaceous.  Fluwfrs  sessile,  vcllow.  Fniit 
obovate,  umbilicatc,  pulpy,  eatable.  Sends  uumerouj,  immersed  in 
the  crimson  pulp. 

It  is  probable  that  there  are  now  three  di'itinct  species  on  the  sea 
i^.st  of  the  Southern  States  covered  un-icr  thrs  nainc.     T^  the  3U0- 

V  3 


^S6 


leOSANDRIA    MONOGYVJA. 


plement  to  this  work,  if  I  should  be  permitted  to  complete  it,  tli*  in- 
ciuiiy  sliall  be  resumed. 

Grows  in  sandy  soils. 

Flowers  through  the  summer. 


PHIL/VDELPHUS.  Gen.pl.810    Bot. Mag.  1478. 

Califx  superior,  4 — B 

parted.        Petals     4- -.5* 

Style   4  cleft.      Capsule 

4 — 5  celled,  many  seed- 

[  ed. 


Leaves  ovate,   acumi- 


nate,   entire 


segments 


Calyx  superus,  4 — 5- 
partitus,  Pt^tala  4 — n. 
tStiftus  4-fidus.  apsida 
4 — 5-locularis,  poiysper- 
nia. 

1.    Inodorus. 

P.  foliis  ovatis,  acumi 
natis,  inte?;eriimis ;  caly- 
cis  laciniis  acutis  ;  stylo 
staminibus  longiore,  indi- 
viso  ;  sti|2;matihu8  qua- 
tuor,  oblongis.  Pursli,  1. 
p.  3^y. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  948.     Walt.  p.  146. 

A  handsome  shrub.  Leaves  very  entire,  strongly  veined, 
an  short  lateral  branches,  terminal,  generally  by  threes 
large,  white. 

This  species  is  certainly  rare.  No  botanist  has  lately  seen  it  in 
our  woods,  nor  have  1  been  able  to  discover  a  specime-n  of  it  in  the 
various  collections  of  dried  plants  which  have  passed  under  my  in- 
spection. 

Grows  along  the  margins  of  rivers  in  Carolina.     Catesby,  Pursh.' 

Flowers 


of  the  calyx  acute  ;  style 
undivided,  longer  tlian 
the  stamens  ;  stigmas  %- 
oblong. 


Flowers 
Corolla 


2.     Grandiflorus.     Willd. 


P.  foliis  ovatis,  acumi- 
natis,  denticuLitis,  parce 
pilosis  ;  calycis  laciniis 
acuminatis  ;  stylo  stami- 
nibus longiore,  iudiviso  ; 
stigmatibus  quatuor,  li- 
nearibus.  Willd.  Enum. 
511. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  329. 

P.  iaodorus.    Mich,  1.  p,  383* 


Leaves  ovate,  acumi* 
nate,  denticulate,  a  little 
hairy  ;  segments  of  the 
calyx  acuminate  ;  style 
undivided,  longer  thaa 
the  stamens  5  stigmas  4'* 
linear. 


ICOSAKDRIA  MOVOGWIA. 


630 


A  dtirub-e — 10  feet  hi'^h,  tl»e  voung  biaiiches  long  aid  flexible  :  the 
^o'ver-lH'arine  branches  short,  rittid  ;  all  j;labrous  and  sli^iiti)  angled. 
i^ntifn  opp«»hite,  on  »lw»rt  |)«tioleb.  stroii|;iy  veined,  hairy  on  both 
:iurf4cet,  very  Uairy  on  t!ie  under  nurface  at  tl»o  division  ol  the  veins. 
Fincfvs  terminal,  neneraJiy  by  threes,  ialyx  persistent,  the  mar- 
gins finely  viMi»us.     i'uroUa  white,  lar-^e,  twice  as  long  as  the  htamens. 

A  very  ornamiMiful  plant,  (imws  alon^  thi*  margniH  *>f  the  riven 
in  'he  upper  part  of  Cj.yrgU  and  Caioiiiuu  Ne*r  Columbia  common  J 
51r    llerltemt'Mt. 

Flowers  April — May. 

CHRYSOBALANUS.     Gen.  pl.  850. 


C^/j/j  irjftM'us.coiupan- 
Shjlus  lateralis.  iJrujuc 
nux  .5-sulcuta,  5-valvis, 
l-sperma. 

I  OBLoNt.IFOUr?. 


Calif.r  inffM'ior,  ram- 
panulatc.  5  cleft.  /V/a/s 
i'}.  ^tijlf  lateral.  Nut 
of  the  drupe  5  furrowed, 
.3  valved,  i  seeded. 
Mich. 


C>  foliis  ()ltl()n2;()  Ian    •       Leaves  oblong  lanceo. 


late,  cuncale  at  base,  en- 
tire, glabrous aud  shining; 
(1. )  we  IS  paniculate  ;  fruit 


oblong. 


ceolatis,  basi  cuncatis,  in. 
tejrerrinjis.  glal)ri8  niti- 
di*;que  ;  floiibus  |)anicu- 
Jaiis  ;  fructil)us  oliongis. 
E. 

Mich.  1.  p.  283.     Purah,  1.  p.  329. 

Root  creepin:^  extenkively.  Stem  shrubby,  1 — 2  feet  hi-rh,  ^ith  few 
branches.  Leaven  sessile,  strongly  veined,  :loss\ ,  paler  on  tf  un- 
der surlace.  Flowers  in  terminal  panicles,  small,  whitt.  {Stamens 
glabrous      Micii.) 

Micfiaux  observs  that  it  varies  with  tlie  leaves  wo<»lly  and  hoary 
on  the  under  surface.  All  that  I  have  seen  have  bten  very  ujlabrous. 
The  fruit  I  have  never  seen. 

Grows  near  Fort  Barrington  on  the  Alatamaha.  Near  Louisville, 
Georgia.     Mr.  Jarkson. 

Flower:.  May — June. 

PRUNUS.     Gen.  pl.  849. 


CaJjfx  inferus,  carn- 
panulatus,  rj-lidus,  deci- 
duns.  Prtalfi  .s.  Driipcr 
la* vis  nux  euiuris  pronii- 

QUlls. 


Caljix  inferior,  com- 
paiiulalo,  o  cleft,  decidu. 
ous.  Pet  ah  n.  Nut  of 
the  smooth  dvnpc  wiih 
proiniueul  sutuies. 


^^40 


YCOSANDRIA  M(f!?OCV!JlA. 


I.      Caroliniana. 

P.  floribus  racemosis  ; 
foliis  sempervirentibus, 
oblongo-lanceolatis,  mu- 
€r(3riatis,  serratis  integer- 
rii  I  •isqiie,  eglandulosis,  lu- 


Flowers  in  racemes; 
leaves  perennial,  oblong 
lancejolate,  raucronatej- 
serrate  and  entire,  with- 
out glands,  lucid. 


Sp.  pl2.  p987      Porsh,  l.p.  350, 
P   Lusitanica,  Walt  p.  146. 
Cerasus  Virginiana,   Mich.  1.  p.  28^. 

One  of  oar  most  ornamental  trees,  growing  from  30 — 50  feet  high, 
and  forming  very  regular  oval  heads ;  branches  smooth.  Jjeaves 
slightly  acuminate,  very  frequently  entire,  glabrous,  somewhat  coria* 
ceous  liflcemps  axillary.  Pe«?Mncies  glabrous.  Ca /j/.m early  white  j* 
segments  acute,  erect.  Petals  obovate,  white.  Stamens  about  15>., 
more  than  twice  as  long  as  the  corolla,  Drupe  black,  juiceless,  per-- 
sisient. 

Ttie  leaves  of  this  tree  are  very  poisonous,  and  frequently  in  the 
spring  of  the  year  destroy  cattle  that  are  tempted  to  browse  freely  on 
tnem. 

Grows  near  Columbia,  on  the  margin  of  the  river.  On  the  isIanxiV 
near  Beaufort,  generally  along. tUeir  margins. 

Flowers  March — April. 


rlowevs  in  racemes ; 
racemes  erect ;  leaves 
deciduous,  oval  oblong, 
acuminate,  unequally  and 
doubly  serrate,  glabrous 
on  both  surfaces  ;  peti- 
oles with  4  glandsr 


S.     Virginiana. 

P.  floribus  racemosis ; 
racemis  erectis  ;  foliis 
deciduis,  ovali-oblongis, 
acuminatis,  insequaliter 
duplicato  serratis,  utrin- 
que  glabris  ;  petiolis  sub- 
quadriglandulosis.  Pursh 
1.  p.  32J9. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  985.     Walt.  p.  146. 
Cerasus  Virginiana,  Mich.  1.  p.  285. 

A  tree  sometimes  attaining  the  height  of  50  or  60  feet,  branches- 
i^mooth  and(slcnder.  Leaves  very  smooth,  somewhat  lucid.  Racemes 
straight  when  young.  Petals  nearly  round,  white.  Berries  dafJc 
red,  eatable. 

The  wood  of  this  tree  is  one  O'f  (hHJ  tf?§t  \V^  plffSS'e^S  fOT  c'iBinfct' 
work  and  articles  of  furnitpre* 

Grows  in  very  rich  ffCfi^". 

Plo\v(jbL.Apr{n 


ICOSANDRIA  >IONOGYNIA% 


(>)|1 


3.     SerO'una. 

p.  florituis  raccmosis  ; 
racemis  laxis  ;  Ibliis  de- 
ciduis,  siiiiplicitcr  scrra- 
tis.senatuiis  infimis  sul)- 
glindulosis  ;  costa  media 
bat^in  versus  barbata. 


Flowers  in  racemes ;  ra» 
cenies  pendulous ;  leaves 
deciduous,  simply  ser- 
rate, the  lower  serratures 
somewhat  glandular ;  the 
midrib  bearded  near  tlio 
base. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  986.     Pursh,  1.  p.  330. 
Tliis  resembles  the  precedinu;  species  very  much,  but  Is  distinguish* 
«d  by  ilrt  pendulous  racemes,  and  the  bearded  midrib  of  the  le^if. 
Grows  in  mountain  forests. 
Flowers 


4.       HiRSUTUS.       E. 

p.  floiibus  racemosis  ; 
/aremia  rectis  ;  loliis  de- 
ciduJs,  ovalibus,  scrrula- 
lis,  eglandulosis }  sul)tus 
cum  calycibus,  peduncu- 
lis  petiolisque  hirsutis.  E. 


Flowers  m  racemes; 
racemes  straight ;  leaves 
deciduous,  oval,  serru- 
late, without  glands  ?  tho 
under  surface,  with  the- 
calyx,  peduncles  and  pc». 
tioles  hirsute. 

Cerasus  Virginiana,  var.  humilior  ?  Mich.  I.  p.  285. 

A  shrub  3 — 4  feet  high,  stoloniferoiis  ;  the  younj^  brnnchea  pubes*. 
cent  or  hirsute.  leaves  oval,  somrtinu-s  slightly  acuniinute,  glabrous 
on  the  upper  surface,  hairy  on  tlie  under,  particularly  aloii^  the  mid- 
rib,    flflceme.*;  erect  and  straight.     i*7oufrs  small.     //frriVj*  dark  red. 

To  tlie  P.  Virginiana  this  plant  appears  to  have  very  little  affinity 
cscepting  in  its  fruit.  Its  berries  were  said  by  Seaborn  Jonc«,  Esq. 
in  whose  garden  at  Brier  Creek  1  saw  it  cultivated,  to  bo  supexior  io 
b'ize  and  llavour  to  t!ie  P.  Virginiana. 

Grows  in  tlie  counties  of  Burke  and  Screven,  Georgia.. 

Flowers  April, 


5.     UmdelLlAta.     E. 

P.  umbellis  terminali- 
bus.multirtoris;  Ibliis  lan- 
ceolatis,  paulo  acumina- 
tis,  serrulatis,  glabris,  ba- 
si  biglandulosis  ;  calyci- 
bus pubescentibus.     E. 

?.  fminiri,  Walt.  p.  14(7. 


Umbels  terminal,  many 
flowered  :  leaves  lanceo- 
late, slightly  acuminate, 
serrulate,  glabrous,  with 
two  glands  at  base ;  ealy^. 
pubescent* 


5'4S 


ICOSANDRIA  MONOGYNIA. 


A  small  tree,  with  expanding  geniculate  branches. forming  a  compact 
round  head;  branches  glabrous,  pujple,  spiny,  the  spines  bearing 
leaves.  Leaves  short,  generally  witl)  a  slight  acumination.  Flowers 
in  fascicles,  terminating  the  rigid  lateral  brandies.  Ffdunclea  about 
an  inch  long.  Segments  of  the  calyx  slightly  cleft  at  the  summit. 
Petals  nearly  round,  white.     Fruit  small,  spherical,  red.         ' 

The  truit,  when  ripe,  varies  frequently  in  colour.  It  is  pleasantly 
acid,  and  is  employed  in  preserves. 

To  the  P.  Pennsylvanica  this  plant  has  great  affinity,  yet  it  appears 
to  differ  in  several  points.  Its  leaves  are  proportionally  much  shorter 
and  more  finely  serrulate.  Its  umbels  are  never  elongated,  and  its. 
flowers  always  expand  and  fall  before  the  leaves  unfold. 

Grows  in  very  dry.  sandy  soils. 

Flowers  March.    Ripens  ita  fruit  in  July  and  August. 


Flowers  fasciculate, 
lateral  fascicles  sessile  ; 
leaves  narrow  lanceolate, 
serrulate ;  branches  spiny, 
dabrous. 


6.     Chicasa.     Mich. 

P.  floribus  fasciculatis, 
lateralibiis  fasciculis  ses- 
silibus  ;  foliis  angiisto- 
ianceolatis,  serrulatis;  ra- 
mis  spinescentibus,  gia- 
bris.     K. 

Mich.  1.  p.  284.     Pursh,  I.  p.  332. 
P.  insititia,  Walt.  146  f 

A  small  tree  10 — 15  feet  high,  with  branches  geniculate,  expand* 
iig,  crowded,  forming  a  compact  head.  Leaves  on  short  petioles^ 
generally  acute,  silabrous.  Flowers  in  aggregated  clusters,  5— -4  in 
each  cluster,  on  peduncles  about  half  an  inch  long ;  clusters  sessile. 
Calyx  glabrous,  with  the  segments  sliglitly  ciliate.  Corolla  white. 
Sntherb  12 — 18,  as  long  as  the  corolla.  F^uit  globular,  red  or  yeU 
Tow. 

This  plant  is  singularly  domestic,  following  man  in  this  climate 
wherever  he  extends  his  settlements,  and  growing  without  care  in  all 
cultivated  high  lands.  It  is  found  in  all  the  old  Indian  settlements, 
and,  according  to  their  traditions,  is  said  to  have  been  brought  by  them 
from  the  western  side  of  the  Mississipi.  The  fruit,  like  that  of  most 
cultivated  species,  varies  much,  and  some  of  its  varieties  are  good. 

Grows  in  all  soils  excepting  those  which  are  frequently  inundated/ 

Flowers  March. 


7.     HiEMAus.     Mich. 

P  arborea  ;  stipulis  se- 
tacco-coivjpositis  ;  foliis 
ovalibus  obovatisque,  ab- 
rupte  promjssequc   acu- 


Arborescent  ;  stipules 
setaceous,  compound ; 
leaves  oval  and  obovate, 
abruptly   and    conspicu- 


ICOSANHRIA  MONOCYNlAi, 


34£ 


niiftly  acuminato  ;  pcfli- 
ccls  agt!;icgatr, ji;lal)i(>us; 
segments  -of  the  culyx 
lanceolate  ;  fruit  nearly 
ovate. 


ininalis  ;  pcdicillis  a2;2;rc- 
gaii**,  jx;lal)iis  ;  calycis  la- 
clniis  lanccolatis  ;  IVuctu 
sul)ovato.  31icli.  l.  p. 
Sal 

I*,  spinosa,  Walt  p.  1-16  ? 

A  small  tree  15—20  feet  his;lNwith  lonj;,  flexible,  vir;»ate  branches. 
Lfares  strotiijly  acumiiia'e.  Fruit  ije»erally  »'»litary,  lar^e,  ovalj 
austere,  with  an  uncommonly  thick  aii<l  tou^h  skin. 

Thir*  description  is  taken  from  what  is  commonly  calK-d  the  winter 
plum  in  our  low  country, alth(nju;h  it  really  ripens  in  July  uikI  August. 
Thi>>  is  undoubtcilly  tlie  P  spinosa  of  ^^  alter,  and  I  have  alwavs  sup- 
po)»ed  it  to  be  tlie  P.  wstivalis  of  Michanx.  I'ursh,  howevor.  has 
transferred  the  name  and  description  uf  Michaux  tu  a  very  ditfcredt 
species. 

Grows  in  swamps,  particularly  along  the  large  rivers^ 

Floweri  March — April. 


Peduncles    prcnerally 
solitary  ;  leaves  ovate  ol)- 
loni?, 
serrate. 


acuniiriate,  doubly 


8.        M\UITI\IA. 

P.  pcdunculis  snbsoli- 
tarirs;  loliis  ovato-oblon- 
gis,  acuminatis,  duplica- 
to  serratis.  Willd.cnuni. 
519. 

Parsh,  1.  p.  332. 

Fruit  the  sixe  of  pigeon's  egg.  very  gocxl  to  eat.     Pursh 

There  is  some  confusion  in  these  species  which  I  am  not  able  to 
explain.  Pursh's  description  of  this  appears  to  apply  to  our  winter 
plumb  described  above  ;  yet  if  that  is  the  plant  really  meant  by  \N  ill- 
denow,  it  is  wron:;;ly  named,  for  it  is  not  a  maritime  species. 

(irows  on  the  sea  coast,  from  NowJersey  to  Caiolino.     Pursh. 

Flowers 


DEf  OI)OX.     Gmelin. 


Cali/x  canipanulatus, 
iO-dentatus.  5  longiori 
bus,  patenlibus  demuin 
iucurvis  Pdula  undu- 
lata.  iStamiria  lO,  quo- 
ruin  5  lonsjissirna.  Cap- 
vila  a-loculaiifi,  tj.>ijviij. 


Culifx  caiTipannlate,  10 
toothed,  ."»  lonuei*.  expan- 
dini;,  linally  inflected  Pc 
tdls  undulate,  ^tnmms 
M),  5  very  lonp;.  Ci.psulc 
3  t tiled,  3  waived. 


544^ 


ICOSANDRIA  MOKOGVNLA^ 


i.     Verticfllatum. 

Ljthrum  verticillatum,  Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  66. 

1.  p.  534.     Nuttall  Gen.  1.  p.  208. 
Anonjmos  aquatic,  Walt,  p  137. 


Mich.  l.p>  281.     Pui'-Si'; 


Hooi  perennial.  Stem  herbaceous  or  SuftVuticose,  3 — 4  feet  high, 
recurved,  sometimes  taking  root  at  the  extremities,  pubescent.  Leaves 
opposite  and  alternate,  soiaetimes  bj  threes,  lanceolate,  acute,  entire, 
a  little  hairy  on  the  upper  surface,  soft  and  tomentose  undwneath. 
Tetioles  short.  Flowers  in  short,  biternate  ^  axillary  panicles,  so  near- 
ly sessile  that  they  resemble  a  verticill.  Calyx  10  toothed,  the  five 
long  subulate  teeth  project  before  the  flower  expands,  then  benci  in  j 
the  five  broad,  short  teeth  that  cover  the  flower  during  its  infancy  ex-- 
tjand  with  it.  Petals  clawed,  somewhat  lanceolate,  three  times  as 
long  as  the  subulate  teeth,  at  the  base  of  which  they  are  inserted  into 
the  calyx.  Filaments,  5  inserted  at  the  base  of  the  short  segment^ 
of  the  calyx,  twice  as  long  as  the  corolla ;  5  below  the  base  of  the 
petals,  incurved,  scarcely  longer  than  the  calyx  Anthers  nearlj 
round,  twin,  incumbent.  Germ  superior,  ovate.  Style  nearly  as 
Oong  as  the  long  filaments.  Stigma  obtuse.  Capsule  ovate,  some- 
■what  3  angled, smooth.  Seeds  many,  angled,  ovate,  attached  to  a  cen- 
tral receptacle. 

Grows  in  springy  spongy  soils. 

Flowers  August — September 

This  plant  differs  so  much  in  its  appearance  from  every  species  Cff 
Ly thrum  which  I  have  seen,  and  possesses  so  many  peculiaritl"s  in 
the  structure  of  its  flowers  and  capsule,  that,  with  Walter,  1  think  it 
will  be  correct  to  separate  it  from  that  genus. 


LYTHRUM.     Gen.  pl.  8S5. 


Calyx  iubwlosus,  6 — 12- 
dentatus.  Petala  6,  ae- 
qualia,  calyci  inserta. 
Capsida  supera,  i3-locu- 
iaris,  polysperma.  fSta- 
mina  2,  b,  8,  10,  12.) 
1,  Lanceolatum.  E 
L.  caule  virgatim  pan- 
iculato ;  foliis  lanceolatis, 
inferioribus  oppositis,  su- 
perioribus  subalternis  ; 
floiibus  solitanis,  axilla- 
ribus,  hexandris.     E. 


I  drous. 

X^.  virgatum,  Walt.  p.  120.    Pyrsh,  1.  p.  3J4i 


Calyx  tubular,  6 — i^ 
toothed.  Petals  6^  eoual,, 
inserted  on  the  calyx., 
Capsule  superior,  2-' di- 
ed, many  seeded  (Sta- 
mens -^,  6,  8,  10,  12.) 

Stem  terminating  in  vir- 
gate  panicles  ;  leaves  lan- 
ceolate, the  lower  ones 
opposite,  the  upper  gi^u- 
erally  alternate  :  flowers 
solitary,  axillary,  hexan- 


ICOSANDnrA    MO^OCYNIA. 


545 


-*knot  perennial.  Stem  .>— 5  IVct  liinh,  t'l  cct,  quadrangular,  slightly 
maruinetl  ;  Urnnrhps  near  the  sumuiif  lonji;,  slender,  very  glabrous,  a;* 
is  the  whole  plant,  /^afvs  lanie(»late,  sessile,  entire,  acute  at  eui  h 
extremity:  those  on  the  stem  li  incli  lonj^,  J  an  incli  wide  ;  those  on 
the  branches  small,  crowded,  irregular,  but  {generally  alternate.  iV- 
dunclf<i  1 — '2  linos  loii!».  with  I  subulate  stipules  at  their  b:i.>ie  of  tlieir 
own  lenjjth.  Ca/^ J* tubular,  furrow,  d,  12 toothed,  with  the  teeth  eiett 
and  a  liTtle  unequal.  I'etnls  (>,  oblong,  entire,  violet-coloured,  twice 
as  Ion"-  as  the  ealvx.  Filmnetits  6  inserted  into  the  tube  of  the  calyx, 
nearly  as  hms;  as  the  corolla.  Style  as  lofijj;  as  tlie.  stamens.  Stigma 
capitate.  Capnult;  obhuiu;.  ii  cellrd.  2  valved.  Seed  ovate,  slightly 
anj^led,  attached  to  a  central  receptacle, 

(irows  in  ditches,  swamps,  ^*c. 

Flowers  July— August. 


3.     Alatum.     Pursb. 

L.  glabcrrimuni ;  I'oliis 
oppositis,  conlato-ovatis, 
aculis,  subpetiolatis  ;  ra- 
muUs  virj^atis,  4-inargina- 
tis ;  t]onl)Us  axillaiibus, 
solitariis,  G-antb'is. 


Veiy  glabrous ;  leaves 
opposite,  corJate  ovate, 
acute,  on  sbort  petioles  ; 
brancbes  virgate,  4  mar- 
gined ;  flowers  axillarVj 
solitary,  bexandrous. 


Pursh,  1.  p.  334.    Nutt.  1.  p.  303. 

A  very  ele2;ant  and  ornamental  specie^.  Branches  brown,  at  first 
erect,  at  len<;t.h  recurved,  and  then  sending  out  numerous  axillary 
branches.  Flowers  often  double  the  length  of  the  leaves,  deep  and 
bright  purple,  minutely  bibracteate  after  the  manner  of  the  genus. 
Leaves  not  much  larger  than  those  of  thyme,  which  they  somewhat  re- 
semble. Stigma  conspicuously  capitate.  Capsule  somewhat  cylin  • 
drical,  2  celled.     Nutt. 

Grows  in  the  lower  districts  of  Georgia.     Enslcn. 

Flowers  June — Jul  v.     Pursh. 


Glabrous,  virf!;ate;  leaves 
ircuerally  opposite,  linear, 
acute  ;  flowers  axillan . 
solitary,  bexandrous. 


3.       LfNEARE. 

L.  glabruni,  virgatum  ; 
foliis  suboppositis,  linear- 
ibus,  acutis  :  floribus  ax- 
illaiibus, sobtariis,  0-an- 
dris.     Sp.  pi  2.  p  868. 

Mich.  1.  p.  280.     Pursh,  I.  p.  334.     Nutt.  1.  p.  303. 

Plant  3 — 4  feet  hi:;h.  Lcnvea  somewhat  succulent  and  (ipnquip. 
0 — 7  lines  long,  1  wide.  Fiowfrs  small,  nearly  wliite,  bibrai-fcale.— 
>'utt. 

Grows  near  the  sea-coast  of  Virginia  and  Carolina. 

Jiowers  July — August. 

W3 


^46f 


ICOSANDRIA  DI PENTAGYNIA. 


CUPHEA.      J^CQUIN. 


Calyx  ventricosns,  tu- 
biilosus.  6 — 1 2  dentatus, 
infeqiialis.  Petnla  6,  in- 
seqiialia,  calyci  inserta. 
Cnpmla  i-lociilans,  cum 
ca'y  ce  longitudinaliter  de- 
hiscens. 

1.       VlSCoSISSFMA. 

C.  viscosa;  foliis  op- 
posi^is,  petiolatis,  ovato- 
ob!ono;is  ;  florihiis  dode- 
candris,  lateralilms,  soli- 
ta'iis,  hrevissinie  pediin- 
culaiis.    Pursh,  i.  p.  335. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  870.     Mrch.  I.  p.  281.     Nuft  1.  p.  304» 

A  small  herbaceous  plant,  rarely  exceeding  18  inches  in  height, 
branching,  decumbent  and  erect,  hairy  and  viscid.  Leav  s  smooth, 
entire.  Cabjx  cylindrical,  striate.  Petals  purple.  Stamens  inserted 
in  the  throat  of  the  calyx.  Capsule  oblong.  Seeds  few,  lenticular, 
imbricate.  The  vapsule'\s  said  to  burst  before  tlie  seed  is  mature, 
wliich  then  ripens  while  naked  and   exposed  to  the  ataiosphere. 

Grows  along  the  mountains*  Collected  near  the  Saluda  mountain^, 
by  Dr.  Macbride. 

Flowers  Julv — Ausrusf. 


Cah/x  ventricose,  tU- 
bidai",  6 — it  toothed,  un- 
equal. PetaLs  6,  unequul^ 
inserted  on  the  calyx. 
Capsule  i  celled,  with  the- 
calyx  bursting  longitudi- 
nally. 

Viscid ;  leaves  oppo*^ 
site,  petiolate,  ovate  ob- 
I'-ng;  flowers  dodecan- 
di  oils,  lateral,  solitary,  on 
short  peduncles. 


BI—PEXTAGYNM. 


F0THP:RGILLA.     Gen.  pl.  932. 


Calyx  inferus,  trunca- 
tus,  obsolete  crenatus. 
Corolla  0>  Filamenta 
longa,  clavata.     Germen 


Calffx  inferior,  trun- 
cate, obscurely  crenate. 
Corolla  0.  Filaments 
long,  clavate.     Germ  2- 


iCOBANDRTA  DT PENTAOYNIA. 


547 


cleft,      ('upside  3-ccllcJ. 
iSeeds  solitary,  bony. 


335.     Nutt.  1.  n.  304. 


Li  fid  uni.  Capsida  2  lo- 
cuUris  St'inina  solitu- 
ria,   ossea. 

i.     Almfolia. 

Sp.  |)l.  '2.  p.  15-24      Furfth,  1.  p, 
F.  liardi'tji,   Mich.  I.  p   313. 

A  shrub  2—4  feet  high,  stoloniferouR,  vir«>;ato.  heaves  oval  or  obo- 
•vate,  urenate  tu-ar  the  summit,  pubi-Mcnt  on  ihe  uudiT  suifaie.  flow- 
^r«.  in  compact  terminal  apikcs.  Stamens  numerous,  insertt'fl  near 
tlif  summit  of  tiie  calyx,  lon;f,  white,  sometimesj  tinned  with  puik. 
isti:^mas  lonj^,  sltMuler,  recurved.  Capsule  -2,  celled,  each  cell  2  valv- 
■ed,  1  seeded. 

Grows  along  the  margins  of  swamps. 

Flowers  March — April. 

This  plant  varies  much  in  the  form  of  tlie  leaves  and  in  the  colour 
•©f  its  stamens,  uud  perliaps  includes  more  than  one  species.  It  be- 
gins to  flower  before  tlie  leavi's  unfold,  but  the  leaves  generally  ex- 
pand before  the  flowers  decay 

CIlAT.i:(iLS.     Gln.  PL.  854. 


Cnlyx  superus,5-tidu5. 
Pdula  .5.  Styli  -z — ;3. 
Bacca  2—5  speniia.  iSt- 
thina  ossea 

1.      Parvifolia. 

C.  spinoia  ;   tnliis  oho- 
vatis,  inciso-scrratis,  basi 
integris,  toinento^is  ;  ca- 
lytil.us    lacmiatis ;    flori 
bus  sulitaiii^,  5-gynis.    fc^. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  1002.  Fursh,  1  p 
C  tomentoHa,  Mich.  I.  p.  2b9. 
Mespilus  laciniata,  Walt.  p.  147. 

A  shrub  3 — 6  feet  high,  forming,  with  its  numerous  geniculate  and 
divaricate  branches,  almost  a  regular  spherical  fiu'ure  ;  the  young 
brandies  tomentose  :  spines  very  numerous,  3 — 4  inciies  lonj^,  sl«*ncler. 
Leaves  alternate,  generally  acute,  on  short  petiides.  J''luicer.<  t'Muii- 
iiai,  on  short  lateral  branches, generally  siditarv.  ^^^/.r  vcrv  tom<:n- 
t'l^f,  with  2  or  3  brartoas  at  their  has**  ;  tl>e  segments  iancr 'iate, 
liaiKUomely  divided.  Fetuls  white,  nearly  round,  fruit  greenish 
\elli»w,  eatable 

Grows  in  dry  soils. 

•Flowers  April— May.     Frnit  ripens  in  October.         Winter-Jhw. 


Caljix  superior,  .^j-rleft. 
Petals  5.  styles  z — 5. 
Berrj/i — 5  seeded.  IS^eds 
bony. 

Sj)iny  ;  leaves  obovate, 
deeply  serrate,  entire  at 
base,  tomentose  ;  calyx 
laciniate  :  flowers  solita- 
ry, pontagwious. 

339. 


5^8 


rCOSANDRiA  DI PENTAGYNIA, 


S.       CrUS  G.vLLT. 

C.  spinosa  ;  foliis  obo- 
vato-cunciformibus,  ser- 
ratis,  subsessilibus,  nitidis; 
corymbis  conipositis  ; 
foliolis  calycinis  lanceo- 
latis,  serratis ;  floribus  di- 
gyjiis.     Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  13. 

Walt.  p.  147  ?    Mich.  2.  p.  288  ?    Pursh,  1.  p.  338. 

A  shrub  of  middling  height.  Spines  long,  very  numerous.  Leaves 
obtuse  and  acute,  irregularly  serrate,  verj  glabrous.  Flowess  in  ter- 
minal, compound  corymbs.  Segments  of  the  calyx  narrow,  acut^s 
Sometimes  serrate.     (Fruit  small,  red.    Pursh.) 

Grows  in  woods  and  along  the  banks  of  rivers. 

Flowers  April — May. 


Spiny ;  leaves  obovate 
cuneate,  serrate,  nearly 
sessile,  shining ;  corymbs 
compound  ;  segments  of 
the  calyx  lanceolate,  ser* 
rate ;  flowers  digynous. 


Spiny ;  leaves  cuneate 
obovate,  crenate,  coriace- 
ous, lucid  ;  corymbs  sim- 
ple, few  flowered  ;  flow- 
ers pentagynous. 


3.     LuciDA. 

C.  spinosa ;  foliis  cune- 
ato-obovatis,  crenatis,  co- 
riaccis,  lucidis  ;  coryml)is 
siiijplicibus,  paucifloris ; 
floribus  .5-gynis.     E. 

C.  unilateralis  ?    Pers.  2.  p.  37. 

A  shrub  10 — 12  feet  high.  Spines  short,  scarcely  an  iRch  long,  very- 
strong.  Leaves  on  very  short  branches  from  the  base  of  the  spines, 
irregularly  crenate.  Flowers  few,  rarely  exceeding  3,  terminal,  on 
smail  lateral  branches.     Styles  5.     Berry  5  seeded. 

This  species  appears  to  me  very  distinct  from  the  preceding,  with 
which  it  has  been  confounded.  Its  leaves  are  much  smaller,  more  co- 
riaceous and  hicid,  and  it  differs  also  by  its  small«r  corymbs  and  pen- 
tagynous flowers. 

The  great  djtlerences  between  the  southern  and  nothern  species  of 
C.  crus  galli  leatl  me  to  suspect,  that  there  are  still  other  species  con- 
cealed under  this  name. 

Grows  on  the  margin  of  the  Ogeechee  river,  just  where  the  tides 
cease  to  flow. 

Flowers  April. 


4.     Punctata. 

C.  spinosa  inermisve  ; 
foliis  obovato-cuneiformi- 
bus,  glabrisj  serratis ,  ca- 


Spiny  or  unarmed  ; 
leaves  obovate  cuneate, 
glabrous,  serrate;  calyx 


tCOSANDRIA  DI PKNTAGYNIA. 


549 


villous,  the  seKrncnts  sub. 


ulate,  ciUirc. 


lyrihus  suhvillosis.  laci- 
nii^  subuliitis,  iiitegiis. 
Sp.  pi.  8.  p.    1004. 

Mich.  1.  p.  289.     Pursli,  1.  p.  538. 

A  small  tree.  Leaves  larj^e,  plaited,  doubly  toothed  near  the  sum* 
mit.  liairy  underneath  at  the  branching  of  the  nerves,  dorymhs  %)- 
mentose.     fVfiif  yellow,  dotted,  (Mich.)   sometimes  red,  (Willd.)- 

Gruws  in  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina.  Mich. 

Flowers 


5.     TrRBiNATA.     Piirsh. 

C.  inermis,  glalira  ;  t'o- 
Wy  cuneato-obovatis,  in- 
cihis,  serratis  ;  corymbis 
puuiifloris  ;  pedicellis 
brevibus  ;  fructibus  tur- 
binalis.    Fursh,:i.  p.  7-^5 


Unarmed,  glabrous  ; 
leaves  cuneate  obovate, 
notched,  serrate  ;  co- 
rymbs few  flowered  ; 
pedicels  short ;  fruit  tur- 
binate. 


Resembling;  C.  spathuiata,  but  distinguished  by  its  fruit  from  every 
other  .\nierican  species.     I*ursli. 
Grows  in  Carolina  and  Virginia. 
Flowers 


Spiny ;  leaves  elliptic^ 
unequally  serrate,  gla- 
brous ;  petioles  and  ca- 
lyx glandular  ;  berries 
globular,  5  seeded. 


0.     Elliptica. 

C.  spinosa  ;  foliis  ellip- 
ticis,  injequliter  serratis, 
gl;il)ris ;  petiolis  calyci- 
bu^que  glandulosis  ;  bac- 
cis  globosis,  pentasper- 
mis.     Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  1U03. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  337. 

Segments  of  the  calyx  obtuse.     Fruit  smallj  red.     Puralw 
Grows  in  copses  and  drf  swamps. 
Flowers  April — May. 

To  this  species  probably  belonji:*  the  Mespilus  iE&tivalis  of  Walter. 
A  shrub  8- — 10  teet  high.  Leaves  elliptic  or  obovate,  un''(j'ially 
and  rather  coarsely  serrated,  hairy  underneath  at  trie  axils  ol  ihc 
leaves,  on  short  petioles,  without  glands.  Flowers  in  small  coiymbs," 
Fruit  large,  red,  acid,  used  for  tarts  or  preserves. 

Grows  in  pond.s. 

flowers  February — Marfh.     Ripens  its  fruit  in  June". 


^0\ 


ICOSANDRIA  DI-^PENTAGYNIA. 


7.       PVRIFOLIA. 

C.  spinosa  inermisve  ; 
foliis  ovato-ellipticis,  iii- 
ciso-serratis,  subplica- 
tjs,  subhirtis  ;  calycilms 
villosis  ;  ioliolis  lineari- 
lanceolatis,  serratis ;  flori- 
bus  trigynis.  Sp.  pi.  3. 
p.  1001. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  537. 

Leaves  large,  acute,  sometimes  acuminate  at  each  end,  slightly 
lobed,  irregularly  serrate.  Corymbs  many  flowered.  Peduncles  and 
■talyx  tomentose 

Grows  in  rocky  and  gravelly  soils,  and  on  the  banks  of  rivers.  Pursh. 

Flowers 


Spiny  or  unarmed ;  leaves 
ovate  elliptic,  deeply  ser- 
rate, somewhat  plaited 
and  hairy  ;  calyx  villous  ; 
leaflets  linear  lanceolate^ 
serrate  ;  flowers  trigyn- 

OUS.       ' 


8.     Arborescens.     E. 

C.  inermis;  foliis  lan- 
ceolatis, utrinque  acutis, 
inciso-serratis,  supra  gla- 
bris ;  corymbis  nmltiflo- 
ris ;  calycibus  pilosis,  la- 
ciniis  subulatis,  integris  ; 
floribus  pentagynis.    E. 


Unarmed  ;  leaves  lan^ 
ceolate,  acute  at  each  end, 
deeply  serrate,  glabrous 
on  the  upper  surface  ; 
corymbs  many  flowered; 
calyx  hairy,  with  the  seg- 
ments subulate,  entire  | 
flowers  pentagynous. 

A  small  tree,  20 — 30  feet  high,  with  spreading  branches.  Leaves 
on  short  petioles,  irregularly  serrate,  sometimes  slightly  lobed  to- 
wards the  summit,  hairy  underneath  at  ihe  division  of  the  veins.  Pe- 
tiUts  a  little  hairy  along  the  margins.  Stipules  linear  lanceolate, 
shorter  than  tiie  petioles,  caducous.  Peduncles  and  calyx  a  little 
hairv  ;  segments  of  the  calyx  obtuse,  reflected.  Petals  white.  In 
the  old  trees  which  I  saw  I  could  discover  no  spines. 

I  insert  this  species  with  some  hesitation,  yet  !  know  not  that  it 
has  been  described.  Its  leaves  resemble  much  those  of  the  G.  pvrifo- 
}ia,  but  are  smaller,  less  distinctly  plaited,  and,  excepting  in  the  axils 
of  the  veins,  glabrous.  Its  calyx  and  pentagynous  flowers  also  dis- 
tinguish it  from  that  species. 

Grows  at  Fort  Argyje  on  the  Ogeechee  river. 

Flowers  March. 


IBOSANDRIA  DI PENTAClfNlA. 


Jdt 


Spiny  ;  leaves  ol)Ovatc 
cuneiile,  anj!;l((l,  ^lahrous, 
sliininc; :  pciioIcN,  sti()i!les. 
ami  calyx  irl.iruliilar ;  flow- 
ers geiKMMlly  solitary  ; 
berries  turbinate,  i  seed- 
ed. 


9.       FhAVA. 

C.spinosa;  foliis  oljova- 

to-cuneatis,  anirulatis.  j^la- 

bris,  nitidis:  jjctiolis,  sti- 

])ulis   calycibusquc   ^lan- 

dulosis ;  floribus   suhsoli- 

tariis ;    baccis    turbinatis, 

tetras|)erniis.     Sp.  pi.  Ai. 

p.   1002. 

Pursh,  l.p.  338. 

C.  viridis  ?   Walt  p.  147. 

Plant  8 — 10  fcpt  hinli.  Spinea  short,  ratlicr  stronjr ;  yoiins:  brandies 
and  leaves  villous  ;  old  leaves  obtuse  and  lobed  at  the  sunimit,  finely 
serrate,  bairy  along  the  veins  on  both  surfaces,  abruptly  narrowed  at 
base.  Stijmles  somewhat  reniform,  and,  with  the  uetiolea  and  se*"- 
monts  of  the  cahj.r,  serrated  with  globular  glands.  Corymbs  few 
flowered.     Fruit  globular. 

This  description  is  taken  from  the  C  viridis  of  Walter,  a  plant 
which  I  refer  here  with  much  hesitation,  and  in  which  the  corymbs 
are  generally  5 — G  (lowered. 

Grows  in  the  nncUlle  and  upper  country  of  Carolina. 

Flowers  March — .\pril. 

Here  also  apparently  belongs  tiie  summer  haw  of  our  southern  sea- 
islands.  An  arborescent  shrub,  8 — 14  fi-et  high,  with  coarse  rimose 
bark,  resembling  that  of  the  oak.  Leaves  laperinu;  at  base,  nearly 
sessile,  not  serrate,  merely  margined  ^^ith  glandular  dots,  pubescent 
in  the  axils  of  the  veins  and  on  ilie  petioles  ;  the  young  leaves  some- 
tin>ps  slightly  lobed.  obtuse,  with  a  small  point  at  the  summit.  Flow- 
ers frequently  solitary,  sometimes  in  very  small  corymbs,  pentagyn- 
ons.      Fjruit  oval,  red,  4  seeded,  well  flavoured. 

Grows  in  saiuly  soils  :  ripens  its  fruit  in  August.  This  variety  dif- 
fers from  the  ('  viridis  «)f  Walter  by  its  leave**,  which  are  much  mor^* 
glahrous,  and  din'ei  ent  in  their  serratures,  and  by  flowers  less  numerou'? 
in  each  corymb. 


40.     ViRinis? 

C  spinosa  ;  ioliis  sul)- 
sessilibiis,  spatbiilato-ova- 
tis,  rotundato-lobatis,  ser- 
ratis,  p:labris  ;  calycibus 
glal)ris,  laciniis  glandulo. 
so-scrratis.     E. 

Fp   pi.  2.  p.  1001. 

Mespilus  hyoiHali^,  Walt.  p.  148. 


Spiny  ;  leaves  nearly 
sessile,  spatbulatc  o\ate, 
wiib  round  Io'»es,  serrate, 
i!;lal)rous;  calyx  ulabrous, 
tlir  seujments  wiih  glan. 
didar  serralures. 


55^ 


ICOSANDRTA  DT PENTAGYNIA, 


Branches  slender,  with  long,  slender  spines.  Leaves  nearly  sesSilfe^ 
ovate,  spathu late  at  base,  generally  seven  iobed,  of  which  the  two  lower 
are  more  distinct  than  the  rest ;  lobes  round  in  the  mature  leaf,  acute 
in  the  young.     Flowers  in  small  corjmbs. 

This  description  is  taken  from  specimens  sent  me  by  Dr.  Muhlen- 
berg as  the  real  C.  viridis  of  Linnseus.  It  is  certainly  a  species  very 
distinct  from  the  C.  coccinea.  To  this  plant  however  the  synonyme 
of  Gronovius,  163,  cannot  be  referred.  The  C.  glandulosa,  Mich  1. 
p.  288,  which  Pursh  has  referred  to  the  C.  flava,  probably  belongs  here. 

The  apple-haw  of  the  low  country  of  Carolina  apparently  belongs 
to  this  species.  An  arborescent  shrub,  8 — 14  feet  high,  with  crooked 
rigid  branches.  Leaves  nearly  round,  glabrous,  7  lobcd,  abruptly 
ternainating  at  base  in  a  petiole  nearly  an  inch  long.  Flowers  in 
small  corymbs.     Fruit  very  large,  round,  red,  3 — 4  seeded. 

Grows  Pensylvania — Carolina. 

Flowers 


H.     Spathulata.     Micb. 


C.  subspinosa ;  fobis  fas- 
ciculatis,  lunge  cuncatis, 
3-fidis  lobatisque,crenatis, 
glabris ;  corymbis  multi- 
floris;  calycibus  glabris, 
ladniis  ovatis,  integerri- 
mis.     E. 


Somewhat  spiny ;  leaved 
clustered,  with  a  long  ta- 
pering base,  3  cleft  and 
iobed,  crenate,  glabrous ; 
corymbs  many  flowered ; 
calyx  glabrous,  segments 
ovate,  entire. 


Mich.  1.  p.  288.     Pursh,  1.  p.  336. 

A  small  tree   12 — 15  feet  high.     Leaves  in  short  lateral  fascicles^, 
some  distinctly  3  cleft,  others  irregularly  Iobed,  the  lobes  all  crenate, 
the  base  long  and  tapering  to  a  petiole.     Flowers  in  lateral  corymbs, 
numerous,  on-  pedicels  nearly  as  long  as  the  leaves.    Calyx  small,  gla- 
brous ;  segments  short,  ovate  obtuse      Corolla  white.     Styles  5. 

Grows  in  the  upper  Districts  of  Georgia  and  Carolina  ;  in  Colum- 
bia county,  Georgia,  common — I  have  not  seen  it  in  the  low  country. 

Flowers  April. 


12.     Apiifolia.     Micb. 

C.  spinosa  ;  ibbis  delt- 
oldeo-ovatis,  inciso-loba- 
tis,  lobis  inciso-serratis, 
pilosis  ;  calycibus  pilosis, 
laciniis  serratis ,-  floribus 
digynis. 

Mich.  1  p.  287.     Pursh,  1.  p.  33( 
C.  oxyacantha.    Walt.  p.  147. 


Spiny ;  leaves  deltoid 
ovate,  notched  and  Iobed, 
lobes  deeply  serrate, 
hairy  ;  calyx  hairy,  with 
the  segments  serrate  ; 
flowers  digynous. 


MJOSANDRIA  DI PENT.VGYNIA. 


553 


A  liaotlsome  shrub  4  — 12  (cct  high.  Leaves  in  gmall  fascicles,  on 
ilpni;  prtinles.  S/ipu/^'s  lifu'ar  lancoitlat^,  nearly  •glabrous  S';;j;j<<  I — S 
inches  Ion;;,  rori/mfcs  siiu|ile.  lew  floweietl  (5  -G;.  C'l/i/.c  turbinate, 
hairy  segments  retlectcd.  C'oro//fl  wliito.  AVy/fSgenerallj  2,  8om€^ 
times  3. 

Grows  in  close  damp  soils. 

Flowers  March — April. 


18.       Poi'ULIFOl.lA.       Walt. 


Spiny  ;  leaves  ovatCo 
somewliat  truncate  at 
base,  very  acutely  ser- 
rate and  slij^ilitly  lobed ; 
petioles  sparingly  glandib- 
lar;  flowers  pentagynoiis. 


C.  spinosa  ;  foliis  ova- 
tis,  hasi  sul)triincatis,  a- 
cutissinie  serratis  siihlo- 
baiisquc  ;  petiolis  parcc 
glandulosis ;  floribus  pcn- 
tagynis.     E. 

Walt.  p.  i4r. 

A  shrub,  with  slender  branches,  and  very  large  strons;  spines  which 
are  sometimes  branched.  leaves  small,  with  the  serratures  acu  li- 
natc  Peiiitlfii  nearly  an  inch  long,  and,  with  the  leaves,  sprinkled 
with  a  few  hairs.     Flowers  in  small  corymbs,  white. 

This  plant  bears  no  resemblance  to  the  C  cordata  of  this  sketch, 
but  mucli  to  the  C.  coccinea.  It  differs  however  IVoni  that  bv  its 
leaves,  which  are  much  smaller,  more  ovate  and  obt'ise  at  base.  Tiie 
leaves  of  this  species  indeed  are  so  obtuse  at  base  that  they  must 
frequently  become  subcordate. 

Grows  St.  Johns,  Santcc. 

Flowers  April. 


14.     Coccinea. 

C.  spinosa ;  Iblii.s  longc 
pctiolatis,  ovatis,  aciitissi- 
nie  lobati.s  se^^ati^qllc, 
glahris  ;  petiolis,  calyci- 
biisque  piibcscentibus. 
glandulosis;  tloribuspen- 


tagynis. 


E. 

p.  pi   2  p.  1000. 


Spiny  ;  leaves  on  long 
petioles,  ovate,  very  a- 
cutelv  lobed  snd  serrate, 
glabrous  ;  petioles  and 
pubescent  calyx  glandu- 
lar; flowers  pentagynous> 


Mich.  1.  p.  288.     Pursh,  1.  p.  r>3r. 

A  small  tree.  Leaves  obtuse  at  base,  scarcely  cordate,  glabrous 
when  mature,  lobes  numerous,  generally  acuminate,  sharply  seriat(^. 
Cnriiwbs  many  flowered.     Feduncle'i  hairy.     Flowers  white.     Frutt 

d,  large,  eatable. 

(irows  from  (^anada  to  Carolina,  along  the  moamtrim? 

Flowers. 

X  3 


554! 


ICOSANDRIA  DT PENtACTNIA. 


Leaves  cordate,  cune- 
ate,  entire,  dentate,  3 — d 
lobed  ;  peduncles  brac- 
teaie  ;  calyx  somewhat 
leafy. 


i5.        CaROLINIANa. 

C.  f  »liis  cordatis,cunei- 
fornjibus.  integris,  denta- 
tis,  3 — 5  lobisque  ;  pe- 
dunculis  bracteatis;  caly- 
cib'is  subfoliaceis.  Poir. 
Ency.  4.  443.  sjib  Mespi- 
lo. 

Pers.  2.  p   36. 

This  species  is  an  obscure  one.  The  description  is  not  satisfactory, 
but  it  can  scarcely  be  a  synonyme  of  the  C.  fiava,  where  Pursh  has 
placed  it. 

Fruit  yellow,  pear-shaped. 

Grows  in  Carolina. 
Flowers 


Spiny ;  leaves  cordate 
ovate,  piiinatilid,  lobed 
and  angled,  glabrous ;  pe- 
tioles and  calyx  without 
glands  ;  flowers*  penta- 
gynous. 


10.       CoRI>ATA. 

C.  spinosa  ;  f  )liis  cor- 
dato-ovatis,  pirmatifidn- 
lobatis  anirulatisqiie,  gla- 
bris  ;  petiolis  calycibus- 
que  eglandulosis  ;  flori- 
bus  pentagynis. 

Sp.pl  2.  p.  1000. 

€►  populifolia,  Pursh,  1.  p.  337. 

A  large  shrub.  Leaves  3—5 — 7  lobes,  acuminate,  acutely  serrate, 
■fi'hen  young  pubescent  along  the  veins.  Petioles  slender,  short. 
Stipules  subulate,  serrate.  Corymbs  compound.  Segments  of  the 
calyx  short,  obtuse      Fruit  small,  globose,  depressed,  red. 

Grows  along  the  banks  of  rivers  near  the  mountains. 

Flowers 

This  genus  is  probably  an  extensive  one.  Our  southern  species 
require  to  be  compared  more  carefully  ,vith  those  of  the  northern 
states  than  has  yet  been  done.  Some  of  the  species  enumerated 
above  are  obscure,  and  some  more  might  have  been  added,  'f'he  C. 
coccinea  of  Walter  seems  to  ditter  from  any  species  F  have  described, 
resembling  most  the  C.  viridis,  but  with  some  leaves  pinnatifid  as  in 
C  cordata.  In  this  genus  howe\er  the  leaves  on  the  voung  branches 
difler  frequently  so  much  from  those  on  the  old,  that  specimens  are- 
to  be  viesved  with  great  caution. 


iroSANOUIA  1)1 — PENTAGYNIA. 


555 


SOHBUS.      Gkn.  PL.  855. 


r^////T  supcrus.  5-fi(liisi. 
i^duhi  5.  St  If  I  i  8.  Ho  cm 
3-*<|)onna.  Semina  car- 
lilai;iiicu. 

i.        MiCHOCARPA. 

S.  foliis  piiiiiaiis ;  folio- 
lis  acumin.«tis,  inirquali- 
ter  iiuiso-'^cnatis,  pi'iio- 
locpic  comniuni  ^lal)i  is  ; 
senatui  is  setacco-iiiucro- 
natis.     Pmsh.  i  p.  an. 

S.  aucuparia,  frtr.  n.  Midi.  1.  p 


CaUjx  superior,  5  cl^t't. 
Petals  5.  SfiflfS  ,i.  Ber- 
rij  6  seeded  ISecds  car- 
lilagineus. 

Leaves  pinnate  ;  leaf- 
lets acuminate,  UFiequally 
and  deeply  serrate,  and 
with  tlie  eonnnon  jieiiolc 
i»;labrous ;  senatures  nm- 
eronatc  with  bristles. 

'290.    • 


A  large  shrub ;  the  young  branches  dark  and  glossy,    ^frri^s  small, 
jcarlet.     Pursh. 

(Jrows  on  tlie  highest  mountains. 
Flowers  June. 


SESUVIUM.     Gen.  pi..  856. 


Calyx  5-partitus,  colo- 
ratus.  Pctala  0.  Cup- 
suta  ovata,  3-iueularis. 
circuniseissa,  pol^^sper- 
ina. 

i.  Pkim  Nen.ATT  M  ?  lJe('and(^llc 
S.  foliis  lineari-laneeoia- 
lis,  obtusis.  earnosis  ;  flo- 
ril)uss()litariis.axillaribus, 
pcdu  nculatis,  poi  vaiidris. 
E. 


Calj/x  5  parted,  colour- 
ed. Pttdh  0.  Capsule 
ovate,  3  celled,  eircum- 
scissed,  many  seeded. 


Leaves  linear  lanceo- 
late, obtuse,  suceul;  nt  ; 
flowers  solitary,  axillary, 
on  short  peduncles,  poly- 
androus. 


Pers.  syn.  2.  p.  50. 

S.  portulacastrum,  Sp.  pi.  2.p    1009. 

Stem  prostrate, terete,  jointe<l, succulent,  very  j;labrous,  braiuhine;. 
leaves  opposite,  very  entire,  succulent,  laperint;  at  base  ti»  a  verr 
short  petiole.  Fedtmcle^  about  half  an  inch  loug.  Calij.r  persi&icnt; 
segments  acute,  the  interior  with  ttic  margins  nicnibranaceous,  «•.  hite 
on  the  injier  surface.    I'llnments  very  numerous  (.50 — 60),  inserted 


056 


leOSANOniA  DI PENTAGYNIA-. 


into  the  base  of  the  calyx,  unequal,  white,  shorter  than  the  calyx. 
Anthers  didymous,  of  a  beautiful  rose  colour.  Germ  superior.  Styles 
3,  a  little  longer  than  the  stamens.  Stigmas  simple,  obtuse.  Seeds 
iiuinenuis,  reniform,  blue,  attached  to  a  central  receptacle. 

The  capsule  of  this  plant  has  perhaps  been  incorrectly  considered 
as  circumscissed.  It  has  towards  the  summit  three  sutures  distinctly 
maiked,  but  the  base  is  membranaceous,  very  delicate,  and  appears 
to  decay  or  tear  as  the  seed  becomes  mature,  suffering  the  more  sub- 
stantial summit  to  fitll  off  without  opening. 

Grows  on  the  drifting  sands  along  the  margin  of  the  ocean. 

dowers  July — November. 


2.       PENTANDliUM        E. 

S.  foliis  liiieari  lanceo- 
latip,  obtiisis,  cariiosis  ; 
ilorihijs  solitariis,  arete 
sessilibus,  pentandris.    E. 


Leaves  linear  lanceo- 
late, obtuse,  succulent  ; 
flowers  solitary,  closely 
sessile,  pentandrous. 


S.  sessile  •■    Pers.  syn.  2.  p.  S9. 
Pharnaceum  maritimum,  Walt.  p.  117. 

To  the  preceding  species  this  has  an  entire  resemblance,  differing 
only  in  its  sessile  tiowers,  wliich  are  regularly  pentandrous.  The  de- 
scription of  the  S.  sessile  in  Persoon  is  too  short  to  enable  me  to  oe- 
termine  whether  we  mean  the  same  plant.  Yet  1  cannot  imagine  that 
if  this  plant  had  been  before  Mons.  DeCandoUe,  by  whom  the  S»  ses- 
sile was  established,  so  remarkable  a  character  as  its  pentandrous 
ilower  would  have  escaped  his  notice. 

It  is  a  little  singular  that  Walter  should  have  noticed  this  species, 
which  is  very  rare  even  in  Charleston  harbour  where  only  I  have  seen 
it,  and  overlooked  the  preceding,  which  is  common,  and  diffused  along 
our  whole  coast.  I  believe,  however,  tliat  Walter's  knowledge  of 
our  sea-coast  plants  was  principally  derived  from  the  late  Mr.  Robert 
Squibb,  who  resided  in  Charleston. 

Grows  along  the  margins  of  the  salt  water,  around  Charleston.  SuU 
livan's  Island  ;  Dr.  Macbride. 

Flowers  July — November. 


ARONIA.     Pers. 


Calyx  S-dentatus.  Pe- 
tala  5.  Bacca  infera, 
5 — lO-locularis,  loculis 
1 — S'Spermis.  Seinina 
cartilaginea. 

1.      AUBUTIFOLTA. 

A.  inermis;  foliis  obo- 
ratis,  acuminatisv  crena- 


Cabjx  5  toothed.  Pe- 
tals 5.  Berry  inferior, 
5 — 10  celled,  cells  l — 2 


seeded, 
nous. 


Seeds  cartilagi- 


Unarmed ;  leaves  obo- 
vatc,  -acuminate,  crenate 


leOSANDRlA  DI — PENTACYNIA. 


357 


dentate,  tomcntose  un- 
(Icrneulh  ;  llowers  in  co- 
rymbs ;  calyx  tomcntose. 

i 


to-(lentatis,  subtus  tomcn- 
to^is  ;  tloi'ibus  corymbo- 
sis ;  calycibus  tomento- 
sis.     Sp.  pi.  :i.  p.  1012. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  339. 
Mes|)ilu!>  arbutifolia,  var.  ervtlirocaipa,  Mich.  I.  p.  i29l.     Walt. 
p.  148. 

A  shrub  3 — 8  feet  high,  spariri!j:;ly  branched.  Leaves  alternate, 
tometiines  lanccDiate,  on  petioles  scarcely  half  an  inch  lonjij.  b'Lowers 
ill  terminal  corvnibs.  Calyx  canipanulute  :  the  se;;ineiit8  erect,  acute, 
serrate  with  glands.  Petals  nearly  round,  with  short  claws  at  ba*e, 
white,  tinged  when  young  with  red.  Stamens  CU — 24,  shortei  than 
the  corolla,  ^Inthers  rose  coloured.  Germ  superior,  very  villous. 
Styles  shorter  than  the  stamens.  Stigina>  glubose.  fruit  small,  red. 
Var.  a.  tomentosa  ;  with  the  stem  5 — 8  feewhigii ;  calyx  and  under 
surface  of  the  leaves  toinentose. 

b.  glabra  ;  with    the   stnn   3 — 5   feet  hii;h  ;   ralvx  glabrous; 

leaves  when  cxpandin;^  a  little  hairy,  when   matare  gla- 
brous on  both  surfaces. 
Grows  in  damp  soils,  along  the  margins  of  swamps,  &c. 
Flowers  March — April. 


Unarmed  ;  leaves  obo- 
vate  oblonjj;,  acuminate, 
serrate,  i!:l!il)n)iis  under- 
ncatli  ;  flowers  in  co- 
rymbs ;  calyx  glabrous. 


2.        Mtl.ANOCARrA. 

A.  inermis  ;  toliis  obo- 
vato-oblongis,  acumina- 
tjs,  serratis,  subtus  gla- 
bris  ;  floril)us  coi-yinbo- 
sis  ;  calycil)us  glabiis. — 
AVilld.  enum.  525. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  339. 

Mespilus  arbutifolia,  var.  melanocarpa,  Mich.  1.  p.  292. 

Berries  large,  black. 

I  have  never  seen  this  mountain  species  or  variety  of  Aronia,  but  it 
appears  to  difler  in  nutiiiiig  but  its  fruit  from  tlie  glabrous  variety  of 
the  .\.  arbutifolia. 

Grows  on  the  high  mountains  of  Virginia  and  Carolina. 

Flowers  May. 


3.       BoTUYAPIU.M. 

A.  inermis  ;  Ibliis  cor- 
dato-ovalibus.  acumina- 
tis,  adultis  glabris  ;  llori- 
bus  racemosis  ;  petalis 
lincari-lanccolatis  r    irei'- 


Unarmed ;  leaves  cor- 
date oval,  acuminate, 
when  mature  g;lal)ious  ; 
flowers  in  racemes  ;  pe- 
tals   linear    lanceolate  ; 


558 


ICOSANDRIA  DI PENTAGYNlA. 


minibus  pubescentibus  ; 
calycis  segmentis  glabris. 
Sp,  pi.  2.  p   101^. 


germs  pubescent  ;  seg. 
Mients  of  the  calyx  gla- 
brous. 


Pursh,  I.  p.  339. 

Mespilus  Canadensis  ?  Walt.  p.  148. 


var.  cordata,  Mich.  1.  p.  291. 


A  small  tree,  10 — 12  feet  W\^h.  Leaves,  particularly  when  young,, 
heart  shaped  and  covered  witli  a  silky  pubescence  :  in  the  old  leaves 
jUiese  characters  frequently  disappear.  Flowers  in  simple,  terminal 
racemes,  expanding  before  the  leaves.  Calyx  villous  on  the  interior 
surface.  Petals  white,  obtuse,  slightly  2  toothed  at  the  summit.  4 
times  as  long  as  the  calyx.  Filaments  unequal,  much  shorter  t!>aii 
the  corolla.  Styles  pubescent  at  base,  as  long  as  the  shorter  stamens. 
Fruit  red,  eatable. 

Grows  in  rich,  light  soils. 

Flowers  February — March. 


4.       OVALIS. 

A.  inermis  ;  foliis  sub- 
rotundo-cllipticis,  acutis, 
glabris ;  floribus  racemo- 
sis  ;     petalis    obovatis  ; 


Unarmed  ;  leaves  el- 
liptic, neai  1  y  rounds  acute, 
glabrous  ;  flowers  in  ra- 
cemes ;  petals  obovate  ; 


germinil)us       calycisque  I  germ    and   segments   of 

segmentis  pubescentibus.  /  the  calyx  pubescent. 

Sp.pl.  2.  p.  to  1 4.  I 

Pursh,  1.  p.  340. 

Mespilus  Canadensis,  var.  obovalis,  Mich.  1.  p.  291. 

M.  Amelanciiier.?    Walt.  p.  148. 

A  small  shrub,  2 — 3  feet  high.  Leaves  very  glabrous  when  old. 
Flowers  in  simple,  terminal  racemes.    (Fru?"?  black,  eatable.    Puish,) 

Rare  in  the  low  country.  I  have  only  seen  it  once  in  stilt' clay  soil, 
about  12  miles  from  Savannah,  on  the  Augusta  road. 

Flowers  March. 


PYRUS. 


Calyx  superus,  .5-fidus. 
Petala  .^.  Styli  5.  Po- 
mum  magnum,  carnosum, 
5  loculare,polyspermum. 
Sejhina   cartilaginea. 


Calyx  superior,  5  cleft. 
Petals  5.  Styles  5.  Jipple 
large,  fleshy,  5  celled, 
many  sended.  Seeds  car- 
tilaginous. 


ICOSANDRIA  DI rENTAGYNIA. 


55^ 


Leaves  broad  oval, 
round  at  base,  soinewljal 
anp;lcd,  serrate,  smooth ; 
pcdimclcs  corymbose. 


1.      Toil  ()  NX  MI  A 

v.  Ibliis  hiio-ovalibus, 
basi  rotuiidatis,  subunii;ii- 
lalis,  scrratis,  bi'vihiis  ; 
pediiiicuHs  corymbosis. 
Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  1018. 

Tursli,  1.  p.  3-10. 

Malu9  coronaria,  Mich.  1.  p.  29'2. 

A  tree,  2<) — 30  feet  Wi'^U,  with  spreadini;  branches.  Leaves  large» 
frequently  ovale,  wiih  iire;jular  serratuics.  Flowers  ornamental, 
very  fragrant,  in  large  tenniual  corymbs.  Fruit  depressed,  umbili- 
cate. 

Grows  iu  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

Flowers  April. 


2.     Angus  ri  FOLIA. 

P.  foliis  oI)!()rj;50.Ian- 
ceohuis,  basi  acutis,  Icvj. 
ter  crcnato-dcntatis,  ni- 
tidis ;  pcduiiculis  corym- 
bosis.   Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  i();iO. 


Leaves  oblong  lanceo- 
late, acute  at  base,  slight- 
ly crenate  dentate,  shi- 
ning; peduncles  corym- 
bose. 


Pursh,  1.  p.  340. 

Pmus  coronaria,  Walt.  p.  148. 

>ialus  anguslitolia,  .Mich.  1.  p.  292. 

A  small  tree,  15 — 20  feet  high,  resembling  the  preceding  specie*; 
tery  much,  but  diftoring  in  the  size  of  the  leaves  and  fruit,  and  some- 
what \Q  the  figure  of  the  leaves  themselves.  The  flowers,  like  those 
of  the  precediriv:  species,  arc  very  beautiful  and  frajjraut. 

Grows  in  stitl.  dauip,  clay  soils. 

Flowers  March. 


SPIILEA.     Gen.  pl.  86S. 


Calj/x  infenis,  5-tidus, 
patens.  Petula  5,  rpfpia- 
lia,  subroturida.  Sfa7ni 
71(1  |)lurima,  exerta.  L'up- 
.f?//rrplurinicT(3 — 15),  in- 
terne bivalves,  1 — 3  spcr- 


Calyx  inferior,  ;7  cleft.. 
expandin.E:.  Pdtih  5,  q. 
qual-  nearly  round.  >/«- 
///r/?.siiunK'rous,exserte(I. 
Capsules  many  (3 — i:i), 
Ji  valved  en  the  inner 
side,  1 — i  seeded. 


SQQ 


leOSANDRlA  DI PENTAGYNIA* 


1.    Salicifolia. 

S.  faJiis  lanceolatis,  ar- 
gute serratis,  glabris  ;  ra- 
cemo  terminali  composi- 
to,  paniculato  ;  floribus 
pentagynis.  Sp.  pi.  2.  p. 
1055. 

Mich.  1.  p.  £93.     Pursh,  1.  p. 


Leaves  lanceolate,  shai-p- 
\y  serrate,  glabrous  ;  ra- 
cemes terminal,  com- 
pound, panicled  ;  flowers 
pentagynous. 

341.     Nutt.  1.  p.  307. 

A  shrub,  3 — 6  feet  high,  with  the  young  branches  slender,  some- 
what angled  and  slightly  pubescent.  Leavs  slightly  glaucous  under- 
neath, a  little  hairy  along  the  veins  and  margin  Segments  of  the 
calyx  lanceolate,  inflected  after  the  flouers  fall.  Petals  shorter  than 
the  calyx,  white,  with  very  short  claws.  Stamens  inserted  on  a  glan- 
dular ring  at  the  summit  of  the  tube  of  the  calyx.  Germs  5,  united 
at  base.  f>tyles  shorter  than  the  stamens.  Capsules  5.  Seeds  many 
in  each  capsule. 

Grows  in  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina. 

Flowers  June — July. 


Leaves  ovate  lanceo- 
late, unequally  serrate, 
tomentose  underneath  ; 
racemes  terminal,  com- 
pound, thickly  flowered , 
flowers  pentagynous. 


2.      ToMENTOSA. 

S.  foliis  ovato-lanceo- 
latis,  insequaliter  serratis, 
subtus  tomentosis  ;  race- 
mo  terminali  composi- 
to,  confertifloro ;  floiibus 
pentagynis.  Sp.  pi.  3.  p. 
1056.  " 

Mich.  1.  p.  293.     Pursh,  1.  p.  ij4i.     iNutt.  i.  p 

A  shrub,  3 — 6  feet  high,  with  the  young  virgate  branches  ferrugi- 
nous and  tomentose.  Leaves  sometimes  oval  or  lanceolate,  rugose, 
hoary  underneath.  Calyx  tomentose ;  segments  reflected  }  Fetah 
small,  purple,  sometimes  3  lobed,  hairy  on  tl\e  outer  surface.  Sla- 
mens  and  styles  as  long  as  the  corolla.     Seeds  few  in  each  capsule. 

Grows  in  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

Flowers  June — July. 


541.     Nutt.  1. 


50r. 


3.    Opulifolta. 

S.  foliis  ovatis,  lobatis, 
duplicato-dentatis  crena- 
tisve,  glabris  ;  corymbis 
terminalibus,  confertiflo- 


Leaves  ovate,  lobed, 
doubly  toothed  or  cre- 
nate,  glabrous  ;  corymbs 
terminal,  thickly  flower- 


rcos\NnRiA  ni — ptsntaoynia. 


551 


lis  ;  ttoiilnis  trii!;ynis  ; 
ca|)sulls  ir)natis.  8|).  pi. 
2.  p.    10.39. 

Mich.  1.  p.  293.    Pursh,  1   p.  54-Z.     Nutt.  1.  p.  SOT. 


c(l  ;    flowers   tnp;ynous  5 
capsules  inflated. 


A  sliriib,  like  the  prccfiHiii;  spocifs,  with  lobcd  leaves.  Floirert 
ciiistcroil,  white,  in  umhi'llate  cnrvinbH. 

Cintws  alon^  water  cuursjes  among  the  mountains  of  Carolina  and 
Ccorsjia. 

Flowers  June — Jul  v. 


Loaves  S — 3  pinnate  ; 
si)ikes  in  panicles  ;  flow- 
ers triii;viious,  diuicous. 


4.  AuUNcrs. 

5.  foliis  2 — .^pin^atis; 
si)icis  paniciilalis ;  Hoii- 
bus  tri2;ynis,  dioicis.  Sp. 
pi.  3.  p.  348. 

Mich.  1.  p.  294.    Pursh,  I.  p.  343      Nutt.  I.  p.  507. 

Root  perennial.     Plant  glabrous.     Flowers  small,  composed  of  nu- 
merous slender  t«pikes.  ^ 
Grows  on  the  innuntains  of  Carolina  and  Georgia. 
Flowers  June — Julv. 


5.     L«m\TA. 

S.  foliis  piiinatis,  R^a- 
bris,  imparl  niadjore.  7- 
iol)o,  latoralihiis  .i-l(jbia  ; 
corvmbis  proliferis.  S[). 
pi.  i.  p.  iO(i2 


Leaves  pinnate,  gla- 
I)rous,  tlic  lerniinal  one 
lai  "j^e,  7  1  )bed,  the  lateral 
.i  lobed  ;  corymbs  proli- 
ferous. 


Mich.  1.  p.  294.     Pursh,  I.  p.  343     Nutt.  1.  p.  30r. 

Root  perennial.  leaflets  somewhat  palmate;  lobes  lanceolate, 
doubly  serrate.  Cyme  compound.  Flowers  rose  coloured,  with  3 — 5^ 
styles.     Mich. 

Grows  in  fertile,  wet  meadows^  near  the  mountain;. 

Flowers  June — Aujjust. 


CilLLKyiA.     MoENCff. 

Cali/x  sui)canip;uujla-  I  (V////j:  somewliat  cani- 
tus,  o.denlatus.  Prtula  j  panulate,  .>  toothed.  Pe- 
;">,  ianceolata,  basi  idler-  |  tals  n.  lanceolate,  taper- 
/;ata..     iSturnimi    puuca,  |  ing  at  base.  St  aniens  \t,yf, 

V  a 


&63 


ICOSANDRIA  1)1 — PENTAGYNIA. 


iuclusa.  Styli  5i  Cap- 
siila  5-locularis,  loculis 
S-spermis. 

i.      TlllFOLJATA. 

G.  foliis  ternatis,  lan- 
ce olatis,  serratis  ;  stipu- 
lis 


included.  Styles  5.  Cap-, 
side  5-celled,  cells  2  seed- 
ed. 

Leavts  ternate,  lan- 
ceolate, serrate  ;  stipules 
linear,  entire  ;  flowers 
in  loose  panicles,  5-gyn- 
nous :  calyx  tubular,  cam- 


linearibus,  integris  ; 
floiibus  laxe  paniculatis, 
5-gynis;  calyce  tubuloso, 
campanulato.  panulate^ 

Nutt.  1.  p.  SOT. 

Spiraea  trifoliata,    Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  106S.     Mich.  1.  p.  294.     Pursh,  I.- 
p.  343. 

JRoot  perennial.  Stevt  herbaceous,  I — 2  feet  high.  Leaves  Isinceo- 
latc,  slightly  acuminate,  doubly  serrate,  M'^ith  the  serratures  acumi- 
nate, glabrous.  Stipules  very  minute.  Panicle  terminal?  few  flower- 
ed.    Petals  long,  white. 

The  capsules  appear  to  me  certainly  distinct,  as  in  Spirsea. 

Grows  in  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

Flowers  June — August. 


2.     Stipulacea.     Muhl. 


G.  foliis  ternatis,  lan- 
ceolatis,  inciso-serratis  ; 
stipulis  foliaceis,  ovatis, 
inciso-dentatas  ;  floribus 
laxe  paniculatis,  5-gynis ; 
calyce  campanulato, — ■ 
Willd.  enuin. 


Leaves  ternate,  lance-> 
olate,  deeply  serrate  5 
stipules  leaf-like,  ovate, 
notched  and  toothed  ; 
flowers  in  loose  panicles, 
5-gynous  ;  calyx  cam- 
panulate. 


Nutt,  1.  p.  303. 

Spirxa  stipulacea,  Muhl.  Cat.     Pursh,  1.  p.  343. 

In  habit  resembling  the  preceding  species.  Leaves  narrow,  lanceo- 
late, deeply  serrate,  glabrous.  Stipules  large,  leaf-like,  ovate,  lancer 
olate,  deeply  notched.     Flowers  white. 

Grows  near  the  Saluda  mountains.     Dr.  MacbriJe. 

Flowers  June — 3\\\yi 


ICOSANDIIIA  POLYGYNIA. 


5G8 


POLYGYXIjI 


ROSA.     (iEN.  PL.  803. 


L'(ihf:v  urccolatus,  collo 
courctatus,  j-fulus.  Pctn- 
fa  5.  Semiria  pluriina, 
liispida,  calycis  intcriori 
latcii  allixa. 

1.       PvilVlFLORA. 

R.  fructibus  glol)osis, 
pcdunculisque  hispklis  ; 
pctiolis  pul)csceiiti!)us, 
sul)aculeatis  ;  aculcis  sti- 
pularihus  rectis  ;  tbiiolis 
elliptico-lanceolatis,  sim- 
pliciter   sonati:<,  j^labris 


Califx  urceolate,  coQ- 
tractcil  at  the  throat,  5 
clelt.  Pdah  .j.  Seeds 
numerous,  hispid,  attach- 
ed to  the  interior  side  of 
the  calyx. 

Fruit  globose,  and,  with 
tlie  peduncles,  hispid  ; 
petioles  pubescent,  some- 
what prickly;  the  stipular 
prickles  strai2;ht  ;  leaves 
elliptic  lanceolate,  simply 
serrate,  glabrous ;  flowers 
generally  in  pairs. 


lloribus    subgeminatis. — 
Pursh,  1.  p.  344. 

Sp,  pi.  2.  p.  1068. 

R.  Caroliniana,   Mich.  1.  p.  293. 

Root  creeping.  Stem  about  2  feet  hi^li,  glabrous,  dotted?  brandies 
somewhat  ;2;cirKulate.  Leaves  quinatf. ;  the  lateral  ieatlets  generally 
oval,  obtuse  ;  the  terminal  lanceolate,  acute — all  a  little  hairy  but 
lucid  on  the  upper  surface,  pubescent  and  paler  on  tiie  lower.  Spines 
by  pairs  at  tlie  base  of  each  petiole,  j;cuerally  straight,  sometimes  re- 
curved, smaller  ones  irregularly  scattered  along  the  stem.  Flowers 
terminal,  solitary,  sometimes  by  pairs.  Calyx  somewhat  hispid  ; 
the  segments  subulate,  acuminate,  the  3  exterior  laciniate.  J'etals 
obovate,  eniarginate.     The  niature/r;a'f  nearly  glabrous. 

Grows  in  dry,  fertile  soils;  in  C'liatham  county,  Georgia,  not  nn- 
conimon. 

Flowers  May — June. 


2.      LirinA. 

R.  fructibus  depresso- 
gloi)osis,  pedunculi^que 
subhispidis  :  pctiolis  gla- 


Fruit  globular,  de|)ress- 
ed,  and,  with  the  pedun- 
cles,   somewhat   hispid  : 


564 


ICO  SAND  RIA  POLYGYNIA, 


bris,  subaculeatis  ;  caule 
glabro  ;  aculeis  stipulari- 
bus  rectis  ;  foliolis  ovato- 
lanceolatis,  obtusiusculis, 
grosse  serratis,  glabris. 
nitidis ;  floribiis  subgenii- 
nis  ;  calycis  foliolis  inte- 
gris.    Pursb,  i.  p.  341. 


petioles  glabrous  and  a 
little  prickly ;  stem  gla- 
brous ;  slipular  prickles' 
straight  ;  leaflets  ovate 
lanceolate,  obtuse,  with 
large  serratures,  glal)rous, 
shining ;  flowers  general- 
ly in  jjairs  ;  segments  of 
tlie  calyx  entire. 


Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  1068 

R.  Carolina  ?    Walt.  p.  149. 

A  shrub,  4 — 6  feet  hij^li,  with  creeping  roots,  and  erect,  glabrous, 
coloured  stems;    small    branches   somewhat  geniculate  and    hairy. 
l.fajie.ts  generally  seven,  rather  acute,  pubescent  along  the  margin 
and   the   under  surface,   paler  beneath  ;  prickles  in  pairs,  recurved. 
Flowers  in  small  corymbs  ;  the  branches  frequently  triflorous.     Seg- 
ments of  the  cahj.v  foliaceous,  longer  than  the  corolla,  pubescent,  three- 
of  them  laciniate,  two  simple.     Petals  obcordate. 
I  am  not  certain  that  the  plant  1  have  described  is  the  real  R.  lucida 
of  Willdenow,and  therefore  I  have  left  the  specific  character  unaltered,. 
altl;ouu:h  the  description  below  will  be  found  to  differ  from  it  in  sev- 
eral particulars.     This  species-  has  usually  been   considered  in  this, 
couitry  as  the  R.  Caroliniana. 

G.ows  along  the  margins  of  swamps.     Common, 

Flowers  May, 


S.     Gemella. 

K.  fruetibus  depresso- 
globosis,  pedunculisque 
glabris ;  floiibus  subgem- 
inatis ;  foliis  ol)longis,  a- 
cutis,  opacis  ;  petioliir^,  ve- 
nisque  sul>tus,  pubescen- 
tibus  ;  aculeis  stipulari- 
bus  uncinatis,  geniinatis. 
Wilkl.  enum.  544. 


Fruit  globose  depress- 
ed, and,  with  the  pedun- 
cles, glabrous  ;  flowers 
generally  by  pairs ;  leaves 
oblong,  acute,  opaque  i 
petioles  and  under  sur- 
face of  the  veins  pubes- 
cent ;  stipular  prickles 
hooked,  by  pairs. 


Pursh,  1.  p.  344. 

Branches  slender,  somewhat  smooth,  and  J2;laucous.  Leaflets 
7,  smaller,  thinner  and  more  acutely  serrate  than  th6  last,  ratlier 
glaucous  and  downy  beneath,  their  veins  as  if  fringed.  Leaf-stalks 
and  stipules  finely  downy  and  hoary.  Flowers  terminal,  in  pairs  on' 
short,  smooth  peduncles,  enveloped  in  large  downy  biacteas.  Germ 
exactly  globular,  quite  smooth  and  naked.     Segments  of  the  calyx 


ICOSANDRTA  POLYSYNIA. 


d09 


wndutii  at  lite  base,  ilowny  at  tlie  ed^es  and  toward  the  summit,  sim- 
ple, 'ipathiilatc  at  the  end.     Sinifli  in  Itees  Cvchip.  sub  Itosa. 

Grows  on  dry, sunny  lulls.    A  low  shrub,  with  lurj;;e  flowers.     Pursh. 

Flowers  July. 


4.     Seticeua.     Midi. 

U.  fructihus  i^lobosw ; 
pctioUs  venisque  aciilea- 
tis  ;  ramis  e;lal)ris  ;  acu- 
leis  gciuwiis  spaisisquc  j 
foliolis  (3 — 5)  aciimtna- 
tis,  glahris ;  calycis  fo- 
Jiolis  sul)pcnnatini  sctigc- 
ris.     Mich.  i.  p.  :i93. 


Fruit  globose,  ^vitl^ 
the  petioles  and  vein.s 
prickly  ;  l)ranclics  iila- 
broiis  ;  ])ricklcs  by  pairs 
and  scattered  ;  leaflets 
(3 — 5)  acuminate,  ^ia- 
l)rous;  leaflets  olthe  calyx 
feathered  with  biistles. 


Pursh,  l.p.545. 

Leaves  2;labrou<»,  acuminate.     Prickles   sparingly  scattered   alon^; 
tlie  branches,  besides  the  pair  at  the  base  of  each  leaf.     Mich. 
Grows  in  tlie  low  country  of  Carolina. 
Flowers 


5.     Carolina. 

R.    iVuctibus    globosis, 

pcdunculisque    subhispi- 

dis  ;   petiolis  pilosis,  sub- 

aculeatis  ;    caulc  glabro  ; 

aculeis    stipularil)us  suh- 

uncinatis  ;  Ibliolis  (5 — 7) 

oblon^o-lanceolati.'*,  acu- 

tis,   ai'gute   serratis,  sub- 

tus  cjlautis  ;    floribus   co- 

ryinbosis.     Pursli,    1.   p. 

345. 

Sp.  pi.  ;2.  p.  10C9. 

IL  Pcnnsylvanica,  Mich.  1.  p.  29G. 

A  shrub,  5 — G  feet  high,  erect,  bushy,  with  red,  »mooth  and  some- 
what glaucous  braticlie*.  Lfojlfts  lar^e,  finely  sen  ate,  jjlaucdus  and 
poijostent  underneatli.  Flowers  numerous  in  tacli  corvmb,  lar"-e, 
crimson,  on  short  peduncles.     .Smith,  in  Cvclnp. 

Grows  in  .shaded,  rich,  damp  s(»ils.  Rare  in  this  rountrv,  from 
which  its  name  has  been  derived.  It  is  (»roi»ab!e  that  the  K,  lucid^u 
vocommo!!  in  our  swamps,  waa  retlly  the  orijjinal  R.  Carolina. 

Klower^ 


Fruit  2;lal)ose,  and,  with 
the  |)edunclcs.  somewhat 
his|)id  ;  petioles  hairy, 
somewhat  prickly  ;  stem 
<2:lai)rous;  stipiiiar  pi  i(  kles 
hooked;  leaflets  (.5 — 7; 
oblong  lanceolate,  a<'Ute. 
siiarply  seriate,  glau- 
cous underneath:  flowei'* 
in  corymbs. 


566 


ICOSANDRIA  POLYGYNIA. 


6.     LuTEScENS.     Piirsh. 


R.   fructibus   globosis, 

pedunculisque     glahns  ; 

ramulis  hispido-spinosis ; 

foliolis  (7 )  ,a;labris,  ovali- 

bus,    acuiiiinato-serratis  ; 

petiolis  inermibus  ;  flori- 

bus  solitariis  ;  laciniis  ca- 

])  cis  lanceolatis,  cuspida 

tis ;  petalis  ovalibus,  ob- 

tusissimis.      Pursh,  ^,  p. 

735.  I 

Floivers  white,  with  a  faint  tinge  of  yellow. 

Grows  in  Carolina  ;  Pursh.     Cultivated  in  the  gardens  in  England. 
Perhaps  a  garden  variety. 
Flowers 


Fruit  globose,  and,  with 
tbe  peduncles,  glabrous  ; 
branches  hispid  spiny  ; 
leaflets  (7)  glabrous,  o- 
val,  with  the  serratures 
acuminate  ;  petioles  un- 
armed ;  flowers  solitary; 
segments  of  the  calyx 
lanceolate,  cuspidate ;  pe- 
tals oval,  very  obtuse. 


7.     Suave  GLENS. 

II.  fructibus  ovatis  ;  pe- 
dunculis  petiolisque  glan- 
duloso-hispidls  ;  caule 
glabro,  aculeis  tenuibus, 
subrecurvis  ;  foholis 
(5 — 7)  rotundato-ellip- 
ticis,  supra  pubescenti- 
bus,  subtus  su!)glandulo- 
sis.  Smith  in  Cyclop. 
sub  Rosa. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  346. 

Branches  long,  slender  ;  prickles  long.  Floivers  pink,  small,  often 
but  not  always  solitary.  Segments  of  the  calyx  not  always  simpld, 
2  of  tliem  frequently  pinnate.  Jhruit  smooth  or  somewhat  prickly. 
Smith. 

Grows  near  the  mountains,  where  it  is  called  wild  sweet  briar,  and 
is  considered'as  indigenous. 

Flowers  May. 


Fruit  ovate,  with  the 
peduncles  and  petioles 
glandularly  hispid ;  stem 
glabrous,  prickles  slen- 
der, slightly  recurved  ; 
leaflets  (5- -7)  I'ound  el- 
liptic, pubescent  on  the 
upper,  glandular  on  the 
lower  surface. 


8      Ljevigata.     Mich. 
R.   fructiiiu.s    oblongis, 
hsipiuis;  fohis  perennanti- 


Fruit   oblong,  hispid  ; 
leaves  perennial,  ternate  j 


ICOSANnniA    POLYGTNIA. 


567 


lcall(Ms  lanceolate,  ser- 
rate, coriaceous,  lucid  ; 
flowers  solitary,  terniiiml. 


bus.  ternatis  ;  Ibliolis  lan- 
ceolatis,  seriatis,  coria- 
cei>.  luridis;  florilius  soli- 
taiiis.  leriniiialil>us.      K 

Mich.  1.  p.  '205.     Purslj,  1.  p.  345. 

A  shrub,  \vitl>  lon^  flexible  branches,  whic))  may  be  trained  to  10, 
13  or  '20  feet  higli,  but  uhen  left  unsupixirti'il  fall  to  the  eartli  and 
takr  root;  branches  platirous,  and  armed  with  very  stroni;  recurved 
prickles.  Leaven  very  j:;lossy  and  smooth,  prickly  alotu'  the  under 
side  of  the  midrib,  very  rarely  qtiinate.  F/oicers  on  ^niail  lateral 
brandies.  Segments  of  the  caly.v  une(|ual,  all  acuminate,  ^  leaflike 
at  the  summit,  serrate.  •  Petals  white,  obovate,  obtuse,  with  a  point 
irres;ulai'ly  crenulatc. 

This  plant  in  its  habit  and  appearance  has  very  little  resemblance 
to  its  conveners.  It  has  been  cultivated  in  the  gardens  in  iietirgia 
for  upwards  of  40  years,  under  the  name  of  the  "('herokee  Rose," 
but  its  ongin  is  still  ob^^cure. 

In  our  rural  econon>y  this  plant  will  one  day  become  very  import- 
ant.    For  the   purpose  (d    forming  hediies.  there  is  perhaps    no  plant 
which  unites  so  many  advantages.    For  <[uickness  of  growth,  facdity  of 
culture,  strength,  durability  and  beauty,  it  has  perhaps  no  rival- 
Grows  in  moist  soils.  ()referring  close,  rich  loam 
Flowers  April,  principally,  but  occasionally  through  the  summci-^ 


RUBUS.     Gen.  pl.  8fi4. 


Cah/T  patens,  ."j-iidus. 
Petahi  i>.  Baccu  conipo- 
sita,  acinis  nionosperinis 

1.       ViLLOSCS. 

R.  pubescens.  bispidus 
aculeatusque  ;  caulc  an- 
gulato  ;  Ibliis  (3 — 5)  di- 
gilatis,  ovaji-lanceolalis, 
acuniinatis,  duplicato-ser- 
ratis  ;  racenio  laxo.  pcdi- 
cellis  solitarii??. 


Caljix expandinfj:.  5  clelll. 
Petals  5.  Bern  I  com- 
pound, \vitb  tbc  acini  or 
pulpy  grains  one  seeded. 

Pui)escent,  bispid  and 
prickly  ;  stem  angled  : 
leaves  (3 — 5)  digitate, 
oval  lanceolate,  at  uini- 
nate,  doubly  se irate  j  ra- 
cemes loose,  with  the 
pedicels  solitary. 


Sp.  pl.  2.  p.  1085.     Mich.  l.p.  ilOr.     Pursh,  1.  p.  34G. 
R.  fruticosus,  ^^'alt. 

Root  creeping,  stolonifcrous      Stem  generally  erect,  4 — 8  ieei  high, 
flexuous,  branching;  the  young  branches  pubescent,  the  old  ncarlv 


^68 


ICOSANDRIA  POLYGYNIA. 


elabrous :  all  armed  with  rigid,  reflexed,  prickles.  Leaves  frequently 
acute,  villous,  particularly  oa  the  under  surface,  prickly  alon^  the 
midrib,  obtuse,  and  even  slightly  cordate  at  base  ;  the  intermediate 
leaflet  longer,  on  a  petiole  about  half  an  inch  long,  the  lateral  ones 
nearly  sessile.  Stipules,  2  at  the  base  of  each  petiole,  small,  subulate, 
hairy.     Flowers  in  simple  racemes,  which,  from  the  length   of  the 


obovate,  white,  3 — 4  times  as  long  as  the  calyx.  Filaments  short. 
Jlnthers  at  first  nearly  white,  afterwards  purple.  Fruit  black,  tolera- 
bly well  flavoured,  though  with  a  perceptibly  bitter  taste. 

Grows  in  damp  soils,  forming  compact  and  almost  impenetrable 
thickets. 

Flowers  April ;  ripens  its  fruit  in  June.       High  husfi-blackberry. 


S.     CuNEiFOLius.     Pursh. 


Stem,  petioles  and  pe- 
duncles pubescent;  stem 
erect,    slightly    angled ; 


leaves  ternate  ;  leaflets 
oval  lanceolate,  acute,  cu- 
neate  at  base,  dentate, 
plicate,  tomentose  under- 
neath :  racemes  loose : 
pedicels  l  flowered. 


R.  caule,  petiolis  pe- 
dunculisque  pubescenti- 
bus  ;  caule  erecto,  sub- 
anguiato  ;  folils  ternatis  ; 
foliolis  ovali>lanceolatis, 
acutis,  basi  cuneatis,  den- 
tatis,  plicatis,  subtus  to- 
mentosis  ;  racemis  laxis  ; 
pedicellis  unifloris.     £. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  347. 

R.  parvifolius,  Walt.  p.  149. 

Stem  about  2  feet  high,  erect,  slightly  angled,  armed  with  subulate^ 
recurved  prickles,  bearing  a  few  branches.  Leaves  rarely  quinate, 
plicate,  coarsely  and  doubly  serrate,  hairy  on  the  upper  surface,  to- 
mentose and  glaucous  underneath,  tapering  towards  the  base,  then 
terminating  abruptly.  Petioles  prickly,  somewhat  tomentose.  Jia- 
cemes  simple  at  the  end  of  the  branches,  resembling  corymbs  from 
the  length  of  the  inferior  peduncles.  Segments  of  the  calyx  lanceo- 
late, acuminate,  3  nerved,  tomentose.  Petals  oval,  thrice  as  long  as 
the  calyx,  white,  tinged  with  rose-colour.  Fruit  ovate,  juicy,  eata- 
h\e. 

The  fruit  in  this  species  is  by  no  means  dry,as  mentioned  by  Pursh. 
It  is  perhaps  superior  in  flavour  and  size  to  the  preceding. 

Grows  in  dry  soils. 

Flowers  April.     Ripens  its  fruit  in  June. 


3.       OCCIDENTALIS. 

R.    ramis    ]^etiolisque 
glaucis  aculeatisquc  ;  lb- 


Branches  and  petioles 
glaucous    and    prickly  : 


IC08ANDRIA  POLYGYNIA. 


66% 


Jiis  (crnatis,  ovalibns,  acu- 
ininatis,  aiihlobatis,  du- 
plicato-serraiis,  suhtusca- 
no-tomentosis ;  |)etiolis 
tereiibus ;  raceinis  tcnni- 
nalibus. 

Sp   pi.  2   p.  1092.    Walt.  p.   149? 


Iraves  tcmate,  oval,  acu. 
miiiatc,  somewhat  lobed, 
doubly  serrate,  under« 
neath  hoary  and  tonien* 
tose ;  petioles  terete ; 
racemes  terminal. 

vlich   1.  p.  297.     Pursh.  I.  p.  347s 

Stem  terete,  conspicuous  for  its  fine  glaucous  hue,  even  in  a  dried 
State.  IjpavfS  Si\l  toriiate  ;  tl>e  lateral  leaves  often  furni*ilied  with  a 
notch  or  lube.  Frickles  on  the  peduncles  very  nunisrous  and  hooked- 
^«fa/s  small,  white,  commonly  emarginate.  Fruit  black,  sometimea 
reil,  sweet,  but  not  highly  flavoured.  Afeptfs  wrinkled*  (Smith,  ia 
Rees'  Cyclop.) 

Grows  in  rocky  soils,  from  Canada  to  Carolina. 

Flowers  Virgintan  or  wild  Raspberrj, 

4    Trivialis      Mich. 

R.  sarmentoso-procum- 
bens,  liispidiis  aculeatus- 
que  ;  toliis  teinatis  qui- 
natisque,  ovalibus,  acutis, 
insequalilerdefitatis;  pedi- 
cellis  solitariis,  elongatis. 

Mich.  I  p.  296.     Pursh,  1.  p.  317. 
R.  hispiduft      Walt  p   149. 

Stem  prostrate,  br,inchin<>:,  long,  slender,  terete,  vorj  hispid  and 
armed  with  recurved  prickles.  L<'ai"«?j>  .somewhat  glabrous,pube»cent 
and  hairy  along  the  veins,  when  old  sometimes  acuminate.  Stipules 
al  tiie  base  of  the  petioles,  subulate,  hairy,  serrulate.  Flowers  solita* 
ry.  terminal,  on  small  axillary  branches.  Segments  of  the  calyx  oval, 
uith  a  short  acuminaiiun  I'etah  large,  nea'Ij  round,  white.  Berries 
large,  black,  well  flavored. 

Ihis  plant  appears  to  me  very  distinct  from  the  U.  trivialis  of  the 
Northern  States,  i  have  retained  the  name,  as  Michaux  certainly 
meant  to  describe  our  southern  species 

Grows  every  where  excepting  in  inundated  lands. 

Flswers  March — April.     Ripens  it  fruit  in  Mav. 

Low  Buali- Blackberry     Dewberry. 

5.     Flagellaris. 

R.  sarmentoso-procum- 
bens ;  caulc  tereti  peiio- 
lisquc    aculcalis  ;     foliis 


Procumbent,  trailing; 
hispid  and  prickly ;  leaves 
ternate  and  quinate,  oval, 
acute,  unequally  dentate  5 
pedicels  solitary,  long. 


Procumbent,  trailing 
stem  terete,  and,  wiiji  the 
petioles,  prickly ;  learcs 


7.  s 


aro 


ICOSANDRIA   POLGYNIA. 


ternate,  glabrous,  une- 
qually serrate  ;  corymbs 
terminal,  loose,  pubes- 
cent,  few  flowered. 


ternatis,  e;labris,  ingequa- 
liter  serratis  ;  coryml)is 
terminalibus,  laxis,  pu- 
bescent! bus,  paucifloris. 
Smith,  in  Rees'  Cyclop. 

Willd  enum.  549.     Pursh  1  p.  347. 

Stem  terete,  rather  prickly  than  hispid.  Prickles  recurved,  those 
on  the  petioles  few  and  widely  scattered.  Leaves  smaller  than  those 
of  R*  trivialis,  smooth  and  equal  at  the  base.     Smith.    Pursh. 

Grows  in  fields  and  sandy  woods,  Virginia  to  Carolina.    Pursh, 

ilowers. 


Unarmed,  hispid,  erect ; 
leaves  simple,  acutely  a 
— 5  lobed  ;  corymbs  ter- 
minal, divaricate,  viscid ; 
calyx  appendiculate. 


6.  Odoratus. 
R.    inermis,    hispidus. 

erectus  ;  foliis  simplici- 
bus.  acutis  s — 5  lohatis  ; 
corymhis  terminaUbus, 
divai  icatis,  viscidis  ;  ca- 
lycihus  appendiculatis. 

Sp.  pi.  2.  p.  1GS5.  Mich.  I.  p.  297.     Pu.sh,  1.  p.  348. 

Stem  biennial,  3 — 4  feet    high,   branching,  very  hispid,  brown 
Leaves  large,  serrate,  less  hairy  than  the  stem,  with  the  lobes  acumi- 
nate.    Peduncles  and   calyx  viscid  and  fragrant.     Segments  of  the 
calyx  oval  or  lanceolate,  terminating  with  a  long,  linear,  leafy  point. 
Petals  large,  neat  ly  round,  bright  purple  or  crimson,  very  ornamental-. 

This  species  differs  from  the  rest  in  habit  and  appearance. 

Grows  in  the  mountains,  often  on  the  highest  summits. 

Flowers  June — July. 

7.  Obovatus.?    Obovalis.     Mich. 


\\.  subherbaceus,  his- 
pidus  ;  foliis  ternatis,  obo- 
vatis,  serratis ;  stipulis 
setaceis ;  racemis  subco- 
rymbosis,  paucifloris;  pe- 


dicellis  elongaiis. 


Somevvhdt  herbaceous, 
hispid ;  leaves  ternate, 
obovate,  serrate  ;  stipules 
setaceous ;  racemes  co- 


rymbose,   few  flowered 
pedicels  long. 

Mich.  1.  p.  298.     Pursh,  1.  p.  349. 

Stem  rather  shrubby  than  herbaceous,  hispid  with  rigid  hairs. 
Bracteas  ovate.  Berries  with  only  a  few  large  grains,  black  and 
sweet 

Grows  in  swamps  on  the  highest  mountains. 

Flowers  May — ^July. 


ICOSANDRIA   POLYGYNIA. 

DALIBARDA. 


571. 


Calf/.v  o-Wi^us.  Petala 
5.  Stf/li  5— S,  lonii^i,  dc- 
cidui.     Bacca  sicca. 

i.     LoBATA.     Bald. 

1).  pilosa  ;  foliis  sul)ro. 
luridis,  cordatis,  lobatis, 
crcnalis,  cilialisi  ;  caule 
sub-nudo  ;  pediiiiculis 
multifloris.     B. 


Califx  5  cirft.  Pefnls 
5.  Stt^f-s  5-  8,  long,  de- 
ciduous.    Berry  dry. 

Hairy  ;  leaves  nearly 
round,  cordate,  lohed, 
crenate,  ciliate  ;  stem 
somewhat  naked ;  pedun- 
cles many  flowered. 


Root  fibrous,  perennial.  Stem  erect,  not  t'xcce<ling  five  inches  ia 
height,  supportiu:;a  few  small,  entire,  lanceolate  leaves.  P»duncle9 
generally  many  flowered,  erect,  uinbelliform,  with  leafy  involucrums. 
Flowers  yellow.  The  leaves  sliu;htly  but  uniformly  three  lobed, 
and  the  whole  plant  more  or  less  cloathed  with  a  coarse  pubescence. 
Bald. 

Grows  on  the  hills  on  each  side  of  Flint  River,  Georgia,  near  the 
Creek.  Agency. 

FiuwL'is  April — May. 


2.     FuAcARioinES.     Midi. 


D. foliis  tcrnatis  ;  tbliolis 
cuueatis,  creiiato-lobatis ; 
pedunculis  multifloris. 


J'. 


Mich.  1.  p.  300,  t.  28. 


Leaves  ternate  ;  leaf- 
lets cuneate.  crenate  and 
lobed  ;  peduncles  many 
flowered. 

Pursh.  I.  p.  350. 


Root  perennial.  Stem  creeping.  Leaves  arising  from  the  crown  of 
die  mot.  C(niin\on  petiole  2 — 4  inches  loni;;  leaflets  nearly  sitting, 
cuneate  at  base,  rounded  at  the  summit,  slightly  lobed  The  whole 
plant  hairy.  Common  peduncle  4 — 6  inches  high,  3 — 6  flowered, 
bearing  small  lanceolate  leaves  at  each  division.  Segments  of  the 
•:alyx  expanding.     Filaments  persistent.     Petals  yellow. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  of  C'aroliaaaad  Georgia. 

Vlowcrs  May — June.     Pursh. 


i7» 


ICOSANDRRIA   POLYGTNIA. 

GEUM.     Gen.  Pl.  867. 


Cali^x  iO  deft  Petals 
5.  Seed  awned,  the  awn 
frequently  geniculate. 


Pubescent  :  radical 
leaves  pinnate,  stem 
leaves  ternate,  the  upper 
ones  simple,  3  cleft  ;  the 
lower  stipules  notched  ; 
flowers  erect  ;  petals  as 
long  as  the  calyx  ;  awns 
hooked,  naked,  hairy  at 
the  summit. 


Calyx  iO-Mus,  Petala 
0.  Semina  aristata  :  arista 
plerumque  geniculata. 

1.  Album. 
G.     puhescens ;   foliis 

radicalibus  pinnatis,  cau- 
linis  ternatis,suinmis  sim- 
plicibus,  trifidis ;  stipulis 
inferiorilms  incisis;  flori- 
bus  erectis  ;  petalis  Ion- 
gituduie  calycis ;  aristis 
uncinatis,  nudis,  apice  pi 
losis.     Willd.  enum.  556. 

Pursh,  I.  p.  351. 

Root  perennial.     Stem  herbaceous,  with  branches  generally  expand- 
ing.    Peduncles  axillary  or  terminal,  few  flowered.     Petals  white* 
Grows  along  the  margins  of  rivers  near  the  mountains. 
Flowers. 

2.  Vtrginianum. 

G.  puhescens ;  foliis  ra- 
dicalibus caulinisque  in- 
fimis  ternatis,  superiori- 
bus  lanceolatis ;  stipulis 
ovatis,  subintegris ;  flori- 
bus  erectis ;  petalis  ca- 
lyce  brevioribus  ;  aristis 
uncinatis,  nudis,  apice  pi- 
losis, tortuosis.  Pursh, 
1.  p.  30t. 

Sp.pl.  2.  p.  1113.    Mich.  1 

G.  Carolinianum,  Walt,  p   150 
Lower  leaves  sometimes  quinate. 
cd.    Flowers  small,  white. 
Grows  in  shady  woods. 
Flowers 


Pubescent ;  radical  and 
lower  stem  leaves  ter. 
nate,  the  .  upper  lanceo- 
late ;  stipules  ovate,  near- 
ly entire  ;  flowers  erect ; 
petals  shorter  than  the 
calyx  ;  awns  hooked,  na- 
ked, at  the  summit  hairy 
and  twisted, 

p.  301.   Nutt  1.  p.  509. 

Stipules  small,  frequently  notcK- 


ICOSANORIA    POI.YGYNfA. 


irs 


8.     PAniATUM:     Mich. 

G.  hirsiilissimum  ;  Ib- 
liis  radicalilms  piniialis, 
imparl  amplissiino  rciii- 
formi,  radiati-nervoso, 
(lentato;  caulinisamplex- 
icauiil)us,  inciso-lacei  is ; 
arislis  glal)ris,  apice  sim- 
plicibus.  Mich.  i.  p.  300. 


Very  hirsute  ;  radical 
leaves  pinnate,  the  termi- 
nal one  large,  reniform, 
with  radiating  nerves, 
dentate  ;  the  stem  leaves 
amplexicaule,  notched 
and  lacerate;  awns  glab- 
rous, simple  at  the  sum- 
mit. 

Pursh,  1.  p.  352.     Nutt.   1.  p.'309. 

A  handsome  plant.  Stem  simple,  erect.  Radical  leaves  pinnate, 
the  leaflets  few  and  small  ;  stem  leaves  simple.  Petals  cuiieate,  ob* 
cordate,  yellow,  with  the  base  fulvoug. 

Grows  on  the  highest  mountains  of  Carolina. 

Flowers 


POTENTILLA.     Gen.  pl.  866. 


€'G///:r  10  fidus.  Petala 
3.  Semuia  suhrotunda, 
receptaculo  parum  ex- 
succo  aflfixa. 

1.       NoRWEGICA. 

P.  pilosus  ;  caule  erec- 
to,  dichotomo  ;  foliis  ter- 
natis,  lanceolatis,  inciso- 
dentatis  ;  pediceliis  bre- 
vibus,  solitariis,  axillari- 
bus  ;  petaHs  calycem  sub- 


Ca/z/a-  10  cleft.  Petals 
5.  Seeds  nearly  round, 
attached  to  a  dry  recep- 
tacle. 

Hairy  ;  stem  erect,  di- 
chotomous ;  leaves  ter- 
nate,  lanceolate,  deeply 
toothed  ;  pefHcels  short, 
solitary,  axillary ;  petals 
as  long  as  the  calyx* 


aquantibus,     E- 

Sp.  pl.  a.  p.  1109.     Mich  1.  p.  302.     Pursh,  1.  p.  354. 

Annual.  S/em  erect,  1 — 2  feet  hijjh,  branching,  very  hairy.  Leaves 
trifoliate,  the  upper  ones  simple.  Leajlets  sessile,  entire  near  the 
base.  Stipules  obliquely  lanceolate,  slightly  toothed.  Flowers  late- 
ral at  the  divisions  of  the  stem.  Peduncles  A — 5  lines  long.  Tube 
of  the  calyx  campanulate;  segments  equal,  acute,  entire.  Petals 
obovate,  inserted  into  the  tube  of  the  calyx,  yellow.  Stamens  about 
15,  much  shorter  than  the  calyx.  Germs  superior,  numerous,  collect- 
ed into  a  small  head.     StyUs  short,  slightly  winged.    Stigmas  obtuse. 


574i 


ICOSANDRlxi    POLYGYNIA. 


Seeds  somewhat  crescent- shaped,  turgid,  glabrous,  beautifully  em- 
bessed. 

This  plant  agrees  exactly  with  specimens  of  the  P.  Norweglca 
from  Pennsylvania,  and  Massachusetts.  Can  the  real  P.  Norwegica 
hare  wandered  to  the  sea  coast  of  Carolina  ? 

Grows  on  Charleston  neck,  3  or  4  miles  from  this  city. 

Flowers  June — July. 


S.     Canadensis. 
P.    procunibens,  seri- 
cea  ;  foliis  quinatis,  cune- 


Procumbent,     silky  ; 
leaves  quinate,   cuneate, 


aio-obovatis,    inciso-den-  '  obovate,  deeply  tootbed  ; 


peduncles  solitary,  long ; 
petals  round,  entire,  as 
Ions  as  tbe  caivx. 


tatis  ;  pedunculis  solita- 
riis,  elong:atis  ;  petalis  or. 
biculatis,  integris,  longitu- 
dine  calycis 

Sp.  pi    1106    Walt.  p.  150     Mich.  1.  p.  303.  Pursh,  I.  p.  354; 

jRoof  perennial,  creeping.  Stem  procumbent,  with  a  few  branches. 
Leaves  on  long  petioles  ;  leaflets  sessile.  Stipules  ovate,  acutely 
toothed.  Segments  of  the  calyx  linear-lanceolate.  Petals  bright 
yellow. 

Grows  in  shaded,  rich  soils.  Not  uncommon  even  along  the  sea 
coast  of  Carolina  and  Georgia. 

Flowers  March — April. 


8.     Simplex.     Mich. 

P.  erecta,liirsuta ;  tbliis 
quinatis,  oblongo-ovali- 
bus,  grosse  serratis  ;  pe- 
dunculis axillaribus,  soli- 
tariis,  elongatis  ;  petalis 
rotundato-obcordatis,  ca- 
lyce  longioribus. 


Erect,  hirsute ;  leaves 
quinate,  oblong  oval,  with 
large  serratures  ;  pedun- 
cles axillary,  solitary, 
long;  petals  nearly  round 
obcordate,longer  than  the 
calyx. 


Mich.  1  p.  303.     Pursh,  1.  p.  354. 

Perennial.  5^«m  simple,  angled,  rough.  The  upper  iecvcs  sessile. 
Peduncles  slender,  1  flowered.  Segments  of  the  calyx  linear  lanceo* 
late.    Petals  yellow. 

Grows  in  dry  woods  and  meadows ;  Pursh.  From  Canada  to  Caro» 
Una. 

Flowers  May— August. 


icosANnni.v  i'olygynia. 


575 


FRAGAKIA.     Gen   vi..  865. 


Cali/x  10  cleft.  Pftals 
5.  Keceptucles  of  the 
senl  ovale,  berried,  deci- 
duous. 

Calyx  of  the  fruit  ex- 
pandinc; ;  pubescence  of 
the  petioles  erect,  of  the 
peduncles  appressed  ; 
leaves  f^labrous  on  the 
upper  surface. 


Cah/x  lO-fi'lus.  Prtalu 
5.  Heccptaculiini  srmi- 
num  ovatum,  baccatuni, 
deciduuM). 

1.       ViKGINIANA. 

F.   calycc    fruclus  pa 
tente ;  pul)escentia  pelio. 
loruin   erccta,    peduncu 
loruni   adpressa  ;    ibliis 
supra  giabnusculis.     Sp. 
pi.  2.  p.  lOQK 

Purs!),  1.  p.  350. 

Fragaiia  vesca  f  Walt    p.  150. 

The  j;;enus  Fragaria  is  very  extensively  tliflTiised  over  the  northern 
hemisphere,  and  in  tho  southern,  one  species  at  least  has  i>een  found 
in  Chili.  Yet  every  wliere  the  reseinblunre  is  so  intiniate  and  entire, 
that  it  is  only  in  the  disposition  of  t!»e  calyx  and  pubescence  tliat 
characters  have  been  found  to  discriminate  the  species  For  want  of 
attention  to  these  characters  the  next  species  requires  revision,  and 
is  perhaps  uncertain: 

Grows  in  woods  and  meadows  in  the  upper  districts  of  Georgia 
and  Carolina.     Very  rare  in  tiie  low  country. 

Flowers  February — April.  Wild  Strawberry^ 


3      Canadensis.     Mich. 


F.  major ;  foliolis  am- 
plo-ovalil3us,  lateralibus 
iiianife?te  petiolatis  ;  i)c- 
dicellis  longis,  recurvo- 
pendulis  ;  receptacuhs 
seniinum  globosis,  favo- 
so-scrobiculatis,  villosis. 
Mich.  1.  p.  SDD. 

Pursb,  1.  p   357. 

Grows  in  the  mountains  and  woods  from  Canada  to  Florida.    Mich. 
Flowers  April— May. 


Lar2;e;  leaflets  wide,  o- 
val,  the  lateral  ones  dis- 
tinctly petiolate  ;  pedi- 
cels long,  recurved,  pen- 
dulous ;  receptacles  of 
the  seed  globose,  honey- 
combed, villous. 


576  ICO  SAND  RIA    POLYGYNIA. 

CALYCANTHUS.     Gen.  pl.  870. 


Calyx  urceolatus,  su- 
perne  multifidus,  squar- 
rosus,  laciniis  petaloideis 
coloratis.  CoroHa  o.  Sty- 
U  pluiimi.  Seniina  plu- 
rima,  iiuda,  Isevia,  intra 
calycem  ventricosum, 
succulentuni. 

1.     Floridus. 

C.  laciniis  calycis  lan- 
ceolatis ;  foliis  lato-ovali- 
bus,  acutis,  subtus  tomen- 
tosis  ;  ramis  patentibus. 
Willd.  enum.  550. 


Cahix  urce elate,  niany 
cleft  above,  squarrose, 
with  the  segments  colour* 
ed,  resembling  petals. 
Corolla  0.  !Stylrs  many. 
Seeds  numerous,  naked, 
smooth,    contained  in  a 

I  vcntricose  succulent  ca- 

|lyx. 

I      Segments  of  the  calyx 

I  lanceolate  ;  leaves  wide, 

oval,    acute,    tomeiitose 

underneath  ;     branches 

expanding. 


Sp.  pl.2.  p.  1119    Mich.  1.  p.  305.  Pursh.  1.  p.357.  Nutt.  l.p,  312. 
C.  sterilis.     Walt.  1.  p.  151. 

A  shrub  3—7  feet  high,  erect,  virgate,  stoloniferous,  the  young 
branches  pubescent.  Leaves  opposite,  sometimes  acuminate,  entire, 
on  short  petioles.  Floivers  solitary,  axillary  and  terminal,  on  short 
branches.  The  petaloid  segments  of  the  calyx  disposed  nearly  in  2 
series.  Filaments  minutely  pubescent,  the  interior  generally  without 
anthers.  Capsule  turbinate,  as  large  as  a  small  pear,  becoming  dry 
Avith  the  seeds  loose,  but  never  opening.     Seeds  oval,  large. 

Grovvs  in  fertile  soils,  along  rivulets.  Not  rare  in  the  upper  dis- 
tricts of  Carolina  and  Georgia;  very  rare  in  the  lower. 

Flowers  April.  Sweet-scented  Shrub* 


3.     Inodorus.     E. 

C.  laciniis  calycis  li- 
neari-Ianceolatis,  pubes- 
centibus  ;  foliis  lanceola- 
tis,  supra  scaberrimis  ni- 
tentibusque,  subtus  Isevi- 
bus ;    ramis    patentibus. 


Segments  of  the  calyx 
linear  lanceolate,  pubes- 
cent ;  leaves  lanceolate, 
scabrous  and  shining  on 
the  upper,  smooth  on  the 
lower  surface ;  branches 
expanding. 


E. 

A  shrub,  4—6  feet  high,  with  branches  virgate,  glabrows,  though 
bearing  whea  young  a  few  scattered  hairs.  Leaves  entire,  sometimes 


ICOSANDRfA     POLYGYNfJL* 


577 


slightly  acuminate,  witit  tlie  veins  conspicuous,  (glistening  as  if  viscid 
on  tlie  upper  surface,  sinuotli  uiulorm-afh  excepting  tlie  veins,  which 
are  pubescent,  l* lowers  lara;pr  than  ttiuse  ol  llie  prrcedinj:  species, 
terminal  and  axillary  :  the  axillary  flowers  generally  on  .-liort  branch- 
es. I'etaloiil  se^uients  ttl"  tlie  calyx  tMck,  dark  purple,  with  the  re- 
fli'Cted  suniuHts  wiute,  in  series  ot  which  the  exienor  and  interior 
are  smaller  than  the  intennediate  segments.  Filaments  numerous^ 
inserted  on  the  calyx  in  several  series.  Jnthera  att.iched  to  the  back  of 
the  exterior  filaments,  none  o-i  the  interior.  Htyles  snorter  tliau  liie 
starnens.     ifti^inas  somewhat  capitate. 

1  propose  this  species  with  hesitation,  yet  it  appears  to  me  8uffi« 
cientiy  dislinct.  In  the  form  and  si/.e  of  the  leaves  it  a;5rees  with 
the  is.  Floridus,  but  diHers  iVoiu  that  species  in  their  surface  aid  by  its 
inodorous  dowers.  Its  leaves  are  smaller  and  le!>s  acuminate  tlua 
those  of  C.  Ixvigatus. 

Grows  in  the  low  country  of  Georgia.  Rare.  Occurs  occasiuaallj 
in  tjardens. 

Flowers  March — April. 


3.     L;EViGATrs. 

C.  laciniis  calycis  lan- 
ceolatis  ;  toliis  ovulihus, 
sensiin  acuininatis,  sub- 
ru^osis  utrinque  glab- 
ris  viiidibusqae  ;  rainis 
stride  crectis. 


Se2;mpnts  of  the  calvx- 
lanceolate  ;  leaves  oval, 
gratluciily  acuminate  ; 
somewhat  rugose,  glal)- 
rous  and  green  on  both 
sides  ;  branches  straight 
erect. 


Pursh,  1.  p.  358. 

C.  ferax    Mich.  1.  p.  305. 

Stem  4 — 6  .feet  high.     Leaves  large,  oval  and  lanceolate, tCHminate, 
thin,  and  scarcely  at  all  scabrous  on  either  surface. 
Flowers  in  May. 

4.     Glalcus. 

C.  laciniis  <  alycis  lan- 
ceolatis  ;  toliis  lanceo- 
latis,  lon,2;e  acuminatis, 
sul)tus  giaucis  j  ramis  pa- 
tcntibus. 


SesiTTients  of  the  calyx 
lanceolate  ;  leaves  lan- 
ceolate, with  a  long  acu- 
mination,  glaucous  under- 
neath ;  branches  expand- 
ing. 


Pursh,  t.  p.  357. 

Nutall,  var.  b.  oblongifolius,  l.p*  312. 

C.  fertilii  ?  AValt.  I.  p.  13i. 

A   4 


67S  ICOSADRIA    POLYGYNIA. 

Shrub  6 — fi  feet  high,  glabrous.  Lmveft  larger  than  in  any  other 
Species,  with  very  long  acuminations,  smooth  underneath)  with  a  fev7 
hairs  sprinkled  along  the  veins.     Flotvers  large. 

Grows  in  the  upper  districts  of  Carolina. 

Flowers  Maj— June. 


E.YD  OF  VOL.  i: 


D.  H.   HILL  LIBRARY 
North  Carolina  State  Coltege 


ADDENDA' 

A  few  sprcies  arc  sul> joined,  which  have  ocnirred 
to  Die  since  the  publication  ol  the  early  numbers  of 
tliis  work. 


LiNDEUNIA   Pni-RAClA 

L  eaule  irracili.  ei  ecto, 
ranioso.  i>hil)ro;  fohis  ra- 
(lican!)us,  spathiihuoovcil- 
ihus.  superioril)Us  subuli- 
tis  ;  florihus  solitariis,  ax- 
ilhiribus  terrninalihusqu'-; 
peduncuhs  post  llures 
cenliani  retVactis. 


Stem  slender,  erect, 
braiichinj*;.  sjhih'ous ;  ra- 
dical leaves  spathulate- 
oval.  up!)er  leaves  subu- 
late ;  flowers  solitary, 
axillary,  and  t-  rininal;  pe- 
dun(.lc.s  after  flowering 
nfr  acted 

Root  pi-rennial.  Stem  erect,  aii'^^led,  slender,  8 — 12  inches  hi;h, 
brancliing.  Uailical  /^nivs.  sp.ithulate,  oval-  and  like  llie  whole  plant 
glabrous.  Lower  stew  leaves  small,  laiiceola'e,  sessile,  upper  leaves 
subulate  Floipers  solitary,  axillary  and  terminal,  on  pe«luncles 
about  an  inch  lon^.  Calyx  very  small  ilivided  to  the  base,  ComKa 
much  l.)iiu;er  than  the  calyi.  very  pule,  blue,  the  upperlip  nearly  as 
Ion;;  as  the  lo\\«'r»  67amf»«»  slicrter  tlian  the  corolla  Slylt  about  as 
ions;  .'.8  the  corolla.  Stigma  Lilameliate.  tvdunclei  alter  flowering 
refracted. 

Grows  arnu'id  the  mar:;ins  of  punds  in  Ram  w  oil  district,  South  Ca- 
rolina; in  Hinke  c<iunty.aud  ntar  Millcdgeville,  Georgia. 

Flowers  June — Aujju-it. 

FUIHENA   lli^iroA        E. 

F.  loliis  piu'loi'i^is,  va- 
ginisque  hispidissiinis  ; 
caule  sn|)(rne  hispido. 
capitulis  plui'il)us  (5 — 8) 
aisrcgatis,  vahidis  co- 
rollifii5  0valis,n»ucionatis. 


Leaves  long;,  and  with 
the  sheiUh  very  hispifl ; 
stem  hisj)id  ai)0ve:  hea-ls 
ma  y  (.1 — 8)  clusteied  ; 
valvts  of  the  corolla  o- 
vate,  niucronate. 


stem  1 — 2  f»*et  hii^h,  eici't  and  decumbent,  smooth  along  the  lower 
joints.  Leaves  narrrow,  tapering,  4-8  ir-rhes  long;,  many  nerved. his- 
pid, particularly  on  tiie  I(»uer  <iurlacf .  Scales  of  the  amentum,  oval, 
tlie  outer  ones  hispid,  the  inner  ones  tiuely  pubebceut,  awn,  long,  eX" 


880 


ADDENDA. 


panding.  Stamens  3  scarcely  longer  than  the  corolla.  Styles  twice 
as  lonsr  as  stamens.     >>tigmas  5. 

Grow-  in  great  abundance  around  ponds  in  the  middle  districts  of 
Georgia  and  Carolina,  first  sent  to  me  from  Milledgeville  bj  Dr.  Boy- 
kin. 

Flowers  July — October. 

AiNDHUPoGoN  SkCUMDUS.        E. 


A.  paiiicula  sub-rarno- 
sa,  erccra,  secunria  ;  pe- 
dunculis  trifloris,  (loriiius 
mafculis  suhulatis,  vi!!o- 
sis,  hermaptirodito  sessili, 
valva  altera  villosa. 


Panicle  sparingly 
branched,  erect  bj  cund  ; 
peduncl'-s  3  flowered, 
male  florets  subulate,  vil- 
lous ;  the  hermaphrodite 
sessile  with  one  valve  vcr 


ry  villous. 

Perennial.  Stem  erect  5 — 5  feet  high.  Leaves  long,  narrow,  scab- 
rous, particularly  on  the  under  surface.  Sheaths  hairy,  sometimes 
villous  Panicle  erect  12 — 14  inches  long,  composed  of  small  branch- 
es, that  in  t'leir  natural  state  always  turn  to  one  side,  blowers 
awmewhat  crowded  on  the  branclies.  Pedicels  very  slender,  neutral 
florets  nearly  as  long  as  the  fertile,  generally  appressed  to  one  valve 
of  the  calyx,  which  iscompar.tively  naked,  the  other  valve  very  hairy. 
Corolla  shorter  than  the  calyx.  Jiuthen  about  as  long  as  the  corolla, 
yellow,  opening  at  the  summit.  Awn  four  times  as  long  as  the  calyx, 
contorted. 

This  species,  which  though  nearly  allied  to  the  A.  Nutans,  yet  ap- 
pears to  me  very  distinct,  grows  in  great  abundance  on  the  high  ridg- 
es between  the  Flint  and  Chatahoochie  rivers  in  Georgia. 

Flowers  in  September — October. 

URALEPSIS.     Nut. 


Calyx  bivalvis,  2 — 3 
floiis,  corolla  brevior. 
Coro/Za bivalvis,  valva  ex- 
teriore  longiore  tiicuspi- 
data,  nervis  villosis,  he- 
mina  aiillata. 

CoitNUTA.       E. 

U  caule,  foliisque  an- 
gustissimis  pilosis  ;  pani- 
cula  gracili ;  cuspide  in- 
termedia corollam  super- 
ante,  demum  recurva.  E 


Calyx  2  valved,  2 — 3 
flowered,  shorter  than 
the  corolla.  Corolla  s 
valved,  the  exterior  valve 
longer,  3  pointed.  Nerves 
villous.     Seeds  arillate. 

Stem  and  leaves  nar- 
row, hairy  ;  panicle  slen- 
der ;  intermediate  awn 
of  the  corolla  longer  than 
the  valve,  finally  recurv- 
ed. 


ADDENDA.  5tt 

Stem  about  2  leethigh  anil  like  all  tlio  other  Rpecleit  of  tins  genug« 
•  Irv  and  harsh.  Leaves  scarcely  a  line  in  bri-adtli,  the  lower  oneH  4 — 6 
inches  Ion:;,  the  upper  very  short.  Sheath  open,  bhortcrthan  the  iu- 
ternodcs,  sometimes  very  hairy.  J'on/c/*' composed  otatew  small,  one 
or  2  flowered  LMaiiches.  Valyx  nearly  equal,  very  acute,  glabrous, 
purple.  Corolla  lon^icr  than  the  calyx,  exterior  valve  purple,  villous 
alons;  the  niar;jins  and  back,  deeply  cloven.  The  midrib  about  dou- 
ble tiie  length  of  the  corolla  and  a|>|)arently  very  i*li{j;hlly  connected 
with  it ;  erect  when  youn^,  recurved  and  frequently  persistent  when 
old. 

^ince  the  publication  of  the  first  number  of  this  work,  the  Aira  Pur- 
purea has  been  proposed  by  Mr.  Nuttall  as  the  type  of  this  new  pe- 
nus,  to  which  he  has  added  a  second  species  fi«m  Jersey  and  Dela^ 
ware  (IJ.  Aristulata  )  This  wii  constitute  a  third  species  of  a  genus 
which  though  neaily  allic;  to  I'risetum  is  very  distinct,  and  of  which 
the  species  yet  known  are  very  conformable  io  habit. 


LuDwiGiA  Nat^ns.  E. 
L.  nutans,  rrpensque, 
opposilis,  spathuhito  lan- 
ceoldtis  ;  floribus  axillai  i- 
bus,  sessiliims  ;  petalis 
calycem  aequaniibus.    E. 


Swimminjrand  creeping; 
leaves  opposite,  spathu- 
latp-lanceulaie  ;  flowers 
a.xillar  y,  sessile  ;  petals 
as  Ions  as  the  calvx. 


The  whole  plant  clabrous,  creeping  along  the  borders  or  swimming 
in  the  waters  of  shallow  streams,  somewhat  succulent.  Leaves  en- 
tire, with  an  attenuated  base  nearly  half  an  inch  long.  J* Lowers  soli- 
tary, axillary,  sessile.  Leaves  of  the  calyx  acuminate.  Fetais  yel- 
low, as  long  as  the  calyx.  Stamens  about  as  long  as  the  petals.  Cap' 
sute  finely  attenuated  at  base. 

This  plant  has  a  striking  affininity  to  the  L.  palustris  of  this  woik, 
(Isnardia  palustris  auct  :)  it  appears  to  differ  only  bs  its  greater  size, 
which  may  be  owing  to  situation  ;  by  the  presence  of  petals,  and  bj 
the  capsulfs.  wliich  taper  more  at  the  base. 

Grows  in  small  running  streams,  in  Barnwell  district)  near  the 
Court  house. 

Flowers  during  the  summer. 

RUPPIA.     Gen.  pi.  S35. 
Calux  0.       Corolla  0.  I  Calyx  0         Corolla    0. 
Stmina  4,  pediccllata.        I  iSeed  -i,  pedicellate. 

Maritima. 

Sp.pl.  1.  p,  717.     Lamarck  illust.  pi.  90. 

/foof  probably  perennial.  Sfgm  long  floating,  glabrous.  Z>aL'M  al- 
ternate filiform,  embracing  the  stem  at  base  witn  an  inflated  sheath. 
Feduncles  axillary,  somcwhtt  spiral,  long,  bearing  one  or  more  flowerc 


582 


ADDENDA. 


near  its  summit.  Calyx?  two  small  deciduous  leaves  at  the  base, 
of  each  floret.  *Snthers  four,  sessile.  Gerins  fi»ur,  at  first  sessile. 
atyle  none.  Stigma  obi  use.  Frwif  aone  seede*!  nut  f  ovate,  slightly 
bent  at  the  summit  on  pedicels  three  or  four  times  its  own  length. 

Found  by  Dr.  Baldwin  near    t.  Mary's,  Georgia  and  in  Florida. 

Flowers  May — June,  and  probably  through  the  whole  summer. 


EUYNGIUM  PlUKENETII. 

E.  foliis  longisjineaii- 
lanceolatis,  serratis,  invo- 
lucro  8-pliyllo,  capitulis 
longiore,  foliolis  dissec- 
tis ;  paleis  triciispidatis. 
E. 


E. 

Leaves  lon.s:,  linear  laiu 
ceolate,  serrate ;  involu- 
crum  8  leaved,  longer 
than  the  head,  with  the 
leafl.  ts  dissected  ;  chaff 
3  awned. 


Icon.  Pluken,  Amalt.  pi  S9G.  f.  3. 

Foot  tuberous,  prfemors-e.  Stem  2  feet  high,  fistulous,  glabrous, 
branching  near  the  summit  Radical  leaves  8-  14  inches  lonir,  scarce- 
ly one  half  an  inch  wide,  nervose.  glabrous,  the  serratures  becomitig 
sometimes  indis.inct  with  age.  Leaver  at  the  division  of  the  branch- 
es much  dissected,  of  the  involucrum  deeply  notched  near  the  base, 
serrated  towards  the  summit.  Leaves  of  tlie  calyx  mucronate.  Co- 
ToUa  pale  blue. 

This  species  of  Eryngium  which  was  accurately  figured  by  Pluke- 
net,  has  latterly  been  forgotten,  and  the  name  of  Plukenet.  E.  Virgi- 
nianum  applied  to  another  species.  Michaux  was  however  correct 
when  he  called  the  present  E  Virginianum.  E.  aquaticuni,  considering 
it  as  distinct  from  the  plant  of  Plukenet.  The  roots  of  this  plant  were 
sent  to  me  accidently  among  some  other  roots  taken  up  in  St.  Johns 
Berkley;  and  flowered  in  my  garden  for  one  or  two  years. 

Flowers  May — June. 


Myosurus. 

Cali/x  5-phylliis,  deci- 
diius,  basi  porrectus.  Pe- 
iala  5,  ungue  fiiiformi 
tuhuloso.  ^emina  plini- 
ma,  receptaculo  longissi- 
ino,    spicatim   disposita. 

Minimus. 

Sp.  pi.  1.  p   1568. 

Jloot  annual.     Stem  0,     Leaves  1 
Sca2}e  as  long  as  the  leaves,  erect, 
nariow,  reflectea  ?    Corolla  shorter 


Calyx  5  leaved,  deci- 
duous, prolonged  at  base. 
Petals  5,  with  their  fili- 
form claws  tuhular.  iSeeds 
numerous,  arranged  in  a 
spike  on  a  very  long  re- 
ceptacle. 


inear,  entire,  about  2  inches  long. 
1  flowereil.  Leaves  of  the  calyx 
than  the  calyj^.     HUmens   5 — 8, 


ADDKNOA. 


5^$ 


tXA  1(1112;  a>  the*  calvx.  Grrms  niiiin'rous,  on  a  subulate  receptacle, 
wliich  alter  t'lt*  derdv  of  tlie  c<»roll;i  cxteiuls  and  hi'coiit  s  finally  near- 
ly two  inclies  lon-^.  Seeds  (capsules?  cariopsides,  Decandulle)  sessile 
closely  apprrssrd    rboiii1)oidal.  acuminate  at  tlu*  sumuiit 

I  can  perceive  no  dift'ercnce  between  tliis  plant  and  the  European 
species. 

Fftuiul  near  Augusta.  Georgia,  by  Dr.  Leavenworth. 

Flowers  iu  the  spring. 

PolAGONUlM    FlMBRlATLMI.        E. 


P.  spicis  i);iniculdlis  ; 
fl.jiihus  solitLniis,  tiin')ii- 
atis;  ochre'H  tiuncatis,  ci- 
liatis ;  fnliis  lineanl)u.s, 
utiinqiie  acutis.      K 


Spikes  paniculate  ; 
t1f)wcr.s  solitary, tiinhriate; 
stipules  truncate,  frinj:;- 
ed  ;  leaves  linear,  acute 
at  each  end 


Perennial  .•*  Stem  about  2  feet  high,  terete,  glabrous,  branchinj^. 
Stipules  truncate,  glabrous,  fnnued.  The  small  branches,  from  the 
lonj  fringes  of  tlie  stipules,  appear  hairy.  Leaves  alternate,  linear, 
acute  at  each  end,  sessile,  nervose,  glabrous.  Flowers  in  crowded 
spikes.  Spikes  paniculate  Flowers  solitary  at  each  joint,  envelop- 
ed at  base  with  a  bracteal  sheath,  which  is  oblique,  and  ternunatetl  at 
the  summit  with  a  long  awn.  Corolla  while,  tlie  segments  sometimes 
tinged  with  rose  colour  near  the  centre,  and  finely  fimbriate.  Sta- 
mens 8,  as  long  as  the  corolla.  Styles  3.  Seeds  3  angled,  slightlj 
acuminate  at  the  summit. 

Ihis  species  should  follow  the  P.  polygamum,  to  which  it  is  cJoselj 
allied. 

Grows  on  the  poorest  pine  barrens,  on  the  high  ridges  between  the 
Flint  and  Chatahoochie  river,  along  what  is  termed  the  Federal  road. 

Flowers  July — October. 


INDEX 

OF  TUB  GEJ^ERA  AJVI)  SPECIES 

CONTAINED  IN  THIS  VOLUME. 

Tlie  Roman  characters  indicate  the  Genera  and  Speciei  which  are  rCr. 
tained  ;  the  Italic  are  used  for  synonymes* 


ACER, 

barbatum 

Carolinianum 

dasycarpum 

moiitanuin 

ne'^umlo 

nigrum 

Pentisjlvanicum 

rubruin 

saccharinutn 

strintum 
Ai  ERA  I'ES 

lonjjifolia 
ACHYKANTHES 

dicliotoma 

Ficnidea 

poly^onoides 

re pens 

vermicularis 
ACORUS 

calamus 
.EGlLOPtl 

aromaticuni 
iESCL'I.US 

diHcolor 

flava 

lutfa 

inaciostachra 

parvijloru 

pavia 
ACiAVK 
Viijj;itiira 
AGRIMONIA 

eupatoria 

suaveuleus 

B  4 


Page 
449 
451 

449 
4-19 
452 
4J2 
450 
451 
4+9 
450 
431 
316 
317 
309 
308 
510 
309 
309 
310 
403 
403 
177 

ir7 

425 
436 
43*) 

43 ; 

4Mi 
437 
435 
402 
402 
533 
535 
556 


AGROSTIS 

alba 

anomala 

arachnoides 

claiidestina 

decumbens 

dispar 

indica 

juncea 

juncea 

sericea 

tenuiflora 

tricluipodeB 

▼irgiriica 

AIRA 
capillacea 
CaroUniana 
ffexuusa 
mollis 
obtusata 
pallens 
purpurea 
triflora 

ALE  i  RIS 
alhn 
aurea 
farinnsa 

AL1.-V1\ 
parviflitra 
pLi<nta;^o 
suhulata. 
trivialis 

ALLIOMA 
aloida 


134 
137 
99 
134 
138 
136 
136 
138 
137 
137 
135 
134 
135 
139 
151 
152 
151 
151 
154 
153 
151 
132 
153 
398 
393 
3'J9 
398 
433 
434 
434 
434 
434 
187 


580 


INDEX. 


ALLIUM 

Canadcnse 

Canadense 

cemuum 

frngrans 

inodorwn 

mu  labile 

ornithogaliodes 

striatum 
ALOFECURUS 

geniculata 

pratensis 
AMARYLLIS 

atamasco 
A V  MANIA 

humilis 

ramosior 
AMMI 

capillaceum 

costatum 

divaricatum 

tnajus 
tSMJiYHSlJVE 

buxifolia 
AMSONI\ 

an^ustifolia 

eiliata 

lati  folia 

salicifolia 

tabp.rncenion':ana 
^MFKLOPslS 

bipinnata 

cor data 

guinquefolia 
ANAGaLLIS 

arvensis 

hirta 
ANDROMEDA 

acuminata 

angustifolia 

arborea 

axiUaris 

axillaris 

caljculata 

Catesbasi 

CatesboBi 

coriacea 

ferruginea 

formosissima 

iioribunda 

frondosa 


Page 

Page 

385 

laurina 

488 

385 

ligustrinar 

490 

386 

Mariana 

493 

385 

nitida 

486 

386 

/laniculata 

490 

386 

panieulata 

492 

386 

paniculata 

491 

386 

racemosa 

492 

385 

reticulata 

488 

no 

rhomboidalis 

487 

I'l 

rie;ida 

489 

111 

speciosa 

493 

384 

spinulosa 

487 

384 

ANDROPOGON 

143 

218 

alopecuroides 

38 

218 

ambiguus 

145 

218 

argenteus 

148 

349 

avenaceum 

145 

349 

ciliatus 

144 

350 

dissitiftorus 

.     149 

35(1 

furcatus 

150 

349 

macrouros 

149 

483 

melanocarpus 

146 

485 

nutans 

144 

31S 

purpurascens 

ur 

314 

scoparius 

14& 

314 

ternarius 

\A7 

313 

tetrastachyus 

150 

313 

vaginatus 

148 

313 

Virginicus 

149 

3(^4 

ANGELICA 

352 

304 

lobata 

353 

306 

lucida 

353 

305 

triquinata 

352 

235 

AJSTHOXAJ^TTHUM 

37 

235 

giganteum 

38 

227 

odoratum 

37 

227 

ANYCIIIA 

307 

485 

argjroconva 

308 

488 

Canadensis 

307 

4^.6 

dichotoma 

307 

491 

herniarioid«s 

308 

487 

APOCYNUM 

314 

487 

androsaemifolium 

314 

485 

Cannabinum 

115 

487 

Cannabinum 

315 

492 

pubescens 

315 

4«6 

ARyVLIA 

372 

489 

nudtcaulis 

373 

4S6 

racemosft 

373 

488 

spinosa 

372 

49Q 

INDEX. 


♦♦» 


Tape 

Patre 

ARK  V  ART  A 

5  8 

incamafa 

3^0 

Canadensi* 

519 

hnceolatti 

323 

Caroliniana 

5:^0 

lauiifolia 

5'22 

d'rtusa 

a  9 

Imigifiilia 

317 

glabra 

520 

nivea 

3J4 

rubra 

510 

obovata 

021 

serpyllifolia 

518 

obtusilolia 

Ml 

8({uarrosa 

520 

parvi  folia 

SS5 

Rtric\a 

521 

paiipercuia 

i2i 

AKIS    W\ 

140 

pedicellata 

326 

adacensionis 

142 

perennis 

323 

dicliutoma 

Ml 

pli)  tolaccnidcs 

3l9 

|;racilis 

143 

jiolystachya 

320 

aiiosa 

I4.'f 

purpiira.'-cens 

322 

spicifonnis 

Ul 

pui parasceas 

322 

stricta 

U2 

quadnt'olia 

319 

\  RON  I A 

556 

toinertfosa 

320 

arbiitifolia 

r>5G 

tubernsa 

575 

botryapium 

537 

tuberosa 

325 

nielanocarpa 

537 

variegata 

317 

o-  alis 

558 

vci  ticillata 

324 

ARUNDIWRIA 

90* 

viridis 

Sir 

macrospcrina 

96 

vir  iilis 

027 

JWLVV    0 

96 

ASP\RaGUS 

$^9 

gifrantea 

96 

officinalis 

399 

tecta 

96 

A  1 KOPA 

277 

A^AUUM 

631 

physaloides 

$.77 

arifulium 

532 

AUlAXANTIIUS 

10^ 

L'anailense 

531 

ciliatus 

102 

CnroUnianum 

531 

rufus 

103 

Virginicum 

532 

AVKN  \ 

ir4 

Virginicuin 

332 

glumosa 

174, 

ASCLEPIAS 

317 

palubtris 
rensylvanica 

15t 

ampiexicautis 

S32 

14 

•ngastifulia 

3'25 

spicata 

174 

cintrea 

3«.5 

AZ\LEA 

238 

connivens 

320 

bicolor 

SS9 

cordata 

3'J2 

calendalacea 

SS8 

debi/is 

523 

canescens 

S39 

e.raltata 

319 

nuiiiflora 

240 

humistrata 

322 

periclymenoidei 

240 

hybrida 

31S 

viscosa 

Ul 

incaniata 

317 

E 

;. 

BAPTISIA 

466 

BATSCHIA 

ttr 

alba 

468 

cancsct-ns 

-       227 

australis 

4o8 

Gmelini                   ^H^ 

^r  22r 

bracteata 

4(i9 

IJEJARIA                   W 

•^    532 

UnceoUta 

4ti7 

racemosa 

51S 

perfftliaU 

467 

BKRBKKIS 

412 

tinctoria 

467 

Canadensis 

412 

villosa 

468 

vulgaris 

412 

5B9 


INDEX. 


Page 

Page 

BOERHAAVIA 

41 

BRUNNICHIA 

521 

erecta 

41 

cirrhosa 

521 

BlGJ^rOJVM 

24 

BUMELIA 

287 

catalpa 

24 

chrysophylloides 

288 

BRIZA 

165 

lanuginosa 

288 

eragrostis 

165 

lycioides 

289 

BUOMUS 

172 

reclinata 

287 

ciliatus 

172 

tenax 

288 

purgans 

173 

BURMAJ\rJ^M 

43 

secalinus 

172 

biflora 

43 

CACTUS 

c. 

537    CARDIOSPERMUM 

460 

opuntia 

5i7 

halicacabum 

4b0 

CALYCANTHUS 

575 

CASSIA 

470 

ferax 

.       577 

aspera 

474 

fertilis 

577 

Caroliniana 

471 

iioridus 

576 

chamsechrista 

473 

glaucus 

577 

fasciculata 

473 

inodorus 

576 

Jigustrina 

472 

laeviffatus 

577 

linearis 

472 

CALLICARPA 

199 

Marilandica 

473 

Americana 

199 

nictitans 

474 

CALLITTRICHE 

4 

occidentalis 

471 

aquatica 

4 

tora 

471 

heterophylla 

f4 

CATALPA 

24. 

verna 

4 

bignonioides 

24 

CJLY8TEGM 

251 

cordi  folia 

24 

spithamcea 

251 

syringoefolia 

24 

Catesbeiana 

255 

CJlBOMBJi 

416 

•paradoxa 

255 

aubletii 

416 

sepium 

253 

CAULOPHYLLUM 

411 

CAMPANULA 

261 

thalictroides 

411 

acuminata 

262 

CEANOTHUS 

290 

amplexicaulis 

262 

Americauus 

290 

aparinoides 

263 

intermedius 

291 

divaricata 

262 

microphyllus 

291 

erinoides 

263 

perennis 

291 

flexuosa 

263 

CELTIS 

335 

perfoliata 

262 

occidentalis 

335 

CANNA 

1 

CENCHRUS 

93 

angustifolia 

1 

echinatus 

93 

ilaccida 

1 

tribuloides 

93 

glauca 

1 

CENTAURELLA 

204 

CANTUA 

260 

autumnalis 

£04 

cor  onopi  folia 

260 

paniculata 

204 

CAPRIFOLIUM 

270 

verna 

204 

bracteosum 

272 

CENTUNCULUS 

203 

flavum 

271 

lanceolatus 

303 

Fraseri 

271 

CEPHALANTHUS 

186 

gratum 

272 

occidentalis 

186 

parviflorum 

272 

Virginiana 

540 

sempervirens 

370 

INDKX. 


58t 


Page 

Pag» 

CEIUSTJU^M 

52A 

bipinnata 

3.4 

hirsutum 

524 

httilrracea 

305 

semidecandrum 

524 

statin 

304 

\lsc*^%\^^\l 

524 

CLAYTONI  A 

506 

CRR{  IS 

470 

raroliniana 

907 

Canadensis 

470 

Vir;  inica 

SOS 

CKUKSIA 

109 

Virf^inica 

5or 

fluitans 

109 

CLEIHRA 

502 

CKROPEGIA 

?26 

aruiiiitiata 

SOS 

palustris 

see 

alnifolia 

503 

CH  vM.1':r()ps 

431 

alnifolia 

502 

histrix 

431 

paniculata 

5oS 

palmetto 

481 

scabra 

50S 

serrulata 

431 

tomentnsa 

502 

ch.i<:rophyli.um 

:i57 

COLLINSONIA 

34 

Canadcnse 

358 

anisata 

3r 

Claytoni 

353 

Canadensis 

34 

procumbens 
CHENOPOUIUM 

357 

ovalis 

35 

329 

prcBcox 

35 

album 

330 

punctata 

SG 

ambrosioides 

330 

purpurea 

35 

antbelminticum 

331 

scabra 

35 

botrys 

330 

aerotina 

36 

CHIM\PniLA 

504 

tuberosa 

36 

maculata 

505 

verticillata 

SS 

CHIONANTHUS 

6 

C0M\1KLI\A 

4S 

Virginict 

6 

angu<itifi/lia 

49 

CmRO.\JA 

283 

CarMniana 

48 

angular  in 
ralyco.<a 

285 

communis 

48 

285 

communis 

49 

dichotoma 

285 

erecfa 

48 

lanceolnta 

282 

hirtella 

49 

panicnliUa 
CULORA 

283 

lonj^ifulia 

50 

286 

Vira;inira 

49 

dodecandra 

286 

CONOSTYLIS 

403 

CHLOUIS 

177 

Americana 

403 

monostachya 

177 

CONVALLARIA 

395 

^  mucronata 

176 

majalis 

396 

petrrpa 

178 

CON\()   VULUS 

250 

n  1 RY  SOB  AL  ANUS 

539 

aquaticus 

250 

oblunjjifolius 

539 

Carolinus 

258 

CHRYS08PLKNIUM 

511 

Catesbeianus 

355 

uppositifuUum 
CICUT\ 

511 

dissectus 

260 

356 

humistratus 

250 

maculata 

357 

jalapa 

25  S 

CLWVA 

147 

macrorhi/.ug 

252 

lateral  ii 

149 

obtusilnbus 

252 

glumerata 

149 

panduraius 

253 

ClRt\£A 

6 

paradoxus 

255 

alpina 

7 

purpureas 

253 

lutctiana 

7 

re pens 

255 

CISSUS 

.104 

Bai!;ittir(diu9 

354 

ampelopsis 

305 

Sherardi 

J51 

m 


INDEX. 


Page 

Page 

speciosus 

254 

pulesioides 

28 

spithamaeus 

251 

CUPHEA 

546 

Stans 

251 

vicosissima 

546 

tamnifolius 

Q5Q 

CUSCUTA 

220 

tenellus 

250 

Americana 

22Q 

trichosanthes 

250 

cr.\jjjvcHUM 

316 

trichosanthes 

251 

angustifolium 

361 

CORJ^U  OVIM 

99 

(  arolinense 

328 

hyemalis 

99 

obliquum 

329 

perennans 

99 

CTJVODOJ^ 

135 

CORNUS 

207 

dactylon 

133 

asperifoHa 

209 

CYNOGLOSSUM 

228 

Canadensis 

207 

ampleocicaule 

228 

fastigiata 

2^9 

Virginicum 

228 

Florida 

307 

crvosuHvs 

175 

languinosa 

208 

indicvs 

175 

paniculata 

209 

CYPERUS 

63 

sanguinea 

2c  8 

articulatus 

63 

sanguinea 

209 

autumnalis 

64 

sericea 

208 

brizseus 

65 

stricta 

209 

compressus 

65 

CBAT^GUS 

547 

distans 

72 

arboresceus 

550 

enslenii 

73 

apiifolia 

552 

erythrorhizos 

70 

Caroliniana 

554 

fasciculatus 

63 

coccinea 

553 

flavescens 

67 

cordata 

554 

flavicomus 

71 

cru8  galli 

548 

filiculmis 

66 

elliptica 

54-9 

gracilis 

68 

flava 

551 

lydra 

68 

lucid  a 

548 

killingaeoides 

64 

oxyacantha 

552 

mariscoides 

67 

parvifolia 

547 

odoratus 

70 

populifolia 

553 

pogeformis 

64 

populifolia 

554 

repens 

69 

punctata 

548 

spathaceus 

75 

pyrifolia 

550 

speciosus 

72 

spathulata 

552 

strigosus 

70 

tomentosa 

547 

tenuiflorus 

70 

turbinata 

549 

tetragonus 

71 

unilateralis 

548 

tuberosus 

69 

viridis            ,^r  rjr 
viridis             {X  JiP; 

551 
551 

vegetus 
virens 

65 
66 

CUCUBALIS  '  " 

514 

CYRILLA 

294 

stellatus 

514 

Caroliniana 

294 

CUNILA 

27 

raceniiflora 

294 

mariana 

27 

D 

DACTYLIS 

155 

DALTBARDA 

571 

glomerata 

155 

fragarioides 

571 

cynosurioides 

94 

lobata 

371 

maritima, 

95 

INDEX. 


591 


Pajfe 

'»re 

DATURA 

275 

DIGITARfA 

131 

stramuiiium 

275 

dactylon 

133 

tatula 

276 

filiformis 

13S 

DAUCUS 

548 

yaapalodes 

104 

carota 

548 

pilosa 

191 

divaricatus 

3j6 

sati^uinalis 

131 

pu>iltus 

349 

viliusa 

132 

DKCODUM 

543 

D1L4TIIIS 

47 

vcrticillatuin 

454 

Ileritiera 

47 

DEIFMARIA 

5>3 

tinctoria 

47 

barbara 

533 

DILEPYRVM 

98 

J^orsythia 

534 

aristosum 

«S 

sarmentosa 

554 

DWDM 

190 

DlJi.yTllERJl 

hirsuta 

191 

ensiformis 

11 

hispida 

191 

ovata 

U 

teres 

189 

DIAPKNSIA 

229 

tetragona 

190 

aoieifolia 

229 

Virginica 

'90 

barbulata 

229 

DION^^A 

479 

Die  HONOR  A 

338 

niuscipula 
DIFHYLLEA 

479 

i^aroliniensis 

sss 

411 

DICHROMENA 

89 

cymosa 
DIRCA 

411 

ciliata 

90 

448 

lati  folia 

9» 

palustris 

448 

leucocephala 

89 

DRO.-ERA 

375 

DIl  RVILLA 

273 

foliosa 

a76 

canadensis 

273 

longifolia 

576 

lutea 

273 

rotundi  folia 

375 

Tournefortii 

273 

DULR'HllJM 

73 

spathaceum 

7S 

E. 

ECHITES 

312 

EPILOBIUM 

445 

diftbrmis 

312 

tetragonuin 

445 

pnbernla 
ELELSINE 

312 

ERIANTHUS 

38 

175 

alopecuruides 

38 

cruciata 

176 

brevibarbis 

S9 

jiliformis 

175 

contortus 

40 

Indica 

175 

saccbaruides 

38 

mucronata 

175 

titrictus 

39 

ELLiorriA 

44i 

ERIOGONUM 

464 

racemnsa 

448 

tdmentosum 

465 

ELYMLS 

179 

ERIOPHORUM 

92 

Carolinianus 

IW) 

Virgitucutn 

92 

Europ;i:us 

181 

cyperinun 

91 

hy^trix 

181 

erVngium 

342 

Btriatus 

ISO 

aquaticuin 

042 

Virginicus 

180 

aquaticum 

343 

ELYl'RARIA     '      M             H 

aromaticum 

344 

virgrita                      * 

12 

fii'tidum 

344 

EPIGXEA 

500 

gracile 

345 

repens 

iOl 

ovalifolium 

343 

59£ 


INDEX. 


Plukenetii 
virgatum 
"Virginianum 
yuccifolium 
EltYTHRONnUM 
Americanum 

FEDIA 

radiata 
FERULA. 

villosa 
FESTUCA 

bromoides 

distichophylla 

duriuscula 

jiuitans 

grandiflora 

multiflora 

myuros 

myuros 

nutans 

octqflora 

parviflora 

polystachya 

procuwbfns 

guadrifiora. 

tenella 

GALAX 

aphylla 

rotundifolia 
GALIUM 

Bermudianum 

circaezns 

C'laytoni 
'    cuspi  datum 

hispidulum 

hispidum 

laiifolium 

pilosum 

puncticulosum 

purpureum 

trifidum 

triflorum, 

uniflorum 
GAULTHERIA 

procumbcns 
GAURA 
^      aogustifolia 

biennis 


i 


Page 
582 

denscanis 

343 

lanceolatum 

343 

EUONYVIUS 

342 

American  us 

389 

angMstifolius 

389 

atropurpureus 

F. 

42 

unioloides 

42 

FIMBRISTYLIS 

351 

castaneum 

351 

puberulum 

168 

spadiceum 

168 

FOTHERGILLA 

167 

alnifolia 

171 

Gardeni 

163 

FRAGARIA 

171 

Canadensis 

169 

vesca 

169 

Virginiana 

169 

FRASERA 

172 

Walteri 

168 

Carohniensis 

170 

FUIRENA 

169 

hispida 

169 

scirpoidea 

169 

squarrosa 

168 

G. 

295 

GELSEMINUM 

295 

nitidum 

295 

sempervirens 

594 

GENII  AN  A 

196 

acuta 

197 

amarelloides 

194 

angustifolia 

197 

Catesbsei 

195 

crinita 

195 

ochroleuca 

194 

purpurea 

196 

quinqueflora 

196 

saponaria 

196 

saponaria 

194 

GEUM 

197 

album 

195 

Carolinianum 

501 

radiatum 

501 

Virginianum 

445 

GILLENIA 

445 

stipulacea 

446 

trifoliata 

rage 
389 
389 
292 
292 
292 
293 

171 

84 

84 

85 

84 

546 

547 

547 

575 

575 

575 

575 

205 

205 

205 

53 

579 

54 

53 


311 
311 
311 
339 
342 
341 
341 
339 
341 
340 
341 
341 
339 
340 
572 
572 
573, 
57S 
572 
561 
562 
562 


INDEX. 


f?3 


Papc 

Page 

^omvuhexa 

3(^9 

ana^nUidetL 

16 

polyi^nujidt'ii 

309 

aurea 

15 

vermiculnris 

510 

nief^alocarpa 

16 

GONOhOUUS 

6-'7 

Qjficinalis 

IS 

Caroliniensis 

3-8 

pel  uviatia 

15 

hirsiitus 

3  8 

piU)Ha 

13 

inai-Topliyllus 

S27 

quatlndentaia 

14 

ol)li(jU(18 

5 -'8 

ramosa 

14 

prostraius 

5  9 

splia^rucarpa 

H 

GKAIIOLA 

12 

tetragona 

15 

acuminata 

16 

Viigiuica 

12 

acuminata 

13 

H. 

IIALKSTV 

507 

HousroNr\ 

191 

tliptf  ra 

508 

anzustifulia 

492 

tetiaptcra 

507 

cmrulea 

191 

U  \MAMKLI3 

219 

CfBl'ilea 

192 

in<icropliylla 

£20 

Linuuci 

191 

Virjinica 

£19 

Linncei 

192 

HKDEOMA 

27 

loniiiri)lia 

192 

puleirioidcg 

28 

palens 

191 

BE  I)  ERA 

305 

purpurea 

193 

arb'irca 

504 

rotutidifolia 

193 

qmnqurfnlict 

305 

serpvUilulia 

19J 

HKDYOilS 

137 

variana 

195 

auricularia 

188 

HVDR\NGEA 

509 

glomer.  ta 

188 

abnrescens 

509 

umbel  lata 

193 

coidata 

509 

HE  HO    IIOPIUM 

22+ 

nivea 

510 

Curassavicuin 

224 

que-cifolia 

510 

Indicuin 

2C4 

radiata 

510 

HELONIVS 

4^1 

vii'^atis 

509 

An>;ustirolia 

421 

HYiVROCOTYLE 

545 

ai»V-'<»t't^l'J'J*^3 

422 

Americana 

346 

dioica 

4.23 

cymljalanfolia 

546 

dubia 

422 

ficari'i«l<'8 

347 

ervthrosperma 

4Jl 

intorrupta 

345 

gramint-a 

423 

lincata 

347 

luten 

4'2S 

remformis 

347 

DEHITIERA 

47 

repanda 

347 

^melinn 

47 

uniMlnta 

346 

HKL'i  HF.RA. 

337 

un^ be  Mala 

346 

Americana 

337 

vulgaris 

345 

caulesccna              jL 
curtusa           ^HJ'B' 

:?38 

HYDKOLEA 

535 

337 

Caroliniana 

536 

hispida 

5r.7 

coryr»b(tsa 

336 

vi>cida 

337 

qua«lrivalvis 

336 

HnrroNIA 

231 

HVDROPHYLLUM 

232 

inflata 

231 

Virsinicum 

2J2 

jpcuustris 

331 

BYPF.HI'  UM 

S7I 

nudicauU 

sri 

C   4! 


3?4 


INDEX, 


Pa.^e 

Page 

sarnfhra 

S7  1 

filifolia 

397 

HYP.'XIS 

396 

graminea 

S96 

Caroliniensis 

396 

juncea 

397 

erecta 

596 

l&J. 

JLLLECEBRUM 

309 

jsj\r^Ri)U 

211 

achyranika 

309 

pahistris 

fill 

jicoideum 

310 

ITEA 

293 

polifgonoides 

309 

cy  villa 

294 

vermiculatum 

310 

Virginica 

293 

IMPAIIENS 

SOS 

IXIA 

44 

bi flora 

304 

ccelestina 

44 

noli  tangere 

304 

JUNCUS 

404 

nob  tanjrere 

303 

acuminatus 

409 

IPO  MCE  A 

257 

acutus 

404 

bonanox 

3o7 

aristatus 

408 

Carolina 

260 

hie  amis 

406 

Carolina 

258 

bifloriis 

407 

cocciiiea 

258 

bufouius 

407 

dissecta 

259 

bufonius 

407 

jalapa 
lacunosa 

253 

campesitris 

410 

259 

dichotomus 

406 

nil 

259 

echinatus 

410 

orbicularis 

257 

efFusus 

405 

jiurpurca 

252 

fiiiforvus 

406 

iamnifoUa 

2i6 

marginaUiS 

4(18 

trichocarna 

258 

nodosus 

409 

JVOMOPSia 

260 

polycephalas 

409 

elf'gans 

200 

polycephalu» 

410 

JRIS 

44. 

repens 

4(8 

cristata 

44. 

setaceus 

405 

cuprea 

46 

tenuis 

406 

full' a 

56 

triglumis 

408 

hexagona 

46 

JUSSIEUA 

■    408 

Iridentata 

45 

s-rancliflora 

480 

tripetala 

45 

JUSTICIA 

10 

verna 

44 

ensiformis 

If 

versicolor 

4S 

humilis 

11 

Virginica 

46 

pedunculosa 

11 

JSCHMMUM 

179 

seciindatum 

179 

K. 

KALMIA 

480 

KYLUNGIA 

54 

angustifolia 

481 

inacuiata 

55 

cuneata 

482 

nionocephala 

54 

hirsuta 

482 

ovularis 

75 

latifolia 

481 

1 

pumila 

r 

55 

LACIINANTHES 

L. 

47     LAURUS 

461 

tinctoria 

47 

a-'stivalis 

463 

benzoin 

4&g 

INDEX. 


SOS 


P;i(re 

borhnnin 

402 

Caroliuicnsis 

461 

Catcsbevatia 

4G2 

diospyroides 

404 

diospynis 

464 

geniculata 

463 

nipllissafolia 

4G4 

P'^iidubfnxoin 

463 

sassafras 

464 

LECHEA 

183 

juncifntia 

185 

major 

184 

minor 

181. 

racemul'tsa 

18; 

t»'nuif(tlia 

185 

tlivmifolia 

185 

LEKRsr\ 

100 

«    lenticularis 

100 

orvzoides 

101 

Vir^jinira 

100 

L  E  (LYTIC  E 

411 

thalictmides 

411 

LEIOPIIYLLUM 

4  S.I 

buxifnliuin 

48J 

LEPUROPEI'ALON 

370 

spathulatmn 

370 

LKHTSTICUM 

351 

barbinode 

352 

pus  ilium 

356 

LI  LIU  VI 

3S7 

Canaflense 

3Si 

raroliiiianum 

38S 

•   Catcsbii 

387 

■    martngon 

388 

Pliiladelphicum 

387 

superbuni 

889 

LINDERSIA 

16 

atfenuata 

17 

dilata 

16 

pii.ridnria 

10 

LINLM 

3^5 

Vircinianum 

37.5 

LirHOSPERMUM 

2'25 

arvcnse                  -  ^^tQi 

1       2'25 

LOBELIA        ^yj^P 

•       264 

ainoena            ^^^^^V^ 

267 

cardinalig        ^^|H 

26s 

clajtoQiana           "^^ 

265 

crnssiuscula 

ulBridulusA 

iiindta 

Kalmii 

pullida 

pubciula 

syphilitica 

syphih  ica 

Lojyjc  FRji 

iJirrvilla 

dinica 

Jlava 

^rata 

syiu  ph  nricarpa 
LUDNVIGIA 

alata 

alternf'-'ia 

alternitiilia 

angu>t  Julia. 

apftala 

arcuata 

capitata 

cvliiKirica 

decurrens 

glati(iuli)!>a 

liii  "uta 

juss  (uoides 

i^nceulata 

linearis 

vvicrncurpa 

niicrttcarpa 

mollis 

tiltida 

p<ilu>-tris 

pedunculosa 

pilosa 

raiiiosi>sima 
rudts 

spiurocarpa 

suffruticosa 

viij^ata 
LYCIUM 

('ar(»linianura 

LY  oprs 

anjajustifoliua 

oxaltatus 

Eiiropu'us 

ginuatu!) 

VirKinicn^ 


Page 
a65 
265 
2<i6 
364 
2()5 
267 
266 
267 
27X 
i7i 
272 
271 
272 
273 
211 
212 
216 
2l7 
215 
211 
i\5 
SI4 
2i3 
217 
212 
£|6 
217 
213 
214 
2i7 
212 
214. 
fill 
211 
215 
2i6 
217 
214 
213 
215 
21G 
«99 
2  0 
25 
26 
2G 
26 
20 
23 


59S 


INDEX. 


Page 

Page 

LYONTA 

SI6 

punctata 

233 

maritima 

S16 

quadriflora 

^34 

LYSIMACHTA 

232 

quadrifolia 

234 

angustifoHa 

234 

qudiirit'olia 

233 

ciliata 

233 

Virginianum 

226 

Serbemonti 

232 

LY  THRUM 

544 

heterophj-Ua 

235 

alatum 

545 

hrr<iuta 

233 

lanceolatum 

544 

Jiybrida 

234 

iineare 

545 

l^nceolata 

233 

virgatum 

544 

lanceolata 

235 

verticillatum 

544 

longifolia 

234 

M. 

M9LU8 

559 

MICRANTHEMUM 

IT 

angustifolia^ 

559 

emarginatum 

18 

coronaria 

559 

orbiculatum 

17 

MARIS   US 

74 

MIC  ROPE  T  ALUM 

522 

cylindricus 

74 

lanuginosuoi 

523L 

echinatus 

75 

MILIUM 

103 

retrofractus 

74 

distichmn 

104 

J^UVJCA 

50 

paspalodes 

104 

^ublfti 

50 

MITCHELLA 

198 

fluviatilis 

50 

re pens 

198 

MED;  OLA 

425 

MOLLUGQ 

183 

Vir^inica 

425 

verticillata 

183 

MELaNTHIUM 

417 

MONARUA 

23 

dioicum 

4l'3 

ciliata 

SO 

hybriduin 

418 

clinopodca 

28 

loBtum 

421 

fistuiosa 

29 

Jhnnoicum 

418 

gracilis 

29 

mnscmtoxicum 

421 

mollis 

29 

racemoaum 

424 

punctata 

SO 

Virginicum 

418 

MONOCERA 

176 

•Virginicum 

420 

aromatica 

177 

MELIA 

475 

MONOTROPA 

477 

azedarach 

475 

hypopithys 

478 

MEtJCA 

1;)4 

lanuginosa 

478 

glabra 

154 

morisoniana 

477 

niutrica 

154 

uniflora 

477 

MEJVYiJK'THElS 

230 

MONOTROPSIS 

47a* 

trnchysperma 

230 

odorata 

479 

MENZIESIA 

447 

WUHLENBERGIA 

98 

globularis 

447 

diffusa 

98 

MKSFILUS 

558 

erecta 

98 

amelanchier 

558 

MYLO<.ARIUM 

508 

arbutifolia 

557 

ligustrinum 

508 

Canadensis 

558 

MYosons 

225 

hye.malis 

551 

Virginana 

225 

laciniata 

547 

MYllRHlS 

358- 

Claytoni 

S5S 

INDEX, 


69f 


Paee 

rige 

N. 

J^AmUECIUM 

424 

Aicjixnns 

gtr 

piih^ns 

424 

phtffaloides 

ftrr 

NECTIUS 

4:6 

NOlilNA 

4€5 

a(|iiatica 

41'^ 

Georgiana 

4«9 

pa  it  at  a 

416 

0. 

(E  VJi^*TIrb: 

354. 

ONOSMODIUM 

S£6 

Jilifnrmis 

354 

hispiiiuin 

sec 

Carolhiftisia 

554 

OlMIlOUKIilZA 

U7 

(ENOIIIEUA 

441 

lanreolttta 

iSs 

biennis 

441 

initicida 

ur 

biennis 

443 

mitrenla 

*H 

chrysuntlia 

444 

ovatifolia 

far 

Fraseri 

443 

ORNITIIUGALUM 

S9f 

fruticosa 

442 

croceum 

S97 

^randiflora 
<ybri<ia 

442 

OKONTirM 

404 

442 

aquaticucn 

404 

liiiiearis 

444 

OXAL[S 

525 

minima 

443 

corniculata 

535 

moUisfima 

441 

furcata 

5S7 

inuricata 

441 

Lyoui 

atr 

pumila 

44+ 

recurva 

5S0 

siiiuata 

443 

stiirta 

536 

OLDEJ^LJiXDIA 

188 

viulacea 

535 

slomerata 

181 

OXYCOCCUS 

44a 

OLK\ 

5 

erectus 

44r 

Americana 

5 
P, 

erj'tnrocarpus 

447 

PANCRATIUM 

882 

diverjeng 

ISO 

inaritimum 

S8:{ 

eiisifolium 

136 

Mexicaniiin 

383 

Jili  forme 

133 

FANICUM 

111 

geniculatum 

lit 

alopccurodeum 

112 

p;ibbuin 

116 

amaruni 

121 

glaucum 

112 

anceps 

118 

lymnocarpon 
lians 

iir 

ansustifoliuiD 

129 

118 

barbulat'im 

127 

hertellum 

115 

brcvi folium 

122 

Italicum 

lis 

c  a  pi  I  (are 

12'> 

la-vigatum 

112 

ceiichroides 

111 

lanugiriosam 

139 

ciliatum 

126 

lati  folium 

119 

Corruu;atum       ^"^Sf 

113 

inelicarium 

1st 

galli          ^H^B 

11  + 

microcarpon 

I2r 

daciylun            ^J^Km 

133 

miliaceum 

IIT 

d.bile                 ^«^W 

129 

tnolle 

116 

dichotomum 

124 

multifloruiu 

\i% 

dichot'tmijtorum 

117 

nerv(wnm 

131 

dimidiatitin 

1'5 

nitidum 

in 

divaricatum 

118 

ovale 

125 

.^8 


INDEX. 


paucifloriim 

pubescens 

ramulosum 

sanguinale 

scabriusculum 

scoparium 

sphtcrocarpoa 

strigosum 

•villosum 

vrgatum 

viscidum 

Walteri 
PARNaSSIA 

asarifolia 

Caroliniana 
PASi'ALUM 

ciliatifolium 

dasyphyllum 

debile 

dissectum 

distichum 

Floridanum 

laeve 

membranacewni 

mucronatum 

plicatulum 

praecox 

purpurascens 

setaceum 

vaginans 
PENl'HORUM 

sedoides 
PHACELIA 

fimbriata 
TllJiLJiJ>fGIUM 

croceum 
PHALARIS 

Americana 

arundinacea 

villot^a 
FHARJsrJliEUM 

maritimum 
PHIL  iDELPHUS 

grandiflorus 

inodorus 
PHLEUM 

pratense 
PHLOX 

acuminata 

aincena 

aristata 


Pac^e 

121) 

Carolina 

125 

Carolina 

129 

cordata 

ISl 

divaricata 

121 

^laberrima 
latifolia 

119 

125 

maculata 

126 

macidnta 

124. 

nitida 

120 

paniculata 

123 

paniculata 

115 

pilosa 

371 

pilosa 

372 

pyramidalis 

37  i 

reptans 

104 

setacca 

105 

stiilonifera 

105 

suaveolens 

105 

subulata 

10.5 

trifloia 

108 

undulata 

107 

PHYSSLIS 

10G 

angulata 

109 

lanceolata 

109 

obscura 

107 

Pennsylvanica 

106 

Peruviana 

108 

pubescens 

104 

pruinosa 

109 

tomentosa 

528 

viscosa 

528 

PHYIOLACCA 

2'iC) 

decandra 

23t> 

PINCKNEYA 

398 

pubens 
PINGUK  ULA 

398 

101 

cmrulea 

101 

elatior 

1-02 

lutea 

102 

puraila 

556 

PLANER  A 

556 

Gmelini 

538 

PLANIAGO 

538 

Caroliniana 

538 

Caroliniana 

110 

interrupta 

110 

lanceolata 

242 

major 

242 

sparsijlora 

247 

Virginica 

246 

Virginica 

Pap« 
245 
246 
244 
248 
246 
243 
244 
245 
245 
242 
243 
247 
24r 
243 
248 
249 
248 
244 
249 
245 
24.3 
277 
278 
278 
279 
278 
278 
280 
279 
280 
279 
530 
530 
268 
209 
18 
IS 
18 
19 
19 
SS4 
334 
201 
201 
202 
202 
202 
201 
202 
201 
202 


INDEX. 


PLKEA 

t'-iiuifulia 
PO\ 
ainabilis 
ambi':;u.i 
an^iistifdlia 
annua 
autnninalig 
capillaiis 
conft'ita 
cristatn 
eiaijrostis 
/Initans 

f^onifrata 
irsuta 
(iiipuoides 
nitida 
parviflora 
pectmacea 
prntensis 
qiiinqucfida 
refracfa 
reptans 
ri:;iHa 
SPslt'rniJes 
simplp.v 
sppctahilii; 
stolonifera 
striata 
tenella 
tenuis 
viridis 
FOiULVRLq 
alba 

aitstralis 
cccrulei 
ffrfoliata 
tinctoria 
viiiJJ'ira 
i>!  toaa 

Pono^riGMA 

putiescens 
viridis 

POLKMOMUM 

repfans 
PO    YJ'ARPON 

stifiulijifinm 
tptraplivllum 
POLVGOWILM 
an^;Hvtif(Aium 
b  flftrum 
xnultiflorum 


Pttfre 
4o5 
465 

ise 

105 

KiO 

158 

159 

156 

158 

164 

Kil 

ld3 

158 

157 

1G3 

16'2 

157 

I'  1 

1(J4 

lfj4 

162 

1-3 

164 

164 

157 

lfi2 

150 

157 

ICiO 

156 

159 

469 

469 

4o8 

468 

467 

467 

467 

468 

326 

326 

St? 

261 

261 

182 

51 

182 
383 
393 
393 
594 


pubpgcens 
P0LHin\ELL4 

pnrvij'„lin 
POLYGON  L'M 

ariloluim 
aviculare 
bar  ha  turn 
bistnrta 
cttnvolvulus 
fimbriatum 
hirsutuin 
hi/dropiper 
hydrnpiperuides 
incarnatum 
tinifoiium 
marinnm 
maiitiniutn 
mite 

oiientnle 
Ponnsylvanicum 
ptTsicaria 
polv;:amum 
punctatum 
sai^ittatum 
scandens 
sctaccum 
tcnue 

Viruinianum 
p.  iLYPREMlM 

procuinbens 
PONTEDERIA 
cordata 
lancifniia 
POIITULACCA 

oleracpa 
POIAMOGETO^ 
fluitans 
cranuneiim 
heteropbyllum 
hvbridum 
paucifliirum 
PO FEN  TILL A 
('anadensis 
Nurwe^ica 
simplex 

r(f  runs 

ovatn 
PROSERPINACA 

palustris 
pcctina'a 
j)aiustri5 


Patce 

594 

458 

458 

453 

459 

453 

456 

454 

4  9 

583 

455 

4  6 

456 

456 

454 

453 

453 

456 

457 

457 

45G 

553 

455 

458 

459 

455 

454 

454 

200 

200 

381 

382 

382 

534 

534 

231 

221 

222 

222 

222 

222 

578 

573 

573 

574 

404 

404 

181 

181 

182 

182 


4$0 


INDEX. 


Page 

Page 

FRUNUS 

539 

monophylla 

211 

Caroliniana 

540 

tiifoliata 

210 

chicasa 

542 

PULMONARIA 

228 

fayemalis 

542 

Virginica 

228 

hirsutus 

541 

PYROLA 

504 

itisititia 

542 

tnaculata 

505 

f^usitanica 

540 

rotundi  folia 

504 

maritima 

543 

PYRUS 

558 

pumila 

541 

angustifoUa 

558 

serutina 

541 

coronaria 

559 

sptnosa 

543 

PFXWJiJrrHERJ 

Virginiana 

540 

barbulata 

229 

umbellata 

541 

spathulata 

370 

PTELEA 

210 

r 

X 

qUERM 

$07 

\ 

R 

BJlFJ\rM 

elegans 

361 

perfoliata 

467 

glabrum 

361 

MiMfS-U 

pu  mil  urn 

361 

ovata 

521 

radicans 

363 

ilHAMNUS 

g88 

toxicodendron 

363 

Carolinianus 

289 

typhinum 

360 

niiHutiflorus 

?  9 

vernix 

362 

volubilis 

390 

RHYNCHOSPORA 

57 

fiHdPIS 

alba 

57 

acauUs 

430 

caduca 

62 

RHEXIA 

437 

capitellata 

61 

alifanus 

438 

cymosa 

58 

anguhtifolla 

4^8 

distaiis 

59 

ciliosa 

439 

fascicularis 

60 

glabella 

438 

glomerata 

61 

iance.olata 

438 

inexpansa 

61 

linearifolia 

440 

longirostris         ^_4^ 
vnicanthra            ' 

59 

lutea 

440 

58 

Mariana 

437 

pluinosa 

58 

Mariana 

438 

punctata 

60 

petiolata 

439 

rariflora 

58 

septemnervia 

440 

sparsa 

£2 

stricfa 

439 

RIBES 

295 

Virginica 

439 

gracilc 

296 

RHODODENDRON 

483 

rotundifoliuiQ 

29^ 

Catawbiense 

485 

ROSA 

563 

maximuin 

483 

Carolina 

565 

minus 

484 

Carolina 

564 

punctatum 

484. 

Caroliniana 

663 

RHUS 

360 

gemella 

564 

aroinaticum 

364 

laevigata 

566 

^pallinum 

S63 

lucida 

ses 

index:. 


Cfk 


Pape 

Pag© 

Luto^icns 

666 

occidcnfalrs 

568 

pn  villora 

563 

pnrvifolius 

568 

J^funsylvauica 

565 

tiivialis 

569 

S»'(ij^er  a 

565 

VlllosUS 

567 

suaviM»l»Mis 

5b(j 

RIMKX 

4\S 

RoriHOKLLIA 

178 

aceto>sfl1a 

415 

dill)  ill  lata 

179 

Britaiinicua 

414 

RUIilA 

198 

crixpus 

414 

IJrownei 

198 

divaricatus 

415 

pere^riiia 

198 

hastatulus 

416 

Rrms 

567 

persicariuides 

415 

cuiipitoliiis 

5  8 

pulclier 

413 

fta:;pllaii.s 

569 

saiiti;uineU3 

413 

frnticusuS 

507 

verticil  latuB 

413 

hispid  us 

5  9 

RUPI'IA 

581 

oiiovatus 

570 

mdritima 

sn 

odoratUB 

570 

S. 

9  A  HAL 

4S0 

ccBlestina 

33 

adansoni 

430 

(  la>t«)ni 

52 

puinila 

4Sw 

cnccinea 

39 

SABBATIA 

282 

l^'rata 

31 

annularis 

285 

tSlexicana 

38 

bra'  tiiuta 

284 

obdvata 

S3 

calyi dsa 

285 

verhenaca 

S3 

cIdoi-<»itli'S 

286 

uriicifi'lia 

32 

coi_vmi»(»sa 

285 

SAMBUCU3 

868 

geiitiaiioides 

286 

Canadensis 

368 

grarilix 

1284 

puhens 

568 

paniiiilata 

282 

pubescens 

568 

Htfllari> 

284 

SaMOUJS 

263 

5./'  <  ihiltUM 

38 

vaK-ratidi 

263 

i^igant^uin 

38 

SANGUI-ORBA 

S06 

bm'ibarbe 

39 

Canadetisis 

806 

SAGINA 

321 

media 

806 

p'^ocumbcns 

2-21 

SANl(;UL\ 

348 

Virginica 

204 

Marilandica 

548 

S\l.ll  OkMA 

3 

SA  PI  >ur  6 

460 

aiiibit^ua 

4 

sapimaria 

460 

lit  rbacea 

3 

8a  PON  A  III  A 

513 

SAI. -Ol.A 

331 

oflicinalis 

514 

Caruliniana 

331 

SAROIHRA 

373 

linear  is 

5  2 

gentianoides 

371 

salsa 

3j2 

SAURIJRUS 

432 

SALVIA 

31 

cernuus 

438 

acuminata 

33 

S  AX  1  FRAG  A 

511 

an^ustiJuUa 

33 

erusa 

512 

ftZiUrea 

33 

D  4 


60S 


INDEX. 


, 

Page 

Page 

leucanthemifolla 

512 

pendu^us 

87 

Virgin  lensis 

511 

polyphvllus 

88 

scAJS'nix 

S57 

puberulus 

85 

vrocumbens 

S57 

pusillus 

75 

SCHOENUS 

56 

qua  Irangulatus 

78 

albus 

57 

retrofractus 

74 

capiteltatvs 

61 

robustus 

86 

corniculatus 

59 

schcenoides 

89 

distans 

60 

simplex 

76 

ett'usus 

56 

spadiceus 

84 

fascicularis 

60 

spathaceus 

73 

hi^pidulus 

56 

stennphyllus 

83 

iripxpansus 

62 

sulcatus 
trichodes 

86 

lon^irosfris 

5'^ 

76 

varifiorus 

58 

triqueter 

80 

setaceus 

56 

tuberculatus 

78 

sparsus 

62 

validiis 

81 

umbdlatus 

59 

SEUTTM 

528 

SCI K PUS 

75 

pulchellum 

529 

acicularis 

76 

pusilium 

550 

Amtfricanus 

80 

tclepliioides 

529 

autuiniialis 

82 

ternatum 

529 

brunneus 

87 

SELINUM 

350 

capillaceus 

75 

'  anadense 

351 

capiLaris 

82 

SE^UVIUM 

555 

capitatus 

77 

peilunculatum 

S.'iS 

castaneus 

84 

pentandrum 

556 

castaneus 

84 

portulacastrttm 

555 

cephal  des 

89 

sessile 

556 

ciliatifuiius 

82 

SIDEROXYLOJ^ 

287 

coarctatus 

83 

chrysophultoides 

fi»8 

debilis 

79 

lanuginosum 

288 

divariratus 

88 

lycioides 

287 

echtnatus 

75 

IcBve 

287 

equisftoides 

79 

reclinatum 

287 

eriop/iorum 

91 

sericeum 

288 

exaltatus 

87 

Unax 

288 

ferrujjineus 

85 

SILhNE 

515 

£liformis 

7(? 

antirrhina 

517 

geiiicuiatus 

77 

Caroliniana 

^516 

lacustris 

81 

Catesbcei 

515 

lineatus 

87 

fimbriata 

515 

maritimus 

Z6 

ovata 

517 

minimus 

82 

PennsyWanica 

515 

mucronatus 

80 

quinquevulnera 

515 

mucronatus 

80 

V  irginica 

516 

inucronulatus 

82 

SISON 

S55 

fiitens 

87 

Canadense 

358 

palustris 

77 

marginatuin 

S53 

INDKX. 


60S 


Pajfe 

V-^S^ 

pusilliiiu 

356 

SPIRilvV 

550 

triloliaturu 

356 

aruncus 

513 

SUM 

353 

anincus 

501 

il«'nti(  ulatum 

35  i 

Iul>ata 

561 

nuditlurutu 

555 

opiiHrulia 

560 

ri^iilius 

553 

saliciinlia 

500 

p    rigidnis 

354 

stipnlnct'a 

562 

tereti'olium 

55  + 

tumcntosa 

5  0 

tricuspitlatum 

354 

trifnlidta 

562 

SMlL\v  INA 

3^4 

ST \ PHY  LEA 

369 

racemosa 

395 

trilnlia 

5  9 

uinliellata 

39. S 

STMCIE 

574 

SMYUMUM 

35«) 

Cariiliniana 

374. 

afropurpureum 

St'O 

liinoriiiiin 

374 

auri'um 

359 

SIKLLMUA 

5ir 

birbmode 

352 

pr<)>trata 

51R 

cordatuin 

359 

piibrra 

5  r 

intt'sierrimiiin 

300 

unijlora 

520 

SOL.i.\Ji\UiU 

295 

STIPA 

l;9 

cnrdfnlin 

£95 

avenacca 

139 

SOLANTM 

280 

bar bat  a 

139 

CJaiolinensc 

2.S2 

capillaris 

140 

maiiimosuin 

281 

diifio-a 

13S 

niirruin 

280 

VH'lanocarpa 

146 

V'irjritiianum 

281 

sericea 

135 

sni'uuuA 

467 

sfricta 

140 

alba 

469 

7'illni>a 

145 

lancfn'nta 

467 

SriPUI.ICIDA 

51 

perj'n/iata 

467 

solacea 

51 

tinctitria 

4  7 

SIREPIOPUS 

S92 

villi>$a 

468 

rcseiiH 

392 

SOU BUS 

555 

S1YR\X 

505 

aucuparia 

555 

gtnbrum 

508 

microcarpa 

553 

glabrum 

Si7 

Sr.\lll  INA 

94 

grandiflnrum 

505 

glabra 

05 

^riitidillui'Uia 

505 

juncea 

94 

lifve 

50ft 

polvsfachia 

95 

(ifficinaU 

505 

SPERGIJLA 

523 

piilverulentum 
SYKN  \ 

505 

arvensis 

523 

50 

decumbens 

5^3 

fiuviatilis 

50 

nodosa 

52  J 

SY  ^IPM()REA 

272 

fia^iroid''S 

5'.'3 

jllniiicrata 

2?3 

SVERGUL  iSTRUJf 

622 

SIM  1*11(1  lilCjlRPUS 

27S 

lanusnii^um 

5Z2 

rttljfaris 

373 

SPKKMACOCB 

18S 

Si  vriiEiiioJU 

131 

diodina 

180 

pro'cov 

131 

inviilucrata 

189 

s*-ri)tina 

132 

tenuior 

188 

viUo'^n 

132 

SPIGKI.I  V 

23  f  J 

Mariiaiidica 

236 

1           ^     ■^    "             n 

^^^ 

m 


INDEX. 


Pag'e 


r. 


Page 


TJiBERJSrMMOJ^T^;^ 

VJ      313 

TRTCHODITTM 

99 

anis  ma 

S'3 

di'cuwbens 

99 

Talinum 

535 

laxiflorum 

99 

teietifoliuin 

535 

porennans 

99 

THALIA 

2 

TRICOPI  ORUM 

91 

flealbata 

2 

cvpeiinum 

91 

THjiPSU 

359 

linentum 

87 

trfnliata 

359 

TRIGL0(  HIN 

417 

THE8IUM 

310 

trianHriim 

417 

corymbulosum 

311 

TRILLIUM 

426 

Udibellatum 

311 

Cat  sbsei 

429 

TI\RELLA 

513 

cernuum 

429 

biternata 

513 

cernuNin 

428 

TILLANDSIA 

378 

erectum 

427 

Bartramii 

379 

ervthrocarpum. 

428 

monnstachya 

379 

graiidiflorum 

427 

recurvata 

380 

nervosuin 

429 

usneoides 

379 

penduluin 

428 

TOFIELDIA, 

4?4 

pic  him 

428 

glaberrima 

424. 

pum  lum 

427 

pubens 

424. 

pusiiluiii 

427 

"pubescent 

4-f4 

rhomboldpiim 

427 

TR\I>ESCANTU 

380 

TRIOS  PEUM 

2t9 

criUata 

3^0 

aiigustitolium 

270 

rosea 

381 

ma  jus 

269 

"Virginica 

380 

minus 

270 

Virsinica 

381 

perfoliatum 

269 

TR^CUYM'OTU 

94 

TRIPJERELLA 

42 

June  e  a 

94 

capitata 

43 

polystachya 

95 

coe  nlea 

43 

TUIBULU'S 

476 

TURN ERA 

369 

maxim  us 

476 

cibtoides 

370 

terrestris 

476 

u. 

ULMUS 

3.S3 

UTRICULAUIA 

20 

alata 

334 

biflora 

23 

Americana 

353 

bipartlta 

22 

campestris 

334 

ceratophylla 

20 

fulva 

333 

fihi  osa 

20 

pumila 

334 

gi')l)a 

22 

rubra 

334 

inflata 

20 

UN  10  LA. 

IbS 

infe^ra 

23 

gracilis 

168 

longirostrls 

21 

lati  folia 

167 

personata 

23 

maritima 

166 

pumila 

24 

nitida 

167 

purpurea 

21 

paniculata 

166 

saccata 

21 

spicata 

166 

setacea 

23 

subidata 

24 

#» 


Index. 


Pape 

PaifB 

VVI^LAUIA 

5«)(» 

pfrfoliata 

S9t 

flava 

390 

|)ub(*rula 

S91 

urantliflora 

S91 

sc!»!>ilifulia 

592 

periuiiata 

390 

V. 

VACCIMLM 

494 

pereeiina 

10 

arboreuiti 

495 

brr|)yllirolia 

6 

corvinbiisutn 

4'.»8 

^  irniniia 

7 

cra>sir()liuin 

49 

VIHURNUM 

364 

diffusum 

496 

acerifoliuin 

StA 

dis  morphum 

498 

ca-Hin<iides 

S(<<> 

dunutsuin 

49r 

cussinoidfs 

S(^ 

erythrucarpum 

4-47 

deiitatum 

Sii4 

f  ondusum 

497 

hvvigiituiu 

3iJ 

fuscatum 

499 

lcntaj>;o 

StiS 

galezans 

499 

obnvatiim 

266 

g    ucuin 

497 

piuiiir>liiim 

3t>S 

490 

VUJ.AR-slA 

230 

mucrunatum 

49o 

cordata 

sso 

mvrsitiifes 

494 

trachvspiTtna 

330 

my  rti  folium 

495 

viYcEroxicUM 

S^i 

myrtilloides 

500 

acaivhucarpus 

s^s 

nitiilum 

49+ 

ffonorarpos 

S38 

J'fnnsylvanieum 

500 

VI()L\ 

39S 

reRiiiosuiii 

49i 

arvensis 

jot 

gtamineiira 

496 

a^tarifolia 

299 

tcnelluin 

500 

blanda 

S98 

■virgafum 

498 

Canadensis 

301 

VJiGLWiltlA 

54 

caniiia 

301 

Richnrdi 

54 

claitdestina 

39S 

V.iLhHhlvji 

42 

concnlor 

soi 

Inciista 

42 

cordnta 

S99 

^T.RxTRUM 

419 

curullata 

29S 

anirustiloliurn 

420 

dfbiUs 

3OI 

li.teum 

4  3 

digitata 

300 

parviflorum 

41!* 

ha-tata 

80« 

viride 

419 

lanceolata 

S96 

vkrbascum 

273 

palmata 

soo 

blattaria 

274 

pedata 

300 

lychnitis 

274 

P'  imulifolia 

29r 

thap««« 

274 

rotutiditulia 

298 

VERONICA 

7 

saijittata 

399 

atcrestis 

9 

striata 

SI 

anat^allis 

9 

tripartita 

3  « 

arTcnsis 

9 

villoma 

29f 

Caroliniana 

10 

ri  lis 

304 

officinalis 

8 

arborea 

SOf 

w. 

WENDLANDIA 

433 

populifolia 

43g 

€QS 


INDEX. 


page 

Page 

X. 

XVRIS 

51         flexuosa 

51 

bievi  folia 

52        juncea 

53 

CaroliniantL 

51        jupicai 

51 

fimbriata 

52 

Y. 

YUCCA. 

400   .     filamentosa 

4oa 

aliofolia 

401        gloiiosa 

400 

draconis 

401         recurvifolia 

z. 

401 

ZANXHORHIZA 

376    ZIGAHENITS 

420 

apii  folia 

377        glaberriiDus 

420 

ZIZY^'HUS 

289 

volubilis 

290 

n 


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